| [ecc1136] | 1 | Submitted By: Joe Ciccone <jciccone@gmail.com>
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| 2 | Date: 2011-01-08
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| 3 | Initial Package Version: s20100418
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| 4 | Upstream Status: Unknown
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| 5 | Origin: Unknown
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| 6 | Description: Contains Pregenerated Documentation
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| 7 |
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| 8 |
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| 9 | diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/arping.8 iputils-s20101006/doc/arping.8
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| 10 | --- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/arping.8 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
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| 11 | +++ iputils-s20101006/doc/arping.8 2011-01-08 20:09:50.402928174 -0500
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| [8867e46] | 12 | @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
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| 13 | +.\" This manpage has been automatically generated by docbook2man
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| 14 | +.\" from a DocBook document. This tool can be found at:
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| 15 | +.\" <http://shell.ipoline.com/~elmert/comp/docbook2X/>
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| 16 | +.\" Please send any bug reports, improvements, comments, patches,
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| 17 | +.\" etc. to Steve Cheng <steve@ggi-project.org>.
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| [ecc1136] | 18 | +.TH "ARPING" "8" "08 January 2011" "iputils-101006" "System Manager's Manual: iputils"
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| [8867e46] | 19 | +.SH NAME
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| 20 | +arping \- send ARP REQUEST to a neighbour host
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| 21 | +.SH SYNOPSIS
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| 22 | +
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| 23 | +\fBarping\fR [\fB-AbDfhqUV\fR] [\fB-c \fIcount\fB\fR] [\fB-w \fIdeadline\fB\fR] [\fB-s \fIsource\fB\fR] \fB-I \fIinterface\fB\fR \fB\fIdestination\fB\fR
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| 24 | +
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| 25 | +.SH "DESCRIPTION"
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| 26 | +.PP
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| 27 | +Ping \fIdestination\fR on device \fIinterface\fR by ARP packets,
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| 28 | +using source address \fIsource\fR.
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| 29 | +.SH "OPTIONS"
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| 30 | +.TP
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| 31 | +\fB-A\fR
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| 32 | +The same as \fB-U\fR, but ARP REPLY packets used instead
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| 33 | +of ARP REQUEST.
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| 34 | +.TP
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| 35 | +\fB-b\fR
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| 36 | +Send only MAC level broadcasts. Normally \fBarping\fR starts
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| 37 | +from sending broadcast, and switch to unicast after reply received.
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| 38 | +.TP
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| 39 | +\fB-c \fIcount\fB\fR
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| 40 | +Stop after sending \fIcount\fR ARP REQUEST
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| 41 | +packets. With
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| 42 | +\fIdeadline\fR
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| 43 | +option, \fBarping\fR waits for
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| 44 | +\fIcount\fR ARP REPLY packets, until the timeout expires.
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| 45 | +.TP
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| 46 | +\fB-D\fR
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| 47 | +Duplicate address detection mode (DAD). See
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| 48 | +RFC2131, 4.4.1.
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| 49 | +Returns 0, if DAD succeeded i.e. no replies are received
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| 50 | +.TP
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| 51 | +\fB-f\fR
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| 52 | +Finish after the first reply confirming that target is alive.
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| 53 | +.TP
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| 54 | +\fB-I \fIinterface\fB\fR
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| 55 | +Name of network device where to send ARP REQUEST packets. This option
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| 56 | +is required.
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| 57 | +.TP
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| 58 | +\fB-h\fR
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| 59 | +Print help page and exit.
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| 60 | +.TP
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| 61 | +\fB-q\fR
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| 62 | +Quiet output. Nothing is displayed.
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| 63 | +.TP
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| 64 | +\fB-s \fIsource\fB\fR
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| 65 | +IP source address to use in ARP packets.
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| 66 | +If this option is absent, source address is:
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| 67 | +.RS
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| 68 | +.TP 0.2i
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| 69 | +\(bu
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| 70 | +In DAD mode (with option \fB-D\fR) set to 0.0.0.0.
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| 71 | +.TP 0.2i
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| 72 | +\(bu
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| 73 | +In Unsolicited ARP mode (with options \fB-U\fR or \fB-A\fR)
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| 74 | +set to \fIdestination\fR.
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| 75 | +.TP 0.2i
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| 76 | +\(bu
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| 77 | +Otherwise, it is calculated from routing tables.
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| 78 | +.RE
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| 79 | +.TP
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| 80 | +\fB-U\fR
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| 81 | +Unsolicited ARP mode to update neighbours' ARP caches.
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| 82 | +No replies are expected.
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| 83 | +.TP
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| 84 | +\fB-V\fR
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| 85 | +Print version of the program and exit.
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| 86 | +.TP
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| 87 | +\fB-w \fIdeadline\fB\fR
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| 88 | +Specify a timeout, in seconds, before
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| 89 | +\fBarping\fR
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| 90 | +exits regardless of how many
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| 91 | +packets have been sent or received. In this case
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| 92 | +\fBarping\fR
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| 93 | +does not stop after
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| 94 | +\fIcount\fR
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| 95 | +packet are sent, it waits either for
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| 96 | +\fIdeadline\fR
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| 97 | +expire or until
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| 98 | +\fIcount\fR
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| 99 | +probes are answered.
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| 100 | +.SH "SEE ALSO"
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| 101 | +.PP
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| 102 | +\fBping\fR(8),
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| 103 | +\fBclockdiff\fR(8),
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| 104 | +\fBtracepath\fR(8).
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| 105 | +.SH "AUTHOR"
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| 106 | +.PP
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| 107 | +\fBarping\fR was written by
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| 108 | +Alexey Kuznetsov
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| 109 | +<kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>.
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| 110 | +It is now maintained by
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| 111 | +YOSHIFUJI Hideaki
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| 112 | +<yoshfuji@skbuff.net>.
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| 113 | +.SH "SECURITY"
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| 114 | +.PP
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| 115 | +\fBarping\fR requires CAP_NET_RAWIO capability
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| 116 | +to be executed. It is not recommended to be used as set-uid root,
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| 117 | +because it allows user to modify ARP caches of neighbour hosts.
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| 118 | +.SH "AVAILABILITY"
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| 119 | +.PP
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| 120 | +\fBarping\fR is part of \fIiputils\fR package
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| 121 | +and the latest versions are available in source form at
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| 122 | +http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2.
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| [ecc1136] | 123 | diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/clockdiff.8 iputils-s20101006/doc/clockdiff.8
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| 124 | --- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/clockdiff.8 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
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| 125 | +++ iputils-s20101006/doc/clockdiff.8 2011-01-08 20:09:50.611280874 -0500
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| [8867e46] | 126 | @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
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| 127 | +.\" This manpage has been automatically generated by docbook2man
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| 128 | +.\" from a DocBook document. This tool can be found at:
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| 129 | +.\" <http://shell.ipoline.com/~elmert/comp/docbook2X/>
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| 130 | +.\" Please send any bug reports, improvements, comments, patches,
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| 131 | +.\" etc. to Steve Cheng <steve@ggi-project.org>.
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| [ecc1136] | 132 | +.TH "CLOCKDIFF" "8" "08 January 2011" "iputils-101006" "System Manager's Manual: iputils"
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| [8867e46] | 133 | +.SH NAME
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| 134 | +clockdiff \- measure clock difference between hosts
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| 135 | +.SH SYNOPSIS
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| 136 | +
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| 137 | +\fBclockdiff\fR [\fB-o\fR] [\fB-o1\fR] \fB\fIdestination\fB\fR
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| 138 | +
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| 139 | +.SH "DESCRIPTION"
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| 140 | +.PP
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| 141 | +\fBclockdiff\fR Measures clock difference between us and
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| 142 | +\fIdestination\fR with 1 msec resolution using ICMP TIMESTAMP
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| 143 | +[2]
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| 144 | +packets or, optionally, IP TIMESTAMP option
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| 145 | +[3]
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| 146 | +option added to ICMP ECHO.
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| 147 | +[1]
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| 148 | +.SH "OPTIONS"
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| 149 | +.TP
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| 150 | +\fB-o\fR
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| 151 | +Use IP TIMESTAMP with ICMP ECHO instead of ICMP TIMESTAMP
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| 152 | +messages. It is useful with some destinations, which do not support
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| 153 | +ICMP TIMESTAMP (f.e. Solaris <2.4).
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| 154 | +.TP
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| 155 | +\fB-o1\fR
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| 156 | +Slightly different form of \fB-o\fR, namely it uses three-term
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| 157 | +IP TIMESTAMP with prespecified hop addresses instead of four term one.
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| 158 | +What flavor works better depends on target host. Particularly,
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| 159 | +\fB-o\fR is better for Linux.
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| 160 | +.SH "WARNINGS"
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| 161 | +.TP 0.2i
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| 162 | +\(bu
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| 163 | +Some nodes (Cisco) use non-standard timestamps, which is allowed
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| 164 | +by RFC, but makes timestamps mostly useless.
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| 165 | +.TP 0.2i
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| 166 | +\(bu
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| 167 | +Some nodes generate messed timestamps (Solaris>2.4), when
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| 168 | +run \fBxntpd\fR. Seems, its IP stack uses a corrupted clock source,
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| 169 | +which is synchronized to time-of-day clock periodically and jumps
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| 170 | +randomly making timestamps mostly useless. Good news is that you can
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| 171 | +use NTP in this case, which is even better.
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| 172 | +.TP 0.2i
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| 173 | +\(bu
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| 174 | +\fBclockdiff\fR shows difference in time modulo 24 days.
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| 175 | +.SH "SEE ALSO"
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| 176 | +.PP
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| 177 | +\fBping\fR(8),
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| 178 | +\fBarping\fR(8),
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| 179 | +\fBtracepath\fR(8).
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| 180 | +.SH "REFERENCES"
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| 181 | +.PP
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| 182 | +[1] ICMP ECHO,
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| 183 | +RFC0792, page 14.
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| 184 | +.PP
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| 185 | +[2] ICMP TIMESTAMP,
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| 186 | +RFC0792, page 16.
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| 187 | +.PP
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| 188 | +[3] IP TIMESTAMP option,
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| 189 | +RFC0791, 3.1, page 16.
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| 190 | +.SH "AUTHOR"
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| 191 | +.PP
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| 192 | +\fBclockdiff\fR was compiled by
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| 193 | +Alexey Kuznetsov
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| 194 | +<kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>. It was based on code borrowed
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| 195 | +from BSD \fBtimed\fR daemon.
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| 196 | +It is now maintained by
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| 197 | +YOSHIFUJI Hideaki
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| 198 | +<yoshfuji@skbuff.net>.
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| 199 | +.SH "SECURITY"
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| 200 | +.PP
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| 201 | +\fBclockdiff\fR requires CAP_NET_RAWIO capability
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| 202 | +to be executed. It is safe to be used as set-uid root.
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| 203 | +.SH "AVAILABILITY"
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| 204 | +.PP
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| 205 | +\fBclockdiff\fR is part of \fIiputils\fR package
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| 206 | +and the latest versions are available in source form at
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| 207 | +http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2.
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| [ecc1136] | 208 | diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/index.html iputils-s20101006/doc/index.html
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| 209 | --- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/index.html 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
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| 210 | +++ iputils-s20101006/doc/index.html 2011-01-08 20:09:49.631531431 -0500
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| [8867e46] | 211 | @@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
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| 212 | +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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| 213 | +<HTML
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| 214 | +><HEAD
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| 215 | +><TITLE
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| 216 | +>System Manager's Manual: iputils</TITLE
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| 217 | +><META
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| 218 | +NAME="GENERATOR"
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| 219 | +CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
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| 220 | +REL="NEXT"
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| 221 | +TITLE="ping"
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| 222 | +HREF="r3.html"></HEAD
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| 223 | +><BODY
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| 224 | +CLASS="REFERENCE"
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| 225 | +BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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| 226 | +TEXT="#000000"
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| 227 | +LINK="#0000FF"
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| 228 | +VLINK="#840084"
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| 229 | +ALINK="#0000FF"
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| 230 | +><DIV
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| 231 | +CLASS="NAVHEADER"
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| 232 | +><TABLE
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| 233 | +SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
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| 234 | +WIDTH="100%"
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| 235 | +BORDER="0"
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| 236 | +CELLPADDING="0"
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| 237 | +CELLSPACING="0"
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| 238 | +><TR
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| 239 | +><TD
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| 240 | +WIDTH="10%"
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| 241 | +ALIGN="left"
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| 242 | +VALIGN="bottom"
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| 243 | +> </TD
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| 244 | +><TD
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| 245 | +WIDTH="80%"
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| 246 | +ALIGN="center"
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| 247 | +VALIGN="bottom"
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| 248 | +></TD
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| 249 | +><TD
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| 250 | +WIDTH="10%"
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| 251 | +ALIGN="right"
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| 252 | +VALIGN="bottom"
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| 253 | +><A
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| 254 | +HREF="r3.html"
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| 255 | +ACCESSKEY="N"
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| 256 | +>Next</A
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| 257 | +></TD
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| 258 | +></TR
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| 259 | +></TABLE
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| 260 | +><HR
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| 261 | +ALIGN="LEFT"
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| 262 | +WIDTH="100%"></DIV
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| 263 | +><DIV
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| 264 | +CLASS="REFERENCE"
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| 265 | +><A
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| 266 | +NAME="INDEX"
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| 267 | +></A
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| 268 | +><DIV
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| 269 | +CLASS="TITLEPAGE"
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| 270 | +><H1
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| 271 | +CLASS="TITLE"
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| 272 | +>I. System Manager's Manual: iputils</H1
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| 273 | +><DIV
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| 274 | +CLASS="TOC"
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| 275 | +><DL
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| 276 | +><DT
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| 277 | +><B
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| 278 | +>Table of Contents</B
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| 279 | +></DT
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| 280 | +><DT
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| 281 | +><A
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| 282 | +HREF="r3.html"
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| 283 | +>ping</A
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| 284 | +> -- send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts</DT
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| 285 | +><DT
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| 286 | +><A
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| 287 | +HREF="r437.html"
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| 288 | +>arping</A
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| 289 | +> -- send ARP REQUEST to a neighbour host</DT
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| 290 | +><DT
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| 291 | +><A
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| 292 | +HREF="r596.html"
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| 293 | +>clockdiff</A
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| 294 | +> -- measure clock difference between hosts</DT
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| 295 | +><DT
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| 296 | +><A
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| 297 | +HREF="r691.html"
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| 298 | +>rarpd</A
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| 299 | +> -- answer RARP REQUESTs</DT
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| 300 | +><DT
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| 301 | +><A
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| 302 | +HREF="r790.html"
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| 303 | +>tracepath</A
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| 304 | +> -- traces path to a network host discovering MTU along this path</DT
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| 305 | +><DT
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| 306 | +><A
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| 307 | +HREF="r884.html"
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| 308 | +>traceroute6</A
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| 309 | +> -- traces path to a network host</DT
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| 310 | +><DT
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| 311 | +><A
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| 312 | +HREF="r949.html"
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| 313 | +>tftpd</A
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| 314 | +> -- Trivial File Transfer Protocol server</DT
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| 315 | +><DT
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| 316 | +><A
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| 317 | +HREF="r1022.html"
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| 318 | +>rdisc</A
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| 319 | +> -- network router discovery daemon</DT
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| 320 | +><DT
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| 321 | +><A
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| 322 | +HREF="r1144.html"
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| 323 | +>pg3</A
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| 324 | +> -- send stream of UDP packets</DT
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| 325 | +></DL
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| 326 | +></DIV
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| 327 | +></DIV
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| 328 | +></DIV
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| 329 | +><DIV
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| 330 | +CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
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| 331 | +><HR
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|---|
| 332 | +ALIGN="LEFT"
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|---|
| 333 | +WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
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| 334 | +SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
|
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| 335 | +WIDTH="100%"
|
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| 336 | +BORDER="0"
|
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| 337 | +CELLPADDING="0"
|
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| 338 | +CELLSPACING="0"
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| 339 | +><TR
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| 340 | +><TD
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| 341 | +WIDTH="33%"
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| 342 | +ALIGN="left"
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| 343 | +VALIGN="top"
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| 344 | +> </TD
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| 345 | +><TD
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| 346 | +WIDTH="34%"
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| 347 | +ALIGN="center"
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| 348 | +VALIGN="top"
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| 349 | +> </TD
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| 350 | +><TD
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| 351 | +WIDTH="33%"
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| 352 | +ALIGN="right"
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| 353 | +VALIGN="top"
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| 354 | +><A
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| 355 | +HREF="r3.html"
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| 356 | +ACCESSKEY="N"
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| 357 | +>Next</A
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| 358 | +></TD
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| 359 | +></TR
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| 360 | +><TR
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| 361 | +><TD
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| 362 | +WIDTH="33%"
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| 363 | +ALIGN="left"
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| 364 | +VALIGN="top"
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| 365 | +> </TD
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| 366 | +><TD
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| 367 | +WIDTH="34%"
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| 368 | +ALIGN="center"
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| 369 | +VALIGN="top"
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| 370 | +> </TD
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| 371 | +><TD
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| 372 | +WIDTH="33%"
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| 373 | +ALIGN="right"
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| 374 | +VALIGN="top"
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| 375 | +>ping</TD
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| 376 | +></TR
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| 377 | +></TABLE
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| 378 | +></DIV
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| 379 | +></BODY
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| 380 | +></HTML
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| 381 | +>
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| 382 | \ No newline at end of file
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| [ecc1136] | 383 | diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/iputils.html iputils-s20101006/doc/iputils.html
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| 384 | --- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/iputils.html 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
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| 385 | +++ iputils-s20101006/doc/iputils.html 2011-01-08 20:09:50.282802377 -0500
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| [8867e46] | 386 | @@ -0,0 +1,491 @@
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| 387 | +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
|
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| 388 | +<HTML
|
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| 389 | +><HEAD
|
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| 390 | +><TITLE
|
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| 391 | +>iputils: documentation directory</TITLE
|
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| 392 | +><META
|
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| 393 | +NAME="GENERATOR"
|
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| 394 | +CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"></HEAD
|
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| 395 | +><BODY
|
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| 396 | +CLASS="ARTICLE"
|
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| 397 | +BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
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| 398 | +TEXT="#000000"
|
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| 399 | +LINK="#0000FF"
|
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| 400 | +VLINK="#840084"
|
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| 401 | +ALINK="#0000FF"
|
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| 402 | +><DIV
|
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| 403 | +CLASS="ARTICLE"
|
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| 404 | +><DIV
|
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| 405 | +CLASS="TITLEPAGE"
|
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| 406 | +><H1
|
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| 407 | +CLASS="TITLE"
|
|---|
| 408 | +><A
|
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| 409 | +NAME="AEN2"
|
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| 410 | +>iputils: documentation directory</A
|
|---|
| 411 | +></H1
|
|---|
| 412 | +><HR></DIV
|
|---|
| 413 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 414 | +CLASS="TOC"
|
|---|
| 415 | +><DL
|
|---|
| 416 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 417 | +><B
|
|---|
| 418 | +>Table of Contents</B
|
|---|
| 419 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 420 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 421 | +>1. <A
|
|---|
| 422 | +HREF="#AEN4"
|
|---|
| 423 | +>Index</A
|
|---|
| 424 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 425 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 426 | +>2. <A
|
|---|
| 427 | +HREF="#AEN34"
|
|---|
| 428 | +>Historical notes</A
|
|---|
| 429 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 430 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 431 | +>3. <A
|
|---|
| 432 | +HREF="#AEN89"
|
|---|
| 433 | +>Installation notes</A
|
|---|
| 434 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 435 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 436 | +>4. <A
|
|---|
| 437 | +HREF="#AEN109"
|
|---|
| 438 | +>Availability</A
|
|---|
| 439 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 440 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 441 | +>5. <A
|
|---|
| 442 | +HREF="#AEN114"
|
|---|
| 443 | +>Copying</A
|
|---|
| 444 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 445 | +></DL
|
|---|
| 446 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 447 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 448 | +CLASS="SECT1"
|
|---|
| 449 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 450 | +CLASS="SECT1"
|
|---|
| 451 | +><A
|
|---|
| 452 | +NAME="AEN4"
|
|---|
| 453 | +>1. Index</A
|
|---|
| 454 | +></H2
|
|---|
| 455 | +><P
|
|---|
| 456 | +></P
|
|---|
| 457 | +><UL
|
|---|
| 458 | +><LI
|
|---|
| 459 | +><P
|
|---|
| 460 | +> <A
|
|---|
| 461 | +HREF="ping.html"
|
|---|
| 462 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 463 | +>ping, ping6</A
|
|---|
| 464 | +>.
|
|---|
| 465 | + </P
|
|---|
| 466 | +></LI
|
|---|
| 467 | +><LI
|
|---|
| 468 | +><P
|
|---|
| 469 | +> <A
|
|---|
| 470 | +HREF="arping.html"
|
|---|
| 471 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 472 | +>arping</A
|
|---|
| 473 | +>.
|
|---|
| 474 | + </P
|
|---|
| 475 | +></LI
|
|---|
| 476 | +><LI
|
|---|
| 477 | +><P
|
|---|
| 478 | +> <A
|
|---|
| 479 | +HREF="clockdiff.html"
|
|---|
| 480 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 481 | +>clockdiff</A
|
|---|
| 482 | +>.
|
|---|
| 483 | + </P
|
|---|
| 484 | +></LI
|
|---|
| 485 | +><LI
|
|---|
| 486 | +><P
|
|---|
| 487 | +> <A
|
|---|
| 488 | +HREF="rarpd.html"
|
|---|
| 489 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 490 | +>rarpd</A
|
|---|
| 491 | +>.
|
|---|
| 492 | + </P
|
|---|
| 493 | +></LI
|
|---|
| 494 | +><LI
|
|---|
| 495 | +><P
|
|---|
| 496 | +> <A
|
|---|
| 497 | +HREF="tracepath.html"
|
|---|
| 498 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 499 | +>tracepath, tracepath6</A
|
|---|
| 500 | +>.
|
|---|
| 501 | + </P
|
|---|
| 502 | +></LI
|
|---|
| 503 | +><LI
|
|---|
| 504 | +><P
|
|---|
| 505 | +> <A
|
|---|
| 506 | +HREF="traceroute6.html"
|
|---|
| 507 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 508 | +>traceroute6</A
|
|---|
| 509 | +>.
|
|---|
| 510 | + </P
|
|---|
| 511 | +></LI
|
|---|
| 512 | +><LI
|
|---|
| 513 | +><P
|
|---|
| 514 | +> <A
|
|---|
| 515 | +HREF="rdisc.html"
|
|---|
| 516 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 517 | +>rdisc</A
|
|---|
| 518 | +>.
|
|---|
| 519 | + </P
|
|---|
| 520 | +></LI
|
|---|
| 521 | +><LI
|
|---|
| 522 | +><P
|
|---|
| 523 | +> <A
|
|---|
| 524 | +HREF="tftpd.html"
|
|---|
| 525 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 526 | +>tftpd</A
|
|---|
| 527 | +>.
|
|---|
| 528 | + </P
|
|---|
| 529 | +></LI
|
|---|
| 530 | +><LI
|
|---|
| 531 | +><P
|
|---|
| 532 | +> <A
|
|---|
| 533 | +HREF="pg3.html"
|
|---|
| 534 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 535 | +>pg3, ipg, pgset</A
|
|---|
| 536 | +>.
|
|---|
| 537 | + </P
|
|---|
| 538 | +></LI
|
|---|
| 539 | +></UL
|
|---|
| 540 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 541 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 542 | +CLASS="SECT1"
|
|---|
| 543 | +><HR><H2
|
|---|
| 544 | +CLASS="SECT1"
|
|---|
| 545 | +><A
|
|---|
| 546 | +NAME="AEN34"
|
|---|
| 547 | +>2. Historical notes</A
|
|---|
| 548 | +></H2
|
|---|
| 549 | +><P
|
|---|
| 550 | +>This package appeared as a desperate attempt to bring some life
|
|---|
| 551 | +to state of basic networking applets: <B
|
|---|
| 552 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 553 | +>ping</B
|
|---|
| 554 | +>, <B
|
|---|
| 555 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 556 | +>traceroute</B
|
|---|
| 557 | +>
|
|---|
| 558 | +etc. Though it was known that port of BSD <B
|
|---|
| 559 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 560 | +>ping</B
|
|---|
| 561 | +> to Linux
|
|---|
| 562 | +was basically broken, neither maintainers of well known (and superb)
|
|---|
| 563 | +Linux net-tools package nor maintainers of Linux distributions
|
|---|
| 564 | +worried about fixing well known bugs, which were reported in linux-kernel
|
|---|
| 565 | +and linux-net mail lists for ages, were identified and nevertheless
|
|---|
| 566 | +not repaired. So, one day 1001th resuming of the subject happened
|
|---|
| 567 | +to be the last straw to break camel's back, I just parsed my hard disks
|
|---|
| 568 | +and collected a set of utilities, which shared the following properties:</P
|
|---|
| 569 | +><P
|
|---|
| 570 | +></P
|
|---|
| 571 | +><UL
|
|---|
| 572 | +><LI
|
|---|
| 573 | +><P
|
|---|
| 574 | +>Small
|
|---|
| 575 | + </P
|
|---|
| 576 | +></LI
|
|---|
| 577 | +><LI
|
|---|
| 578 | +><P
|
|---|
| 579 | +>Useful despite of this
|
|---|
| 580 | + </P
|
|---|
| 581 | +></LI
|
|---|
| 582 | +><LI
|
|---|
| 583 | +><P
|
|---|
| 584 | +>I never seen it was made right
|
|---|
| 585 | + </P
|
|---|
| 586 | +></LI
|
|---|
| 587 | +><LI
|
|---|
| 588 | +><P
|
|---|
| 589 | +>Not quite trivial
|
|---|
| 590 | + </P
|
|---|
| 591 | +></LI
|
|---|
| 592 | +><LI
|
|---|
| 593 | +><P
|
|---|
| 594 | +>Demonstrating some important feature of Linux
|
|---|
| 595 | + </P
|
|---|
| 596 | +></LI
|
|---|
| 597 | +><LI
|
|---|
| 598 | +><P
|
|---|
| 599 | +>The last but not the least, I use it more or less regularly
|
|---|
| 600 | + </P
|
|---|
| 601 | +></LI
|
|---|
| 602 | +></UL
|
|---|
| 603 | +><P
|
|---|
| 604 | +>This utility set was not supposed to be a reference set or something like
|
|---|
| 605 | +that. Most of them were cloned from some originals:
|
|---|
| 606 | +<DIV
|
|---|
| 607 | +CLASS="INFORMALTABLE"
|
|---|
| 608 | +><P
|
|---|
| 609 | +></P
|
|---|
| 610 | +><A
|
|---|
| 611 | +NAME="AEN54"
|
|---|
| 612 | +></A
|
|---|
| 613 | +><TABLE
|
|---|
| 614 | +BORDER="1"
|
|---|
| 615 | +CLASS="CALSTABLE"
|
|---|
| 616 | +><COL><COL><TBODY
|
|---|
| 617 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 618 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 619 | +>ping</TD
|
|---|
| 620 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 621 | +>cloned of an ancient NetTools-B-xx</TD
|
|---|
| 622 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 623 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 624 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 625 | +>ping6</TD
|
|---|
| 626 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 627 | +>cloned of a very old Pedro's utility set</TD
|
|---|
| 628 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 629 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 630 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 631 | +>traceroute6</TD
|
|---|
| 632 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 633 | +>cloned of NRL Sep 96 distribution</TD
|
|---|
| 634 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 635 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 636 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 637 | +>rdisc</TD
|
|---|
| 638 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 639 | +>cloned of SUN in.rdisc</TD
|
|---|
| 640 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 641 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 642 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 643 | +>clockdiff</TD
|
|---|
| 644 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 645 | +>broken out of some BSD timed</TD
|
|---|
| 646 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 647 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 648 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 649 | +>tftpd</TD
|
|---|
| 650 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 651 | +>it is clone of some ancient NetKit package</TD
|
|---|
| 652 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 653 | +></TBODY
|
|---|
| 654 | +></TABLE
|
|---|
| 655 | +><P
|
|---|
| 656 | +></P
|
|---|
| 657 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 658 | +></P
|
|---|
| 659 | +><P
|
|---|
| 660 | +>Also I added some utilities written from scratch, namely
|
|---|
| 661 | +<B
|
|---|
| 662 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 663 | +>tracepath</B
|
|---|
| 664 | +>, <B
|
|---|
| 665 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 666 | +>arping</B
|
|---|
| 667 | +> and later <B
|
|---|
| 668 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 669 | +>rarpd</B
|
|---|
| 670 | +>
|
|---|
| 671 | +(the last one does not satisfy all the criteria, I used it two or three
|
|---|
| 672 | +times).</P
|
|---|
| 673 | +><P
|
|---|
| 674 | +>Hesitated a bit I overcame temptation to add <B
|
|---|
| 675 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 676 | +>traceroute</B
|
|---|
| 677 | +>.
|
|---|
| 678 | +The variant released by LBNL to that time was mostly sane and bugs
|
|---|
| 679 | +in it were mostly not specific to Linux, but main reason was that
|
|---|
| 680 | +the latest version of LBNL <B
|
|---|
| 681 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 682 | +>traceroute</B
|
|---|
| 683 | +> was not
|
|---|
| 684 | +<SPAN
|
|---|
| 685 | +CLASS="emphasis"
|
|---|
| 686 | +><I
|
|---|
| 687 | +CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
|---|
| 688 | +>small</I
|
|---|
| 689 | +></SPAN
|
|---|
| 690 | +>, it consisted of several files,
|
|---|
| 691 | +used a wicked (and failing with Linux :-)) autoconfiguration etc.
|
|---|
| 692 | +So, instead I assembled to iputils a simplistic <B
|
|---|
| 693 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 694 | +>tracepath</B
|
|---|
| 695 | +> utility
|
|---|
| 696 | +and IPv6 version of traceroute, and published my
|
|---|
| 697 | +<A
|
|---|
| 698 | +HREF="ftp://ftp.inr.ac.ru/ip-routing/lbl-tools"
|
|---|
| 699 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 700 | +> patches</A
|
|---|
| 701 | +>.
|
|---|
| 702 | +to LBNL <B
|
|---|
| 703 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 704 | +>traceroute</B
|
|---|
| 705 | +> separately.<A
|
|---|
| 706 | +NAME="AEN86"
|
|---|
| 707 | +HREF="#FTN.AEN86"
|
|---|
| 708 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 709 | +CLASS="footnote"
|
|---|
| 710 | +>[1]</SPAN
|
|---|
| 711 | +></A
|
|---|
| 712 | +></P
|
|---|
| 713 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 714 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 715 | +CLASS="SECT1"
|
|---|
| 716 | +><HR><H2
|
|---|
| 717 | +CLASS="SECT1"
|
|---|
| 718 | +><A
|
|---|
| 719 | +NAME="AEN89"
|
|---|
| 720 | +>3. Installation notes</A
|
|---|
| 721 | +></H2
|
|---|
| 722 | +><P
|
|---|
| 723 | +><KBD
|
|---|
| 724 | +CLASS="USERINPUT"
|
|---|
| 725 | +>make</KBD
|
|---|
| 726 | +> to compile utilities. <KBD
|
|---|
| 727 | +CLASS="USERINPUT"
|
|---|
| 728 | +>make html</KBD
|
|---|
| 729 | +> to prepare
|
|---|
| 730 | +html documentation, <KBD
|
|---|
| 731 | +CLASS="USERINPUT"
|
|---|
| 732 | +>make man</KBD
|
|---|
| 733 | +> if you prefer man pages.
|
|---|
| 734 | +Nothing fancy, provided you have DocBook package installed.</P
|
|---|
| 735 | +><P
|
|---|
| 736 | +><KBD
|
|---|
| 737 | +CLASS="USERINPUT"
|
|---|
| 738 | +>make install</KBD
|
|---|
| 739 | +> installs <SPAN
|
|---|
| 740 | +CLASS="emphasis"
|
|---|
| 741 | +><I
|
|---|
| 742 | +CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
|---|
| 743 | +>only</I
|
|---|
| 744 | +></SPAN
|
|---|
| 745 | +> HTML documentation
|
|---|
| 746 | +to <TT
|
|---|
| 747 | +CLASS="FILENAME"
|
|---|
| 748 | +>/usr/doc/iputils</TT
|
|---|
| 749 | +>. It even does not try
|
|---|
| 750 | +to install binaries and man pages. If you read historical
|
|---|
| 751 | +notes above, the reason should be evident. Most of utilities
|
|---|
| 752 | +intersect with utilities distributed in another packages, and
|
|---|
| 753 | +making such target rewriting existing installation would be a crime
|
|---|
| 754 | +from my side. The decision what variant of <B
|
|---|
| 755 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 756 | +>ping</B
|
|---|
| 757 | +> is preferred,
|
|---|
| 758 | +how to resolve the conflicts etc. is left to you or to person who
|
|---|
| 759 | +assembled an rpm. I vote for variant from <B
|
|---|
| 760 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 761 | +>iputils</B
|
|---|
| 762 | +> of course.</P
|
|---|
| 763 | +><P
|
|---|
| 764 | +>Anyway, select utilities which you like and install them to the places
|
|---|
| 765 | +which you prefer together with their man pages.</P
|
|---|
| 766 | +><P
|
|---|
| 767 | +>It is possible that compilation will fail, if you use some
|
|---|
| 768 | +funny Linux distribution mangling header files in some unexpected ways
|
|---|
| 769 | +(expected ones are the ways of redhat of course :-)).
|
|---|
| 770 | +I validate iputils against <A
|
|---|
| 771 | +HREF="http://www.asplinux.ru"
|
|---|
| 772 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 773 | +>asplinux</A
|
|---|
| 774 | +>
|
|---|
| 775 | +distribution, which is inevitably followed by validity with respect
|
|---|
| 776 | +to <A
|
|---|
| 777 | +HREF="http://www.redhat.com"
|
|---|
| 778 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 779 | +>redhat</A
|
|---|
| 780 | +>.
|
|---|
| 781 | +If your distribution is one of widely known ones, suse or debian,
|
|---|
| 782 | +it also will compile provided snapshot is elder than month or so and
|
|---|
| 783 | +someone reported all the problems, if they took place at all.</P
|
|---|
| 784 | +><P
|
|---|
| 785 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 786 | +CLASS="emphasis"
|
|---|
| 787 | +><I
|
|---|
| 788 | +CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
|---|
| 789 | +>Anyway, please, do not abuse me complaining about some compilation problems
|
|---|
| 790 | +in any distribution different of asplinux or redhat.
|
|---|
| 791 | +If you have a fix, please, send it to
|
|---|
| 792 | +<A
|
|---|
| 793 | +HREF="mailto:kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru"
|
|---|
| 794 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 795 | +>me</A
|
|---|
| 796 | +>,
|
|---|
| 797 | +I will check that it does not break distributions mentioned above
|
|---|
| 798 | +and apply it. But I am not going to undertake any investigations,
|
|---|
| 799 | +bare reports are deemed to be routed to <TT
|
|---|
| 800 | +CLASS="FILENAME"
|
|---|
| 801 | +>/dev/null</TT
|
|---|
| 802 | +>.</I
|
|---|
| 803 | +></SPAN
|
|---|
| 804 | +></P
|
|---|
| 805 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 806 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 807 | +CLASS="SECT1"
|
|---|
| 808 | +><HR><H2
|
|---|
| 809 | +CLASS="SECT1"
|
|---|
| 810 | +><A
|
|---|
| 811 | +NAME="AEN109"
|
|---|
| 812 | +>4. Availability</A
|
|---|
| 813 | +></H2
|
|---|
| 814 | +><P
|
|---|
| 815 | +>The collection of documents is part of <TT
|
|---|
| 816 | +CLASS="FILENAME"
|
|---|
| 817 | +>iputils</TT
|
|---|
| 818 | +> package
|
|---|
| 819 | +and the latest versions are available in source form at
|
|---|
| 820 | +<A
|
|---|
| 821 | +HREF="http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2"
|
|---|
| 822 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 823 | +>http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2</A
|
|---|
| 824 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 825 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 826 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 827 | +CLASS="SECT1"
|
|---|
| 828 | +><HR><H2
|
|---|
| 829 | +CLASS="SECT1"
|
|---|
| 830 | +><A
|
|---|
| 831 | +NAME="AEN114"
|
|---|
| 832 | +>5. Copying</A
|
|---|
| 833 | +></H2
|
|---|
| 834 | +><P
|
|---|
| 835 | +>Different files are copyrighted by different persons and organizations
|
|---|
| 836 | +and distributed under different licenses. For details look into corresponding
|
|---|
| 837 | +source files.</P
|
|---|
| 838 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 839 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 840 | +><H3
|
|---|
| 841 | +CLASS="FOOTNOTES"
|
|---|
| 842 | +>Notes</H3
|
|---|
| 843 | +><TABLE
|
|---|
| 844 | +BORDER="0"
|
|---|
| 845 | +CLASS="FOOTNOTES"
|
|---|
| 846 | +WIDTH="100%"
|
|---|
| 847 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 848 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 849 | +ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|---|
| 850 | +VALIGN="TOP"
|
|---|
| 851 | +WIDTH="5%"
|
|---|
| 852 | +><A
|
|---|
| 853 | +NAME="FTN.AEN86"
|
|---|
| 854 | +HREF="#AEN86"
|
|---|
| 855 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 856 | +CLASS="footnote"
|
|---|
| 857 | +>[1]</SPAN
|
|---|
| 858 | +></A
|
|---|
| 859 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 860 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 861 | +ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|---|
| 862 | +VALIGN="TOP"
|
|---|
| 863 | +WIDTH="95%"
|
|---|
| 864 | +><P
|
|---|
| 865 | +>This was mistake.
|
|---|
| 866 | +Due to this <B
|
|---|
| 867 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 868 | +>traceroute</B
|
|---|
| 869 | +> was in a sad state until recently.
|
|---|
| 870 | +Good news, redhat-7.2 seems to add these patches to their traceroute
|
|---|
| 871 | +rpm eventually. So, I think I will refrain of suicide for awhile.</P
|
|---|
| 872 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 873 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 874 | +></TABLE
|
|---|
| 875 | +></BODY
|
|---|
| 876 | +></HTML
|
|---|
| 877 | +>
|
|---|
| 878 | \ No newline at end of file
|
|---|
| [ecc1136] | 879 | diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/pg3.8 iputils-s20101006/doc/pg3.8
|
|---|
| 880 | --- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/pg3.8 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
|
|---|
| 881 | +++ iputils-s20101006/doc/pg3.8 2011-01-08 20:09:50.890656148 -0500
|
|---|
| [8867e46] | 882 | @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
|
|---|
| 883 | +.\" This manpage has been automatically generated by docbook2man
|
|---|
| 884 | +.\" from a DocBook document. This tool can be found at:
|
|---|
| 885 | +.\" <http://shell.ipoline.com/~elmert/comp/docbook2X/>
|
|---|
| 886 | +.\" Please send any bug reports, improvements, comments, patches,
|
|---|
| 887 | +.\" etc. to Steve Cheng <steve@ggi-project.org>.
|
|---|
| [ecc1136] | 888 | +.TH "PG3" "8" "08 January 2011" "iputils-101006" "System Manager's Manual: iputils"
|
|---|
| [8867e46] | 889 | +.SH NAME
|
|---|
| 890 | +pg3, ipg, pgset \- send stream of UDP packets
|
|---|
| 891 | +.SH SYNOPSIS
|
|---|
| 892 | +
|
|---|
| 893 | +\fBsource ipg\fR
|
|---|
| 894 | +
|
|---|
| 895 | +
|
|---|
| 896 | +\fBpg\fR
|
|---|
| 897 | +
|
|---|
| 898 | +
|
|---|
| 899 | +\fBpgset\fR \fB\fICOMMAND\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 900 | +
|
|---|
| 901 | +.SH "DESCRIPTION"
|
|---|
| 902 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 903 | +\fBipg\fR is not a program, it is script which should be sourced
|
|---|
| 904 | +to \fBbash\fR. When sourced it loads module \fIpg3\fR and
|
|---|
| 905 | +exports a few of functions accessible from parent shell. These macros
|
|---|
| 906 | +are \fBpg\fR to start packet injection and to get the results of run;
|
|---|
| 907 | +and \fBpgset\fR to setup packet generator.
|
|---|
| 908 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 909 | +\fBpgset\fR can send the following commands to module \fIpg3\fR:
|
|---|
| 910 | +.SH "COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 911 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 912 | +\fBodev \fIDEVICE\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 913 | +Name of Ethernet device to test. See
|
|---|
| 914 | +warning below.
|
|---|
| 915 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 916 | +\fBpkt_size \fIBYTES\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 917 | +Size of packet to generate. The size includes all the headers: UDP, IP,
|
|---|
| 918 | +MAC, but does not account for overhead internal to medium, i.e. FCS
|
|---|
| 919 | +and various paddings.
|
|---|
| 920 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 921 | +\fBfrags \fINUMBER\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 922 | +Each packet will contain \fINUMBER\fR of fragments.
|
|---|
| 923 | +Maximal amount for linux-2.4 is 6. Far not all the devices support
|
|---|
| 924 | +fragmented buffers.
|
|---|
| 925 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 926 | +\fBcount \fINUMBER\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 927 | +Send stream of \fINUMBER\fR of packets and stop after this.
|
|---|
| 928 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 929 | +\fBipg \fITIME\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 930 | +Introduce artificial delay between packets of \fITIME\fR
|
|---|
| 931 | +microseconds.
|
|---|
| 932 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 933 | +\fBdst \fIIP_ADDRESS\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 934 | +Select IP destination where the stream is sent to.
|
|---|
| 935 | +Beware, never set this address at random. \fBpg3\fR is not a toy,
|
|---|
| 936 | +it creates really tough stream. Default value is 0.0.0.0.
|
|---|
| 937 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 938 | +\fBdst \fIMAC_ADDRESS\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 939 | +Select MAC destination where the stream is sent to.
|
|---|
| 940 | +Default value is 00:00:00:00:00:00 in hope that this will not be received
|
|---|
| 941 | +by any node on LAN.
|
|---|
| 942 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 943 | +\fBstop\fR
|
|---|
| 944 | +Abort packet injection.
|
|---|
| 945 | +.SH "WARNING"
|
|---|
| 946 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 947 | +When output device is set to some random device different
|
|---|
| 948 | +of hardware Ethernet device, \fBpg3\fR will crash kernel.
|
|---|
| 949 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 950 | +Do not use it on VLAN, ethertap, VTUN and other devices,
|
|---|
| 951 | +which emulate Ethernet not being real Ethernet in fact.
|
|---|
| 952 | +.SH "AUTHOR"
|
|---|
| 953 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 954 | +\fBpg3\fR was written by Robert Olsson <robert.olsson@its.uu.se>.
|
|---|
| 955 | +.SH "SECURITY"
|
|---|
| 956 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 957 | +This can be used only by superuser.
|
|---|
| 958 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 959 | +This tool creates floods of packets which is unlikely to be handled
|
|---|
| 960 | +even by high-end machines. For example, it saturates gigabit link with
|
|---|
| 961 | +60 byte packets when used with Intel's e1000. In face of such stream
|
|---|
| 962 | +switches, routers and end hosts may deadlock, crash, explode.
|
|---|
| 963 | +Use only in test lab environment.
|
|---|
| 964 | +.SH "AVAILABILITY"
|
|---|
| 965 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 966 | +\fBpg3\fR is part of \fIiputils\fR package
|
|---|
| 967 | +and the latest versions are available in source form at
|
|---|
| 968 | +http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2.
|
|---|
| [ecc1136] | 969 | diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/ping.8 iputils-s20101006/doc/ping.8
|
|---|
| 970 | --- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/ping.8 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
|
|---|
| 971 | +++ iputils-s20101006/doc/ping.8 2011-01-08 20:09:50.986782167 -0500
|
|---|
| [8867e46] | 972 | @@ -0,0 +1,408 @@
|
|---|
| 973 | +.\" This manpage has been automatically generated by docbook2man
|
|---|
| 974 | +.\" from a DocBook document. This tool can be found at:
|
|---|
| 975 | +.\" <http://shell.ipoline.com/~elmert/comp/docbook2X/>
|
|---|
| 976 | +.\" Please send any bug reports, improvements, comments, patches,
|
|---|
| 977 | +.\" etc. to Steve Cheng <steve@ggi-project.org>.
|
|---|
| [ecc1136] | 978 | +.TH "PING" "8" "08 January 2011" "iputils-101006" "System Manager's Manual: iputils"
|
|---|
| [8867e46] | 979 | +.SH NAME
|
|---|
| 980 | +ping, ping6 \- send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
|
|---|
| 981 | +.SH SYNOPSIS
|
|---|
| 982 | +
|
|---|
| 983 | +\fBping\fR [\fB-LRUbdfnqrvVaAB\fR] [\fB-c \fIcount\fB\fR] [\fB-m \fImark\fB\fR] [\fB-i \fIinterval\fB\fR] [\fB-l \fIpreload\fB\fR] [\fB-p \fIpattern\fB\fR] [\fB-s \fIpacketsize\fB\fR] [\fB-t \fIttl\fB\fR] [\fB-w \fIdeadline\fB\fR] [\fB-F \fIflowlabel\fB\fR] [\fB-I \fIinterface\fB\fR] [\fB-M \fIhint\fB\fR] [\fB-N \fInioption\fB\fR] [\fB-Q \fItos\fB\fR] [\fB-S \fIsndbuf\fB\fR] [\fB-T \fItimestamp option\fB\fR] [\fB-W \fItimeout\fB\fR] [\fB\fIhop\fB\fR\fI ...\fR] \fB\fIdestination\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 984 | +
|
|---|
| 985 | +.SH "DESCRIPTION"
|
|---|
| 986 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 987 | +\fBping\fR uses the ICMP protocol's mandatory ECHO_REQUEST
|
|---|
| 988 | +datagram to elicit an ICMP ECHO_RESPONSE from a host or gateway.
|
|---|
| 989 | +ECHO_REQUEST datagrams (``pings'') have an IP and ICMP
|
|---|
| 990 | +header, followed by a struct timeval and then an arbitrary
|
|---|
| 991 | +number of ``pad'' bytes used to fill out the packet.
|
|---|
| 992 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 993 | +\fBping6\fR can also send Node Information Queries (RFC4620).
|
|---|
| 994 | +.SH "OPTIONS"
|
|---|
| 995 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 996 | +\fB-a\fR
|
|---|
| 997 | +Audible ping.
|
|---|
| 998 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 999 | +\fB-A\fR
|
|---|
| 1000 | +Adaptive ping. Interpacket interval adapts to round-trip time, so that
|
|---|
| 1001 | +effectively not more than one (or more, if preload is set) unanswered probes
|
|---|
| 1002 | +present in the network. Minimal interval is 200msec for not super-user.
|
|---|
| 1003 | +On networks with low rtt this mode is essentially equivalent to flood mode.
|
|---|
| 1004 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1005 | +\fB-b\fR
|
|---|
| 1006 | +Allow pinging a broadcast address.
|
|---|
| 1007 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1008 | +\fB-B\fR
|
|---|
| 1009 | +Do not allow \fBping\fR to change source address of probes.
|
|---|
| 1010 | +The address is bound to one selected when \fBping\fR starts.
|
|---|
| 1011 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1012 | +\fB-m \fImark\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 1013 | +use \fImark\fR to tag the packets going out. This is useful
|
|---|
| 1014 | +for variety of reasons within the kernel such as using policy
|
|---|
| 1015 | +routing to select specific outbound processing.
|
|---|
| 1016 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1017 | +\fB-c \fIcount\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 1018 | +Stop after sending \fIcount\fR ECHO_REQUEST
|
|---|
| 1019 | +packets. With
|
|---|
| 1020 | +\fIdeadline\fR
|
|---|
| 1021 | +option, \fBping\fR waits for
|
|---|
| 1022 | +\fIcount\fR ECHO_REPLY packets, until the timeout expires.
|
|---|
| 1023 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1024 | +\fB-d\fR
|
|---|
| 1025 | +Set the SO_DEBUG option on the socket being used.
|
|---|
| 1026 | +Essentially, this socket option is not used by Linux kernel.
|
|---|
| 1027 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1028 | +\fB-F \fIflow label\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 1029 | +Allocate and set 20 bit flow label on echo request packets.
|
|---|
| 1030 | +(Only \fBping6\fR). If value is zero, kernel allocates random flow label.
|
|---|
| 1031 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1032 | +\fB-f\fR
|
|---|
| 1033 | +Flood ping. For every ECHO_REQUEST sent a period ``.'' is printed,
|
|---|
| 1034 | +while for ever ECHO_REPLY received a backspace is printed.
|
|---|
| 1035 | +This provides a rapid display of how many packets are being dropped.
|
|---|
| 1036 | +If interval is not given, it sets interval to zero and
|
|---|
| 1037 | +outputs packets as fast as they come back or one hundred times per second,
|
|---|
| 1038 | +whichever is more.
|
|---|
| 1039 | +Only the super-user may use this option with zero interval.
|
|---|
| 1040 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1041 | +\fB-i \fIinterval\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 1042 | +Wait \fIinterval\fR seconds between sending each packet.
|
|---|
| 1043 | +The default is to wait for one second between each packet normally,
|
|---|
| 1044 | +or not to wait in flood mode. Only super-user may set interval
|
|---|
| 1045 | +to values less 0.2 seconds.
|
|---|
| 1046 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1047 | +\fB-I \fIinterface address\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 1048 | +Set source address to specified interface address. Argument
|
|---|
| 1049 | +may be numeric IP address or name of device. When pinging IPv6
|
|---|
| 1050 | +link-local address this option is required.
|
|---|
| 1051 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1052 | +\fB-l \fIpreload\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 1053 | +If \fIpreload\fR is specified,
|
|---|
| 1054 | +\fBping\fR sends that many packets not waiting for reply.
|
|---|
| 1055 | +Only the super-user may select preload more than 3.
|
|---|
| 1056 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1057 | +\fB-L\fR
|
|---|
| 1058 | +Suppress loopback of multicast packets. This flag only applies if the ping
|
|---|
| 1059 | +destination is a multicast address.
|
|---|
| 1060 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1061 | +\fB-N \fInioption\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 1062 | +Send ICMPv6 Node Information Queries (RFC4620), instead of Echo Request.
|
|---|
| 1063 | +.RS
|
|---|
| 1064 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1065 | +\fBname\fR
|
|---|
| 1066 | +Queries for Node Names.
|
|---|
| 1067 | +.RE
|
|---|
| 1068 | +.RS
|
|---|
| 1069 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1070 | +\fBipv6\fR
|
|---|
| 1071 | +Queries for IPv6 Addresses. There are several IPv6 specific flags.
|
|---|
| 1072 | +.RS
|
|---|
| 1073 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1074 | +\fBipv6-global\fR
|
|---|
| 1075 | +Request IPv6 global-scope addresses.
|
|---|
| 1076 | +.RE
|
|---|
| 1077 | +.RS
|
|---|
| 1078 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1079 | +\fBipv6-sitelocal\fR
|
|---|
| 1080 | +Request IPv6 site-local addresses.
|
|---|
| 1081 | +.RE
|
|---|
| 1082 | +.RS
|
|---|
| 1083 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1084 | +\fBipv6-linklocal\fR
|
|---|
| 1085 | +Request IPv6 link-local addresses.
|
|---|
| 1086 | +.RE
|
|---|
| 1087 | +.RS
|
|---|
| 1088 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1089 | +\fBipv6-all\fR
|
|---|
| 1090 | +Request IPv6 addresses on other interfaces.
|
|---|
| 1091 | +.RE
|
|---|
| 1092 | +.RE
|
|---|
| 1093 | +.RS
|
|---|
| 1094 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1095 | +\fBipv4\fR
|
|---|
| 1096 | +Queries for IPv4 Addresses. There is one IPv4 specific flag.
|
|---|
| 1097 | +.RS
|
|---|
| 1098 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1099 | +\fBipv4-all\fR
|
|---|
| 1100 | +Request IPv4 addresses on other interfaces.
|
|---|
| 1101 | +.RE
|
|---|
| 1102 | +.RE
|
|---|
| 1103 | +.RS
|
|---|
| 1104 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1105 | +\fBsubject-ipv6=\fIipv6addr\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 1106 | +IPv6 subject address.
|
|---|
| 1107 | +.RE
|
|---|
| 1108 | +.RS
|
|---|
| 1109 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1110 | +\fBsubject-ipv4=\fIipv4addr\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 1111 | +IPv4 subject address.
|
|---|
| 1112 | +.RE
|
|---|
| 1113 | +.RS
|
|---|
| 1114 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1115 | +\fBsubject-name=\fInodename\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 1116 | +Subject name. If it contains more than one dot,
|
|---|
| 1117 | +fully-qualified domain name is assumed.
|
|---|
| 1118 | +.RE
|
|---|
| 1119 | +.RS
|
|---|
| 1120 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1121 | +\fBsubject-fqdn=\fInodename\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 1122 | +Subject name. Fully-qualified domain name is
|
|---|
| 1123 | +always assumed.
|
|---|
| 1124 | +.RE
|
|---|
| 1125 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1126 | +\fB-n\fR
|
|---|
| 1127 | +Numeric output only.
|
|---|
| 1128 | +No attempt will be made to lookup symbolic names for host addresses.
|
|---|
| 1129 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1130 | +\fB-p \fIpattern\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 1131 | +You may specify up to 16 ``pad'' bytes to fill out the packet you send.
|
|---|
| 1132 | +This is useful for diagnosing data-dependent problems in a network.
|
|---|
| 1133 | +For example, \fB-p ff\fR will cause the sent packet
|
|---|
| 1134 | +to be filled with all ones.
|
|---|
| 1135 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1136 | +\fB-D\fR
|
|---|
| 1137 | +Print timestamp (unix time + microseconds as in gettimeofday) before
|
|---|
| 1138 | +each line.
|
|---|
| 1139 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1140 | +\fB-Q \fItos\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 1141 | +Set Quality of Service -related bits in ICMP datagrams.
|
|---|
| 1142 | +\fItos\fR can be either decimal or hex number.
|
|---|
| 1143 | +Traditionally (RFC1349), these have been interpreted as: 0 for reserved
|
|---|
| 1144 | +(currently being redefined as congestion control), 1-4 for Type of Service
|
|---|
| 1145 | +and 5-7 for Precedence.
|
|---|
| 1146 | +Possible settings for Type of Service are: minimal cost: 0x02,
|
|---|
| 1147 | +reliability: 0x04, throughput: 0x08, low delay: 0x10. Multiple TOS bits
|
|---|
| 1148 | +should not be set simultaneously. Possible settings for
|
|---|
| 1149 | +special Precedence range from priority (0x20) to net control (0xe0). You
|
|---|
| 1150 | +must be root (CAP_NET_ADMIN capability) to use Critical or
|
|---|
| 1151 | +higher precedence value. You cannot set
|
|---|
| 1152 | +bit 0x01 (reserved) unless ECN has been enabled in the kernel.
|
|---|
| 1153 | +In RFC2474, these fields has been redefined as 8-bit Differentiated
|
|---|
| 1154 | +Services (DS), consisting of: bits 0-1 of separate data (ECN will be used,
|
|---|
| 1155 | +here), and bits 2-7 of Differentiated Services Codepoint (DSCP).
|
|---|
| 1156 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1157 | +\fB-q\fR
|
|---|
| 1158 | +Quiet output.
|
|---|
| 1159 | +Nothing is displayed except the summary lines at startup time and
|
|---|
| 1160 | +when finished.
|
|---|
| 1161 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1162 | +\fB-R\fR
|
|---|
| 1163 | +Record route.
|
|---|
| 1164 | +Includes the RECORD_ROUTE option in the ECHO_REQUEST
|
|---|
| 1165 | +packet and displays the route buffer on returned packets.
|
|---|
| 1166 | +Note that the IP header is only large enough for nine such routes.
|
|---|
| 1167 | +Many hosts ignore or discard this option.
|
|---|
| 1168 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1169 | +\fB-r\fR
|
|---|
| 1170 | +Bypass the normal routing tables and send directly to a host on an attached
|
|---|
| 1171 | +interface.
|
|---|
| 1172 | +If the host is not on a directly-attached network, an error is returned.
|
|---|
| 1173 | +This option can be used to ping a local host through an interface
|
|---|
| 1174 | +that has no route through it provided the option \fB-I\fR is also
|
|---|
| 1175 | +used.
|
|---|
| 1176 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1177 | +\fB-s \fIpacketsize\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 1178 | +Specifies the number of data bytes to be sent.
|
|---|
| 1179 | +The default is 56, which translates into 64 ICMP
|
|---|
| 1180 | +data bytes when combined with the 8 bytes of ICMP header data.
|
|---|
| 1181 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1182 | +\fB-S \fIsndbuf\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 1183 | +Set socket sndbuf. If not specified, it is selected to buffer
|
|---|
| 1184 | +not more than one packet.
|
|---|
| 1185 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1186 | +\fB-t \fIttl\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 1187 | +Set the IP Time to Live.
|
|---|
| 1188 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1189 | +\fB-T \fItimestamp option\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 1190 | +Set special IP timestamp options.
|
|---|
| 1191 | +\fItimestamp option\fR may be either
|
|---|
| 1192 | +\fItsonly\fR (only timestamps),
|
|---|
| 1193 | +\fItsandaddr\fR (timestamps and addresses) or
|
|---|
| 1194 | +\fItsprespec host1 [host2 [host3 [host4]]]\fR
|
|---|
| 1195 | +(timestamp prespecified hops).
|
|---|
| 1196 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1197 | +\fB-M \fIhint\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 1198 | +Select Path MTU Discovery strategy.
|
|---|
| 1199 | +\fIhint\fR may be either \fIdo\fR
|
|---|
| 1200 | +(prohibit fragmentation, even local one),
|
|---|
| 1201 | +\fIwant\fR (do PMTU discovery, fragment locally when packet size
|
|---|
| 1202 | +is large), or \fIdont\fR (do not set DF flag).
|
|---|
| 1203 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1204 | +\fB-U\fR
|
|---|
| 1205 | +Print full user-to-user latency (the old behaviour). Normally
|
|---|
| 1206 | +\fBping\fR
|
|---|
| 1207 | +prints network round trip time, which can be different
|
|---|
| 1208 | +f.e. due to DNS failures.
|
|---|
| 1209 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1210 | +\fB-v\fR
|
|---|
| 1211 | +Verbose output.
|
|---|
| 1212 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1213 | +\fB-V\fR
|
|---|
| 1214 | +Show version and exit.
|
|---|
| 1215 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1216 | +\fB-w \fIdeadline\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 1217 | +Specify a timeout, in seconds, before
|
|---|
| 1218 | +\fBping\fR
|
|---|
| 1219 | +exits regardless of how many
|
|---|
| 1220 | +packets have been sent or received. In this case
|
|---|
| 1221 | +\fBping\fR
|
|---|
| 1222 | +does not stop after
|
|---|
| 1223 | +\fIcount\fR
|
|---|
| 1224 | +packet are sent, it waits either for
|
|---|
| 1225 | +\fIdeadline\fR
|
|---|
| 1226 | +expire or until
|
|---|
| 1227 | +\fIcount\fR
|
|---|
| 1228 | +probes are answered or for some error notification from network.
|
|---|
| 1229 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 1230 | +\fB-W \fItimeout\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 1231 | +Time to wait for a response, in seconds. The option affects only timeout
|
|---|
| 1232 | +in absense of any responses, otherwise \fBping\fR waits for two RTTs.
|
|---|
| 1233 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 1234 | +When using \fBping\fR for fault isolation, it should first be run
|
|---|
| 1235 | +on the local host, to verify that the local network interface is up
|
|---|
| 1236 | +and running. Then, hosts and gateways further and further away should be
|
|---|
| 1237 | +``pinged''. Round-trip times and packet loss statistics are computed.
|
|---|
| 1238 | +If duplicate packets are received, they are not included in the packet
|
|---|
| 1239 | +loss calculation, although the round trip time of these packets is used
|
|---|
| 1240 | +in calculating the minimum/average/maximum round-trip time numbers.
|
|---|
| 1241 | +When the specified number of packets have been sent (and received) or
|
|---|
| 1242 | +if the program is terminated with a
|
|---|
| 1243 | +SIGINT, a brief summary is displayed. Shorter current statistics
|
|---|
| 1244 | +can be obtained without termination of process with signal
|
|---|
| 1245 | +SIGQUIT.
|
|---|
| 1246 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 1247 | +If \fBping\fR does not receive any reply packets at all it will
|
|---|
| 1248 | +exit with code 1. If a packet
|
|---|
| 1249 | +\fIcount\fR
|
|---|
| 1250 | +and
|
|---|
| 1251 | +\fIdeadline\fR
|
|---|
| 1252 | +are both specified, and fewer than
|
|---|
| 1253 | +\fIcount\fR
|
|---|
| 1254 | +packets are received by the time the
|
|---|
| 1255 | +\fIdeadline\fR
|
|---|
| 1256 | +has arrived, it will also exit with code 1.
|
|---|
| 1257 | +On other error it exits with code 2. Otherwise it exits with code 0. This
|
|---|
| 1258 | +makes it possible to use the exit code to see if a host is alive or
|
|---|
| 1259 | +not.
|
|---|
| 1260 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 1261 | +This program is intended for use in network testing, measurement and
|
|---|
| 1262 | +management.
|
|---|
| 1263 | +Because of the load it can impose on the network, it is unwise to use
|
|---|
| 1264 | +\fBping\fR during normal operations or from automated scripts.
|
|---|
| 1265 | +.SH "ICMP PACKET DETAILS"
|
|---|
| 1266 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 1267 | +An IP header without options is 20 bytes.
|
|---|
| 1268 | +An ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packet contains an additional 8 bytes worth
|
|---|
| 1269 | +of ICMP header followed by an arbitrary amount of data.
|
|---|
| 1270 | +When a \fIpacketsize\fR is given, this indicated the size of this
|
|---|
| 1271 | +extra piece of data (the default is 56). Thus the amount of data received
|
|---|
| 1272 | +inside of an IP packet of type ICMP ECHO_REPLY will always be 8 bytes
|
|---|
| 1273 | +more than the requested data space (the ICMP header).
|
|---|
| 1274 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 1275 | +If the data space is at least of size of struct timeval
|
|---|
| 1276 | +\fBping\fR uses the beginning bytes of this space to include
|
|---|
| 1277 | +a timestamp which it uses in the computation of round trip times.
|
|---|
| 1278 | +If the data space is shorter, no round trip times are given.
|
|---|
| 1279 | +.SH "DUPLICATE AND DAMAGED PACKETS"
|
|---|
| 1280 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 1281 | +\fBping\fR will report duplicate and damaged packets.
|
|---|
| 1282 | +Duplicate packets should never occur, and seem to be caused by
|
|---|
| 1283 | +inappropriate link-level retransmissions.
|
|---|
| 1284 | +Duplicates may occur in many situations and are rarely (if ever) a
|
|---|
| 1285 | +good sign, although the presence of low levels of duplicates may not
|
|---|
| 1286 | +always be cause for alarm.
|
|---|
| 1287 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 1288 | +Damaged packets are obviously serious cause for alarm and often
|
|---|
| 1289 | +indicate broken hardware somewhere in the
|
|---|
| 1290 | +\fBping\fR packet's path (in the network or in the hosts).
|
|---|
| 1291 | +.SH "TRYING DIFFERENT DATA PATTERNS"
|
|---|
| 1292 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 1293 | +The (inter)network layer should never treat packets differently depending
|
|---|
| 1294 | +on the data contained in the data portion.
|
|---|
| 1295 | +Unfortunately, data-dependent problems have been known to sneak into
|
|---|
| 1296 | +networks and remain undetected for long periods of time.
|
|---|
| 1297 | +In many cases the particular pattern that will have problems is something
|
|---|
| 1298 | +that doesn't have sufficient ``transitions'', such as all ones or all
|
|---|
| 1299 | +zeros, or a pattern right at the edge, such as almost all zeros.
|
|---|
| 1300 | +It isn't necessarily enough to specify a data pattern of all zeros (for
|
|---|
| 1301 | +example) on the command line because the pattern that is of interest is
|
|---|
| 1302 | +at the data link level, and the relationship between what you type and
|
|---|
| 1303 | +what the controllers transmit can be complicated.
|
|---|
| 1304 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 1305 | +This means that if you have a data-dependent problem you will probably
|
|---|
| 1306 | +have to do a lot of testing to find it.
|
|---|
| 1307 | +If you are lucky, you may manage to find a file that either can't be sent
|
|---|
| 1308 | +across your network or that takes much longer to transfer than other
|
|---|
| 1309 | +similar length files.
|
|---|
| 1310 | +You can then examine this file for repeated patterns that you can test
|
|---|
| 1311 | +using the \fB-p\fR option of \fBping\fR.
|
|---|
| 1312 | +.SH "TTL DETAILS"
|
|---|
| 1313 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 1314 | +The TTL value of an IP packet represents the maximum number of IP routers
|
|---|
| 1315 | +that the packet can go through before being thrown away.
|
|---|
| 1316 | +In current practice you can expect each router in the Internet to decrement
|
|---|
| 1317 | +the TTL field by exactly one.
|
|---|
| 1318 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 1319 | +The TCP/IP specification states that the TTL field for TCP
|
|---|
| 1320 | +packets should be set to 60, but many systems use smaller values
|
|---|
| 1321 | +(4.3 BSD uses 30, 4.2 used 15).
|
|---|
| 1322 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 1323 | +The maximum possible value of this field is 255, and most Unix systems set
|
|---|
| 1324 | +the TTL field of ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to 255.
|
|---|
| 1325 | +This is why you will find you can ``ping'' some hosts, but not reach them
|
|---|
| 1326 | +with
|
|---|
| 1327 | +\fBtelnet\fR(1)
|
|---|
| 1328 | +or
|
|---|
| 1329 | +\fBftp\fR(1).
|
|---|
| 1330 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 1331 | +In normal operation ping prints the ttl value from the packet it receives.
|
|---|
| 1332 | +When a remote system receives a ping packet, it can do one of three things
|
|---|
| 1333 | +with the TTL field in its response:
|
|---|
| 1334 | +.TP 0.2i
|
|---|
| 1335 | +\(bu
|
|---|
| 1336 | +Not change it; this is what Berkeley Unix systems did before the
|
|---|
| 1337 | +4.3BSD Tahoe release. In this case the TTL value in the received packet
|
|---|
| 1338 | +will be 255 minus the number of routers in the round-trip path.
|
|---|
| 1339 | +.TP 0.2i
|
|---|
| 1340 | +\(bu
|
|---|
| 1341 | +Set it to 255; this is what current Berkeley Unix systems do.
|
|---|
| 1342 | +In this case the TTL value in the received packet will be 255 minus the
|
|---|
| 1343 | +number of routers in the path \fBfrom\fR
|
|---|
| 1344 | +the remote system \fBto\fR the \fBping\fRing host.
|
|---|
| 1345 | +.TP 0.2i
|
|---|
| 1346 | +\(bu
|
|---|
| 1347 | +Set it to some other value. Some machines use the same value for
|
|---|
| 1348 | +ICMP packets that they use for TCP packets, for example either 30 or 60.
|
|---|
| 1349 | +Others may use completely wild values.
|
|---|
| 1350 | +.SH "BUGS"
|
|---|
| 1351 | +.TP 0.2i
|
|---|
| 1352 | +\(bu
|
|---|
| 1353 | +Many Hosts and Gateways ignore the RECORD_ROUTE option.
|
|---|
| 1354 | +.TP 0.2i
|
|---|
| 1355 | +\(bu
|
|---|
| 1356 | +The maximum IP header length is too small for options like
|
|---|
| 1357 | +RECORD_ROUTE to be completely useful.
|
|---|
| 1358 | +There's not much that that can be done about this, however.
|
|---|
| 1359 | +.TP 0.2i
|
|---|
| 1360 | +\(bu
|
|---|
| 1361 | +Flood pinging is not recommended in general, and flood pinging the
|
|---|
| 1362 | +broadcast address should only be done under very controlled conditions.
|
|---|
| 1363 | +.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|---|
| 1364 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 1365 | +\fBnetstat\fR(1),
|
|---|
| 1366 | +\fBifconfig\fR(8).
|
|---|
| 1367 | +.SH "HISTORY"
|
|---|
| 1368 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 1369 | +The \fBping\fR command appeared in 4.3BSD.
|
|---|
| 1370 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 1371 | +The version described here is its descendant specific to Linux.
|
|---|
| 1372 | +.SH "SECURITY"
|
|---|
| 1373 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 1374 | +\fBping\fR requires CAP_NET_RAWIO capability
|
|---|
| 1375 | +to be executed. It may be used as set-uid root.
|
|---|
| 1376 | +.SH "AVAILABILITY"
|
|---|
| 1377 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 1378 | +\fBping\fR is part of \fIiputils\fR package
|
|---|
| 1379 | +and the latest versions are available in source form at
|
|---|
| 1380 | +http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2.
|
|---|
| [ecc1136] | 1381 | diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r1022.html iputils-s20101006/doc/r1022.html
|
|---|
| 1382 | --- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r1022.html 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
|
|---|
| 1383 | +++ iputils-s20101006/doc/r1022.html 2011-01-08 20:09:49.623373190 -0500
|
|---|
| [8867e46] | 1384 | @@ -0,0 +1,511 @@
|
|---|
| 1385 | +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
|
|---|
| 1386 | +<HTML
|
|---|
| 1387 | +><HEAD
|
|---|
| 1388 | +><TITLE
|
|---|
| 1389 | +>rdisc</TITLE
|
|---|
| 1390 | +><META
|
|---|
| 1391 | +NAME="GENERATOR"
|
|---|
| 1392 | +CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
|
|---|
| 1393 | +REL="HOME"
|
|---|
| 1394 | +TITLE="System Manager's Manual: iputils"
|
|---|
| 1395 | +HREF="index.html"><LINK
|
|---|
| 1396 | +REL="PREVIOUS"
|
|---|
| 1397 | +TITLE="tftpd"
|
|---|
| 1398 | +HREF="r949.html"><LINK
|
|---|
| 1399 | +REL="NEXT"
|
|---|
| 1400 | +TITLE="pg3"
|
|---|
| 1401 | +HREF="r1144.html"></HEAD
|
|---|
| 1402 | +><BODY
|
|---|
| 1403 | +CLASS="REFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 1404 | +BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
|---|
| 1405 | +TEXT="#000000"
|
|---|
| 1406 | +LINK="#0000FF"
|
|---|
| 1407 | +VLINK="#840084"
|
|---|
| 1408 | +ALINK="#0000FF"
|
|---|
| 1409 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 1410 | +CLASS="NAVHEADER"
|
|---|
| 1411 | +><TABLE
|
|---|
| 1412 | +SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
|
|---|
| 1413 | +WIDTH="100%"
|
|---|
| 1414 | +BORDER="0"
|
|---|
| 1415 | +CELLPADDING="0"
|
|---|
| 1416 | +CELLSPACING="0"
|
|---|
| 1417 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 1418 | +><TH
|
|---|
| 1419 | +COLSPAN="3"
|
|---|
| 1420 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 1421 | +>System Manager's Manual: iputils</TH
|
|---|
| 1422 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 1423 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 1424 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 1425 | +WIDTH="10%"
|
|---|
| 1426 | +ALIGN="left"
|
|---|
| 1427 | +VALIGN="bottom"
|
|---|
| 1428 | +><A
|
|---|
| 1429 | +HREF="r949.html"
|
|---|
| 1430 | +ACCESSKEY="P"
|
|---|
| 1431 | +>Prev</A
|
|---|
| 1432 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 1433 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 1434 | +WIDTH="80%"
|
|---|
| 1435 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 1436 | +VALIGN="bottom"
|
|---|
| 1437 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 1438 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 1439 | +WIDTH="10%"
|
|---|
| 1440 | +ALIGN="right"
|
|---|
| 1441 | +VALIGN="bottom"
|
|---|
| 1442 | +><A
|
|---|
| 1443 | +HREF="r1144.html"
|
|---|
| 1444 | +ACCESSKEY="N"
|
|---|
| 1445 | +>Next</A
|
|---|
| 1446 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 1447 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 1448 | +></TABLE
|
|---|
| 1449 | +><HR
|
|---|
| 1450 | +ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|---|
| 1451 | +WIDTH="100%"></DIV
|
|---|
| 1452 | +><H1
|
|---|
| 1453 | +><A
|
|---|
| 1454 | +NAME="RDISC"
|
|---|
| 1455 | +></A
|
|---|
| 1456 | +>rdisc</H1
|
|---|
| 1457 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 1458 | +CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
|
|---|
| 1459 | +><A
|
|---|
| 1460 | +NAME="AEN1027"
|
|---|
| 1461 | +></A
|
|---|
| 1462 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 1463 | +>Name</H2
|
|---|
| 1464 | +>rdisc -- network router discovery daemon</DIV
|
|---|
| 1465 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 1466 | +CLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
|
|---|
| 1467 | +><A
|
|---|
| 1468 | +NAME="AEN1030"
|
|---|
| 1469 | +></A
|
|---|
| 1470 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 1471 | +>Synopsis</H2
|
|---|
| 1472 | +><P
|
|---|
| 1473 | +><B
|
|---|
| 1474 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 1475 | +>rdisc</B
|
|---|
| 1476 | +> [<CODE
|
|---|
| 1477 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 1478 | +>-abdfstvV</CODE
|
|---|
| 1479 | +>] [<TT
|
|---|
| 1480 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 1481 | +><I
|
|---|
| 1482 | +>send_address</I
|
|---|
| 1483 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 1484 | +>] [<TT
|
|---|
| 1485 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 1486 | +><I
|
|---|
| 1487 | +>receive_address</I
|
|---|
| 1488 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 1489 | +>]</P
|
|---|
| 1490 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 1491 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 1492 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 1493 | +><A
|
|---|
| 1494 | +NAME="AEN1039"
|
|---|
| 1495 | +></A
|
|---|
| 1496 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 1497 | +>DESCRIPTION</H2
|
|---|
| 1498 | +><P
|
|---|
| 1499 | +><B
|
|---|
| 1500 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 1501 | +>rdisc</B
|
|---|
| 1502 | +> implements client side of the ICMP router discover protocol.
|
|---|
| 1503 | +<B
|
|---|
| 1504 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 1505 | +>rdisc</B
|
|---|
| 1506 | +> is invoked at boot time to populate the network
|
|---|
| 1507 | +routing tables with default routes. </P
|
|---|
| 1508 | +><P
|
|---|
| 1509 | +><B
|
|---|
| 1510 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 1511 | +>rdisc</B
|
|---|
| 1512 | +> listens on the ALL_HOSTS (224.0.0.1) multicast address
|
|---|
| 1513 | +(or <TT
|
|---|
| 1514 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 1515 | +><I
|
|---|
| 1516 | +>receive_address</I
|
|---|
| 1517 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 1518 | +> provided it is given)
|
|---|
| 1519 | +for ROUTER_ADVERTISE messages from routers. The received
|
|---|
| 1520 | +messages are handled by first ignoring those listed router addresses
|
|---|
| 1521 | +with which the host does not share a network. Among the remaining addresses
|
|---|
| 1522 | +the ones with the highest preference are selected as default routers
|
|---|
| 1523 | +and a default route is entered in the kernel routing table
|
|---|
| 1524 | +for each one of them.</P
|
|---|
| 1525 | +><P
|
|---|
| 1526 | +>Optionally, <B
|
|---|
| 1527 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 1528 | +>rdisc</B
|
|---|
| 1529 | +> can avoid waiting for routers to announce
|
|---|
| 1530 | +themselves by sending out a few ROUTER_SOLICITATION messages
|
|---|
| 1531 | +to the ALL_ROUTERS (224.0.0.2) multicast address
|
|---|
| 1532 | +(or <TT
|
|---|
| 1533 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 1534 | +><I
|
|---|
| 1535 | +>send_address</I
|
|---|
| 1536 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 1537 | +> provided it is given)
|
|---|
| 1538 | +when it is started.</P
|
|---|
| 1539 | +><P
|
|---|
| 1540 | +>A timer is associated with each router address and the address will
|
|---|
| 1541 | +no longer be considered for inclusion in the the routing tables if the
|
|---|
| 1542 | +timer expires before a new
|
|---|
| 1543 | +<SPAN
|
|---|
| 1544 | +CLASS="emphasis"
|
|---|
| 1545 | +><I
|
|---|
| 1546 | +CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
|---|
| 1547 | +>advertise</I
|
|---|
| 1548 | +></SPAN
|
|---|
| 1549 | +> message is received from the router.
|
|---|
| 1550 | +The address will also be excluded from consideration if the host receives an
|
|---|
| 1551 | +<SPAN
|
|---|
| 1552 | +CLASS="emphasis"
|
|---|
| 1553 | +><I
|
|---|
| 1554 | +CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
|---|
| 1555 | +>advertise</I
|
|---|
| 1556 | +></SPAN
|
|---|
| 1557 | +>
|
|---|
| 1558 | +message with the preference being maximally negative.</P
|
|---|
| 1559 | +><P
|
|---|
| 1560 | +>Server side of router discovery protocol is supported by Cisco IOS
|
|---|
| 1561 | +and by any more or less complete UNIX routing daemon, f.e <B
|
|---|
| 1562 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 1563 | +>gated</B
|
|---|
| 1564 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 1565 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 1566 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 1567 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 1568 | +><A
|
|---|
| 1569 | +NAME="AEN1055"
|
|---|
| 1570 | +></A
|
|---|
| 1571 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 1572 | +>OPTIONS</H2
|
|---|
| 1573 | +><P
|
|---|
| 1574 | +></P
|
|---|
| 1575 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 1576 | +CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
|
|---|
| 1577 | +><DL
|
|---|
| 1578 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 1579 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 1580 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 1581 | +>-a</CODE
|
|---|
| 1582 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 1583 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 1584 | +><P
|
|---|
| 1585 | +>Accept all routers independently of the preference they have in their
|
|---|
| 1586 | +<SPAN
|
|---|
| 1587 | +CLASS="emphasis"
|
|---|
| 1588 | +><I
|
|---|
| 1589 | +CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
|---|
| 1590 | +>advertise</I
|
|---|
| 1591 | +></SPAN
|
|---|
| 1592 | +> messages.
|
|---|
| 1593 | +Normally <B
|
|---|
| 1594 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 1595 | +>rdisc</B
|
|---|
| 1596 | +> only accepts (and enters in the kernel routing
|
|---|
| 1597 | +tables) the router or routers with the highest preference.
|
|---|
| 1598 | + </P
|
|---|
| 1599 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 1600 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 1601 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 1602 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 1603 | +>-b</CODE
|
|---|
| 1604 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 1605 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 1606 | +><P
|
|---|
| 1607 | +>Opposite to <CODE
|
|---|
| 1608 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 1609 | +>-a</CODE
|
|---|
| 1610 | +>, i.e. install only router with the best
|
|---|
| 1611 | +preference value. It is default behaviour.
|
|---|
| 1612 | + </P
|
|---|
| 1613 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 1614 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 1615 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 1616 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 1617 | +>-d</CODE
|
|---|
| 1618 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 1619 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 1620 | +><P
|
|---|
| 1621 | +>Send debugging messages to syslog.
|
|---|
| 1622 | + </P
|
|---|
| 1623 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 1624 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 1625 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 1626 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 1627 | +>-f</CODE
|
|---|
| 1628 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 1629 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 1630 | +><P
|
|---|
| 1631 | +>Run <B
|
|---|
| 1632 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 1633 | +>rdisc</B
|
|---|
| 1634 | +> forever even if no routers are found.
|
|---|
| 1635 | +Normally <B
|
|---|
| 1636 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 1637 | +>rdisc</B
|
|---|
| 1638 | +> gives up if it has not received any
|
|---|
| 1639 | +<SPAN
|
|---|
| 1640 | +CLASS="emphasis"
|
|---|
| 1641 | +><I
|
|---|
| 1642 | +CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
|---|
| 1643 | +>advertise</I
|
|---|
| 1644 | +></SPAN
|
|---|
| 1645 | +> message after after soliciting three times,
|
|---|
| 1646 | +in which case it exits with a non-zero exit code.
|
|---|
| 1647 | +If <CODE
|
|---|
| 1648 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 1649 | +>-f</CODE
|
|---|
| 1650 | +> is not specified in the first form then
|
|---|
| 1651 | +<CODE
|
|---|
| 1652 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 1653 | +>-s</CODE
|
|---|
| 1654 | +> must be specified.
|
|---|
| 1655 | + </P
|
|---|
| 1656 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 1657 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 1658 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 1659 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 1660 | +>-s</CODE
|
|---|
| 1661 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 1662 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 1663 | +><P
|
|---|
| 1664 | +>Send three <SPAN
|
|---|
| 1665 | +CLASS="emphasis"
|
|---|
| 1666 | +><I
|
|---|
| 1667 | +CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
|---|
| 1668 | +>solicitation</I
|
|---|
| 1669 | +></SPAN
|
|---|
| 1670 | +> messages initially to quickly discover
|
|---|
| 1671 | +the routers when the system is booted.
|
|---|
| 1672 | +When <CODE
|
|---|
| 1673 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 1674 | +>-s</CODE
|
|---|
| 1675 | +> is specified <B
|
|---|
| 1676 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 1677 | +>rdisc</B
|
|---|
| 1678 | +>
|
|---|
| 1679 | +exits with a non-zero exit code if it can not find any routers.
|
|---|
| 1680 | +This can be overridden with the <CODE
|
|---|
| 1681 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 1682 | +>-f</CODE
|
|---|
| 1683 | +> option.
|
|---|
| 1684 | + </P
|
|---|
| 1685 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 1686 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 1687 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 1688 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 1689 | +>-t</CODE
|
|---|
| 1690 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 1691 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 1692 | +><P
|
|---|
| 1693 | +>Test mode. Do not go to background.
|
|---|
| 1694 | + </P
|
|---|
| 1695 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 1696 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 1697 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 1698 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 1699 | +>-v</CODE
|
|---|
| 1700 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 1701 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 1702 | +><P
|
|---|
| 1703 | +>Be verbose i.e. send lots of debugging messages to syslog.
|
|---|
| 1704 | + </P
|
|---|
| 1705 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 1706 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 1707 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 1708 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 1709 | +>-V</CODE
|
|---|
| 1710 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 1711 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 1712 | +><P
|
|---|
| 1713 | +>Print version and exit.
|
|---|
| 1714 | + </P
|
|---|
| 1715 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 1716 | +></DL
|
|---|
| 1717 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 1718 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 1719 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 1720 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 1721 | +><A
|
|---|
| 1722 | +NAME="AEN1110"
|
|---|
| 1723 | +></A
|
|---|
| 1724 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 1725 | +>HISTORY</H2
|
|---|
| 1726 | +><P
|
|---|
| 1727 | +>This program was developed by Sun Microsystems (see copyright
|
|---|
| 1728 | +notice in source file). It was ported to Linux by
|
|---|
| 1729 | +<A
|
|---|
| 1730 | +HREF="mailto:kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru"
|
|---|
| 1731 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 1732 | +>Alexey Kuznetsov
|
|---|
| 1733 | +<kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru></A
|
|---|
| 1734 | +>.
|
|---|
| 1735 | +It is now maintained by
|
|---|
| 1736 | +<A
|
|---|
| 1737 | +HREF="mailto:yoshfuji@skbuff.net"
|
|---|
| 1738 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 1739 | +>YOSHIFUJI Hideaki
|
|---|
| 1740 | +<yoshfuji@skbuff.net></A
|
|---|
| 1741 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 1742 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 1743 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 1744 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 1745 | +><A
|
|---|
| 1746 | +NAME="AEN1115"
|
|---|
| 1747 | +></A
|
|---|
| 1748 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 1749 | +>SEE ALSO</H2
|
|---|
| 1750 | +><P
|
|---|
| 1751 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 1752 | +CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 1753 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 1754 | +CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|---|
| 1755 | +>icmp</SPAN
|
|---|
| 1756 | +>(7)</SPAN
|
|---|
| 1757 | +>,
|
|---|
| 1758 | +<SPAN
|
|---|
| 1759 | +CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 1760 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 1761 | +CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|---|
| 1762 | +>inet</SPAN
|
|---|
| 1763 | +>(7)</SPAN
|
|---|
| 1764 | +>,
|
|---|
| 1765 | +<A
|
|---|
| 1766 | +HREF="r3.html"
|
|---|
| 1767 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 1768 | +CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 1769 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 1770 | +CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|---|
| 1771 | +>ping</SPAN
|
|---|
| 1772 | +>(8)</SPAN
|
|---|
| 1773 | +></A
|
|---|
| 1774 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 1775 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 1776 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 1777 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 1778 | +><A
|
|---|
| 1779 | +NAME="AEN1128"
|
|---|
| 1780 | +></A
|
|---|
| 1781 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 1782 | +>REFERENCES</H2
|
|---|
| 1783 | +><P
|
|---|
| 1784 | +>Deering, S.E.,ed "ICMP Router Discovery Messages",
|
|---|
| 1785 | +<A
|
|---|
| 1786 | +HREF="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1256.txt"
|
|---|
| 1787 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 1788 | +>RFC1256</A
|
|---|
| 1789 | +>, Network Information Center, SRI International,
|
|---|
| 1790 | +Menlo Park, Calif., September 1991.</P
|
|---|
| 1791 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 1792 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 1793 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 1794 | +><A
|
|---|
| 1795 | +NAME="AEN1132"
|
|---|
| 1796 | +></A
|
|---|
| 1797 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 1798 | +>SECURITY</H2
|
|---|
| 1799 | +><P
|
|---|
| 1800 | +><B
|
|---|
| 1801 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 1802 | +>rdisc</B
|
|---|
| 1803 | +> requires <CODE
|
|---|
| 1804 | +CLASS="CONSTANT"
|
|---|
| 1805 | +>CAP_NET_RAWIO</CODE
|
|---|
| 1806 | +> to listen
|
|---|
| 1807 | +and send ICMP messages and capability <CODE
|
|---|
| 1808 | +CLASS="CONSTANT"
|
|---|
| 1809 | +>CAP_NET_ADMIN</CODE
|
|---|
| 1810 | +>
|
|---|
| 1811 | +to update routing tables. </P
|
|---|
| 1812 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 1813 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 1814 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 1815 | +><A
|
|---|
| 1816 | +NAME="AEN1138"
|
|---|
| 1817 | +></A
|
|---|
| 1818 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 1819 | +>AVAILABILITY</H2
|
|---|
| 1820 | +><P
|
|---|
| 1821 | +><B
|
|---|
| 1822 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 1823 | +>rdisc</B
|
|---|
| 1824 | +> is part of <TT
|
|---|
| 1825 | +CLASS="FILENAME"
|
|---|
| 1826 | +>iputils</TT
|
|---|
| 1827 | +> package
|
|---|
| 1828 | +and the latest versions are available in source form at
|
|---|
| 1829 | +<A
|
|---|
| 1830 | +HREF="http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2"
|
|---|
| 1831 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 1832 | +>http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2</A
|
|---|
| 1833 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 1834 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 1835 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 1836 | +CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
|---|
| 1837 | +><HR
|
|---|
| 1838 | +ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|---|
| 1839 | +WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
|
|---|
| 1840 | +SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
|
|---|
| 1841 | +WIDTH="100%"
|
|---|
| 1842 | +BORDER="0"
|
|---|
| 1843 | +CELLPADDING="0"
|
|---|
| 1844 | +CELLSPACING="0"
|
|---|
| 1845 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 1846 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 1847 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 1848 | +ALIGN="left"
|
|---|
| 1849 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 1850 | +><A
|
|---|
| 1851 | +HREF="r949.html"
|
|---|
| 1852 | +ACCESSKEY="P"
|
|---|
| 1853 | +>Prev</A
|
|---|
| 1854 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 1855 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 1856 | +WIDTH="34%"
|
|---|
| 1857 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 1858 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 1859 | +><A
|
|---|
| 1860 | +HREF="index.html"
|
|---|
| 1861 | +ACCESSKEY="H"
|
|---|
| 1862 | +>Home</A
|
|---|
| 1863 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 1864 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 1865 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 1866 | +ALIGN="right"
|
|---|
| 1867 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 1868 | +><A
|
|---|
| 1869 | +HREF="r1144.html"
|
|---|
| 1870 | +ACCESSKEY="N"
|
|---|
| 1871 | +>Next</A
|
|---|
| 1872 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 1873 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 1874 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 1875 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 1876 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 1877 | +ALIGN="left"
|
|---|
| 1878 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 1879 | +>tftpd</TD
|
|---|
| 1880 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 1881 | +WIDTH="34%"
|
|---|
| 1882 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 1883 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 1884 | +> </TD
|
|---|
| 1885 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 1886 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 1887 | +ALIGN="right"
|
|---|
| 1888 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 1889 | +>pg3</TD
|
|---|
| 1890 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 1891 | +></TABLE
|
|---|
| 1892 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 1893 | +></BODY
|
|---|
| 1894 | +></HTML
|
|---|
| 1895 | +>
|
|---|
| 1896 | \ No newline at end of file
|
|---|
| [ecc1136] | 1897 | diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r1144.html iputils-s20101006/doc/r1144.html
|
|---|
| 1898 | --- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r1144.html 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
|
|---|
| 1899 | +++ iputils-s20101006/doc/r1144.html 2011-01-08 20:09:49.631531431 -0500
|
|---|
| [8867e46] | 1900 | @@ -0,0 +1,428 @@
|
|---|
| 1901 | +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
|
|---|
| 1902 | +<HTML
|
|---|
| 1903 | +><HEAD
|
|---|
| 1904 | +><TITLE
|
|---|
| 1905 | +>pg3</TITLE
|
|---|
| 1906 | +><META
|
|---|
| 1907 | +NAME="GENERATOR"
|
|---|
| 1908 | +CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
|
|---|
| 1909 | +REL="HOME"
|
|---|
| 1910 | +TITLE="System Manager's Manual: iputils"
|
|---|
| 1911 | +HREF="index.html"><LINK
|
|---|
| 1912 | +REL="PREVIOUS"
|
|---|
| 1913 | +TITLE="rdisc"
|
|---|
| 1914 | +HREF="r1022.html"></HEAD
|
|---|
| 1915 | +><BODY
|
|---|
| 1916 | +CLASS="REFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 1917 | +BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
|---|
| 1918 | +TEXT="#000000"
|
|---|
| 1919 | +LINK="#0000FF"
|
|---|
| 1920 | +VLINK="#840084"
|
|---|
| 1921 | +ALINK="#0000FF"
|
|---|
| 1922 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 1923 | +CLASS="NAVHEADER"
|
|---|
| 1924 | +><TABLE
|
|---|
| 1925 | +SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
|
|---|
| 1926 | +WIDTH="100%"
|
|---|
| 1927 | +BORDER="0"
|
|---|
| 1928 | +CELLPADDING="0"
|
|---|
| 1929 | +CELLSPACING="0"
|
|---|
| 1930 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 1931 | +><TH
|
|---|
| 1932 | +COLSPAN="3"
|
|---|
| 1933 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 1934 | +>System Manager's Manual: iputils</TH
|
|---|
| 1935 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 1936 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 1937 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 1938 | +WIDTH="10%"
|
|---|
| 1939 | +ALIGN="left"
|
|---|
| 1940 | +VALIGN="bottom"
|
|---|
| 1941 | +><A
|
|---|
| 1942 | +HREF="r1022.html"
|
|---|
| 1943 | +ACCESSKEY="P"
|
|---|
| 1944 | +>Prev</A
|
|---|
| 1945 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 1946 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 1947 | +WIDTH="80%"
|
|---|
| 1948 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 1949 | +VALIGN="bottom"
|
|---|
| 1950 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 1951 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 1952 | +WIDTH="10%"
|
|---|
| 1953 | +ALIGN="right"
|
|---|
| 1954 | +VALIGN="bottom"
|
|---|
| 1955 | +> </TD
|
|---|
| 1956 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 1957 | +></TABLE
|
|---|
| 1958 | +><HR
|
|---|
| 1959 | +ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|---|
| 1960 | +WIDTH="100%"></DIV
|
|---|
| 1961 | +><H1
|
|---|
| 1962 | +><A
|
|---|
| 1963 | +NAME="PG3"
|
|---|
| 1964 | +></A
|
|---|
| 1965 | +>pg3</H1
|
|---|
| 1966 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 1967 | +CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
|
|---|
| 1968 | +><A
|
|---|
| 1969 | +NAME="AEN1149"
|
|---|
| 1970 | +></A
|
|---|
| 1971 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 1972 | +>Name</H2
|
|---|
| 1973 | +>pg3, ipg, pgset -- send stream of UDP packets</DIV
|
|---|
| 1974 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 1975 | +CLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
|
|---|
| 1976 | +><A
|
|---|
| 1977 | +NAME="AEN1152"
|
|---|
| 1978 | +></A
|
|---|
| 1979 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 1980 | +>Synopsis</H2
|
|---|
| 1981 | +><P
|
|---|
| 1982 | +><B
|
|---|
| 1983 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 1984 | +>source ipg</B
|
|---|
| 1985 | +> </P
|
|---|
| 1986 | +><P
|
|---|
| 1987 | +><B
|
|---|
| 1988 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 1989 | +>pg</B
|
|---|
| 1990 | +> </P
|
|---|
| 1991 | +><P
|
|---|
| 1992 | +><B
|
|---|
| 1993 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 1994 | +>pgset</B
|
|---|
| 1995 | +> {<TT
|
|---|
| 1996 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 1997 | +><I
|
|---|
| 1998 | +>COMMAND</I
|
|---|
| 1999 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2000 | +>}</P
|
|---|
| 2001 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 2002 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 2003 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 2004 | +><A
|
|---|
| 2005 | +NAME="AEN1161"
|
|---|
| 2006 | +></A
|
|---|
| 2007 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 2008 | +>DESCRIPTION</H2
|
|---|
| 2009 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2010 | +><B
|
|---|
| 2011 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 2012 | +>ipg</B
|
|---|
| 2013 | +> is not a program, it is script which should be sourced
|
|---|
| 2014 | +to <B
|
|---|
| 2015 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 2016 | +>bash</B
|
|---|
| 2017 | +>. When sourced it loads module <TT
|
|---|
| 2018 | +CLASS="FILENAME"
|
|---|
| 2019 | +>pg3</TT
|
|---|
| 2020 | +> and
|
|---|
| 2021 | +exports a few of functions accessible from parent shell. These macros
|
|---|
| 2022 | +are <B
|
|---|
| 2023 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 2024 | +>pg</B
|
|---|
| 2025 | +> to start packet injection and to get the results of run;
|
|---|
| 2026 | +and <B
|
|---|
| 2027 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 2028 | +>pgset</B
|
|---|
| 2029 | +> to setup packet generator.</P
|
|---|
| 2030 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2031 | +><B
|
|---|
| 2032 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 2033 | +>pgset</B
|
|---|
| 2034 | +> can send the following commands to module <TT
|
|---|
| 2035 | +CLASS="FILENAME"
|
|---|
| 2036 | +>pg3</TT
|
|---|
| 2037 | +>:</P
|
|---|
| 2038 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 2039 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 2040 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 2041 | +><A
|
|---|
| 2042 | +NAME="AEN1172"
|
|---|
| 2043 | +></A
|
|---|
| 2044 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 2045 | +>COMMAND</H2
|
|---|
| 2046 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2047 | +></P
|
|---|
| 2048 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 2049 | +CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
|
|---|
| 2050 | +><DL
|
|---|
| 2051 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2052 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2053 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2054 | +>odev <TT
|
|---|
| 2055 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2056 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2057 | +>DEVICE</I
|
|---|
| 2058 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2059 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 2060 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2061 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2062 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2063 | +>Name of Ethernet device to test. See
|
|---|
| 2064 | +<A
|
|---|
| 2065 | +HREF="r1144.html#PG3.WARNING"
|
|---|
| 2066 | +>warning</A
|
|---|
| 2067 | +> below.
|
|---|
| 2068 | + </P
|
|---|
| 2069 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2070 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2071 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2072 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2073 | +>pkt_size <TT
|
|---|
| 2074 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2075 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2076 | +>BYTES</I
|
|---|
| 2077 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2078 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 2079 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2080 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2081 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2082 | +>Size of packet to generate. The size includes all the headers: UDP, IP,
|
|---|
| 2083 | +MAC, but does not account for overhead internal to medium, i.e. FCS
|
|---|
| 2084 | +and various paddings.
|
|---|
| 2085 | + </P
|
|---|
| 2086 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2087 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2088 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2089 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2090 | +>frags <TT
|
|---|
| 2091 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2092 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2093 | +>NUMBER</I
|
|---|
| 2094 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2095 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 2096 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2097 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2098 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2099 | +>Each packet will contain <TT
|
|---|
| 2100 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2101 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2102 | +>NUMBER</I
|
|---|
| 2103 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2104 | +> of fragments.
|
|---|
| 2105 | +Maximal amount for linux-2.4 is 6. Far not all the devices support
|
|---|
| 2106 | +fragmented buffers.
|
|---|
| 2107 | + </P
|
|---|
| 2108 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2109 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2110 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2111 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2112 | +>count <TT
|
|---|
| 2113 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2114 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2115 | +>NUMBER</I
|
|---|
| 2116 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2117 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 2118 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2119 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2120 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2121 | +>Send stream of <TT
|
|---|
| 2122 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2123 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2124 | +>NUMBER</I
|
|---|
| 2125 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2126 | +> of packets and stop after this.
|
|---|
| 2127 | + </P
|
|---|
| 2128 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2129 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2130 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2131 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2132 | +>ipg <TT
|
|---|
| 2133 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2134 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2135 | +>TIME</I
|
|---|
| 2136 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2137 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 2138 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2139 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2140 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2141 | +>Introduce artificial delay between packets of <TT
|
|---|
| 2142 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2143 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2144 | +>TIME</I
|
|---|
| 2145 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2146 | +>
|
|---|
| 2147 | +microseconds.
|
|---|
| 2148 | + </P
|
|---|
| 2149 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2150 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2151 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2152 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2153 | +>dst <TT
|
|---|
| 2154 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2155 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2156 | +>IP_ADDRESS</I
|
|---|
| 2157 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2158 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 2159 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2160 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2161 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2162 | +>Select IP destination where the stream is sent to.
|
|---|
| 2163 | +Beware, never set this address at random. <B
|
|---|
| 2164 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 2165 | +>pg3</B
|
|---|
| 2166 | +> is not a toy,
|
|---|
| 2167 | +it creates really tough stream. Default value is 0.0.0.0.
|
|---|
| 2168 | + </P
|
|---|
| 2169 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2170 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2171 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2172 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2173 | +>dst <TT
|
|---|
| 2174 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2175 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2176 | +>MAC_ADDRESS</I
|
|---|
| 2177 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2178 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 2179 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2180 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2181 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2182 | +>Select MAC destination where the stream is sent to.
|
|---|
| 2183 | +Default value is 00:00:00:00:00:00 in hope that this will not be received
|
|---|
| 2184 | +by any node on LAN.
|
|---|
| 2185 | + </P
|
|---|
| 2186 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2187 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2188 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2189 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2190 | +>stop</CODE
|
|---|
| 2191 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2192 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2193 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2194 | +>Abort packet injection.
|
|---|
| 2195 | + </P
|
|---|
| 2196 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2197 | +></DL
|
|---|
| 2198 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 2199 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 2200 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 2201 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 2202 | +><A
|
|---|
| 2203 | +NAME="PG3.WARNING"
|
|---|
| 2204 | +></A
|
|---|
| 2205 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 2206 | +>WARNING</H2
|
|---|
| 2207 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2208 | +>When output device is set to some random device different
|
|---|
| 2209 | +of hardware Ethernet device, <B
|
|---|
| 2210 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 2211 | +>pg3</B
|
|---|
| 2212 | +> will crash kernel.</P
|
|---|
| 2213 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2214 | +>Do not use it on VLAN, ethertap, VTUN and other devices,
|
|---|
| 2215 | +which emulate Ethernet not being real Ethernet in fact.</P
|
|---|
| 2216 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 2217 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 2218 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 2219 | +><A
|
|---|
| 2220 | +NAME="AEN1232"
|
|---|
| 2221 | +></A
|
|---|
| 2222 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 2223 | +>AUTHOR</H2
|
|---|
| 2224 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2225 | +><B
|
|---|
| 2226 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 2227 | +>pg3</B
|
|---|
| 2228 | +> was written by <A
|
|---|
| 2229 | +HREF="mailto:robert.olsson@its.uu.se"
|
|---|
| 2230 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 2231 | +>Robert Olsson <robert.olsson@its.uu.se></A
|
|---|
| 2232 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 2233 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 2234 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 2235 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 2236 | +><A
|
|---|
| 2237 | +NAME="AEN1237"
|
|---|
| 2238 | +></A
|
|---|
| 2239 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 2240 | +>SECURITY</H2
|
|---|
| 2241 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2242 | +>This can be used only by superuser.</P
|
|---|
| 2243 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2244 | +>This tool creates floods of packets which is unlikely to be handled
|
|---|
| 2245 | +even by high-end machines. For example, it saturates gigabit link with
|
|---|
| 2246 | +60 byte packets when used with Intel's e1000. In face of such stream
|
|---|
| 2247 | +switches, routers and end hosts may deadlock, crash, explode.
|
|---|
| 2248 | +Use only in test lab environment.</P
|
|---|
| 2249 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 2250 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 2251 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 2252 | +><A
|
|---|
| 2253 | +NAME="AEN1241"
|
|---|
| 2254 | +></A
|
|---|
| 2255 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 2256 | +>AVAILABILITY</H2
|
|---|
| 2257 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2258 | +><B
|
|---|
| 2259 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 2260 | +>pg3</B
|
|---|
| 2261 | +> is part of <TT
|
|---|
| 2262 | +CLASS="FILENAME"
|
|---|
| 2263 | +>iputils</TT
|
|---|
| 2264 | +> package
|
|---|
| 2265 | +and the latest versions are available in source form at
|
|---|
| 2266 | +<A
|
|---|
| 2267 | +HREF="http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2"
|
|---|
| 2268 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 2269 | +>http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2</A
|
|---|
| 2270 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 2271 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 2272 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 2273 | +CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
|---|
| 2274 | +><HR
|
|---|
| 2275 | +ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|---|
| 2276 | +WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
|
|---|
| 2277 | +SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
|
|---|
| 2278 | +WIDTH="100%"
|
|---|
| 2279 | +BORDER="0"
|
|---|
| 2280 | +CELLPADDING="0"
|
|---|
| 2281 | +CELLSPACING="0"
|
|---|
| 2282 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 2283 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 2284 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 2285 | +ALIGN="left"
|
|---|
| 2286 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 2287 | +><A
|
|---|
| 2288 | +HREF="r1022.html"
|
|---|
| 2289 | +ACCESSKEY="P"
|
|---|
| 2290 | +>Prev</A
|
|---|
| 2291 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 2292 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 2293 | +WIDTH="34%"
|
|---|
| 2294 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 2295 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 2296 | +><A
|
|---|
| 2297 | +HREF="index.html"
|
|---|
| 2298 | +ACCESSKEY="H"
|
|---|
| 2299 | +>Home</A
|
|---|
| 2300 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 2301 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 2302 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 2303 | +ALIGN="right"
|
|---|
| 2304 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 2305 | +> </TD
|
|---|
| 2306 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 2307 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 2308 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 2309 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 2310 | +ALIGN="left"
|
|---|
| 2311 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 2312 | +>rdisc</TD
|
|---|
| 2313 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 2314 | +WIDTH="34%"
|
|---|
| 2315 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 2316 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 2317 | +> </TD
|
|---|
| 2318 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 2319 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 2320 | +ALIGN="right"
|
|---|
| 2321 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 2322 | +> </TD
|
|---|
| 2323 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 2324 | +></TABLE
|
|---|
| 2325 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 2326 | +></BODY
|
|---|
| 2327 | +></HTML
|
|---|
| 2328 | +>
|
|---|
| 2329 | \ No newline at end of file
|
|---|
| [ecc1136] | 2330 | diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r3.html iputils-s20101006/doc/r3.html
|
|---|
| 2331 | --- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r3.html 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
|
|---|
| 2332 | +++ iputils-s20101006/doc/r3.html 2011-01-08 20:09:49.558814956 -0500
|
|---|
| [8867e46] | 2333 | @@ -0,0 +1,1494 @@
|
|---|
| 2334 | +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
|
|---|
| 2335 | +<HTML
|
|---|
| 2336 | +><HEAD
|
|---|
| 2337 | +><TITLE
|
|---|
| 2338 | +>ping</TITLE
|
|---|
| 2339 | +><META
|
|---|
| 2340 | +NAME="GENERATOR"
|
|---|
| 2341 | +CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
|
|---|
| 2342 | +REL="HOME"
|
|---|
| 2343 | +TITLE="System Manager's Manual: iputils"
|
|---|
| 2344 | +HREF="index.html"><LINK
|
|---|
| 2345 | +REL="PREVIOUS"
|
|---|
| 2346 | +TITLE="System Manager's Manual: iputils"
|
|---|
| 2347 | +HREF="index.html"><LINK
|
|---|
| 2348 | +REL="NEXT"
|
|---|
| 2349 | +TITLE="arping"
|
|---|
| 2350 | +HREF="r437.html"></HEAD
|
|---|
| 2351 | +><BODY
|
|---|
| 2352 | +CLASS="REFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 2353 | +BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
|---|
| 2354 | +TEXT="#000000"
|
|---|
| 2355 | +LINK="#0000FF"
|
|---|
| 2356 | +VLINK="#840084"
|
|---|
| 2357 | +ALINK="#0000FF"
|
|---|
| 2358 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 2359 | +CLASS="NAVHEADER"
|
|---|
| 2360 | +><TABLE
|
|---|
| 2361 | +SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
|
|---|
| 2362 | +WIDTH="100%"
|
|---|
| 2363 | +BORDER="0"
|
|---|
| 2364 | +CELLPADDING="0"
|
|---|
| 2365 | +CELLSPACING="0"
|
|---|
| 2366 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 2367 | +><TH
|
|---|
| 2368 | +COLSPAN="3"
|
|---|
| 2369 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 2370 | +>System Manager's Manual: iputils</TH
|
|---|
| 2371 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 2372 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 2373 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 2374 | +WIDTH="10%"
|
|---|
| 2375 | +ALIGN="left"
|
|---|
| 2376 | +VALIGN="bottom"
|
|---|
| 2377 | +><A
|
|---|
| 2378 | +HREF="index.html"
|
|---|
| 2379 | +ACCESSKEY="P"
|
|---|
| 2380 | +>Prev</A
|
|---|
| 2381 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 2382 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 2383 | +WIDTH="80%"
|
|---|
| 2384 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 2385 | +VALIGN="bottom"
|
|---|
| 2386 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 2387 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 2388 | +WIDTH="10%"
|
|---|
| 2389 | +ALIGN="right"
|
|---|
| 2390 | +VALIGN="bottom"
|
|---|
| 2391 | +><A
|
|---|
| 2392 | +HREF="r437.html"
|
|---|
| 2393 | +ACCESSKEY="N"
|
|---|
| 2394 | +>Next</A
|
|---|
| 2395 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 2396 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 2397 | +></TABLE
|
|---|
| 2398 | +><HR
|
|---|
| 2399 | +ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|---|
| 2400 | +WIDTH="100%"></DIV
|
|---|
| 2401 | +><H1
|
|---|
| 2402 | +><A
|
|---|
| 2403 | +NAME="PING"
|
|---|
| 2404 | +></A
|
|---|
| 2405 | +>ping</H1
|
|---|
| 2406 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 2407 | +CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
|
|---|
| 2408 | +><A
|
|---|
| 2409 | +NAME="AEN8"
|
|---|
| 2410 | +></A
|
|---|
| 2411 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 2412 | +>Name</H2
|
|---|
| 2413 | +>ping, ping6 -- send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts</DIV
|
|---|
| 2414 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 2415 | +CLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
|
|---|
| 2416 | +><A
|
|---|
| 2417 | +NAME="AEN11"
|
|---|
| 2418 | +></A
|
|---|
| 2419 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 2420 | +>Synopsis</H2
|
|---|
| 2421 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2422 | +><B
|
|---|
| 2423 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 2424 | +>ping</B
|
|---|
| 2425 | +> [<CODE
|
|---|
| 2426 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2427 | +>-LRUbdfnqrvVaAB</CODE
|
|---|
| 2428 | +>] [-c <TT
|
|---|
| 2429 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2430 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2431 | +>count</I
|
|---|
| 2432 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2433 | +>] [-m <TT
|
|---|
| 2434 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2435 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2436 | +>mark</I
|
|---|
| 2437 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2438 | +>] [-i <TT
|
|---|
| 2439 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2440 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2441 | +>interval</I
|
|---|
| 2442 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2443 | +>] [-l <TT
|
|---|
| 2444 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2445 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2446 | +>preload</I
|
|---|
| 2447 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2448 | +>] [-p <TT
|
|---|
| 2449 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2450 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2451 | +>pattern</I
|
|---|
| 2452 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2453 | +>] [-s <TT
|
|---|
| 2454 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2455 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2456 | +>packetsize</I
|
|---|
| 2457 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2458 | +>] [-t <TT
|
|---|
| 2459 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2460 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2461 | +>ttl</I
|
|---|
| 2462 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2463 | +>] [-w <TT
|
|---|
| 2464 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2465 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2466 | +>deadline</I
|
|---|
| 2467 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2468 | +>] [-F <TT
|
|---|
| 2469 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2470 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2471 | +>flowlabel</I
|
|---|
| 2472 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2473 | +>] [-I <TT
|
|---|
| 2474 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2475 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2476 | +>interface</I
|
|---|
| 2477 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2478 | +>] [-M <TT
|
|---|
| 2479 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2480 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2481 | +>hint</I
|
|---|
| 2482 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2483 | +>] [-N <TT
|
|---|
| 2484 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2485 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2486 | +>nioption</I
|
|---|
| 2487 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2488 | +>] [-Q <TT
|
|---|
| 2489 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2490 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2491 | +>tos</I
|
|---|
| 2492 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2493 | +>] [-S <TT
|
|---|
| 2494 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2495 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2496 | +>sndbuf</I
|
|---|
| 2497 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2498 | +>] [-T <TT
|
|---|
| 2499 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2500 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2501 | +>timestamp option</I
|
|---|
| 2502 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2503 | +>] [-W <TT
|
|---|
| 2504 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2505 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2506 | +>timeout</I
|
|---|
| 2507 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2508 | +>] [<TT
|
|---|
| 2509 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2510 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2511 | +>hop</I
|
|---|
| 2512 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2513 | +>...] {<TT
|
|---|
| 2514 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2515 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2516 | +>destination</I
|
|---|
| 2517 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2518 | +>}</P
|
|---|
| 2519 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 2520 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 2521 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 2522 | +><A
|
|---|
| 2523 | +NAME="AEN52"
|
|---|
| 2524 | +></A
|
|---|
| 2525 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 2526 | +>DESCRIPTION</H2
|
|---|
| 2527 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2528 | +><B
|
|---|
| 2529 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 2530 | +>ping</B
|
|---|
| 2531 | +> uses the ICMP protocol's mandatory ECHO_REQUEST
|
|---|
| 2532 | +datagram to elicit an ICMP ECHO_RESPONSE from a host or gateway.
|
|---|
| 2533 | +ECHO_REQUEST datagrams (``pings'') have an IP and ICMP
|
|---|
| 2534 | +header, followed by a <CODE
|
|---|
| 2535 | +CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
|
|---|
| 2536 | +>struct timeval</CODE
|
|---|
| 2537 | +> and then an arbitrary
|
|---|
| 2538 | +number of ``pad'' bytes used to fill out the packet.</P
|
|---|
| 2539 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2540 | +><B
|
|---|
| 2541 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 2542 | +>ping6</B
|
|---|
| 2543 | +> can also send Node Information Queries (RFC4620).</P
|
|---|
| 2544 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 2545 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 2546 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 2547 | +><A
|
|---|
| 2548 | +NAME="AEN59"
|
|---|
| 2549 | +></A
|
|---|
| 2550 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 2551 | +>OPTIONS</H2
|
|---|
| 2552 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2553 | +></P
|
|---|
| 2554 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 2555 | +CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
|
|---|
| 2556 | +><DL
|
|---|
| 2557 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2558 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2559 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2560 | +>-a</CODE
|
|---|
| 2561 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2562 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2563 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2564 | +>Audible ping.
|
|---|
| 2565 | + </P
|
|---|
| 2566 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2567 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2568 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2569 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2570 | +>-A</CODE
|
|---|
| 2571 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2572 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2573 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2574 | +>Adaptive ping. Interpacket interval adapts to round-trip time, so that
|
|---|
| 2575 | +effectively not more than one (or more, if preload is set) unanswered probes
|
|---|
| 2576 | +present in the network. Minimal interval is 200msec for not super-user.
|
|---|
| 2577 | +On networks with low rtt this mode is essentially equivalent to flood mode.
|
|---|
| 2578 | + </P
|
|---|
| 2579 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2580 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2581 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2582 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2583 | +>-b</CODE
|
|---|
| 2584 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2585 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2586 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2587 | +>Allow pinging a broadcast address.
|
|---|
| 2588 | + </P
|
|---|
| 2589 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2590 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2591 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2592 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2593 | +>-B</CODE
|
|---|
| 2594 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2595 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2596 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2597 | +>Do not allow <B
|
|---|
| 2598 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 2599 | +>ping</B
|
|---|
| 2600 | +> to change source address of probes.
|
|---|
| 2601 | +The address is bound to one selected when <B
|
|---|
| 2602 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 2603 | +>ping</B
|
|---|
| 2604 | +> starts.
|
|---|
| 2605 | + </P
|
|---|
| 2606 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2607 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2608 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2609 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2610 | +>-m <TT
|
|---|
| 2611 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2612 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2613 | +>mark</I
|
|---|
| 2614 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2615 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 2616 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2617 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2618 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2619 | +>use <TT
|
|---|
| 2620 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2621 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2622 | +>mark</I
|
|---|
| 2623 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2624 | +> to tag the packets going out. This is useful
|
|---|
| 2625 | +for variety of reasons within the kernel such as using policy
|
|---|
| 2626 | +routing to select specific outbound processing.
|
|---|
| 2627 | + </P
|
|---|
| 2628 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2629 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2630 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2631 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2632 | +><A
|
|---|
| 2633 | +NAME="PING.COUNT"
|
|---|
| 2634 | +></A
|
|---|
| 2635 | +>-c <TT
|
|---|
| 2636 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2637 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2638 | +>count</I
|
|---|
| 2639 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2640 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 2641 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2642 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2643 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2644 | +>Stop after sending <TT
|
|---|
| 2645 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2646 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2647 | +>count</I
|
|---|
| 2648 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2649 | +> ECHO_REQUEST
|
|---|
| 2650 | +packets. With
|
|---|
| 2651 | +<A
|
|---|
| 2652 | +HREF="r3.html#PING.DEADLINE"
|
|---|
| 2653 | +><TT
|
|---|
| 2654 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2655 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2656 | +>deadline</I
|
|---|
| 2657 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2658 | +></A
|
|---|
| 2659 | +>
|
|---|
| 2660 | +option, <B
|
|---|
| 2661 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 2662 | +>ping</B
|
|---|
| 2663 | +> waits for
|
|---|
| 2664 | +<TT
|
|---|
| 2665 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2666 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2667 | +>count</I
|
|---|
| 2668 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2669 | +> ECHO_REPLY packets, until the timeout expires.
|
|---|
| 2670 | + </P
|
|---|
| 2671 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2672 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2673 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2674 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2675 | +>-d</CODE
|
|---|
| 2676 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2677 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2678 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2679 | +>Set the <CODE
|
|---|
| 2680 | +CLASS="CONSTANT"
|
|---|
| 2681 | +>SO_DEBUG</CODE
|
|---|
| 2682 | +> option on the socket being used.
|
|---|
| 2683 | +Essentially, this socket option is not used by Linux kernel.
|
|---|
| 2684 | + </P
|
|---|
| 2685 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2686 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2687 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2688 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2689 | +>-F <TT
|
|---|
| 2690 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2691 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2692 | +>flow label</I
|
|---|
| 2693 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2694 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 2695 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2696 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2697 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2698 | +>Allocate and set 20 bit flow label on echo request packets.
|
|---|
| 2699 | +(Only <B
|
|---|
| 2700 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 2701 | +>ping6</B
|
|---|
| 2702 | +>). If value is zero, kernel allocates random flow label.
|
|---|
| 2703 | + </P
|
|---|
| 2704 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2705 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2706 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2707 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2708 | +>-f</CODE
|
|---|
| 2709 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2710 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2711 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2712 | +>Flood ping. For every ECHO_REQUEST sent a period ``.'' is printed,
|
|---|
| 2713 | +while for ever ECHO_REPLY received a backspace is printed.
|
|---|
| 2714 | +This provides a rapid display of how many packets are being dropped.
|
|---|
| 2715 | +If interval is not given, it sets interval to zero and
|
|---|
| 2716 | +outputs packets as fast as they come back or one hundred times per second,
|
|---|
| 2717 | +whichever is more.
|
|---|
| 2718 | +Only the super-user may use this option with zero interval.
|
|---|
| 2719 | + </P
|
|---|
| 2720 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2721 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2722 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2723 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2724 | +>-i <TT
|
|---|
| 2725 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2726 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2727 | +>interval</I
|
|---|
| 2728 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2729 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 2730 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2731 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2732 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2733 | +>Wait <TT
|
|---|
| 2734 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2735 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2736 | +>interval</I
|
|---|
| 2737 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2738 | +> seconds between sending each packet.
|
|---|
| 2739 | +The default is to wait for one second between each packet normally,
|
|---|
| 2740 | +or not to wait in flood mode. Only super-user may set interval
|
|---|
| 2741 | +to values less 0.2 seconds.
|
|---|
| 2742 | + </P
|
|---|
| 2743 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2744 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2745 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2746 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2747 | +>-I <TT
|
|---|
| 2748 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2749 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2750 | +>interface address</I
|
|---|
| 2751 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2752 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 2753 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2754 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2755 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2756 | +>Set source address to specified interface address. Argument
|
|---|
| 2757 | +may be numeric IP address or name of device. When pinging IPv6
|
|---|
| 2758 | +link-local address this option is required.
|
|---|
| 2759 | + </P
|
|---|
| 2760 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2761 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2762 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2763 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2764 | +>-l <TT
|
|---|
| 2765 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2766 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2767 | +>preload</I
|
|---|
| 2768 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2769 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 2770 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2771 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2772 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2773 | +>If <TT
|
|---|
| 2774 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2775 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2776 | +>preload</I
|
|---|
| 2777 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2778 | +> is specified,
|
|---|
| 2779 | +<B
|
|---|
| 2780 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 2781 | +>ping</B
|
|---|
| 2782 | +> sends that many packets not waiting for reply.
|
|---|
| 2783 | +Only the super-user may select preload more than 3.
|
|---|
| 2784 | + </P
|
|---|
| 2785 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2786 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2787 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2788 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2789 | +>-L</CODE
|
|---|
| 2790 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2791 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2792 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2793 | +>Suppress loopback of multicast packets. This flag only applies if the ping
|
|---|
| 2794 | +destination is a multicast address.
|
|---|
| 2795 | + </P
|
|---|
| 2796 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2797 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2798 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2799 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2800 | +>-N <TT
|
|---|
| 2801 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2802 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2803 | +>nioption</I
|
|---|
| 2804 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2805 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 2806 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2807 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2808 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2809 | +>Send ICMPv6 Node Information Queries (RFC4620), instead of Echo Request.
|
|---|
| 2810 | + <P
|
|---|
| 2811 | +></P
|
|---|
| 2812 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 2813 | +CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
|
|---|
| 2814 | +><DL
|
|---|
| 2815 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2816 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2817 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2818 | +>name</CODE
|
|---|
| 2819 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2820 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2821 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2822 | +>Queries for Node Names.</P
|
|---|
| 2823 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2824 | +></DL
|
|---|
| 2825 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 2826 | +>
|
|---|
| 2827 | + <P
|
|---|
| 2828 | +></P
|
|---|
| 2829 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 2830 | +CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
|
|---|
| 2831 | +><DL
|
|---|
| 2832 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2833 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2834 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2835 | +>ipv6</CODE
|
|---|
| 2836 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2837 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2838 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2839 | +>Queries for IPv6 Addresses. There are several IPv6 specific flags.
|
|---|
| 2840 | + <P
|
|---|
| 2841 | +></P
|
|---|
| 2842 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 2843 | +CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
|
|---|
| 2844 | +><DL
|
|---|
| 2845 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2846 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2847 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2848 | +>ipv6-global</CODE
|
|---|
| 2849 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2850 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2851 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2852 | +>Request IPv6 global-scope addresses.</P
|
|---|
| 2853 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2854 | +></DL
|
|---|
| 2855 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 2856 | +>
|
|---|
| 2857 | + <P
|
|---|
| 2858 | +></P
|
|---|
| 2859 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 2860 | +CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
|
|---|
| 2861 | +><DL
|
|---|
| 2862 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2863 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2864 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2865 | +>ipv6-sitelocal</CODE
|
|---|
| 2866 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2867 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2868 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2869 | +>Request IPv6 site-local addresses.</P
|
|---|
| 2870 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2871 | +></DL
|
|---|
| 2872 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 2873 | +>
|
|---|
| 2874 | + <P
|
|---|
| 2875 | +></P
|
|---|
| 2876 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 2877 | +CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
|
|---|
| 2878 | +><DL
|
|---|
| 2879 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2880 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2881 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2882 | +>ipv6-linklocal</CODE
|
|---|
| 2883 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2884 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2885 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2886 | +>Request IPv6 link-local addresses.</P
|
|---|
| 2887 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2888 | +></DL
|
|---|
| 2889 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 2890 | +>
|
|---|
| 2891 | + <P
|
|---|
| 2892 | +></P
|
|---|
| 2893 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 2894 | +CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
|
|---|
| 2895 | +><DL
|
|---|
| 2896 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2897 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2898 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2899 | +>ipv6-all</CODE
|
|---|
| 2900 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2901 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2902 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2903 | +>Request IPv6 addresses on other interfaces.</P
|
|---|
| 2904 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2905 | +></DL
|
|---|
| 2906 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 2907 | +>
|
|---|
| 2908 | + </P
|
|---|
| 2909 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2910 | +></DL
|
|---|
| 2911 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 2912 | +>
|
|---|
| 2913 | + <P
|
|---|
| 2914 | +></P
|
|---|
| 2915 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 2916 | +CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
|
|---|
| 2917 | +><DL
|
|---|
| 2918 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2919 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2920 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2921 | +>ipv4</CODE
|
|---|
| 2922 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2923 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2924 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2925 | +>Queries for IPv4 Addresses. There is one IPv4 specific flag.
|
|---|
| 2926 | + <P
|
|---|
| 2927 | +></P
|
|---|
| 2928 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 2929 | +CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
|
|---|
| 2930 | +><DL
|
|---|
| 2931 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2932 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2933 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2934 | +>ipv4-all</CODE
|
|---|
| 2935 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2936 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2937 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2938 | +>Request IPv4 addresses on other interfaces.</P
|
|---|
| 2939 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2940 | +></DL
|
|---|
| 2941 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 2942 | +>
|
|---|
| 2943 | + </P
|
|---|
| 2944 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2945 | +></DL
|
|---|
| 2946 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 2947 | +>
|
|---|
| 2948 | + <P
|
|---|
| 2949 | +></P
|
|---|
| 2950 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 2951 | +CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
|
|---|
| 2952 | +><DL
|
|---|
| 2953 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2954 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2955 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2956 | +>subject-ipv6=<TT
|
|---|
| 2957 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2958 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2959 | +>ipv6addr</I
|
|---|
| 2960 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2961 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 2962 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2963 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2964 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2965 | +>IPv6 subject address.</P
|
|---|
| 2966 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2967 | +></DL
|
|---|
| 2968 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 2969 | +>
|
|---|
| 2970 | + <P
|
|---|
| 2971 | +></P
|
|---|
| 2972 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 2973 | +CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
|
|---|
| 2974 | +><DL
|
|---|
| 2975 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2976 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2977 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 2978 | +>subject-ipv4=<TT
|
|---|
| 2979 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 2980 | +><I
|
|---|
| 2981 | +>ipv4addr</I
|
|---|
| 2982 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 2983 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 2984 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 2985 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 2986 | +><P
|
|---|
| 2987 | +>IPv4 subject address.</P
|
|---|
| 2988 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 2989 | +></DL
|
|---|
| 2990 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 2991 | +>
|
|---|
| 2992 | + <P
|
|---|
| 2993 | +></P
|
|---|
| 2994 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 2995 | +CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
|
|---|
| 2996 | +><DL
|
|---|
| 2997 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 2998 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 2999 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 3000 | +>subject-name=<TT
|
|---|
| 3001 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3002 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3003 | +>nodename</I
|
|---|
| 3004 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3005 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 3006 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 3007 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 3008 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3009 | +>Subject name. If it contains more than one dot,
|
|---|
| 3010 | + fully-qualified domain name is assumed.</P
|
|---|
| 3011 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 3012 | +></DL
|
|---|
| 3013 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 3014 | +>
|
|---|
| 3015 | + <P
|
|---|
| 3016 | +></P
|
|---|
| 3017 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 3018 | +CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
|
|---|
| 3019 | +><DL
|
|---|
| 3020 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 3021 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 3022 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 3023 | +>subject-fqdn=<TT
|
|---|
| 3024 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3025 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3026 | +>nodename</I
|
|---|
| 3027 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3028 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 3029 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 3030 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 3031 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3032 | +>Subject name. Fully-qualified domain name is
|
|---|
| 3033 | + always assumed.</P
|
|---|
| 3034 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 3035 | +></DL
|
|---|
| 3036 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 3037 | +>
|
|---|
| 3038 | + </P
|
|---|
| 3039 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 3040 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 3041 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 3042 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 3043 | +>-n</CODE
|
|---|
| 3044 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 3045 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 3046 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3047 | +>Numeric output only.
|
|---|
| 3048 | +No attempt will be made to lookup symbolic names for host addresses.
|
|---|
| 3049 | + </P
|
|---|
| 3050 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 3051 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 3052 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 3053 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 3054 | +>-p <TT
|
|---|
| 3055 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3056 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3057 | +>pattern</I
|
|---|
| 3058 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3059 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 3060 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 3061 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 3062 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3063 | +>You may specify up to 16 ``pad'' bytes to fill out the packet you send.
|
|---|
| 3064 | +This is useful for diagnosing data-dependent problems in a network.
|
|---|
| 3065 | +For example, <CODE
|
|---|
| 3066 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 3067 | +>-p ff</CODE
|
|---|
| 3068 | +> will cause the sent packet
|
|---|
| 3069 | +to be filled with all ones.
|
|---|
| 3070 | + </P
|
|---|
| 3071 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 3072 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 3073 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 3074 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 3075 | +>-D</CODE
|
|---|
| 3076 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 3077 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 3078 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3079 | +>Print timestamp (unix time + microseconds as in gettimeofday) before
|
|---|
| 3080 | +each line.
|
|---|
| 3081 | + </P
|
|---|
| 3082 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 3083 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 3084 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 3085 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 3086 | +>-Q <TT
|
|---|
| 3087 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3088 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3089 | +>tos</I
|
|---|
| 3090 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3091 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 3092 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 3093 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 3094 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3095 | +>Set Quality of Service -related bits in ICMP datagrams.
|
|---|
| 3096 | +<TT
|
|---|
| 3097 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3098 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3099 | +>tos</I
|
|---|
| 3100 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3101 | +> can be either decimal or hex number.
|
|---|
| 3102 | +Traditionally (RFC1349), these have been interpreted as: 0 for reserved
|
|---|
| 3103 | +(currently being redefined as congestion control), 1-4 for Type of Service
|
|---|
| 3104 | +and 5-7 for Precedence.
|
|---|
| 3105 | +Possible settings for Type of Service are: minimal cost: 0x02,
|
|---|
| 3106 | +reliability: 0x04, throughput: 0x08, low delay: 0x10. Multiple TOS bits
|
|---|
| 3107 | +should not be set simultaneously. Possible settings for
|
|---|
| 3108 | +special Precedence range from priority (0x20) to net control (0xe0). You
|
|---|
| 3109 | +must be root (<CODE
|
|---|
| 3110 | +CLASS="CONSTANT"
|
|---|
| 3111 | +>CAP_NET_ADMIN</CODE
|
|---|
| 3112 | +> capability) to use Critical or
|
|---|
| 3113 | +higher precedence value. You cannot set
|
|---|
| 3114 | +bit 0x01 (reserved) unless ECN has been enabled in the kernel.
|
|---|
| 3115 | +In RFC2474, these fields has been redefined as 8-bit Differentiated
|
|---|
| 3116 | +Services (DS), consisting of: bits 0-1 of separate data (ECN will be used,
|
|---|
| 3117 | +here), and bits 2-7 of Differentiated Services Codepoint (DSCP).
|
|---|
| 3118 | + </P
|
|---|
| 3119 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 3120 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 3121 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 3122 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 3123 | +>-q</CODE
|
|---|
| 3124 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 3125 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 3126 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3127 | +>Quiet output.
|
|---|
| 3128 | +Nothing is displayed except the summary lines at startup time and
|
|---|
| 3129 | +when finished.
|
|---|
| 3130 | + </P
|
|---|
| 3131 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 3132 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 3133 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 3134 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 3135 | +>-R</CODE
|
|---|
| 3136 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 3137 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 3138 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3139 | +>Record route.
|
|---|
| 3140 | +Includes the RECORD_ROUTE option in the ECHO_REQUEST
|
|---|
| 3141 | +packet and displays the route buffer on returned packets.
|
|---|
| 3142 | +Note that the IP header is only large enough for nine such routes.
|
|---|
| 3143 | +Many hosts ignore or discard this option.
|
|---|
| 3144 | + </P
|
|---|
| 3145 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 3146 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 3147 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 3148 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 3149 | +>-r</CODE
|
|---|
| 3150 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 3151 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 3152 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3153 | +>Bypass the normal routing tables and send directly to a host on an attached
|
|---|
| 3154 | +interface.
|
|---|
| 3155 | +If the host is not on a directly-attached network, an error is returned.
|
|---|
| 3156 | +This option can be used to ping a local host through an interface
|
|---|
| 3157 | +that has no route through it provided the option <CODE
|
|---|
| 3158 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 3159 | +>-I</CODE
|
|---|
| 3160 | +> is also
|
|---|
| 3161 | +used.
|
|---|
| 3162 | + </P
|
|---|
| 3163 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 3164 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 3165 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 3166 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 3167 | +>-s <TT
|
|---|
| 3168 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3169 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3170 | +>packetsize</I
|
|---|
| 3171 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3172 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 3173 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 3174 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 3175 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3176 | +>Specifies the number of data bytes to be sent.
|
|---|
| 3177 | +The default is 56, which translates into 64 ICMP
|
|---|
| 3178 | +data bytes when combined with the 8 bytes of ICMP header data.
|
|---|
| 3179 | + </P
|
|---|
| 3180 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 3181 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 3182 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 3183 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 3184 | +>-S <TT
|
|---|
| 3185 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3186 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3187 | +>sndbuf</I
|
|---|
| 3188 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3189 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 3190 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 3191 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 3192 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3193 | +>Set socket sndbuf. If not specified, it is selected to buffer
|
|---|
| 3194 | +not more than one packet.
|
|---|
| 3195 | + </P
|
|---|
| 3196 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 3197 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 3198 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 3199 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 3200 | +>-t <TT
|
|---|
| 3201 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3202 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3203 | +>ttl</I
|
|---|
| 3204 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3205 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 3206 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 3207 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 3208 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3209 | +>Set the IP Time to Live.
|
|---|
| 3210 | + </P
|
|---|
| 3211 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 3212 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 3213 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 3214 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 3215 | +>-T <TT
|
|---|
| 3216 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3217 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3218 | +>timestamp option</I
|
|---|
| 3219 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3220 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 3221 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 3222 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 3223 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3224 | +>Set special IP timestamp options.
|
|---|
| 3225 | +<TT
|
|---|
| 3226 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3227 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3228 | +>timestamp option</I
|
|---|
| 3229 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3230 | +> may be either
|
|---|
| 3231 | +<TT
|
|---|
| 3232 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3233 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3234 | +>tsonly</I
|
|---|
| 3235 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3236 | +> (only timestamps),
|
|---|
| 3237 | +<TT
|
|---|
| 3238 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3239 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3240 | +>tsandaddr</I
|
|---|
| 3241 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3242 | +> (timestamps and addresses) or
|
|---|
| 3243 | +<TT
|
|---|
| 3244 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3245 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3246 | +>tsprespec host1 [host2 [host3 [host4]]]</I
|
|---|
| 3247 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3248 | +>
|
|---|
| 3249 | +(timestamp prespecified hops).
|
|---|
| 3250 | + </P
|
|---|
| 3251 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 3252 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 3253 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 3254 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 3255 | +>-M <TT
|
|---|
| 3256 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3257 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3258 | +>hint</I
|
|---|
| 3259 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3260 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 3261 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 3262 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 3263 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3264 | +>Select Path MTU Discovery strategy.
|
|---|
| 3265 | +<TT
|
|---|
| 3266 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3267 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3268 | +>hint</I
|
|---|
| 3269 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3270 | +> may be either <TT
|
|---|
| 3271 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3272 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3273 | +>do</I
|
|---|
| 3274 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3275 | +>
|
|---|
| 3276 | +(prohibit fragmentation, even local one),
|
|---|
| 3277 | +<TT
|
|---|
| 3278 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3279 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3280 | +>want</I
|
|---|
| 3281 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3282 | +> (do PMTU discovery, fragment locally when packet size
|
|---|
| 3283 | +is large), or <TT
|
|---|
| 3284 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3285 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3286 | +>dont</I
|
|---|
| 3287 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3288 | +> (do not set DF flag).
|
|---|
| 3289 | + </P
|
|---|
| 3290 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 3291 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 3292 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 3293 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 3294 | +>-U</CODE
|
|---|
| 3295 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 3296 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 3297 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3298 | +>Print full user-to-user latency (the old behaviour). Normally
|
|---|
| 3299 | +<B
|
|---|
| 3300 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 3301 | +>ping</B
|
|---|
| 3302 | +>
|
|---|
| 3303 | +prints network round trip time, which can be different
|
|---|
| 3304 | +f.e. due to DNS failures.
|
|---|
| 3305 | + </P
|
|---|
| 3306 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 3307 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 3308 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 3309 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 3310 | +>-v</CODE
|
|---|
| 3311 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 3312 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 3313 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3314 | +>Verbose output.
|
|---|
| 3315 | + </P
|
|---|
| 3316 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 3317 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 3318 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 3319 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 3320 | +>-V</CODE
|
|---|
| 3321 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 3322 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 3323 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3324 | +>Show version and exit.
|
|---|
| 3325 | + </P
|
|---|
| 3326 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 3327 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 3328 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 3329 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 3330 | +><A
|
|---|
| 3331 | +NAME="PING.DEADLINE"
|
|---|
| 3332 | +></A
|
|---|
| 3333 | +>-w <TT
|
|---|
| 3334 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3335 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3336 | +>deadline</I
|
|---|
| 3337 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3338 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 3339 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 3340 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 3341 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3342 | +>Specify a timeout, in seconds, before
|
|---|
| 3343 | +<B
|
|---|
| 3344 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 3345 | +>ping</B
|
|---|
| 3346 | +>
|
|---|
| 3347 | +exits regardless of how many
|
|---|
| 3348 | +packets have been sent or received. In this case
|
|---|
| 3349 | +<B
|
|---|
| 3350 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 3351 | +>ping</B
|
|---|
| 3352 | +>
|
|---|
| 3353 | +does not stop after
|
|---|
| 3354 | +<A
|
|---|
| 3355 | +HREF="r3.html#PING.COUNT"
|
|---|
| 3356 | +><TT
|
|---|
| 3357 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3358 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3359 | +>count</I
|
|---|
| 3360 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3361 | +></A
|
|---|
| 3362 | +>
|
|---|
| 3363 | +packet are sent, it waits either for
|
|---|
| 3364 | +<A
|
|---|
| 3365 | +HREF="r3.html#PING.DEADLINE"
|
|---|
| 3366 | +><TT
|
|---|
| 3367 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3368 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3369 | +>deadline</I
|
|---|
| 3370 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3371 | +></A
|
|---|
| 3372 | +>
|
|---|
| 3373 | +expire or until
|
|---|
| 3374 | +<A
|
|---|
| 3375 | +HREF="r3.html#PING.COUNT"
|
|---|
| 3376 | +><TT
|
|---|
| 3377 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3378 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3379 | +>count</I
|
|---|
| 3380 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3381 | +></A
|
|---|
| 3382 | +>
|
|---|
| 3383 | +probes are answered or for some error notification from network.
|
|---|
| 3384 | + </P
|
|---|
| 3385 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 3386 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 3387 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 3388 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 3389 | +>-W <TT
|
|---|
| 3390 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3391 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3392 | +>timeout</I
|
|---|
| 3393 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3394 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 3395 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 3396 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 3397 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3398 | +>Time to wait for a response, in seconds. The option affects only timeout
|
|---|
| 3399 | +in absense of any responses, otherwise <B
|
|---|
| 3400 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 3401 | +>ping</B
|
|---|
| 3402 | +> waits for two RTTs.
|
|---|
| 3403 | + </P
|
|---|
| 3404 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 3405 | +></DL
|
|---|
| 3406 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 3407 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3408 | +>When using <B
|
|---|
| 3409 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 3410 | +>ping</B
|
|---|
| 3411 | +> for fault isolation, it should first be run
|
|---|
| 3412 | +on the local host, to verify that the local network interface is up
|
|---|
| 3413 | +and running. Then, hosts and gateways further and further away should be
|
|---|
| 3414 | +``pinged''. Round-trip times and packet loss statistics are computed.
|
|---|
| 3415 | +If duplicate packets are received, they are not included in the packet
|
|---|
| 3416 | +loss calculation, although the round trip time of these packets is used
|
|---|
| 3417 | +in calculating the minimum/average/maximum round-trip time numbers.
|
|---|
| 3418 | +When the specified number of packets have been sent (and received) or
|
|---|
| 3419 | +if the program is terminated with a
|
|---|
| 3420 | +<CODE
|
|---|
| 3421 | +CLASS="CONSTANT"
|
|---|
| 3422 | +>SIGINT</CODE
|
|---|
| 3423 | +>, a brief summary is displayed. Shorter current statistics
|
|---|
| 3424 | +can be obtained without termination of process with signal
|
|---|
| 3425 | +<CODE
|
|---|
| 3426 | +CLASS="CONSTANT"
|
|---|
| 3427 | +>SIGQUIT</CODE
|
|---|
| 3428 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 3429 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3430 | +>If <B
|
|---|
| 3431 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 3432 | +>ping</B
|
|---|
| 3433 | +> does not receive any reply packets at all it will
|
|---|
| 3434 | +exit with code 1. If a packet
|
|---|
| 3435 | +<A
|
|---|
| 3436 | +HREF="r3.html#PING.COUNT"
|
|---|
| 3437 | +><TT
|
|---|
| 3438 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3439 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3440 | +>count</I
|
|---|
| 3441 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3442 | +></A
|
|---|
| 3443 | +>
|
|---|
| 3444 | +and
|
|---|
| 3445 | +<A
|
|---|
| 3446 | +HREF="r3.html#PING.DEADLINE"
|
|---|
| 3447 | +><TT
|
|---|
| 3448 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3449 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3450 | +>deadline</I
|
|---|
| 3451 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3452 | +></A
|
|---|
| 3453 | +>
|
|---|
| 3454 | +are both specified, and fewer than
|
|---|
| 3455 | +<A
|
|---|
| 3456 | +HREF="r3.html#PING.COUNT"
|
|---|
| 3457 | +><TT
|
|---|
| 3458 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3459 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3460 | +>count</I
|
|---|
| 3461 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3462 | +></A
|
|---|
| 3463 | +>
|
|---|
| 3464 | +packets are received by the time the
|
|---|
| 3465 | +<A
|
|---|
| 3466 | +HREF="r3.html#PING.DEADLINE"
|
|---|
| 3467 | +><TT
|
|---|
| 3468 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3469 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3470 | +>deadline</I
|
|---|
| 3471 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3472 | +></A
|
|---|
| 3473 | +>
|
|---|
| 3474 | +has arrived, it will also exit with code 1.
|
|---|
| 3475 | +On other error it exits with code 2. Otherwise it exits with code 0. This
|
|---|
| 3476 | +makes it possible to use the exit code to see if a host is alive or
|
|---|
| 3477 | +not.</P
|
|---|
| 3478 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3479 | +>This program is intended for use in network testing, measurement and
|
|---|
| 3480 | +management.
|
|---|
| 3481 | +Because of the load it can impose on the network, it is unwise to use
|
|---|
| 3482 | +<B
|
|---|
| 3483 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 3484 | +>ping</B
|
|---|
| 3485 | +> during normal operations or from automated scripts.</P
|
|---|
| 3486 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 3487 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 3488 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 3489 | +><A
|
|---|
| 3490 | +NAME="AEN362"
|
|---|
| 3491 | +></A
|
|---|
| 3492 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 3493 | +>ICMP PACKET DETAILS</H2
|
|---|
| 3494 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3495 | +>An IP header without options is 20 bytes.
|
|---|
| 3496 | +An ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packet contains an additional 8 bytes worth
|
|---|
| 3497 | +of ICMP header followed by an arbitrary amount of data.
|
|---|
| 3498 | +When a <TT
|
|---|
| 3499 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3500 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3501 | +>packetsize</I
|
|---|
| 3502 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3503 | +> is given, this indicated the size of this
|
|---|
| 3504 | +extra piece of data (the default is 56). Thus the amount of data received
|
|---|
| 3505 | +inside of an IP packet of type ICMP ECHO_REPLY will always be 8 bytes
|
|---|
| 3506 | +more than the requested data space (the ICMP header).</P
|
|---|
| 3507 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3508 | +>If the data space is at least of size of <CODE
|
|---|
| 3509 | +CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
|
|---|
| 3510 | +>struct timeval</CODE
|
|---|
| 3511 | +>
|
|---|
| 3512 | +<B
|
|---|
| 3513 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 3514 | +>ping</B
|
|---|
| 3515 | +> uses the beginning bytes of this space to include
|
|---|
| 3516 | +a timestamp which it uses in the computation of round trip times.
|
|---|
| 3517 | +If the data space is shorter, no round trip times are given.</P
|
|---|
| 3518 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 3519 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 3520 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 3521 | +><A
|
|---|
| 3522 | +NAME="AEN369"
|
|---|
| 3523 | +></A
|
|---|
| 3524 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 3525 | +>DUPLICATE AND DAMAGED PACKETS</H2
|
|---|
| 3526 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3527 | +><B
|
|---|
| 3528 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 3529 | +>ping</B
|
|---|
| 3530 | +> will report duplicate and damaged packets.
|
|---|
| 3531 | +Duplicate packets should never occur, and seem to be caused by
|
|---|
| 3532 | +inappropriate link-level retransmissions.
|
|---|
| 3533 | +Duplicates may occur in many situations and are rarely (if ever) a
|
|---|
| 3534 | +good sign, although the presence of low levels of duplicates may not
|
|---|
| 3535 | +always be cause for alarm.</P
|
|---|
| 3536 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3537 | +>Damaged packets are obviously serious cause for alarm and often
|
|---|
| 3538 | +indicate broken hardware somewhere in the
|
|---|
| 3539 | +<B
|
|---|
| 3540 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 3541 | +>ping</B
|
|---|
| 3542 | +> packet's path (in the network or in the hosts).</P
|
|---|
| 3543 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 3544 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 3545 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 3546 | +><A
|
|---|
| 3547 | +NAME="AEN375"
|
|---|
| 3548 | +></A
|
|---|
| 3549 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 3550 | +>TRYING DIFFERENT DATA PATTERNS</H2
|
|---|
| 3551 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3552 | +>The (inter)network layer should never treat packets differently depending
|
|---|
| 3553 | +on the data contained in the data portion.
|
|---|
| 3554 | +Unfortunately, data-dependent problems have been known to sneak into
|
|---|
| 3555 | +networks and remain undetected for long periods of time.
|
|---|
| 3556 | +In many cases the particular pattern that will have problems is something
|
|---|
| 3557 | +that doesn't have sufficient ``transitions'', such as all ones or all
|
|---|
| 3558 | +zeros, or a pattern right at the edge, such as almost all zeros.
|
|---|
| 3559 | +It isn't necessarily enough to specify a data pattern of all zeros (for
|
|---|
| 3560 | +example) on the command line because the pattern that is of interest is
|
|---|
| 3561 | +at the data link level, and the relationship between what you type and
|
|---|
| 3562 | +what the controllers transmit can be complicated.</P
|
|---|
| 3563 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3564 | +>This means that if you have a data-dependent problem you will probably
|
|---|
| 3565 | +have to do a lot of testing to find it.
|
|---|
| 3566 | +If you are lucky, you may manage to find a file that either can't be sent
|
|---|
| 3567 | +across your network or that takes much longer to transfer than other
|
|---|
| 3568 | +similar length files.
|
|---|
| 3569 | +You can then examine this file for repeated patterns that you can test
|
|---|
| 3570 | +using the <CODE
|
|---|
| 3571 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 3572 | +>-p</CODE
|
|---|
| 3573 | +> option of <B
|
|---|
| 3574 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 3575 | +>ping</B
|
|---|
| 3576 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 3577 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 3578 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 3579 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 3580 | +><A
|
|---|
| 3581 | +NAME="AEN381"
|
|---|
| 3582 | +></A
|
|---|
| 3583 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 3584 | +>TTL DETAILS</H2
|
|---|
| 3585 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3586 | +>The TTL value of an IP packet represents the maximum number of IP routers
|
|---|
| 3587 | +that the packet can go through before being thrown away.
|
|---|
| 3588 | +In current practice you can expect each router in the Internet to decrement
|
|---|
| 3589 | +the TTL field by exactly one.</P
|
|---|
| 3590 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3591 | +>The TCP/IP specification states that the TTL field for TCP
|
|---|
| 3592 | +packets should be set to 60, but many systems use smaller values
|
|---|
| 3593 | +(4.3 BSD uses 30, 4.2 used 15).</P
|
|---|
| 3594 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3595 | +>The maximum possible value of this field is 255, and most Unix systems set
|
|---|
| 3596 | +the TTL field of ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to 255.
|
|---|
| 3597 | +This is why you will find you can ``ping'' some hosts, but not reach them
|
|---|
| 3598 | +with
|
|---|
| 3599 | +<SPAN
|
|---|
| 3600 | +CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 3601 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 3602 | +CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|---|
| 3603 | +>telnet</SPAN
|
|---|
| 3604 | +>(1)</SPAN
|
|---|
| 3605 | +>
|
|---|
| 3606 | +or
|
|---|
| 3607 | +<SPAN
|
|---|
| 3608 | +CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 3609 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 3610 | +CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|---|
| 3611 | +>ftp</SPAN
|
|---|
| 3612 | +>(1)</SPAN
|
|---|
| 3613 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 3614 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3615 | +>In normal operation ping prints the ttl value from the packet it receives.
|
|---|
| 3616 | +When a remote system receives a ping packet, it can do one of three things
|
|---|
| 3617 | +with the TTL field in its response:</P
|
|---|
| 3618 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3619 | +></P
|
|---|
| 3620 | +><UL
|
|---|
| 3621 | +><LI
|
|---|
| 3622 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3623 | +>Not change it; this is what Berkeley Unix systems did before the
|
|---|
| 3624 | +4.3BSD Tahoe release. In this case the TTL value in the received packet
|
|---|
| 3625 | +will be 255 minus the number of routers in the round-trip path.
|
|---|
| 3626 | + </P
|
|---|
| 3627 | +></LI
|
|---|
| 3628 | +><LI
|
|---|
| 3629 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3630 | +>Set it to 255; this is what current Berkeley Unix systems do.
|
|---|
| 3631 | +In this case the TTL value in the received packet will be 255 minus the
|
|---|
| 3632 | +number of routers in the path <SPAN
|
|---|
| 3633 | +CLASS="emphasis"
|
|---|
| 3634 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3635 | +CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
|---|
| 3636 | +>from</I
|
|---|
| 3637 | +></SPAN
|
|---|
| 3638 | +>
|
|---|
| 3639 | +the remote system <SPAN
|
|---|
| 3640 | +CLASS="emphasis"
|
|---|
| 3641 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3642 | +CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
|---|
| 3643 | +>to</I
|
|---|
| 3644 | +></SPAN
|
|---|
| 3645 | +> the <B
|
|---|
| 3646 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 3647 | +>ping</B
|
|---|
| 3648 | +>ing host.
|
|---|
| 3649 | + </P
|
|---|
| 3650 | +></LI
|
|---|
| 3651 | +><LI
|
|---|
| 3652 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3653 | +>Set it to some other value. Some machines use the same value for
|
|---|
| 3654 | +ICMP packets that they use for TCP packets, for example either 30 or 60.
|
|---|
| 3655 | +Others may use completely wild values.
|
|---|
| 3656 | + </P
|
|---|
| 3657 | +></LI
|
|---|
| 3658 | +></UL
|
|---|
| 3659 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 3660 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 3661 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 3662 | +><A
|
|---|
| 3663 | +NAME="AEN403"
|
|---|
| 3664 | +></A
|
|---|
| 3665 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 3666 | +>BUGS</H2
|
|---|
| 3667 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3668 | +></P
|
|---|
| 3669 | +><UL
|
|---|
| 3670 | +><LI
|
|---|
| 3671 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3672 | +>Many Hosts and Gateways ignore the RECORD_ROUTE option.
|
|---|
| 3673 | + </P
|
|---|
| 3674 | +></LI
|
|---|
| 3675 | +><LI
|
|---|
| 3676 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3677 | +>The maximum IP header length is too small for options like
|
|---|
| 3678 | +RECORD_ROUTE to be completely useful.
|
|---|
| 3679 | +There's not much that that can be done about this, however.
|
|---|
| 3680 | + </P
|
|---|
| 3681 | +></LI
|
|---|
| 3682 | +><LI
|
|---|
| 3683 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3684 | +>Flood pinging is not recommended in general, and flood pinging the
|
|---|
| 3685 | +broadcast address should only be done under very controlled conditions.
|
|---|
| 3686 | + </P
|
|---|
| 3687 | +></LI
|
|---|
| 3688 | +></UL
|
|---|
| 3689 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 3690 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 3691 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 3692 | +><A
|
|---|
| 3693 | +NAME="AEN412"
|
|---|
| 3694 | +></A
|
|---|
| 3695 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 3696 | +>SEE ALSO</H2
|
|---|
| 3697 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3698 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 3699 | +CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 3700 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 3701 | +CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|---|
| 3702 | +>netstat</SPAN
|
|---|
| 3703 | +>(1)</SPAN
|
|---|
| 3704 | +>,
|
|---|
| 3705 | +<SPAN
|
|---|
| 3706 | +CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 3707 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 3708 | +CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|---|
| 3709 | +>ifconfig</SPAN
|
|---|
| 3710 | +>(8)</SPAN
|
|---|
| 3711 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 3712 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 3713 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 3714 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 3715 | +><A
|
|---|
| 3716 | +NAME="AEN421"
|
|---|
| 3717 | +></A
|
|---|
| 3718 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 3719 | +>HISTORY</H2
|
|---|
| 3720 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3721 | +>The <B
|
|---|
| 3722 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 3723 | +>ping</B
|
|---|
| 3724 | +> command appeared in 4.3BSD.</P
|
|---|
| 3725 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3726 | +>The version described here is its descendant specific to Linux.</P
|
|---|
| 3727 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 3728 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 3729 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 3730 | +><A
|
|---|
| 3731 | +NAME="AEN426"
|
|---|
| 3732 | +></A
|
|---|
| 3733 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 3734 | +>SECURITY</H2
|
|---|
| 3735 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3736 | +><B
|
|---|
| 3737 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 3738 | +>ping</B
|
|---|
| 3739 | +> requires <CODE
|
|---|
| 3740 | +CLASS="CONSTANT"
|
|---|
| 3741 | +>CAP_NET_RAWIO</CODE
|
|---|
| 3742 | +> capability
|
|---|
| 3743 | +to be executed. It may be used as set-uid root.</P
|
|---|
| 3744 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 3745 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 3746 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 3747 | +><A
|
|---|
| 3748 | +NAME="AEN431"
|
|---|
| 3749 | +></A
|
|---|
| 3750 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 3751 | +>AVAILABILITY</H2
|
|---|
| 3752 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3753 | +><B
|
|---|
| 3754 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 3755 | +>ping</B
|
|---|
| 3756 | +> is part of <TT
|
|---|
| 3757 | +CLASS="FILENAME"
|
|---|
| 3758 | +>iputils</TT
|
|---|
| 3759 | +> package
|
|---|
| 3760 | +and the latest versions are available in source form at
|
|---|
| 3761 | +<A
|
|---|
| 3762 | +HREF="http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2"
|
|---|
| 3763 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 3764 | +>http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2</A
|
|---|
| 3765 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 3766 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 3767 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 3768 | +CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
|---|
| 3769 | +><HR
|
|---|
| 3770 | +ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|---|
| 3771 | +WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
|
|---|
| 3772 | +SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
|
|---|
| 3773 | +WIDTH="100%"
|
|---|
| 3774 | +BORDER="0"
|
|---|
| 3775 | +CELLPADDING="0"
|
|---|
| 3776 | +CELLSPACING="0"
|
|---|
| 3777 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 3778 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 3779 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 3780 | +ALIGN="left"
|
|---|
| 3781 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 3782 | +><A
|
|---|
| 3783 | +HREF="index.html"
|
|---|
| 3784 | +ACCESSKEY="P"
|
|---|
| 3785 | +>Prev</A
|
|---|
| 3786 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 3787 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 3788 | +WIDTH="34%"
|
|---|
| 3789 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 3790 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 3791 | +><A
|
|---|
| 3792 | +HREF="index.html"
|
|---|
| 3793 | +ACCESSKEY="H"
|
|---|
| 3794 | +>Home</A
|
|---|
| 3795 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 3796 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 3797 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 3798 | +ALIGN="right"
|
|---|
| 3799 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 3800 | +><A
|
|---|
| 3801 | +HREF="r437.html"
|
|---|
| 3802 | +ACCESSKEY="N"
|
|---|
| 3803 | +>Next</A
|
|---|
| 3804 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 3805 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 3806 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 3807 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 3808 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 3809 | +ALIGN="left"
|
|---|
| 3810 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 3811 | +>System Manager's Manual: iputils</TD
|
|---|
| 3812 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 3813 | +WIDTH="34%"
|
|---|
| 3814 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 3815 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 3816 | +> </TD
|
|---|
| 3817 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 3818 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 3819 | +ALIGN="right"
|
|---|
| 3820 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 3821 | +>arping</TD
|
|---|
| 3822 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 3823 | +></TABLE
|
|---|
| 3824 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 3825 | +></BODY
|
|---|
| 3826 | +></HTML
|
|---|
| 3827 | +>
|
|---|
| 3828 | \ No newline at end of file
|
|---|
| [ecc1136] | 3829 | diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r437.html iputils-s20101006/doc/r437.html
|
|---|
| 3830 | --- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r437.html 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
|
|---|
| 3831 | +++ iputils-s20101006/doc/r437.html 2011-01-08 20:09:49.571531343 -0500
|
|---|
| [8867e46] | 3832 | @@ -0,0 +1,598 @@
|
|---|
| 3833 | +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
|
|---|
| 3834 | +<HTML
|
|---|
| 3835 | +><HEAD
|
|---|
| 3836 | +><TITLE
|
|---|
| 3837 | +>arping</TITLE
|
|---|
| 3838 | +><META
|
|---|
| 3839 | +NAME="GENERATOR"
|
|---|
| 3840 | +CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
|
|---|
| 3841 | +REL="HOME"
|
|---|
| 3842 | +TITLE="System Manager's Manual: iputils"
|
|---|
| 3843 | +HREF="index.html"><LINK
|
|---|
| 3844 | +REL="PREVIOUS"
|
|---|
| 3845 | +TITLE="ping"
|
|---|
| 3846 | +HREF="r3.html"><LINK
|
|---|
| 3847 | +REL="NEXT"
|
|---|
| 3848 | +TITLE="clockdiff"
|
|---|
| 3849 | +HREF="r596.html"></HEAD
|
|---|
| 3850 | +><BODY
|
|---|
| 3851 | +CLASS="REFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 3852 | +BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
|---|
| 3853 | +TEXT="#000000"
|
|---|
| 3854 | +LINK="#0000FF"
|
|---|
| 3855 | +VLINK="#840084"
|
|---|
| 3856 | +ALINK="#0000FF"
|
|---|
| 3857 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 3858 | +CLASS="NAVHEADER"
|
|---|
| 3859 | +><TABLE
|
|---|
| 3860 | +SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
|
|---|
| 3861 | +WIDTH="100%"
|
|---|
| 3862 | +BORDER="0"
|
|---|
| 3863 | +CELLPADDING="0"
|
|---|
| 3864 | +CELLSPACING="0"
|
|---|
| 3865 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 3866 | +><TH
|
|---|
| 3867 | +COLSPAN="3"
|
|---|
| 3868 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 3869 | +>System Manager's Manual: iputils</TH
|
|---|
| 3870 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 3871 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 3872 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 3873 | +WIDTH="10%"
|
|---|
| 3874 | +ALIGN="left"
|
|---|
| 3875 | +VALIGN="bottom"
|
|---|
| 3876 | +><A
|
|---|
| 3877 | +HREF="r3.html"
|
|---|
| 3878 | +ACCESSKEY="P"
|
|---|
| 3879 | +>Prev</A
|
|---|
| 3880 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 3881 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 3882 | +WIDTH="80%"
|
|---|
| 3883 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 3884 | +VALIGN="bottom"
|
|---|
| 3885 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 3886 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 3887 | +WIDTH="10%"
|
|---|
| 3888 | +ALIGN="right"
|
|---|
| 3889 | +VALIGN="bottom"
|
|---|
| 3890 | +><A
|
|---|
| 3891 | +HREF="r596.html"
|
|---|
| 3892 | +ACCESSKEY="N"
|
|---|
| 3893 | +>Next</A
|
|---|
| 3894 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 3895 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 3896 | +></TABLE
|
|---|
| 3897 | +><HR
|
|---|
| 3898 | +ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|---|
| 3899 | +WIDTH="100%"></DIV
|
|---|
| 3900 | +><H1
|
|---|
| 3901 | +><A
|
|---|
| 3902 | +NAME="ARPING"
|
|---|
| 3903 | +></A
|
|---|
| 3904 | +>arping</H1
|
|---|
| 3905 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 3906 | +CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
|
|---|
| 3907 | +><A
|
|---|
| 3908 | +NAME="AEN442"
|
|---|
| 3909 | +></A
|
|---|
| 3910 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 3911 | +>Name</H2
|
|---|
| 3912 | +>arping -- send ARP REQUEST to a neighbour host</DIV
|
|---|
| 3913 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 3914 | +CLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
|
|---|
| 3915 | +><A
|
|---|
| 3916 | +NAME="AEN445"
|
|---|
| 3917 | +></A
|
|---|
| 3918 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 3919 | +>Synopsis</H2
|
|---|
| 3920 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3921 | +><B
|
|---|
| 3922 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 3923 | +>arping</B
|
|---|
| 3924 | +> [<CODE
|
|---|
| 3925 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 3926 | +>-AbDfhqUV</CODE
|
|---|
| 3927 | +>] [-c <TT
|
|---|
| 3928 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3929 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3930 | +>count</I
|
|---|
| 3931 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3932 | +>] [-w <TT
|
|---|
| 3933 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3934 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3935 | +>deadline</I
|
|---|
| 3936 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3937 | +>] [-s <TT
|
|---|
| 3938 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3939 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3940 | +>source</I
|
|---|
| 3941 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3942 | +>] {-I <TT
|
|---|
| 3943 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3944 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3945 | +>interface</I
|
|---|
| 3946 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3947 | +>} {<TT
|
|---|
| 3948 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3949 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3950 | +>destination</I
|
|---|
| 3951 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3952 | +>}</P
|
|---|
| 3953 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 3954 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 3955 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 3956 | +><A
|
|---|
| 3957 | +NAME="AEN460"
|
|---|
| 3958 | +></A
|
|---|
| 3959 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 3960 | +>DESCRIPTION</H2
|
|---|
| 3961 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3962 | +>Ping <TT
|
|---|
| 3963 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3964 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3965 | +>destination</I
|
|---|
| 3966 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3967 | +> on device <TT
|
|---|
| 3968 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3969 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3970 | +>interface</I
|
|---|
| 3971 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3972 | +> by ARP packets,
|
|---|
| 3973 | +using source address <TT
|
|---|
| 3974 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 3975 | +><I
|
|---|
| 3976 | +>source</I
|
|---|
| 3977 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 3978 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 3979 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 3980 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 3981 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 3982 | +><A
|
|---|
| 3983 | +NAME="AEN466"
|
|---|
| 3984 | +></A
|
|---|
| 3985 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 3986 | +>OPTIONS</H2
|
|---|
| 3987 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3988 | +></P
|
|---|
| 3989 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 3990 | +CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
|
|---|
| 3991 | +><DL
|
|---|
| 3992 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 3993 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 3994 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 3995 | +>-A</CODE
|
|---|
| 3996 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 3997 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 3998 | +><P
|
|---|
| 3999 | +>The same as <CODE
|
|---|
| 4000 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 4001 | +>-U</CODE
|
|---|
| 4002 | +>, but ARP REPLY packets used instead
|
|---|
| 4003 | +of ARP REQUEST.
|
|---|
| 4004 | + </P
|
|---|
| 4005 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 4006 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 4007 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 4008 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 4009 | +>-b</CODE
|
|---|
| 4010 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 4011 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 4012 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4013 | +>Send only MAC level broadcasts. Normally <B
|
|---|
| 4014 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 4015 | +>arping</B
|
|---|
| 4016 | +> starts
|
|---|
| 4017 | +from sending broadcast, and switch to unicast after reply received.
|
|---|
| 4018 | + </P
|
|---|
| 4019 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 4020 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 4021 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 4022 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 4023 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4024 | +NAME="ARPING.COUNT"
|
|---|
| 4025 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4026 | +>-c <TT
|
|---|
| 4027 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 4028 | +><I
|
|---|
| 4029 | +>count</I
|
|---|
| 4030 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 4031 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 4032 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 4033 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 4034 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4035 | +>Stop after sending <TT
|
|---|
| 4036 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 4037 | +><I
|
|---|
| 4038 | +>count</I
|
|---|
| 4039 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 4040 | +> ARP REQUEST
|
|---|
| 4041 | +packets. With
|
|---|
| 4042 | +<A
|
|---|
| 4043 | +HREF="r437.html#ARPING.DEADLINE"
|
|---|
| 4044 | +><TT
|
|---|
| 4045 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 4046 | +><I
|
|---|
| 4047 | +>deadline</I
|
|---|
| 4048 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 4049 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4050 | +>
|
|---|
| 4051 | +option, <B
|
|---|
| 4052 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 4053 | +>arping</B
|
|---|
| 4054 | +> waits for
|
|---|
| 4055 | +<TT
|
|---|
| 4056 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 4057 | +><I
|
|---|
| 4058 | +>count</I
|
|---|
| 4059 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 4060 | +> ARP REPLY packets, until the timeout expires.
|
|---|
| 4061 | + </P
|
|---|
| 4062 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 4063 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 4064 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 4065 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 4066 | +>-D</CODE
|
|---|
| 4067 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 4068 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 4069 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4070 | +>Duplicate address detection mode (DAD). See
|
|---|
| 4071 | +<A
|
|---|
| 4072 | +HREF="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2131.txt"
|
|---|
| 4073 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 4074 | +>RFC2131, 4.4.1</A
|
|---|
| 4075 | +>.
|
|---|
| 4076 | +Returns 0, if DAD succeeded i.e. no replies are received
|
|---|
| 4077 | + </P
|
|---|
| 4078 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 4079 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 4080 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 4081 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 4082 | +>-f</CODE
|
|---|
| 4083 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 4084 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 4085 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4086 | +>Finish after the first reply confirming that target is alive.
|
|---|
| 4087 | + </P
|
|---|
| 4088 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 4089 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 4090 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 4091 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 4092 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4093 | +NAME="OPT.INTERFACE"
|
|---|
| 4094 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4095 | +>-I <TT
|
|---|
| 4096 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 4097 | +><I
|
|---|
| 4098 | +>interface</I
|
|---|
| 4099 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 4100 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 4101 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 4102 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 4103 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4104 | +>Name of network device where to send ARP REQUEST packets. This option
|
|---|
| 4105 | +is required.
|
|---|
| 4106 | + </P
|
|---|
| 4107 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 4108 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 4109 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 4110 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 4111 | +>-h</CODE
|
|---|
| 4112 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 4113 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 4114 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4115 | +>Print help page and exit.
|
|---|
| 4116 | + </P
|
|---|
| 4117 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 4118 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 4119 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 4120 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 4121 | +>-q</CODE
|
|---|
| 4122 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 4123 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 4124 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4125 | +>Quiet output. Nothing is displayed.
|
|---|
| 4126 | + </P
|
|---|
| 4127 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 4128 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 4129 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 4130 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 4131 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4132 | +NAME="OPT.SOURCE"
|
|---|
| 4133 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4134 | +>-s <TT
|
|---|
| 4135 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 4136 | +><I
|
|---|
| 4137 | +>source</I
|
|---|
| 4138 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 4139 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 4140 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 4141 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 4142 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4143 | +>IP source address to use in ARP packets.
|
|---|
| 4144 | +If this option is absent, source address is:
|
|---|
| 4145 | + <P
|
|---|
| 4146 | +></P
|
|---|
| 4147 | +><UL
|
|---|
| 4148 | +><LI
|
|---|
| 4149 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4150 | +>In DAD mode (with option <CODE
|
|---|
| 4151 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 4152 | +>-D</CODE
|
|---|
| 4153 | +>) set to 0.0.0.0.
|
|---|
| 4154 | + </P
|
|---|
| 4155 | +></LI
|
|---|
| 4156 | +><LI
|
|---|
| 4157 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4158 | +>In Unsolicited ARP mode (with options <CODE
|
|---|
| 4159 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 4160 | +>-U</CODE
|
|---|
| 4161 | +> or <CODE
|
|---|
| 4162 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 4163 | +>-A</CODE
|
|---|
| 4164 | +>)
|
|---|
| 4165 | +set to <TT
|
|---|
| 4166 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 4167 | +><I
|
|---|
| 4168 | +>destination</I
|
|---|
| 4169 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 4170 | +>.
|
|---|
| 4171 | + </P
|
|---|
| 4172 | +></LI
|
|---|
| 4173 | +><LI
|
|---|
| 4174 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4175 | +>Otherwise, it is calculated from routing tables.
|
|---|
| 4176 | + </P
|
|---|
| 4177 | +></LI
|
|---|
| 4178 | +></UL
|
|---|
| 4179 | +>
|
|---|
| 4180 | + </P
|
|---|
| 4181 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 4182 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 4183 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 4184 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 4185 | +>-U</CODE
|
|---|
| 4186 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 4187 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 4188 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4189 | +>Unsolicited ARP mode to update neighbours' ARP caches.
|
|---|
| 4190 | +No replies are expected.
|
|---|
| 4191 | + </P
|
|---|
| 4192 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 4193 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 4194 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 4195 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 4196 | +>-V</CODE
|
|---|
| 4197 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 4198 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 4199 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4200 | +>Print version of the program and exit.
|
|---|
| 4201 | + </P
|
|---|
| 4202 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 4203 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 4204 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 4205 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 4206 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4207 | +NAME="ARPING.DEADLINE"
|
|---|
| 4208 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4209 | +>-w <TT
|
|---|
| 4210 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 4211 | +><I
|
|---|
| 4212 | +>deadline</I
|
|---|
| 4213 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 4214 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 4215 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 4216 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 4217 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4218 | +>Specify a timeout, in seconds, before
|
|---|
| 4219 | +<B
|
|---|
| 4220 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 4221 | +>arping</B
|
|---|
| 4222 | +>
|
|---|
| 4223 | +exits regardless of how many
|
|---|
| 4224 | +packets have been sent or received. In this case
|
|---|
| 4225 | +<B
|
|---|
| 4226 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 4227 | +>arping</B
|
|---|
| 4228 | +>
|
|---|
| 4229 | +does not stop after
|
|---|
| 4230 | +<A
|
|---|
| 4231 | +HREF="r437.html#ARPING.COUNT"
|
|---|
| 4232 | +><TT
|
|---|
| 4233 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 4234 | +><I
|
|---|
| 4235 | +>count</I
|
|---|
| 4236 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 4237 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4238 | +>
|
|---|
| 4239 | +packet are sent, it waits either for
|
|---|
| 4240 | +<A
|
|---|
| 4241 | +HREF="r437.html#ARPING.DEADLINE"
|
|---|
| 4242 | +><TT
|
|---|
| 4243 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 4244 | +><I
|
|---|
| 4245 | +>deadline</I
|
|---|
| 4246 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 4247 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4248 | +>
|
|---|
| 4249 | +expire or until
|
|---|
| 4250 | +<A
|
|---|
| 4251 | +HREF="r437.html#ARPING.COUNT"
|
|---|
| 4252 | +><TT
|
|---|
| 4253 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 4254 | +><I
|
|---|
| 4255 | +>count</I
|
|---|
| 4256 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 4257 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4258 | +>
|
|---|
| 4259 | +probes are answered.
|
|---|
| 4260 | + </P
|
|---|
| 4261 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 4262 | +></DL
|
|---|
| 4263 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 4264 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 4265 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 4266 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 4267 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4268 | +NAME="AEN564"
|
|---|
| 4269 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4270 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 4271 | +>SEE ALSO</H2
|
|---|
| 4272 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4273 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4274 | +HREF="r3.html"
|
|---|
| 4275 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 4276 | +CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 4277 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 4278 | +CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|---|
| 4279 | +>ping</SPAN
|
|---|
| 4280 | +>(8)</SPAN
|
|---|
| 4281 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4282 | +>,
|
|---|
| 4283 | +<A
|
|---|
| 4284 | +HREF="r596.html"
|
|---|
| 4285 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 4286 | +CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 4287 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 4288 | +CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|---|
| 4289 | +>clockdiff</SPAN
|
|---|
| 4290 | +>(8)</SPAN
|
|---|
| 4291 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4292 | +>,
|
|---|
| 4293 | +<A
|
|---|
| 4294 | +HREF="r790.html"
|
|---|
| 4295 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 4296 | +CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 4297 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 4298 | +CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|---|
| 4299 | +>tracepath</SPAN
|
|---|
| 4300 | +>(8)</SPAN
|
|---|
| 4301 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4302 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 4303 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 4304 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 4305 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 4306 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4307 | +NAME="AEN579"
|
|---|
| 4308 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4309 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 4310 | +>AUTHOR</H2
|
|---|
| 4311 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4312 | +><B
|
|---|
| 4313 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 4314 | +>arping</B
|
|---|
| 4315 | +> was written by
|
|---|
| 4316 | +<A
|
|---|
| 4317 | +HREF="mailto:kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru"
|
|---|
| 4318 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 4319 | +>Alexey Kuznetsov
|
|---|
| 4320 | +<kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru></A
|
|---|
| 4321 | +>.
|
|---|
| 4322 | +It is now maintained by
|
|---|
| 4323 | +<A
|
|---|
| 4324 | +HREF="mailto:yoshfuji@skbuff.net"
|
|---|
| 4325 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 4326 | +>YOSHIFUJI Hideaki
|
|---|
| 4327 | +<yoshfuji@skbuff.net></A
|
|---|
| 4328 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 4329 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 4330 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 4331 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 4332 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4333 | +NAME="AEN585"
|
|---|
| 4334 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4335 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 4336 | +>SECURITY</H2
|
|---|
| 4337 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4338 | +><B
|
|---|
| 4339 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 4340 | +>arping</B
|
|---|
| 4341 | +> requires <CODE
|
|---|
| 4342 | +CLASS="CONSTANT"
|
|---|
| 4343 | +>CAP_NET_RAWIO</CODE
|
|---|
| 4344 | +> capability
|
|---|
| 4345 | +to be executed. It is not recommended to be used as set-uid root,
|
|---|
| 4346 | +because it allows user to modify ARP caches of neighbour hosts.</P
|
|---|
| 4347 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 4348 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 4349 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 4350 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4351 | +NAME="AEN590"
|
|---|
| 4352 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4353 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 4354 | +>AVAILABILITY</H2
|
|---|
| 4355 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4356 | +><B
|
|---|
| 4357 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 4358 | +>arping</B
|
|---|
| 4359 | +> is part of <TT
|
|---|
| 4360 | +CLASS="FILENAME"
|
|---|
| 4361 | +>iputils</TT
|
|---|
| 4362 | +> package
|
|---|
| 4363 | +and the latest versions are available in source form at
|
|---|
| 4364 | +<A
|
|---|
| 4365 | +HREF="http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2"
|
|---|
| 4366 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 4367 | +>http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2</A
|
|---|
| 4368 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 4369 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 4370 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 4371 | +CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
|---|
| 4372 | +><HR
|
|---|
| 4373 | +ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|---|
| 4374 | +WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
|
|---|
| 4375 | +SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
|
|---|
| 4376 | +WIDTH="100%"
|
|---|
| 4377 | +BORDER="0"
|
|---|
| 4378 | +CELLPADDING="0"
|
|---|
| 4379 | +CELLSPACING="0"
|
|---|
| 4380 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 4381 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 4382 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 4383 | +ALIGN="left"
|
|---|
| 4384 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 4385 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4386 | +HREF="r3.html"
|
|---|
| 4387 | +ACCESSKEY="P"
|
|---|
| 4388 | +>Prev</A
|
|---|
| 4389 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 4390 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 4391 | +WIDTH="34%"
|
|---|
| 4392 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 4393 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 4394 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4395 | +HREF="index.html"
|
|---|
| 4396 | +ACCESSKEY="H"
|
|---|
| 4397 | +>Home</A
|
|---|
| 4398 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 4399 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 4400 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 4401 | +ALIGN="right"
|
|---|
| 4402 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 4403 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4404 | +HREF="r596.html"
|
|---|
| 4405 | +ACCESSKEY="N"
|
|---|
| 4406 | +>Next</A
|
|---|
| 4407 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 4408 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 4409 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 4410 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 4411 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 4412 | +ALIGN="left"
|
|---|
| 4413 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 4414 | +>ping</TD
|
|---|
| 4415 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 4416 | +WIDTH="34%"
|
|---|
| 4417 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 4418 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 4419 | +> </TD
|
|---|
| 4420 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 4421 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 4422 | +ALIGN="right"
|
|---|
| 4423 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 4424 | +>clockdiff</TD
|
|---|
| 4425 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 4426 | +></TABLE
|
|---|
| 4427 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 4428 | +></BODY
|
|---|
| 4429 | +></HTML
|
|---|
| 4430 | +>
|
|---|
| 4431 | \ No newline at end of file
|
|---|
| [ecc1136] | 4432 | diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r596.html iputils-s20101006/doc/r596.html
|
|---|
| 4433 | --- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r596.html 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
|
|---|
| 4434 | +++ iputils-s20101006/doc/r596.html 2011-01-08 20:09:49.582999920 -0500
|
|---|
| [8867e46] | 4435 | @@ -0,0 +1,428 @@
|
|---|
| 4436 | +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
|
|---|
| 4437 | +<HTML
|
|---|
| 4438 | +><HEAD
|
|---|
| 4439 | +><TITLE
|
|---|
| 4440 | +>clockdiff</TITLE
|
|---|
| 4441 | +><META
|
|---|
| 4442 | +NAME="GENERATOR"
|
|---|
| 4443 | +CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
|
|---|
| 4444 | +REL="HOME"
|
|---|
| 4445 | +TITLE="System Manager's Manual: iputils"
|
|---|
| 4446 | +HREF="index.html"><LINK
|
|---|
| 4447 | +REL="PREVIOUS"
|
|---|
| 4448 | +TITLE="arping"
|
|---|
| 4449 | +HREF="r437.html"><LINK
|
|---|
| 4450 | +REL="NEXT"
|
|---|
| 4451 | +TITLE="rarpd"
|
|---|
| 4452 | +HREF="r691.html"></HEAD
|
|---|
| 4453 | +><BODY
|
|---|
| 4454 | +CLASS="REFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 4455 | +BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
|---|
| 4456 | +TEXT="#000000"
|
|---|
| 4457 | +LINK="#0000FF"
|
|---|
| 4458 | +VLINK="#840084"
|
|---|
| 4459 | +ALINK="#0000FF"
|
|---|
| 4460 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 4461 | +CLASS="NAVHEADER"
|
|---|
| 4462 | +><TABLE
|
|---|
| 4463 | +SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
|
|---|
| 4464 | +WIDTH="100%"
|
|---|
| 4465 | +BORDER="0"
|
|---|
| 4466 | +CELLPADDING="0"
|
|---|
| 4467 | +CELLSPACING="0"
|
|---|
| 4468 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 4469 | +><TH
|
|---|
| 4470 | +COLSPAN="3"
|
|---|
| 4471 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 4472 | +>System Manager's Manual: iputils</TH
|
|---|
| 4473 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 4474 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 4475 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 4476 | +WIDTH="10%"
|
|---|
| 4477 | +ALIGN="left"
|
|---|
| 4478 | +VALIGN="bottom"
|
|---|
| 4479 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4480 | +HREF="r437.html"
|
|---|
| 4481 | +ACCESSKEY="P"
|
|---|
| 4482 | +>Prev</A
|
|---|
| 4483 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 4484 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 4485 | +WIDTH="80%"
|
|---|
| 4486 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 4487 | +VALIGN="bottom"
|
|---|
| 4488 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 4489 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 4490 | +WIDTH="10%"
|
|---|
| 4491 | +ALIGN="right"
|
|---|
| 4492 | +VALIGN="bottom"
|
|---|
| 4493 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4494 | +HREF="r691.html"
|
|---|
| 4495 | +ACCESSKEY="N"
|
|---|
| 4496 | +>Next</A
|
|---|
| 4497 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 4498 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 4499 | +></TABLE
|
|---|
| 4500 | +><HR
|
|---|
| 4501 | +ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|---|
| 4502 | +WIDTH="100%"></DIV
|
|---|
| 4503 | +><H1
|
|---|
| 4504 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4505 | +NAME="CLOCKDIFF"
|
|---|
| 4506 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4507 | +>clockdiff</H1
|
|---|
| 4508 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 4509 | +CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
|
|---|
| 4510 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4511 | +NAME="AEN601"
|
|---|
| 4512 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4513 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 4514 | +>Name</H2
|
|---|
| 4515 | +>clockdiff -- measure clock difference between hosts</DIV
|
|---|
| 4516 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 4517 | +CLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
|
|---|
| 4518 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4519 | +NAME="AEN604"
|
|---|
| 4520 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4521 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 4522 | +>Synopsis</H2
|
|---|
| 4523 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4524 | +><B
|
|---|
| 4525 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 4526 | +>clockdiff</B
|
|---|
| 4527 | +> [<CODE
|
|---|
| 4528 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 4529 | +>-o</CODE
|
|---|
| 4530 | +>] [<CODE
|
|---|
| 4531 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 4532 | +>-o1</CODE
|
|---|
| 4533 | +>] {<TT
|
|---|
| 4534 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 4535 | +><I
|
|---|
| 4536 | +>destination</I
|
|---|
| 4537 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 4538 | +>}</P
|
|---|
| 4539 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 4540 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 4541 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 4542 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4543 | +NAME="AEN613"
|
|---|
| 4544 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4545 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 4546 | +>DESCRIPTION</H2
|
|---|
| 4547 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4548 | +><B
|
|---|
| 4549 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 4550 | +>clockdiff</B
|
|---|
| 4551 | +> Measures clock difference between us and
|
|---|
| 4552 | +<TT
|
|---|
| 4553 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 4554 | +><I
|
|---|
| 4555 | +>destination</I
|
|---|
| 4556 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 4557 | +> with 1 msec resolution using ICMP TIMESTAMP
|
|---|
| 4558 | +<A
|
|---|
| 4559 | +HREF="r596.html#CLOCKDIFF.ICMP-TIMESTAMP"
|
|---|
| 4560 | +>[2]</A
|
|---|
| 4561 | +>
|
|---|
| 4562 | +packets or, optionally, IP TIMESTAMP option
|
|---|
| 4563 | +<A
|
|---|
| 4564 | +HREF="r596.html#CLOCKDIFF.IP-TIMESTAMP"
|
|---|
| 4565 | +>[3]</A
|
|---|
| 4566 | +>
|
|---|
| 4567 | +option added to ICMP ECHO.
|
|---|
| 4568 | +<A
|
|---|
| 4569 | +HREF="r596.html#CLOCKDIFF.ICMP-ECHO"
|
|---|
| 4570 | +>[1]</A
|
|---|
| 4571 | +></P
|
|---|
| 4572 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 4573 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 4574 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 4575 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4576 | +NAME="AEN621"
|
|---|
| 4577 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4578 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 4579 | +>OPTIONS</H2
|
|---|
| 4580 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4581 | +></P
|
|---|
| 4582 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 4583 | +CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
|
|---|
| 4584 | +><DL
|
|---|
| 4585 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 4586 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 4587 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 4588 | +>-o</CODE
|
|---|
| 4589 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 4590 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 4591 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4592 | +>Use IP TIMESTAMP with ICMP ECHO instead of ICMP TIMESTAMP
|
|---|
| 4593 | +messages. It is useful with some destinations, which do not support
|
|---|
| 4594 | +ICMP TIMESTAMP (f.e. Solaris <2.4).
|
|---|
| 4595 | + </P
|
|---|
| 4596 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 4597 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 4598 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 4599 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 4600 | +>-o1</CODE
|
|---|
| 4601 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 4602 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 4603 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4604 | +>Slightly different form of <CODE
|
|---|
| 4605 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 4606 | +>-o</CODE
|
|---|
| 4607 | +>, namely it uses three-term
|
|---|
| 4608 | +IP TIMESTAMP with prespecified hop addresses instead of four term one.
|
|---|
| 4609 | +What flavor works better depends on target host. Particularly,
|
|---|
| 4610 | +<CODE
|
|---|
| 4611 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 4612 | +>-o</CODE
|
|---|
| 4613 | +> is better for Linux.
|
|---|
| 4614 | + </P
|
|---|
| 4615 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 4616 | +></DL
|
|---|
| 4617 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 4618 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 4619 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 4620 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 4621 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4622 | +NAME="AEN636"
|
|---|
| 4623 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4624 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 4625 | +>WARNINGS</H2
|
|---|
| 4626 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4627 | +></P
|
|---|
| 4628 | +><UL
|
|---|
| 4629 | +><LI
|
|---|
| 4630 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4631 | +>Some nodes (Cisco) use non-standard timestamps, which is allowed
|
|---|
| 4632 | +by RFC, but makes timestamps mostly useless.
|
|---|
| 4633 | + </P
|
|---|
| 4634 | +></LI
|
|---|
| 4635 | +><LI
|
|---|
| 4636 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4637 | +>Some nodes generate messed timestamps (Solaris>2.4), when
|
|---|
| 4638 | +run <B
|
|---|
| 4639 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 4640 | +>xntpd</B
|
|---|
| 4641 | +>. Seems, its IP stack uses a corrupted clock source,
|
|---|
| 4642 | +which is synchronized to time-of-day clock periodically and jumps
|
|---|
| 4643 | +randomly making timestamps mostly useless. Good news is that you can
|
|---|
| 4644 | +use NTP in this case, which is even better.
|
|---|
| 4645 | + </P
|
|---|
| 4646 | +></LI
|
|---|
| 4647 | +><LI
|
|---|
| 4648 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4649 | +><B
|
|---|
| 4650 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 4651 | +>clockdiff</B
|
|---|
| 4652 | +> shows difference in time modulo 24 days.
|
|---|
| 4653 | + </P
|
|---|
| 4654 | +></LI
|
|---|
| 4655 | +></UL
|
|---|
| 4656 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 4657 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 4658 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 4659 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4660 | +NAME="AEN647"
|
|---|
| 4661 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4662 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 4663 | +>SEE ALSO</H2
|
|---|
| 4664 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4665 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4666 | +HREF="r3.html"
|
|---|
| 4667 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 4668 | +CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 4669 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 4670 | +CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|---|
| 4671 | +>ping</SPAN
|
|---|
| 4672 | +>(8)</SPAN
|
|---|
| 4673 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4674 | +>,
|
|---|
| 4675 | +<A
|
|---|
| 4676 | +HREF="r437.html"
|
|---|
| 4677 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 4678 | +CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 4679 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 4680 | +CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|---|
| 4681 | +>arping</SPAN
|
|---|
| 4682 | +>(8)</SPAN
|
|---|
| 4683 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4684 | +>,
|
|---|
| 4685 | +<A
|
|---|
| 4686 | +HREF="r790.html"
|
|---|
| 4687 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 4688 | +CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 4689 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 4690 | +CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|---|
| 4691 | +>tracepath</SPAN
|
|---|
| 4692 | +>(8)</SPAN
|
|---|
| 4693 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4694 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 4695 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 4696 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 4697 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 4698 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4699 | +NAME="AEN662"
|
|---|
| 4700 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4701 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 4702 | +>REFERENCES</H2
|
|---|
| 4703 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4704 | +>[1] <A
|
|---|
| 4705 | +NAME="CLOCKDIFF.ICMP-ECHO"
|
|---|
| 4706 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4707 | +>ICMP ECHO,
|
|---|
| 4708 | +<A
|
|---|
| 4709 | +HREF="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc792.txt"
|
|---|
| 4710 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 4711 | +>RFC0792, page 14</A
|
|---|
| 4712 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 4713 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4714 | +>[2] <A
|
|---|
| 4715 | +NAME="CLOCKDIFF.ICMP-TIMESTAMP"
|
|---|
| 4716 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4717 | +>ICMP TIMESTAMP,
|
|---|
| 4718 | +<A
|
|---|
| 4719 | +HREF="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc792.txt"
|
|---|
| 4720 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 4721 | +>RFC0792, page 16</A
|
|---|
| 4722 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 4723 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4724 | +>[3] <A
|
|---|
| 4725 | +NAME="CLOCKDIFF.IP-TIMESTAMP"
|
|---|
| 4726 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4727 | +>IP TIMESTAMP option,
|
|---|
| 4728 | +<A
|
|---|
| 4729 | +HREF="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc791.txt"
|
|---|
| 4730 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 4731 | +>RFC0791, 3.1, page 16</A
|
|---|
| 4732 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 4733 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 4734 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 4735 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 4736 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4737 | +NAME="AEN673"
|
|---|
| 4738 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4739 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 4740 | +>AUTHOR</H2
|
|---|
| 4741 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4742 | +><B
|
|---|
| 4743 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 4744 | +>clockdiff</B
|
|---|
| 4745 | +> was compiled by
|
|---|
| 4746 | +<A
|
|---|
| 4747 | +HREF="mailto:kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru"
|
|---|
| 4748 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 4749 | +>Alexey Kuznetsov
|
|---|
| 4750 | +<kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru></A
|
|---|
| 4751 | +>. It was based on code borrowed
|
|---|
| 4752 | +from BSD <B
|
|---|
| 4753 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 4754 | +>timed</B
|
|---|
| 4755 | +> daemon.
|
|---|
| 4756 | +It is now maintained by
|
|---|
| 4757 | +<A
|
|---|
| 4758 | +HREF="mailto:yoshfuji@skbuff.net"
|
|---|
| 4759 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 4760 | +>YOSHIFUJI Hideaki
|
|---|
| 4761 | +<yoshfuji@skbuff.net></A
|
|---|
| 4762 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 4763 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 4764 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 4765 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 4766 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4767 | +NAME="AEN680"
|
|---|
| 4768 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4769 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 4770 | +>SECURITY</H2
|
|---|
| 4771 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4772 | +><B
|
|---|
| 4773 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 4774 | +>clockdiff</B
|
|---|
| 4775 | +> requires <CODE
|
|---|
| 4776 | +CLASS="CONSTANT"
|
|---|
| 4777 | +>CAP_NET_RAWIO</CODE
|
|---|
| 4778 | +> capability
|
|---|
| 4779 | +to be executed. It is safe to be used as set-uid root.</P
|
|---|
| 4780 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 4781 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 4782 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 4783 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4784 | +NAME="AEN685"
|
|---|
| 4785 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4786 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 4787 | +>AVAILABILITY</H2
|
|---|
| 4788 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4789 | +><B
|
|---|
| 4790 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 4791 | +>clockdiff</B
|
|---|
| 4792 | +> is part of <TT
|
|---|
| 4793 | +CLASS="FILENAME"
|
|---|
| 4794 | +>iputils</TT
|
|---|
| 4795 | +> package
|
|---|
| 4796 | +and the latest versions are available in source form at
|
|---|
| 4797 | +<A
|
|---|
| 4798 | +HREF="http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2"
|
|---|
| 4799 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 4800 | +>http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2</A
|
|---|
| 4801 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 4802 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 4803 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 4804 | +CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
|---|
| 4805 | +><HR
|
|---|
| 4806 | +ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|---|
| 4807 | +WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
|
|---|
| 4808 | +SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
|
|---|
| 4809 | +WIDTH="100%"
|
|---|
| 4810 | +BORDER="0"
|
|---|
| 4811 | +CELLPADDING="0"
|
|---|
| 4812 | +CELLSPACING="0"
|
|---|
| 4813 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 4814 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 4815 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 4816 | +ALIGN="left"
|
|---|
| 4817 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 4818 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4819 | +HREF="r437.html"
|
|---|
| 4820 | +ACCESSKEY="P"
|
|---|
| 4821 | +>Prev</A
|
|---|
| 4822 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 4823 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 4824 | +WIDTH="34%"
|
|---|
| 4825 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 4826 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 4827 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4828 | +HREF="index.html"
|
|---|
| 4829 | +ACCESSKEY="H"
|
|---|
| 4830 | +>Home</A
|
|---|
| 4831 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 4832 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 4833 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 4834 | +ALIGN="right"
|
|---|
| 4835 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 4836 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4837 | +HREF="r691.html"
|
|---|
| 4838 | +ACCESSKEY="N"
|
|---|
| 4839 | +>Next</A
|
|---|
| 4840 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 4841 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 4842 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 4843 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 4844 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 4845 | +ALIGN="left"
|
|---|
| 4846 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 4847 | +>arping</TD
|
|---|
| 4848 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 4849 | +WIDTH="34%"
|
|---|
| 4850 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 4851 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 4852 | +> </TD
|
|---|
| 4853 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 4854 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 4855 | +ALIGN="right"
|
|---|
| 4856 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 4857 | +>rarpd</TD
|
|---|
| 4858 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 4859 | +></TABLE
|
|---|
| 4860 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 4861 | +></BODY
|
|---|
| 4862 | +></HTML
|
|---|
| 4863 | +>
|
|---|
| 4864 | \ No newline at end of file
|
|---|
| [ecc1136] | 4865 | diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r691.html iputils-s20101006/doc/r691.html
|
|---|
| 4866 | --- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r691.html 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
|
|---|
| 4867 | +++ iputils-s20101006/doc/r691.html 2011-01-08 20:09:49.590918871 -0500
|
|---|
| [8867e46] | 4868 | @@ -0,0 +1,431 @@
|
|---|
| 4869 | +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
|
|---|
| 4870 | +<HTML
|
|---|
| 4871 | +><HEAD
|
|---|
| 4872 | +><TITLE
|
|---|
| 4873 | +>rarpd</TITLE
|
|---|
| 4874 | +><META
|
|---|
| 4875 | +NAME="GENERATOR"
|
|---|
| 4876 | +CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
|
|---|
| 4877 | +REL="HOME"
|
|---|
| 4878 | +TITLE="System Manager's Manual: iputils"
|
|---|
| 4879 | +HREF="index.html"><LINK
|
|---|
| 4880 | +REL="PREVIOUS"
|
|---|
| 4881 | +TITLE="clockdiff"
|
|---|
| 4882 | +HREF="r596.html"><LINK
|
|---|
| 4883 | +REL="NEXT"
|
|---|
| 4884 | +TITLE="tracepath"
|
|---|
| 4885 | +HREF="r790.html"></HEAD
|
|---|
| 4886 | +><BODY
|
|---|
| 4887 | +CLASS="REFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 4888 | +BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
|---|
| 4889 | +TEXT="#000000"
|
|---|
| 4890 | +LINK="#0000FF"
|
|---|
| 4891 | +VLINK="#840084"
|
|---|
| 4892 | +ALINK="#0000FF"
|
|---|
| 4893 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 4894 | +CLASS="NAVHEADER"
|
|---|
| 4895 | +><TABLE
|
|---|
| 4896 | +SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
|
|---|
| 4897 | +WIDTH="100%"
|
|---|
| 4898 | +BORDER="0"
|
|---|
| 4899 | +CELLPADDING="0"
|
|---|
| 4900 | +CELLSPACING="0"
|
|---|
| 4901 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 4902 | +><TH
|
|---|
| 4903 | +COLSPAN="3"
|
|---|
| 4904 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 4905 | +>System Manager's Manual: iputils</TH
|
|---|
| 4906 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 4907 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 4908 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 4909 | +WIDTH="10%"
|
|---|
| 4910 | +ALIGN="left"
|
|---|
| 4911 | +VALIGN="bottom"
|
|---|
| 4912 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4913 | +HREF="r596.html"
|
|---|
| 4914 | +ACCESSKEY="P"
|
|---|
| 4915 | +>Prev</A
|
|---|
| 4916 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 4917 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 4918 | +WIDTH="80%"
|
|---|
| 4919 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 4920 | +VALIGN="bottom"
|
|---|
| 4921 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 4922 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 4923 | +WIDTH="10%"
|
|---|
| 4924 | +ALIGN="right"
|
|---|
| 4925 | +VALIGN="bottom"
|
|---|
| 4926 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4927 | +HREF="r790.html"
|
|---|
| 4928 | +ACCESSKEY="N"
|
|---|
| 4929 | +>Next</A
|
|---|
| 4930 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 4931 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 4932 | +></TABLE
|
|---|
| 4933 | +><HR
|
|---|
| 4934 | +ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|---|
| 4935 | +WIDTH="100%"></DIV
|
|---|
| 4936 | +><H1
|
|---|
| 4937 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4938 | +NAME="RARPD"
|
|---|
| 4939 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4940 | +>rarpd</H1
|
|---|
| 4941 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 4942 | +CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
|
|---|
| 4943 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4944 | +NAME="AEN696"
|
|---|
| 4945 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4946 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 4947 | +>Name</H2
|
|---|
| 4948 | +>rarpd -- answer RARP REQUESTs</DIV
|
|---|
| 4949 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 4950 | +CLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
|
|---|
| 4951 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4952 | +NAME="AEN699"
|
|---|
| 4953 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4954 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 4955 | +>Synopsis</H2
|
|---|
| 4956 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4957 | +><B
|
|---|
| 4958 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 4959 | +>arping</B
|
|---|
| 4960 | +> [<CODE
|
|---|
| 4961 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 4962 | +>-aAvde</CODE
|
|---|
| 4963 | +>] [-b <TT
|
|---|
| 4964 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 4965 | +><I
|
|---|
| 4966 | +>bootdir</I
|
|---|
| 4967 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 4968 | +>] [<TT
|
|---|
| 4969 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 4970 | +><I
|
|---|
| 4971 | +>interface</I
|
|---|
| 4972 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 4973 | +>]</P
|
|---|
| 4974 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 4975 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 4976 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 4977 | +><A
|
|---|
| 4978 | +NAME="AEN708"
|
|---|
| 4979 | +></A
|
|---|
| 4980 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 4981 | +>DESCRIPTION</H2
|
|---|
| 4982 | +><P
|
|---|
| 4983 | +>Listens
|
|---|
| 4984 | +<A
|
|---|
| 4985 | +HREF="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc903.txt"
|
|---|
| 4986 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 4987 | +>RARP</A
|
|---|
| 4988 | +>
|
|---|
| 4989 | +requests from clients. Provided MAC address of client
|
|---|
| 4990 | +is found in <TT
|
|---|
| 4991 | +CLASS="FILENAME"
|
|---|
| 4992 | +>/etc/ethers</TT
|
|---|
| 4993 | +> database and
|
|---|
| 4994 | +obtained host name is resolvable to an IP address appropriate
|
|---|
| 4995 | +for attached network, <B
|
|---|
| 4996 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 4997 | +>rarpd</B
|
|---|
| 4998 | +> answers to client with RARPD
|
|---|
| 4999 | +reply carrying an IP address.</P
|
|---|
| 5000 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5001 | +>To allow multiple boot servers on the network <B
|
|---|
| 5002 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 5003 | +>rarpd</B
|
|---|
| 5004 | +>
|
|---|
| 5005 | +optionally checks for presence Sun-like bootable image in TFTP directory.
|
|---|
| 5006 | +It should have form <KBD
|
|---|
| 5007 | +CLASS="USERINPUT"
|
|---|
| 5008 | +>Hexadecimal_IP.ARCH</KBD
|
|---|
| 5009 | +>, f.e. to load
|
|---|
| 5010 | +sparc 193.233.7.98 <TT
|
|---|
| 5011 | +CLASS="FILENAME"
|
|---|
| 5012 | +>C1E90762.SUN4M</TT
|
|---|
| 5013 | +> is linked to
|
|---|
| 5014 | +an image appropriate for SUM4M in directory <TT
|
|---|
| 5015 | +CLASS="FILENAME"
|
|---|
| 5016 | +>/etc/tftpboot</TT
|
|---|
| 5017 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 5018 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 5019 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5020 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 5021 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5022 | +NAME="AEN719"
|
|---|
| 5023 | +></A
|
|---|
| 5024 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 5025 | +>WARNING</H2
|
|---|
| 5026 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5027 | +>This facility is deeply obsoleted by
|
|---|
| 5028 | +<A
|
|---|
| 5029 | +HREF="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc951.txt"
|
|---|
| 5030 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 5031 | +>BOOTP</A
|
|---|
| 5032 | +>
|
|---|
| 5033 | +and later
|
|---|
| 5034 | +<A
|
|---|
| 5035 | +HREF="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2131.txt"
|
|---|
| 5036 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 5037 | +>DHCP</A
|
|---|
| 5038 | +> protocols.
|
|---|
| 5039 | +However, some clients really still need this to boot.</P
|
|---|
| 5040 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 5041 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5042 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 5043 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5044 | +NAME="AEN724"
|
|---|
| 5045 | +></A
|
|---|
| 5046 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 5047 | +>OPTIONS</H2
|
|---|
| 5048 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5049 | +></P
|
|---|
| 5050 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5051 | +CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
|
|---|
| 5052 | +><DL
|
|---|
| 5053 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 5054 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 5055 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 5056 | +>-a</CODE
|
|---|
| 5057 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 5058 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 5059 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5060 | +>Listen on all the interfaces. Currently it is an internal
|
|---|
| 5061 | +option, its function is overridden with <TT
|
|---|
| 5062 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 5063 | +><I
|
|---|
| 5064 | +>interface</I
|
|---|
| 5065 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 5066 | +>
|
|---|
| 5067 | +argument. It should not be used.
|
|---|
| 5068 | + </P
|
|---|
| 5069 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 5070 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 5071 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 5072 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 5073 | +>-A</CODE
|
|---|
| 5074 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 5075 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 5076 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5077 | +>Listen not only RARP but also ARP messages, some rare clients
|
|---|
| 5078 | +use ARP by some unknown reason.
|
|---|
| 5079 | + </P
|
|---|
| 5080 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 5081 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 5082 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 5083 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 5084 | +>-v</CODE
|
|---|
| 5085 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 5086 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 5087 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5088 | +>Be verbose.
|
|---|
| 5089 | + </P
|
|---|
| 5090 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 5091 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 5092 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 5093 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 5094 | +>-d</CODE
|
|---|
| 5095 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 5096 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 5097 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5098 | +>Debug mode. Do not go to background.
|
|---|
| 5099 | + </P
|
|---|
| 5100 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 5101 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 5102 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 5103 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 5104 | +>-e</CODE
|
|---|
| 5105 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 5106 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 5107 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5108 | +>Do not check for presence of a boot image, reply if MAC address
|
|---|
| 5109 | +resolves to a valid IP address using <TT
|
|---|
| 5110 | +CLASS="FILENAME"
|
|---|
| 5111 | +>/etc/ethers</TT
|
|---|
| 5112 | +>
|
|---|
| 5113 | +database and DNS.
|
|---|
| 5114 | + </P
|
|---|
| 5115 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 5116 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 5117 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 5118 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 5119 | +>-b <TT
|
|---|
| 5120 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 5121 | +><I
|
|---|
| 5122 | +>bootdir</I
|
|---|
| 5123 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 5124 | +></CODE
|
|---|
| 5125 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 5126 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 5127 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5128 | +>TFTP boot directory. Default is <TT
|
|---|
| 5129 | +CLASS="FILENAME"
|
|---|
| 5130 | +>/etc/tftpboot</TT
|
|---|
| 5131 | +>
|
|---|
| 5132 | + </P
|
|---|
| 5133 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 5134 | +></DL
|
|---|
| 5135 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 5136 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 5137 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5138 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 5139 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5140 | +NAME="AEN761"
|
|---|
| 5141 | +></A
|
|---|
| 5142 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 5143 | +>SEE ALSO</H2
|
|---|
| 5144 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5145 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5146 | +HREF="r437.html"
|
|---|
| 5147 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 5148 | +CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 5149 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 5150 | +CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|---|
| 5151 | +>arping</SPAN
|
|---|
| 5152 | +>(8)</SPAN
|
|---|
| 5153 | +></A
|
|---|
| 5154 | +>,
|
|---|
| 5155 | +<A
|
|---|
| 5156 | +HREF="r949.html"
|
|---|
| 5157 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 5158 | +CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 5159 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 5160 | +CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|---|
| 5161 | +>tftpd</SPAN
|
|---|
| 5162 | +>(8)</SPAN
|
|---|
| 5163 | +></A
|
|---|
| 5164 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 5165 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 5166 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5167 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 5168 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5169 | +NAME="AEN772"
|
|---|
| 5170 | +></A
|
|---|
| 5171 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 5172 | +>AUTHOR</H2
|
|---|
| 5173 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5174 | +><B
|
|---|
| 5175 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 5176 | +>rarpd</B
|
|---|
| 5177 | +> was written by
|
|---|
| 5178 | +<A
|
|---|
| 5179 | +HREF="mailto:kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru"
|
|---|
| 5180 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 5181 | +>Alexey Kuznetsov
|
|---|
| 5182 | +<kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru></A
|
|---|
| 5183 | +>.
|
|---|
| 5184 | +It is now maintained by
|
|---|
| 5185 | +<A
|
|---|
| 5186 | +HREF="mailto:yoshfuji@skbuff.net"
|
|---|
| 5187 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 5188 | +>YOSHIFUJI Hideaki
|
|---|
| 5189 | +<yoshfuji@skbuff.net></A
|
|---|
| 5190 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 5191 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 5192 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5193 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 5194 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5195 | +NAME="AEN778"
|
|---|
| 5196 | +></A
|
|---|
| 5197 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 5198 | +>SECURITY</H2
|
|---|
| 5199 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5200 | +><B
|
|---|
| 5201 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 5202 | +>rarpd</B
|
|---|
| 5203 | +> requires <CODE
|
|---|
| 5204 | +CLASS="CONSTANT"
|
|---|
| 5205 | +>CAP_NET_RAWIO</CODE
|
|---|
| 5206 | +> capability
|
|---|
| 5207 | +to listen and send RARP and ARP packets. It also needs <CODE
|
|---|
| 5208 | +CLASS="CONSTANT"
|
|---|
| 5209 | +>CAP_NET_ADMIN</CODE
|
|---|
| 5210 | +>
|
|---|
| 5211 | +to give to kernel hint for ARP resolution; this is not strictly required,
|
|---|
| 5212 | +but some (most of, to be more exact) clients are so badly broken that
|
|---|
| 5213 | +are not able to answer ARP before they are finally booted. This is
|
|---|
| 5214 | +not wonderful taking into account that clients using RARPD in 2002
|
|---|
| 5215 | +are all unsupported relic creatures of 90's and even earlier.</P
|
|---|
| 5216 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 5217 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5218 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 5219 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5220 | +NAME="AEN784"
|
|---|
| 5221 | +></A
|
|---|
| 5222 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 5223 | +>AVAILABILITY</H2
|
|---|
| 5224 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5225 | +><B
|
|---|
| 5226 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 5227 | +>rarpd</B
|
|---|
| 5228 | +> is part of <TT
|
|---|
| 5229 | +CLASS="FILENAME"
|
|---|
| 5230 | +>iputils</TT
|
|---|
| 5231 | +> package
|
|---|
| 5232 | +and the latest versions are available in source form at
|
|---|
| 5233 | +<A
|
|---|
| 5234 | +HREF="http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2"
|
|---|
| 5235 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 5236 | +>http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2</A
|
|---|
| 5237 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 5238 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 5239 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5240 | +CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
|---|
| 5241 | +><HR
|
|---|
| 5242 | +ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|---|
| 5243 | +WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
|
|---|
| 5244 | +SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
|
|---|
| 5245 | +WIDTH="100%"
|
|---|
| 5246 | +BORDER="0"
|
|---|
| 5247 | +CELLPADDING="0"
|
|---|
| 5248 | +CELLSPACING="0"
|
|---|
| 5249 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 5250 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 5251 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 5252 | +ALIGN="left"
|
|---|
| 5253 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 5254 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5255 | +HREF="r596.html"
|
|---|
| 5256 | +ACCESSKEY="P"
|
|---|
| 5257 | +>Prev</A
|
|---|
| 5258 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 5259 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 5260 | +WIDTH="34%"
|
|---|
| 5261 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 5262 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 5263 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5264 | +HREF="index.html"
|
|---|
| 5265 | +ACCESSKEY="H"
|
|---|
| 5266 | +>Home</A
|
|---|
| 5267 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 5268 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 5269 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 5270 | +ALIGN="right"
|
|---|
| 5271 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 5272 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5273 | +HREF="r790.html"
|
|---|
| 5274 | +ACCESSKEY="N"
|
|---|
| 5275 | +>Next</A
|
|---|
| 5276 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 5277 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 5278 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 5279 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 5280 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 5281 | +ALIGN="left"
|
|---|
| 5282 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 5283 | +>clockdiff</TD
|
|---|
| 5284 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 5285 | +WIDTH="34%"
|
|---|
| 5286 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 5287 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 5288 | +> </TD
|
|---|
| 5289 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 5290 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 5291 | +ALIGN="right"
|
|---|
| 5292 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 5293 | +>tracepath</TD
|
|---|
| 5294 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 5295 | +></TABLE
|
|---|
| 5296 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 5297 | +></BODY
|
|---|
| 5298 | +></HTML
|
|---|
| 5299 | +>
|
|---|
| 5300 | \ No newline at end of file
|
|---|
| [ecc1136] | 5301 | diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r790.html iputils-s20101006/doc/r790.html
|
|---|
| 5302 | --- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r790.html 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
|
|---|
| 5303 | +++ iputils-s20101006/doc/r790.html 2011-01-08 20:09:49.602668583 -0500
|
|---|
| [8867e46] | 5304 | @@ -0,0 +1,426 @@
|
|---|
| 5305 | +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
|
|---|
| 5306 | +<HTML
|
|---|
| 5307 | +><HEAD
|
|---|
| 5308 | +><TITLE
|
|---|
| 5309 | +>tracepath</TITLE
|
|---|
| 5310 | +><META
|
|---|
| 5311 | +NAME="GENERATOR"
|
|---|
| 5312 | +CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
|
|---|
| 5313 | +REL="HOME"
|
|---|
| 5314 | +TITLE="System Manager's Manual: iputils"
|
|---|
| 5315 | +HREF="index.html"><LINK
|
|---|
| 5316 | +REL="PREVIOUS"
|
|---|
| 5317 | +TITLE="rarpd"
|
|---|
| 5318 | +HREF="r691.html"><LINK
|
|---|
| 5319 | +REL="NEXT"
|
|---|
| 5320 | +TITLE="traceroute6"
|
|---|
| 5321 | +HREF="r884.html"></HEAD
|
|---|
| 5322 | +><BODY
|
|---|
| 5323 | +CLASS="REFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 5324 | +BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
|---|
| 5325 | +TEXT="#000000"
|
|---|
| 5326 | +LINK="#0000FF"
|
|---|
| 5327 | +VLINK="#840084"
|
|---|
| 5328 | +ALINK="#0000FF"
|
|---|
| 5329 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5330 | +CLASS="NAVHEADER"
|
|---|
| 5331 | +><TABLE
|
|---|
| 5332 | +SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
|
|---|
| 5333 | +WIDTH="100%"
|
|---|
| 5334 | +BORDER="0"
|
|---|
| 5335 | +CELLPADDING="0"
|
|---|
| 5336 | +CELLSPACING="0"
|
|---|
| 5337 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 5338 | +><TH
|
|---|
| 5339 | +COLSPAN="3"
|
|---|
| 5340 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 5341 | +>System Manager's Manual: iputils</TH
|
|---|
| 5342 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 5343 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 5344 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 5345 | +WIDTH="10%"
|
|---|
| 5346 | +ALIGN="left"
|
|---|
| 5347 | +VALIGN="bottom"
|
|---|
| 5348 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5349 | +HREF="r691.html"
|
|---|
| 5350 | +ACCESSKEY="P"
|
|---|
| 5351 | +>Prev</A
|
|---|
| 5352 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 5353 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 5354 | +WIDTH="80%"
|
|---|
| 5355 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 5356 | +VALIGN="bottom"
|
|---|
| 5357 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 5358 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 5359 | +WIDTH="10%"
|
|---|
| 5360 | +ALIGN="right"
|
|---|
| 5361 | +VALIGN="bottom"
|
|---|
| 5362 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5363 | +HREF="r884.html"
|
|---|
| 5364 | +ACCESSKEY="N"
|
|---|
| 5365 | +>Next</A
|
|---|
| 5366 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 5367 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 5368 | +></TABLE
|
|---|
| 5369 | +><HR
|
|---|
| 5370 | +ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|---|
| 5371 | +WIDTH="100%"></DIV
|
|---|
| 5372 | +><H1
|
|---|
| 5373 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5374 | +NAME="TRACEPATH"
|
|---|
| 5375 | +></A
|
|---|
| 5376 | +>tracepath</H1
|
|---|
| 5377 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5378 | +CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
|
|---|
| 5379 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5380 | +NAME="AEN795"
|
|---|
| 5381 | +></A
|
|---|
| 5382 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 5383 | +>Name</H2
|
|---|
| 5384 | +>tracepath, tracepath6 -- traces path to a network host discovering MTU along this path</DIV
|
|---|
| 5385 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5386 | +CLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
|
|---|
| 5387 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5388 | +NAME="AEN798"
|
|---|
| 5389 | +></A
|
|---|
| 5390 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 5391 | +>Synopsis</H2
|
|---|
| 5392 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5393 | +><B
|
|---|
| 5394 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 5395 | +>tracepath</B
|
|---|
| 5396 | +> [-n] [-b] [-l <TT
|
|---|
| 5397 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 5398 | +><I
|
|---|
| 5399 | +>pktlen</I
|
|---|
| 5400 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 5401 | +>] {<TT
|
|---|
| 5402 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 5403 | +><I
|
|---|
| 5404 | +>destination</I
|
|---|
| 5405 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 5406 | +>} [<TT
|
|---|
| 5407 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 5408 | +><I
|
|---|
| 5409 | +>port</I
|
|---|
| 5410 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 5411 | +>]</P
|
|---|
| 5412 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 5413 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5414 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 5415 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5416 | +NAME="AEN809"
|
|---|
| 5417 | +></A
|
|---|
| 5418 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 5419 | +>DESCRIPTION</H2
|
|---|
| 5420 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5421 | +>It traces path to <TT
|
|---|
| 5422 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 5423 | +><I
|
|---|
| 5424 | +>destination</I
|
|---|
| 5425 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 5426 | +> discovering MTU along this path.
|
|---|
| 5427 | +It uses UDP port <TT
|
|---|
| 5428 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 5429 | +><I
|
|---|
| 5430 | +>port</I
|
|---|
| 5431 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 5432 | +> or some random port.
|
|---|
| 5433 | +It is similar to <B
|
|---|
| 5434 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 5435 | +>traceroute</B
|
|---|
| [ecc1136] | 5436 | +>, only does not require superuser
|
|---|
| [8867e46] | 5437 | +privileges and has no fancy options.</P
|
|---|
| 5438 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5439 | +><B
|
|---|
| 5440 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 5441 | +>tracepath6</B
|
|---|
| 5442 | +> is good replacement for <B
|
|---|
| 5443 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 5444 | +>traceroute6</B
|
|---|
| 5445 | +>
|
|---|
| 5446 | +and classic example of application of Linux error queues.
|
|---|
| 5447 | +The situation with IPv4 is worse, because commercial
|
|---|
| 5448 | +IP routers do not return enough information in icmp error messages.
|
|---|
| 5449 | +Probably, it will change, when they will be updated.
|
|---|
| 5450 | +For now it uses Van Jacobson's trick, sweeping a range
|
|---|
| 5451 | +of UDP ports to maintain trace history.</P
|
|---|
| 5452 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 5453 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5454 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 5455 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5456 | +NAME="AEN818"
|
|---|
| 5457 | +></A
|
|---|
| 5458 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 5459 | +>OPTIONS</H2
|
|---|
| 5460 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5461 | +></P
|
|---|
| 5462 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5463 | +CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
|
|---|
| 5464 | +><DL
|
|---|
| 5465 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 5466 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 5467 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 5468 | +>-n</CODE
|
|---|
| 5469 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 5470 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 5471 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5472 | +>Print primarily IP addresses numerically.
|
|---|
| 5473 | + </P
|
|---|
| 5474 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 5475 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 5476 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 5477 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 5478 | +>-b</CODE
|
|---|
| 5479 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 5480 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 5481 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5482 | +>Print both of host names and IP addresses.
|
|---|
| 5483 | + </P
|
|---|
| 5484 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 5485 | +><DT
|
|---|
| 5486 | +><CODE
|
|---|
| 5487 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 5488 | +>-l</CODE
|
|---|
| 5489 | +></DT
|
|---|
| 5490 | +><DD
|
|---|
| 5491 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5492 | +>Sets the initial packet length to <TT
|
|---|
| 5493 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 5494 | +><I
|
|---|
| 5495 | +>pktlen</I
|
|---|
| 5496 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 5497 | +> instead of
|
|---|
| 5498 | +65536 for <B
|
|---|
| 5499 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 5500 | +>tracepath</B
|
|---|
| 5501 | +> or 128000 for <B
|
|---|
| 5502 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 5503 | +>tracepath6</B
|
|---|
| 5504 | +>.
|
|---|
| 5505 | + </P
|
|---|
| 5506 | +></DD
|
|---|
| 5507 | +></DL
|
|---|
| 5508 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 5509 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 5510 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5511 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 5512 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5513 | +NAME="AEN839"
|
|---|
| 5514 | +></A
|
|---|
| 5515 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 5516 | +>OUTPUT</H2
|
|---|
| 5517 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5518 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5519 | +CLASS="LITERALLAYOUT"
|
|---|
| 5520 | +>root@mops:~ # tracepath6 3ffe:2400:0:109::2<br>
|
|---|
| 5521 | + 1?: [LOCALHOST] pmtu 1500<br>
|
|---|
| 5522 | + 1: dust.inr.ac.ru 0.411ms<br>
|
|---|
| 5523 | + 2: dust.inr.ac.ru asymm 1 0.390ms pmtu 1480<br>
|
|---|
| 5524 | + 2: 3ffe:2400:0:109::2 463.514ms reached<br>
|
|---|
| 5525 | + Resume: pmtu 1480 hops 2 back 2</P
|
|---|
| 5526 | +></P
|
|---|
| 5527 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5528 | +>The first column shows <TT
|
|---|
| 5529 | +CLASS="LITERAL"
|
|---|
| 5530 | +>TTL</TT
|
|---|
| 5531 | +> of the probe, followed by colon.
|
|---|
| 5532 | +Usually value of <TT
|
|---|
| 5533 | +CLASS="LITERAL"
|
|---|
| 5534 | +>TTL</TT
|
|---|
| 5535 | +> is obtained from reply from network,
|
|---|
| 5536 | +but sometimes reply does not contain necessary information and
|
|---|
| 5537 | +we have to guess it. In this case the number is followed by ?.</P
|
|---|
| 5538 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5539 | +>The second column shows the network hop, which replied to the probe.
|
|---|
| 5540 | +It is either address of router or word <TT
|
|---|
| 5541 | +CLASS="LITERAL"
|
|---|
| 5542 | +>[LOCALHOST]</TT
|
|---|
| 5543 | +>, if
|
|---|
| 5544 | +the probe was not sent to the network.</P
|
|---|
| 5545 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5546 | +>The rest of line shows miscellaneous information about path to
|
|---|
| 5547 | +the correspinding hetwork hop. As rule it contains value of RTT.
|
|---|
| 5548 | +Additionally, it can show Path MTU, when it changes.
|
|---|
| 5549 | +If the path is asymmetric
|
|---|
| 5550 | +or the probe finishes before it reach prescribed hop, difference
|
|---|
| 5551 | +between number of hops in forward and backward direction is shown
|
|---|
| [ecc1136] | 5552 | +following keyword <TT
|
|---|
| [8867e46] | 5553 | +CLASS="LITERAL"
|
|---|
| 5554 | +>async</TT
|
|---|
| 5555 | +>. This information is not reliable.
|
|---|
| 5556 | +F.e. the third line shows asymmetry of 1, it is because the first probe
|
|---|
| 5557 | +with TTL of 2 was rejected at the first hop due to Path MTU Discovery.</P
|
|---|
| 5558 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5559 | +>The last line summarizes information about all the path to the destination,
|
|---|
| 5560 | +it shows detected Path MTU, amount of hops to the destination and our
|
|---|
| 5561 | +guess about amount of hops from the destination to us, which can be
|
|---|
| 5562 | +different when the path is asymmetric.</P
|
|---|
| 5563 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 5564 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5565 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 5566 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5567 | +NAME="AEN851"
|
|---|
| 5568 | +></A
|
|---|
| 5569 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 5570 | +>SEE ALSO</H2
|
|---|
| 5571 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5572 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 5573 | +CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 5574 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 5575 | +CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|---|
| 5576 | +>traceroute</SPAN
|
|---|
| 5577 | +>(8)</SPAN
|
|---|
| 5578 | +>,
|
|---|
| 5579 | +<A
|
|---|
| 5580 | +HREF="r884.html"
|
|---|
| 5581 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 5582 | +CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 5583 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 5584 | +CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|---|
| 5585 | +>traceroute6</SPAN
|
|---|
| 5586 | +>(8)</SPAN
|
|---|
| 5587 | +></A
|
|---|
| 5588 | +>,
|
|---|
| 5589 | +<A
|
|---|
| 5590 | +HREF="r3.html"
|
|---|
| 5591 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 5592 | +CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 5593 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 5594 | +CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|---|
| 5595 | +>ping</SPAN
|
|---|
| 5596 | +>(8)</SPAN
|
|---|
| 5597 | +></A
|
|---|
| 5598 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 5599 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 5600 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5601 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 5602 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5603 | +NAME="AEN865"
|
|---|
| 5604 | +></A
|
|---|
| 5605 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 5606 | +>AUTHOR</H2
|
|---|
| 5607 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5608 | +><B
|
|---|
| 5609 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 5610 | +>tracepath</B
|
|---|
| 5611 | +> was written by
|
|---|
| 5612 | +<A
|
|---|
| 5613 | +HREF="mailto:kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru"
|
|---|
| 5614 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 5615 | +>Alexey Kuznetsov
|
|---|
| 5616 | +<kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru></A
|
|---|
| 5617 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 5618 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 5619 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5620 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 5621 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5622 | +NAME="AEN870"
|
|---|
| 5623 | +></A
|
|---|
| 5624 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 5625 | +>SECURITY</H2
|
|---|
| 5626 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5627 | +>No security issues.</P
|
|---|
| 5628 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5629 | +>This lapidary deserves to be elaborated.
|
|---|
| 5630 | +<B
|
|---|
| 5631 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 5632 | +>tracepath</B
|
|---|
| 5633 | +> is not a privileged program, unlike
|
|---|
| 5634 | +<B
|
|---|
| 5635 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 5636 | +>traceroute</B
|
|---|
| 5637 | +>, <B
|
|---|
| 5638 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 5639 | +>ping</B
|
|---|
| 5640 | +> and other beasts of this kind.
|
|---|
| 5641 | +<B
|
|---|
| 5642 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 5643 | +>tracepath</B
|
|---|
| 5644 | +> may be executed by everyone who has some access
|
|---|
| 5645 | +to network, enough to send UDP datagrams to investigated destination
|
|---|
| 5646 | +using given port.</P
|
|---|
| 5647 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 5648 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5649 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 5650 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5651 | +NAME="AEN878"
|
|---|
| 5652 | +></A
|
|---|
| 5653 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 5654 | +>AVAILABILITY</H2
|
|---|
| 5655 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5656 | +><B
|
|---|
| 5657 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 5658 | +>tracepath</B
|
|---|
| 5659 | +> is part of <TT
|
|---|
| 5660 | +CLASS="FILENAME"
|
|---|
| 5661 | +>iputils</TT
|
|---|
| 5662 | +> package
|
|---|
| 5663 | +and the latest versions are available in source form at
|
|---|
| 5664 | +<A
|
|---|
| 5665 | +HREF="http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2"
|
|---|
| 5666 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 5667 | +>http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2</A
|
|---|
| 5668 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 5669 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 5670 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5671 | +CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
|---|
| 5672 | +><HR
|
|---|
| 5673 | +ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|---|
| 5674 | +WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
|
|---|
| 5675 | +SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
|
|---|
| 5676 | +WIDTH="100%"
|
|---|
| 5677 | +BORDER="0"
|
|---|
| 5678 | +CELLPADDING="0"
|
|---|
| 5679 | +CELLSPACING="0"
|
|---|
| 5680 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 5681 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 5682 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 5683 | +ALIGN="left"
|
|---|
| 5684 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 5685 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5686 | +HREF="r691.html"
|
|---|
| 5687 | +ACCESSKEY="P"
|
|---|
| 5688 | +>Prev</A
|
|---|
| 5689 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 5690 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 5691 | +WIDTH="34%"
|
|---|
| 5692 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 5693 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 5694 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5695 | +HREF="index.html"
|
|---|
| 5696 | +ACCESSKEY="H"
|
|---|
| 5697 | +>Home</A
|
|---|
| 5698 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 5699 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 5700 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 5701 | +ALIGN="right"
|
|---|
| 5702 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 5703 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5704 | +HREF="r884.html"
|
|---|
| 5705 | +ACCESSKEY="N"
|
|---|
| 5706 | +>Next</A
|
|---|
| 5707 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 5708 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 5709 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 5710 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 5711 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 5712 | +ALIGN="left"
|
|---|
| 5713 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 5714 | +>rarpd</TD
|
|---|
| 5715 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 5716 | +WIDTH="34%"
|
|---|
| 5717 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 5718 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 5719 | +> </TD
|
|---|
| 5720 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 5721 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 5722 | +ALIGN="right"
|
|---|
| 5723 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 5724 | +>traceroute6</TD
|
|---|
| 5725 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 5726 | +></TABLE
|
|---|
| 5727 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 5728 | +></BODY
|
|---|
| 5729 | +></HTML
|
|---|
| 5730 | +>
|
|---|
| 5731 | \ No newline at end of file
|
|---|
| [ecc1136] | 5732 | diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r884.html iputils-s20101006/doc/r884.html
|
|---|
| 5733 | --- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r884.html 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
|
|---|
| 5734 | +++ iputils-s20101006/doc/r884.html 2011-01-08 20:09:49.606677412 -0500
|
|---|
| [8867e46] | 5735 | @@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
|
|---|
| 5736 | +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
|
|---|
| 5737 | +<HTML
|
|---|
| 5738 | +><HEAD
|
|---|
| 5739 | +><TITLE
|
|---|
| 5740 | +>traceroute6</TITLE
|
|---|
| 5741 | +><META
|
|---|
| 5742 | +NAME="GENERATOR"
|
|---|
| 5743 | +CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
|
|---|
| 5744 | +REL="HOME"
|
|---|
| 5745 | +TITLE="System Manager's Manual: iputils"
|
|---|
| 5746 | +HREF="index.html"><LINK
|
|---|
| 5747 | +REL="PREVIOUS"
|
|---|
| 5748 | +TITLE="tracepath"
|
|---|
| 5749 | +HREF="r790.html"><LINK
|
|---|
| 5750 | +REL="NEXT"
|
|---|
| 5751 | +TITLE="tftpd"
|
|---|
| 5752 | +HREF="r949.html"></HEAD
|
|---|
| 5753 | +><BODY
|
|---|
| 5754 | +CLASS="REFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 5755 | +BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
|---|
| 5756 | +TEXT="#000000"
|
|---|
| 5757 | +LINK="#0000FF"
|
|---|
| 5758 | +VLINK="#840084"
|
|---|
| 5759 | +ALINK="#0000FF"
|
|---|
| 5760 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5761 | +CLASS="NAVHEADER"
|
|---|
| 5762 | +><TABLE
|
|---|
| 5763 | +SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
|
|---|
| 5764 | +WIDTH="100%"
|
|---|
| 5765 | +BORDER="0"
|
|---|
| 5766 | +CELLPADDING="0"
|
|---|
| 5767 | +CELLSPACING="0"
|
|---|
| 5768 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 5769 | +><TH
|
|---|
| 5770 | +COLSPAN="3"
|
|---|
| 5771 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 5772 | +>System Manager's Manual: iputils</TH
|
|---|
| 5773 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 5774 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 5775 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 5776 | +WIDTH="10%"
|
|---|
| 5777 | +ALIGN="left"
|
|---|
| 5778 | +VALIGN="bottom"
|
|---|
| 5779 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5780 | +HREF="r790.html"
|
|---|
| 5781 | +ACCESSKEY="P"
|
|---|
| 5782 | +>Prev</A
|
|---|
| 5783 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 5784 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 5785 | +WIDTH="80%"
|
|---|
| 5786 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 5787 | +VALIGN="bottom"
|
|---|
| 5788 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 5789 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 5790 | +WIDTH="10%"
|
|---|
| 5791 | +ALIGN="right"
|
|---|
| 5792 | +VALIGN="bottom"
|
|---|
| 5793 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5794 | +HREF="r949.html"
|
|---|
| 5795 | +ACCESSKEY="N"
|
|---|
| 5796 | +>Next</A
|
|---|
| 5797 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 5798 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 5799 | +></TABLE
|
|---|
| 5800 | +><HR
|
|---|
| 5801 | +ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|---|
| 5802 | +WIDTH="100%"></DIV
|
|---|
| 5803 | +><H1
|
|---|
| 5804 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5805 | +NAME="TRACEROUTE6"
|
|---|
| 5806 | +></A
|
|---|
| 5807 | +>traceroute6</H1
|
|---|
| 5808 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5809 | +CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
|
|---|
| 5810 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5811 | +NAME="AEN889"
|
|---|
| 5812 | +></A
|
|---|
| 5813 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 5814 | +>Name</H2
|
|---|
| 5815 | +>traceroute6 -- traces path to a network host</DIV
|
|---|
| 5816 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5817 | +CLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
|
|---|
| 5818 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5819 | +NAME="AEN892"
|
|---|
| 5820 | +></A
|
|---|
| 5821 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 5822 | +>Synopsis</H2
|
|---|
| 5823 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5824 | +><B
|
|---|
| 5825 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 5826 | +>traceroute6</B
|
|---|
| 5827 | +> [<CODE
|
|---|
| 5828 | +CLASS="OPTION"
|
|---|
| 5829 | +>-dnrvV</CODE
|
|---|
| 5830 | +>] [-i <TT
|
|---|
| 5831 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 5832 | +><I
|
|---|
| 5833 | +>interface</I
|
|---|
| 5834 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 5835 | +>] [-m <TT
|
|---|
| 5836 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 5837 | +><I
|
|---|
| 5838 | +>max_ttl</I
|
|---|
| 5839 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 5840 | +>] [-p <TT
|
|---|
| 5841 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 5842 | +><I
|
|---|
| 5843 | +>port</I
|
|---|
| 5844 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 5845 | +>] [-q <TT
|
|---|
| 5846 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 5847 | +><I
|
|---|
| 5848 | +>max_probes</I
|
|---|
| 5849 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 5850 | +>] [-s <TT
|
|---|
| 5851 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 5852 | +><I
|
|---|
| 5853 | +>source</I
|
|---|
| 5854 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 5855 | +>] [-w <TT
|
|---|
| 5856 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 5857 | +><I
|
|---|
| 5858 | +>wait time</I
|
|---|
| 5859 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 5860 | +>] {<TT
|
|---|
| 5861 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 5862 | +><I
|
|---|
| 5863 | +>destination</I
|
|---|
| 5864 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 5865 | +>} [<TT
|
|---|
| 5866 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 5867 | +><I
|
|---|
| 5868 | +>size</I
|
|---|
| 5869 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 5870 | +>]</P
|
|---|
| 5871 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 5872 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5873 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 5874 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5875 | +NAME="AEN913"
|
|---|
| 5876 | +></A
|
|---|
| 5877 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 5878 | +>DESCRIPTION</H2
|
|---|
| 5879 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5880 | +>Description can be found in
|
|---|
| 5881 | +<SPAN
|
|---|
| 5882 | +CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 5883 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 5884 | +CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|---|
| 5885 | +>traceroute</SPAN
|
|---|
| 5886 | +>(8)</SPAN
|
|---|
| 5887 | +>,
|
|---|
| 5888 | +all the references to IP replaced to IPv6. It is needless to copy
|
|---|
| 5889 | +the description from there.</P
|
|---|
| 5890 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 5891 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5892 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 5893 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5894 | +NAME="AEN919"
|
|---|
| 5895 | +></A
|
|---|
| 5896 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 5897 | +>SEE ALSO</H2
|
|---|
| 5898 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5899 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 5900 | +CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 5901 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 5902 | +CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|---|
| 5903 | +>traceroute</SPAN
|
|---|
| 5904 | +>(8)</SPAN
|
|---|
| 5905 | +>,
|
|---|
| 5906 | +<SPAN
|
|---|
| 5907 | +CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 5908 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 5909 | +CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|---|
| 5910 | +>tracepath</SPAN
|
|---|
| 5911 | +>(8)</SPAN
|
|---|
| 5912 | +>,
|
|---|
| 5913 | +<SPAN
|
|---|
| 5914 | +CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 5915 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 5916 | +CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|---|
| 5917 | +>ping</SPAN
|
|---|
| 5918 | +>(8)</SPAN
|
|---|
| 5919 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 5920 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 5921 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5922 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 5923 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5924 | +NAME="AEN931"
|
|---|
| 5925 | +></A
|
|---|
| 5926 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 5927 | +>HISTORY</H2
|
|---|
| 5928 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5929 | +>This program has long history. Author of <B
|
|---|
| 5930 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 5931 | +>traceroute</B
|
|---|
| 5932 | +>
|
|---|
| 5933 | +is Van Jacobson and it first appeared in 1988. This clone is
|
|---|
| 5934 | +based on a port of <B
|
|---|
| 5935 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 5936 | +>traceroute</B
|
|---|
| 5937 | +> to IPv6 published
|
|---|
| 5938 | +in NRL IPv6 distribution in 1996. In turn, it was ported
|
|---|
| 5939 | +to Linux by Pedro Roque. After this it was kept in sync by
|
|---|
| 5940 | +<A
|
|---|
| 5941 | +HREF="mailto:kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru"
|
|---|
| 5942 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 5943 | +>Alexey Kuznetsov
|
|---|
| 5944 | +<kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru></A
|
|---|
| 5945 | +>. And eventually entered
|
|---|
| 5946 | +<B
|
|---|
| 5947 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 5948 | +>iputils</B
|
|---|
| 5949 | +> package.</P
|
|---|
| 5950 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 5951 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5952 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 5953 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5954 | +NAME="AEN938"
|
|---|
| 5955 | +></A
|
|---|
| 5956 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 5957 | +>SECURITY</H2
|
|---|
| 5958 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5959 | +><B
|
|---|
| 5960 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 5961 | +>tracepath6</B
|
|---|
| 5962 | +> requires <CODE
|
|---|
| 5963 | +CLASS="CONSTANT"
|
|---|
| 5964 | +>CAP_NET_RAWIO</CODE
|
|---|
| 5965 | +> capability
|
|---|
| 5966 | +to be executed. It is safe to be used as set-uid root.</P
|
|---|
| 5967 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 5968 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5969 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 5970 | +><A
|
|---|
| 5971 | +NAME="AEN943"
|
|---|
| 5972 | +></A
|
|---|
| 5973 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 5974 | +>AVAILABILITY</H2
|
|---|
| 5975 | +><P
|
|---|
| 5976 | +><B
|
|---|
| 5977 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 5978 | +>traceroute6</B
|
|---|
| 5979 | +> is part of <TT
|
|---|
| 5980 | +CLASS="FILENAME"
|
|---|
| 5981 | +>iputils</TT
|
|---|
| 5982 | +> package
|
|---|
| 5983 | +and the latest versions are available in source form at
|
|---|
| 5984 | +<A
|
|---|
| 5985 | +HREF="http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2"
|
|---|
| 5986 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 5987 | +>http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2</A
|
|---|
| 5988 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 5989 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 5990 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 5991 | +CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
|---|
| 5992 | +><HR
|
|---|
| 5993 | +ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|---|
| 5994 | +WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
|
|---|
| 5995 | +SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
|
|---|
| 5996 | +WIDTH="100%"
|
|---|
| 5997 | +BORDER="0"
|
|---|
| 5998 | +CELLPADDING="0"
|
|---|
| 5999 | +CELLSPACING="0"
|
|---|
| 6000 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 6001 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 6002 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 6003 | +ALIGN="left"
|
|---|
| 6004 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 6005 | +><A
|
|---|
| 6006 | +HREF="r790.html"
|
|---|
| 6007 | +ACCESSKEY="P"
|
|---|
| 6008 | +>Prev</A
|
|---|
| 6009 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 6010 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 6011 | +WIDTH="34%"
|
|---|
| 6012 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 6013 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 6014 | +><A
|
|---|
| 6015 | +HREF="index.html"
|
|---|
| 6016 | +ACCESSKEY="H"
|
|---|
| 6017 | +>Home</A
|
|---|
| 6018 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 6019 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 6020 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 6021 | +ALIGN="right"
|
|---|
| 6022 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 6023 | +><A
|
|---|
| 6024 | +HREF="r949.html"
|
|---|
| 6025 | +ACCESSKEY="N"
|
|---|
| 6026 | +>Next</A
|
|---|
| 6027 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 6028 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 6029 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 6030 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 6031 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 6032 | +ALIGN="left"
|
|---|
| 6033 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 6034 | +>tracepath</TD
|
|---|
| 6035 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 6036 | +WIDTH="34%"
|
|---|
| 6037 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 6038 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 6039 | +> </TD
|
|---|
| 6040 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 6041 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 6042 | +ALIGN="right"
|
|---|
| 6043 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 6044 | +>tftpd</TD
|
|---|
| 6045 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 6046 | +></TABLE
|
|---|
| 6047 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 6048 | +></BODY
|
|---|
| 6049 | +></HTML
|
|---|
| 6050 | +>
|
|---|
| 6051 | \ No newline at end of file
|
|---|
| [ecc1136] | 6052 | diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r949.html iputils-s20101006/doc/r949.html
|
|---|
| 6053 | --- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r949.html 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
|
|---|
| 6054 | +++ iputils-s20101006/doc/r949.html 2011-01-08 20:09:49.614834740 -0500
|
|---|
| [8867e46] | 6055 | @@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
|
|---|
| 6056 | +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
|
|---|
| 6057 | +<HTML
|
|---|
| 6058 | +><HEAD
|
|---|
| 6059 | +><TITLE
|
|---|
| 6060 | +>tftpd</TITLE
|
|---|
| 6061 | +><META
|
|---|
| 6062 | +NAME="GENERATOR"
|
|---|
| 6063 | +CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
|
|---|
| 6064 | +REL="HOME"
|
|---|
| 6065 | +TITLE="System Manager's Manual: iputils"
|
|---|
| 6066 | +HREF="index.html"><LINK
|
|---|
| 6067 | +REL="PREVIOUS"
|
|---|
| 6068 | +TITLE="traceroute6"
|
|---|
| 6069 | +HREF="r884.html"><LINK
|
|---|
| 6070 | +REL="NEXT"
|
|---|
| 6071 | +TITLE="rdisc"
|
|---|
| 6072 | +HREF="r1022.html"></HEAD
|
|---|
| 6073 | +><BODY
|
|---|
| 6074 | +CLASS="REFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 6075 | +BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
|---|
| 6076 | +TEXT="#000000"
|
|---|
| 6077 | +LINK="#0000FF"
|
|---|
| 6078 | +VLINK="#840084"
|
|---|
| 6079 | +ALINK="#0000FF"
|
|---|
| 6080 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 6081 | +CLASS="NAVHEADER"
|
|---|
| 6082 | +><TABLE
|
|---|
| 6083 | +SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
|
|---|
| 6084 | +WIDTH="100%"
|
|---|
| 6085 | +BORDER="0"
|
|---|
| 6086 | +CELLPADDING="0"
|
|---|
| 6087 | +CELLSPACING="0"
|
|---|
| 6088 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 6089 | +><TH
|
|---|
| 6090 | +COLSPAN="3"
|
|---|
| 6091 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 6092 | +>System Manager's Manual: iputils</TH
|
|---|
| 6093 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 6094 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 6095 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 6096 | +WIDTH="10%"
|
|---|
| 6097 | +ALIGN="left"
|
|---|
| 6098 | +VALIGN="bottom"
|
|---|
| 6099 | +><A
|
|---|
| 6100 | +HREF="r884.html"
|
|---|
| 6101 | +ACCESSKEY="P"
|
|---|
| 6102 | +>Prev</A
|
|---|
| 6103 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 6104 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 6105 | +WIDTH="80%"
|
|---|
| 6106 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 6107 | +VALIGN="bottom"
|
|---|
| 6108 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 6109 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 6110 | +WIDTH="10%"
|
|---|
| 6111 | +ALIGN="right"
|
|---|
| 6112 | +VALIGN="bottom"
|
|---|
| 6113 | +><A
|
|---|
| 6114 | +HREF="r1022.html"
|
|---|
| 6115 | +ACCESSKEY="N"
|
|---|
| 6116 | +>Next</A
|
|---|
| 6117 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 6118 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 6119 | +></TABLE
|
|---|
| 6120 | +><HR
|
|---|
| 6121 | +ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|---|
| 6122 | +WIDTH="100%"></DIV
|
|---|
| 6123 | +><H1
|
|---|
| 6124 | +><A
|
|---|
| 6125 | +NAME="TFTPD"
|
|---|
| 6126 | +></A
|
|---|
| 6127 | +>tftpd</H1
|
|---|
| 6128 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 6129 | +CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
|
|---|
| 6130 | +><A
|
|---|
| 6131 | +NAME="AEN954"
|
|---|
| 6132 | +></A
|
|---|
| 6133 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 6134 | +>Name</H2
|
|---|
| 6135 | +>tftpd -- Trivial File Transfer Protocol server</DIV
|
|---|
| 6136 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 6137 | +CLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
|
|---|
| 6138 | +><A
|
|---|
| 6139 | +NAME="AEN957"
|
|---|
| 6140 | +></A
|
|---|
| 6141 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 6142 | +>Synopsis</H2
|
|---|
| 6143 | +><P
|
|---|
| 6144 | +><B
|
|---|
| 6145 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 6146 | +>tftpd</B
|
|---|
| 6147 | +> {<TT
|
|---|
| 6148 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 6149 | +><I
|
|---|
| 6150 | +>directory</I
|
|---|
| 6151 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 6152 | +>}</P
|
|---|
| 6153 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 6154 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 6155 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 6156 | +><A
|
|---|
| 6157 | +NAME="AEN962"
|
|---|
| 6158 | +></A
|
|---|
| 6159 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 6160 | +>DESCRIPTION</H2
|
|---|
| 6161 | +><P
|
|---|
| 6162 | +><B
|
|---|
| 6163 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 6164 | +>tftpd</B
|
|---|
| 6165 | +> is a server which supports the DARPA
|
|---|
| 6166 | +Trivial File Transfer Protocol
|
|---|
| 6167 | +(<A
|
|---|
| 6168 | +HREF="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1350.txt"
|
|---|
| 6169 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 6170 | +>RFC1350</A
|
|---|
| 6171 | +>).
|
|---|
| 6172 | +The TFTP server is started
|
|---|
| 6173 | +by <SPAN
|
|---|
| 6174 | +CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 6175 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 6176 | +CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|---|
| 6177 | +>inetd</SPAN
|
|---|
| 6178 | +>(8)</SPAN
|
|---|
| 6179 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 6180 | +><P
|
|---|
| 6181 | +><TT
|
|---|
| 6182 | +CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|---|
| 6183 | +><I
|
|---|
| 6184 | +>directory</I
|
|---|
| 6185 | +></TT
|
|---|
| 6186 | +> is required argument; if it is not given
|
|---|
| 6187 | +<B
|
|---|
| 6188 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 6189 | +>tftpd</B
|
|---|
| 6190 | +> aborts. This path is prepended to any file name requested
|
|---|
| 6191 | +via TFTP protocol, effectively chrooting <B
|
|---|
| 6192 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 6193 | +>tftpd</B
|
|---|
| 6194 | +> to this directory.
|
|---|
| 6195 | +File names are validated not to escape out of this directory, however
|
|---|
| 6196 | +administrator may configure such escape using symbolic links.</P
|
|---|
| 6197 | +><P
|
|---|
| 6198 | +>It is in difference of variants of <B
|
|---|
| 6199 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 6200 | +>tftpd</B
|
|---|
| 6201 | +> usually distributed
|
|---|
| 6202 | +with unix-like systems, which take a list of directories and match
|
|---|
| 6203 | +file names to start from one of given prefixes or to some random
|
|---|
| 6204 | +default, when no arguments were given. There are two reasons not to
|
|---|
| 6205 | +behave in this way: first, it is inconvenient, clients are not expected
|
|---|
| 6206 | +to know something about layout of filesystem on server host.
|
|---|
| 6207 | +And second, TFTP protocol is not a tool for browsing of server's filesystem,
|
|---|
| 6208 | +it is just an agent allowing to boot dumb clients. </P
|
|---|
| 6209 | +><P
|
|---|
| 6210 | +>In the case when <B
|
|---|
| 6211 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 6212 | +>tftpd</B
|
|---|
| 6213 | +> is used together with
|
|---|
| 6214 | +<A
|
|---|
| 6215 | +HREF="r691.html"
|
|---|
| 6216 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 6217 | +CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 6218 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 6219 | +CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|---|
| 6220 | +>rarpd</SPAN
|
|---|
| 6221 | +>(8)</SPAN
|
|---|
| 6222 | +></A
|
|---|
| 6223 | +>,
|
|---|
| 6224 | +tftp directories in these services should coincide and it is expected
|
|---|
| 6225 | +that each client booted via TFTP has boot image corresponding
|
|---|
| 6226 | +its IP address with an architecture suffix following Sun Microsystems
|
|---|
| 6227 | +conventions. See
|
|---|
| 6228 | +<A
|
|---|
| 6229 | +HREF="r691.html"
|
|---|
| 6230 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 6231 | +CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 6232 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 6233 | +CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|---|
| 6234 | +>rarpd</SPAN
|
|---|
| 6235 | +>(8)</SPAN
|
|---|
| 6236 | +></A
|
|---|
| 6237 | +>
|
|---|
| 6238 | +for more details.</P
|
|---|
| 6239 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 6240 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 6241 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 6242 | +><A
|
|---|
| 6243 | +NAME="AEN986"
|
|---|
| 6244 | +></A
|
|---|
| 6245 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 6246 | +>SECURITY</H2
|
|---|
| 6247 | +><P
|
|---|
| 6248 | +>TFTP protocol does not provide any authentication.
|
|---|
| 6249 | +Due to this capital flaw <B
|
|---|
| 6250 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 6251 | +>tftpd</B
|
|---|
| 6252 | +> is not able to restrict
|
|---|
| 6253 | +access to files and will allow only publically readable
|
|---|
| 6254 | +files to be accessed. Files may be written only if they already
|
|---|
| 6255 | +exist and are publically writable.</P
|
|---|
| 6256 | +><P
|
|---|
| 6257 | +>Impact is evident, directory exported via TFTP <SPAN
|
|---|
| 6258 | +CLASS="emphasis"
|
|---|
| 6259 | +><I
|
|---|
| 6260 | +CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
|---|
| 6261 | +>must not</I
|
|---|
| 6262 | +></SPAN
|
|---|
| 6263 | +>
|
|---|
| 6264 | +contain sensitive information of any kind, everyone is allowed
|
|---|
| 6265 | +to read it as soon as a client is allowed. Boot images do not contain
|
|---|
| 6266 | +such information as rule, however you should think twice before
|
|---|
| 6267 | +publishing f.e. Cisco IOS config files via TFTP, they contain
|
|---|
| 6268 | +<SPAN
|
|---|
| 6269 | +CLASS="emphasis"
|
|---|
| 6270 | +><I
|
|---|
| 6271 | +CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
|---|
| 6272 | +>unencrypted</I
|
|---|
| 6273 | +></SPAN
|
|---|
| 6274 | +> passwords and may contain some information
|
|---|
| 6275 | +about the network, which you were not going to make public.</P
|
|---|
| 6276 | +><P
|
|---|
| 6277 | +>The <B
|
|---|
| 6278 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 6279 | +>tftpd</B
|
|---|
| 6280 | +> server should be executed by <B
|
|---|
| 6281 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 6282 | +>inetd</B
|
|---|
| 6283 | +>
|
|---|
| 6284 | +with dropped root privileges, namely with a user ID giving minimal
|
|---|
| 6285 | +access to files published in tftp directory. If it is executed
|
|---|
| 6286 | +as superuser occasionally, <B
|
|---|
| 6287 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 6288 | +>tftpd</B
|
|---|
| 6289 | +> drops its UID and GID
|
|---|
| 6290 | +to 65534, which is most likely not the thing which you expect.
|
|---|
| 6291 | +However, this is not very essential; remember, only files accessible
|
|---|
| 6292 | +for everyone can be read or written via TFTP.</P
|
|---|
| 6293 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 6294 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 6295 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 6296 | +><A
|
|---|
| 6297 | +NAME="AEN997"
|
|---|
| 6298 | +></A
|
|---|
| 6299 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 6300 | +>SEE ALSO</H2
|
|---|
| 6301 | +><P
|
|---|
| 6302 | +><A
|
|---|
| 6303 | +HREF="r691.html"
|
|---|
| 6304 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 6305 | +CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 6306 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 6307 | +CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|---|
| 6308 | +>rarpd</SPAN
|
|---|
| 6309 | +>(8)</SPAN
|
|---|
| 6310 | +></A
|
|---|
| 6311 | +>,
|
|---|
| 6312 | +<SPAN
|
|---|
| 6313 | +CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 6314 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 6315 | +CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|---|
| 6316 | +>tftp</SPAN
|
|---|
| 6317 | +>(1)</SPAN
|
|---|
| 6318 | +>,
|
|---|
| 6319 | +<SPAN
|
|---|
| 6320 | +CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
|
|---|
| 6321 | +><SPAN
|
|---|
| 6322 | +CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
|
|---|
| 6323 | +>inetd</SPAN
|
|---|
| 6324 | +>(8)</SPAN
|
|---|
| 6325 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 6326 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 6327 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 6328 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 6329 | +><A
|
|---|
| 6330 | +NAME="AEN1010"
|
|---|
| 6331 | +></A
|
|---|
| 6332 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 6333 | +>HISTORY</H2
|
|---|
| 6334 | +><P
|
|---|
| 6335 | +>The <B
|
|---|
| 6336 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 6337 | +>tftpd</B
|
|---|
| 6338 | +> command appeared in 4.2BSD. The source in iputils
|
|---|
| 6339 | +is cleaned up both syntactically (ANSIized) and semantically (UDP socket IO).</P
|
|---|
| 6340 | +><P
|
|---|
| 6341 | +>It is distributed with iputils mostly as good demo of an interesting feature
|
|---|
| 6342 | +(<CODE
|
|---|
| 6343 | +CLASS="CONSTANT"
|
|---|
| 6344 | +>MSG_CONFIRM</CODE
|
|---|
| 6345 | +>) allowing to boot long images by dumb clients
|
|---|
| 6346 | +not answering ARP requests until they are finally booted.
|
|---|
| 6347 | +However, this is full functional and can be used in production.</P
|
|---|
| 6348 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 6349 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 6350 | +CLASS="REFSECT1"
|
|---|
| 6351 | +><A
|
|---|
| 6352 | +NAME="AEN1016"
|
|---|
| 6353 | +></A
|
|---|
| 6354 | +><H2
|
|---|
| 6355 | +>AVAILABILITY</H2
|
|---|
| 6356 | +><P
|
|---|
| 6357 | +><B
|
|---|
| 6358 | +CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|---|
| 6359 | +>tftpd</B
|
|---|
| 6360 | +> is part of <TT
|
|---|
| 6361 | +CLASS="FILENAME"
|
|---|
| 6362 | +>iputils</TT
|
|---|
| 6363 | +> package
|
|---|
| 6364 | +and the latest versions are available in source form at
|
|---|
| 6365 | +<A
|
|---|
| 6366 | +HREF="http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2"
|
|---|
| 6367 | +TARGET="_top"
|
|---|
| 6368 | +>http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2</A
|
|---|
| 6369 | +>.</P
|
|---|
| 6370 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 6371 | +><DIV
|
|---|
| 6372 | +CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
|---|
| 6373 | +><HR
|
|---|
| 6374 | +ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|---|
| 6375 | +WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
|
|---|
| 6376 | +SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
|
|---|
| 6377 | +WIDTH="100%"
|
|---|
| 6378 | +BORDER="0"
|
|---|
| 6379 | +CELLPADDING="0"
|
|---|
| 6380 | +CELLSPACING="0"
|
|---|
| 6381 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 6382 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 6383 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 6384 | +ALIGN="left"
|
|---|
| 6385 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 6386 | +><A
|
|---|
| 6387 | +HREF="r884.html"
|
|---|
| 6388 | +ACCESSKEY="P"
|
|---|
| 6389 | +>Prev</A
|
|---|
| 6390 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 6391 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 6392 | +WIDTH="34%"
|
|---|
| 6393 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 6394 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 6395 | +><A
|
|---|
| 6396 | +HREF="index.html"
|
|---|
| 6397 | +ACCESSKEY="H"
|
|---|
| 6398 | +>Home</A
|
|---|
| 6399 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 6400 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 6401 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 6402 | +ALIGN="right"
|
|---|
| 6403 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 6404 | +><A
|
|---|
| 6405 | +HREF="r1022.html"
|
|---|
| 6406 | +ACCESSKEY="N"
|
|---|
| 6407 | +>Next</A
|
|---|
| 6408 | +></TD
|
|---|
| 6409 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 6410 | +><TR
|
|---|
| 6411 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 6412 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 6413 | +ALIGN="left"
|
|---|
| 6414 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 6415 | +>traceroute6</TD
|
|---|
| 6416 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 6417 | +WIDTH="34%"
|
|---|
| 6418 | +ALIGN="center"
|
|---|
| 6419 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 6420 | +> </TD
|
|---|
| 6421 | +><TD
|
|---|
| 6422 | +WIDTH="33%"
|
|---|
| 6423 | +ALIGN="right"
|
|---|
| 6424 | +VALIGN="top"
|
|---|
| 6425 | +>rdisc</TD
|
|---|
| 6426 | +></TR
|
|---|
| 6427 | +></TABLE
|
|---|
| 6428 | +></DIV
|
|---|
| 6429 | +></BODY
|
|---|
| 6430 | +></HTML
|
|---|
| 6431 | +>
|
|---|
| 6432 | \ No newline at end of file
|
|---|
| [ecc1136] | 6433 | diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/rarpd.8 iputils-s20101006/doc/rarpd.8
|
|---|
| 6434 | --- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/rarpd.8 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
|
|---|
| 6435 | +++ iputils-s20101006/doc/rarpd.8 2011-01-08 20:09:51.270811811 -0500
|
|---|
| [8867e46] | 6436 | @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
|
|---|
| 6437 | +.\" This manpage has been automatically generated by docbook2man
|
|---|
| 6438 | +.\" from a DocBook document. This tool can be found at:
|
|---|
| 6439 | +.\" <http://shell.ipoline.com/~elmert/comp/docbook2X/>
|
|---|
| 6440 | +.\" Please send any bug reports, improvements, comments, patches,
|
|---|
| 6441 | +.\" etc. to Steve Cheng <steve@ggi-project.org>.
|
|---|
| [ecc1136] | 6442 | +.TH "RARPD" "8" "08 January 2011" "iputils-101006" "System Manager's Manual: iputils"
|
|---|
| [8867e46] | 6443 | +.SH NAME
|
|---|
| 6444 | +rarpd \- answer RARP REQUESTs
|
|---|
| 6445 | +.SH SYNOPSIS
|
|---|
| 6446 | +
|
|---|
| 6447 | +\fBarping\fR [\fB-aAvde\fR] [\fB-b \fIbootdir\fB\fR] [\fB\fIinterface\fB\fR]
|
|---|
| 6448 | +
|
|---|
| 6449 | +.SH "DESCRIPTION"
|
|---|
| 6450 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6451 | +Listens
|
|---|
| 6452 | +RARP
|
|---|
| 6453 | +requests from clients. Provided MAC address of client
|
|---|
| 6454 | +is found in \fI/etc/ethers\fR database and
|
|---|
| 6455 | +obtained host name is resolvable to an IP address appropriate
|
|---|
| 6456 | +for attached network, \fBrarpd\fR answers to client with RARPD
|
|---|
| 6457 | +reply carrying an IP address.
|
|---|
| 6458 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6459 | +To allow multiple boot servers on the network \fBrarpd\fR
|
|---|
| 6460 | +optionally checks for presence Sun-like bootable image in TFTP directory.
|
|---|
| 6461 | +It should have form \fBHexadecimal_IP.ARCH\fR, f.e. to load
|
|---|
| 6462 | +sparc 193.233.7.98 \fIC1E90762.SUN4M\fR is linked to
|
|---|
| 6463 | +an image appropriate for SUM4M in directory \fI/etc/tftpboot\fR.
|
|---|
| 6464 | +.SH "WARNING"
|
|---|
| 6465 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6466 | +This facility is deeply obsoleted by
|
|---|
| 6467 | +BOOTP
|
|---|
| 6468 | +and later
|
|---|
| 6469 | +DHCP protocols.
|
|---|
| 6470 | +However, some clients really still need this to boot.
|
|---|
| 6471 | +.SH "OPTIONS"
|
|---|
| 6472 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 6473 | +\fB-a\fR
|
|---|
| 6474 | +Listen on all the interfaces. Currently it is an internal
|
|---|
| 6475 | +option, its function is overridden with \fIinterface\fR
|
|---|
| 6476 | +argument. It should not be used.
|
|---|
| 6477 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 6478 | +\fB-A\fR
|
|---|
| 6479 | +Listen not only RARP but also ARP messages, some rare clients
|
|---|
| 6480 | +use ARP by some unknown reason.
|
|---|
| 6481 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 6482 | +\fB-v\fR
|
|---|
| 6483 | +Be verbose.
|
|---|
| 6484 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 6485 | +\fB-d\fR
|
|---|
| 6486 | +Debug mode. Do not go to background.
|
|---|
| 6487 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 6488 | +\fB-e\fR
|
|---|
| 6489 | +Do not check for presence of a boot image, reply if MAC address
|
|---|
| 6490 | +resolves to a valid IP address using \fI/etc/ethers\fR
|
|---|
| 6491 | +database and DNS.
|
|---|
| 6492 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 6493 | +\fB-b \fIbootdir\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 6494 | +TFTP boot directory. Default is \fI/etc/tftpboot\fR
|
|---|
| 6495 | +.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|---|
| 6496 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6497 | +\fBarping\fR(8),
|
|---|
| 6498 | +\fBtftpd\fR(8).
|
|---|
| 6499 | +.SH "AUTHOR"
|
|---|
| 6500 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6501 | +\fBrarpd\fR was written by
|
|---|
| 6502 | +Alexey Kuznetsov
|
|---|
| 6503 | +<kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>.
|
|---|
| 6504 | +It is now maintained by
|
|---|
| 6505 | +YOSHIFUJI Hideaki
|
|---|
| 6506 | +<yoshfuji@skbuff.net>.
|
|---|
| 6507 | +.SH "SECURITY"
|
|---|
| 6508 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6509 | +\fBrarpd\fR requires CAP_NET_RAWIO capability
|
|---|
| 6510 | +to listen and send RARP and ARP packets. It also needs CAP_NET_ADMIN
|
|---|
| 6511 | +to give to kernel hint for ARP resolution; this is not strictly required,
|
|---|
| 6512 | +but some (most of, to be more exact) clients are so badly broken that
|
|---|
| 6513 | +are not able to answer ARP before they are finally booted. This is
|
|---|
| 6514 | +not wonderful taking into account that clients using RARPD in 2002
|
|---|
| 6515 | +are all unsupported relic creatures of 90's and even earlier.
|
|---|
| 6516 | +.SH "AVAILABILITY"
|
|---|
| 6517 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6518 | +\fBrarpd\fR is part of \fIiputils\fR package
|
|---|
| 6519 | +and the latest versions are available in source form at
|
|---|
| 6520 | +http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2.
|
|---|
| [ecc1136] | 6521 | diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/rdisc.8 iputils-s20101006/doc/rdisc.8
|
|---|
| 6522 | --- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/rdisc.8 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
|
|---|
| 6523 | +++ iputils-s20101006/doc/rdisc.8 2011-01-08 20:09:51.527155543 -0500
|
|---|
| [8867e46] | 6524 | @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
|
|---|
| 6525 | +.\" This manpage has been automatically generated by docbook2man
|
|---|
| 6526 | +.\" from a DocBook document. This tool can be found at:
|
|---|
| 6527 | +.\" <http://shell.ipoline.com/~elmert/comp/docbook2X/>
|
|---|
| 6528 | +.\" Please send any bug reports, improvements, comments, patches,
|
|---|
| 6529 | +.\" etc. to Steve Cheng <steve@ggi-project.org>.
|
|---|
| [ecc1136] | 6530 | +.TH "RDISC" "8" "08 January 2011" "iputils-101006" "System Manager's Manual: iputils"
|
|---|
| [8867e46] | 6531 | +.SH NAME
|
|---|
| 6532 | +rdisc \- network router discovery daemon
|
|---|
| 6533 | +.SH SYNOPSIS
|
|---|
| 6534 | +
|
|---|
| 6535 | +\fBrdisc\fR [\fB-abdfstvV\fR] [\fB\fIsend_address\fB\fR] [\fB\fIreceive_address\fB\fR]
|
|---|
| 6536 | +
|
|---|
| 6537 | +.SH "DESCRIPTION"
|
|---|
| 6538 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6539 | +\fBrdisc\fR implements client side of the ICMP router discover protocol.
|
|---|
| 6540 | +\fBrdisc\fR is invoked at boot time to populate the network
|
|---|
| 6541 | +routing tables with default routes.
|
|---|
| 6542 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6543 | +\fBrdisc\fR listens on the ALL_HOSTS (224.0.0.1) multicast address
|
|---|
| 6544 | +(or \fIreceive_address\fR provided it is given)
|
|---|
| 6545 | +for ROUTER_ADVERTISE messages from routers. The received
|
|---|
| 6546 | +messages are handled by first ignoring those listed router addresses
|
|---|
| 6547 | +with which the host does not share a network. Among the remaining addresses
|
|---|
| 6548 | +the ones with the highest preference are selected as default routers
|
|---|
| 6549 | +and a default route is entered in the kernel routing table
|
|---|
| 6550 | +for each one of them.
|
|---|
| 6551 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6552 | +Optionally, \fBrdisc\fR can avoid waiting for routers to announce
|
|---|
| 6553 | +themselves by sending out a few ROUTER_SOLICITATION messages
|
|---|
| 6554 | +to the ALL_ROUTERS (224.0.0.2) multicast address
|
|---|
| 6555 | +(or \fIsend_address\fR provided it is given)
|
|---|
| 6556 | +when it is started.
|
|---|
| 6557 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6558 | +A timer is associated with each router address and the address will
|
|---|
| 6559 | +no longer be considered for inclusion in the the routing tables if the
|
|---|
| 6560 | +timer expires before a new
|
|---|
| 6561 | +\fBadvertise\fR message is received from the router.
|
|---|
| 6562 | +The address will also be excluded from consideration if the host receives an
|
|---|
| 6563 | +\fBadvertise\fR
|
|---|
| 6564 | +message with the preference being maximally negative.
|
|---|
| 6565 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6566 | +Server side of router discovery protocol is supported by Cisco IOS
|
|---|
| 6567 | +and by any more or less complete UNIX routing daemon, f.e \fBgated\fR.
|
|---|
| 6568 | +.SH "OPTIONS"
|
|---|
| 6569 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 6570 | +\fB-a\fR
|
|---|
| 6571 | +Accept all routers independently of the preference they have in their
|
|---|
| 6572 | +\fBadvertise\fR messages.
|
|---|
| 6573 | +Normally \fBrdisc\fR only accepts (and enters in the kernel routing
|
|---|
| 6574 | +tables) the router or routers with the highest preference.
|
|---|
| 6575 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 6576 | +\fB-b\fR
|
|---|
| 6577 | +Opposite to \fB-a\fR, i.e. install only router with the best
|
|---|
| 6578 | +preference value. It is default behaviour.
|
|---|
| 6579 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 6580 | +\fB-d\fR
|
|---|
| 6581 | +Send debugging messages to syslog.
|
|---|
| 6582 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 6583 | +\fB-f\fR
|
|---|
| 6584 | +Run \fBrdisc\fR forever even if no routers are found.
|
|---|
| 6585 | +Normally \fBrdisc\fR gives up if it has not received any
|
|---|
| 6586 | +\fBadvertise\fR message after after soliciting three times,
|
|---|
| 6587 | +in which case it exits with a non-zero exit code.
|
|---|
| 6588 | +If \fB-f\fR is not specified in the first form then
|
|---|
| 6589 | +\fB-s\fR must be specified.
|
|---|
| 6590 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 6591 | +\fB-s\fR
|
|---|
| 6592 | +Send three \fBsolicitation\fR messages initially to quickly discover
|
|---|
| 6593 | +the routers when the system is booted.
|
|---|
| 6594 | +When \fB-s\fR is specified \fBrdisc\fR
|
|---|
| 6595 | +exits with a non-zero exit code if it can not find any routers.
|
|---|
| 6596 | +This can be overridden with the \fB-f\fR option.
|
|---|
| 6597 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 6598 | +\fB-t\fR
|
|---|
| 6599 | +Test mode. Do not go to background.
|
|---|
| 6600 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 6601 | +\fB-v\fR
|
|---|
| 6602 | +Be verbose i.e. send lots of debugging messages to syslog.
|
|---|
| 6603 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 6604 | +\fB-V\fR
|
|---|
| 6605 | +Print version and exit.
|
|---|
| 6606 | +.SH "HISTORY"
|
|---|
| 6607 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6608 | +This program was developed by Sun Microsystems (see copyright
|
|---|
| 6609 | +notice in source file). It was ported to Linux by
|
|---|
| 6610 | +Alexey Kuznetsov
|
|---|
| 6611 | +<kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>.
|
|---|
| 6612 | +It is now maintained by
|
|---|
| 6613 | +YOSHIFUJI Hideaki
|
|---|
| 6614 | +<yoshfuji@skbuff.net>.
|
|---|
| 6615 | +.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|---|
| 6616 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6617 | +\fBicmp\fR(7),
|
|---|
| 6618 | +\fBinet\fR(7),
|
|---|
| 6619 | +\fBping\fR(8).
|
|---|
| 6620 | +.SH "REFERENCES"
|
|---|
| 6621 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6622 | +Deering, S.E.,ed "ICMP Router Discovery Messages",
|
|---|
| 6623 | +RFC1256, Network Information Center, SRI International,
|
|---|
| 6624 | +Menlo Park, Calif., September 1991.
|
|---|
| 6625 | +.SH "SECURITY"
|
|---|
| 6626 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6627 | +\fBrdisc\fR requires CAP_NET_RAWIO to listen
|
|---|
| 6628 | +and send ICMP messages and capability CAP_NET_ADMIN
|
|---|
| 6629 | +to update routing tables.
|
|---|
| 6630 | +.SH "AVAILABILITY"
|
|---|
| 6631 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6632 | +\fBrdisc\fR is part of \fIiputils\fR package
|
|---|
| 6633 | +and the latest versions are available in source form at
|
|---|
| 6634 | +http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2.
|
|---|
| [ecc1136] | 6635 | diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/tftpd.8 iputils-s20101006/doc/tftpd.8
|
|---|
| 6636 | --- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/tftpd.8 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
|
|---|
| 6637 | +++ iputils-s20101006/doc/tftpd.8 2011-01-08 20:09:51.723407498 -0500
|
|---|
| [8867e46] | 6638 | @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
|
|---|
| 6639 | +.\" This manpage has been automatically generated by docbook2man
|
|---|
| 6640 | +.\" from a DocBook document. This tool can be found at:
|
|---|
| 6641 | +.\" <http://shell.ipoline.com/~elmert/comp/docbook2X/>
|
|---|
| 6642 | +.\" Please send any bug reports, improvements, comments, patches,
|
|---|
| 6643 | +.\" etc. to Steve Cheng <steve@ggi-project.org>.
|
|---|
| [ecc1136] | 6644 | +.TH "TFTPD" "8" "08 January 2011" "iputils-101006" "System Manager's Manual: iputils"
|
|---|
| [8867e46] | 6645 | +.SH NAME
|
|---|
| 6646 | +tftpd \- Trivial File Transfer Protocol server
|
|---|
| 6647 | +.SH SYNOPSIS
|
|---|
| 6648 | +
|
|---|
| 6649 | +\fBtftpd\fR \fB\fIdirectory\fB\fR
|
|---|
| 6650 | +
|
|---|
| 6651 | +.SH "DESCRIPTION"
|
|---|
| 6652 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6653 | +\fBtftpd\fR is a server which supports the DARPA
|
|---|
| 6654 | +Trivial File Transfer Protocol
|
|---|
| 6655 | +(RFC1350).
|
|---|
| 6656 | +The TFTP server is started
|
|---|
| 6657 | +by \fBinetd\fR(8).
|
|---|
| 6658 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6659 | +\fIdirectory\fR is required argument; if it is not given
|
|---|
| 6660 | +\fBtftpd\fR aborts. This path is prepended to any file name requested
|
|---|
| 6661 | +via TFTP protocol, effectively chrooting \fBtftpd\fR to this directory.
|
|---|
| 6662 | +File names are validated not to escape out of this directory, however
|
|---|
| 6663 | +administrator may configure such escape using symbolic links.
|
|---|
| 6664 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6665 | +It is in difference of variants of \fBtftpd\fR usually distributed
|
|---|
| 6666 | +with unix-like systems, which take a list of directories and match
|
|---|
| 6667 | +file names to start from one of given prefixes or to some random
|
|---|
| 6668 | +default, when no arguments were given. There are two reasons not to
|
|---|
| 6669 | +behave in this way: first, it is inconvenient, clients are not expected
|
|---|
| 6670 | +to know something about layout of filesystem on server host.
|
|---|
| 6671 | +And second, TFTP protocol is not a tool for browsing of server's filesystem,
|
|---|
| 6672 | +it is just an agent allowing to boot dumb clients.
|
|---|
| 6673 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6674 | +In the case when \fBtftpd\fR is used together with
|
|---|
| 6675 | +\fBrarpd\fR(8),
|
|---|
| 6676 | +tftp directories in these services should coincide and it is expected
|
|---|
| 6677 | +that each client booted via TFTP has boot image corresponding
|
|---|
| 6678 | +its IP address with an architecture suffix following Sun Microsystems
|
|---|
| 6679 | +conventions. See
|
|---|
| 6680 | +\fBrarpd\fR(8)
|
|---|
| 6681 | +for more details.
|
|---|
| 6682 | +.SH "SECURITY"
|
|---|
| 6683 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6684 | +TFTP protocol does not provide any authentication.
|
|---|
| 6685 | +Due to this capital flaw \fBtftpd\fR is not able to restrict
|
|---|
| 6686 | +access to files and will allow only publically readable
|
|---|
| 6687 | +files to be accessed. Files may be written only if they already
|
|---|
| 6688 | +exist and are publically writable.
|
|---|
| 6689 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6690 | +Impact is evident, directory exported via TFTP \fBmust not\fR
|
|---|
| 6691 | +contain sensitive information of any kind, everyone is allowed
|
|---|
| 6692 | +to read it as soon as a client is allowed. Boot images do not contain
|
|---|
| 6693 | +such information as rule, however you should think twice before
|
|---|
| 6694 | +publishing f.e. Cisco IOS config files via TFTP, they contain
|
|---|
| 6695 | +\fBunencrypted\fR passwords and may contain some information
|
|---|
| 6696 | +about the network, which you were not going to make public.
|
|---|
| 6697 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6698 | +The \fBtftpd\fR server should be executed by \fBinetd\fR
|
|---|
| 6699 | +with dropped root privileges, namely with a user ID giving minimal
|
|---|
| 6700 | +access to files published in tftp directory. If it is executed
|
|---|
| 6701 | +as superuser occasionally, \fBtftpd\fR drops its UID and GID
|
|---|
| 6702 | +to 65534, which is most likely not the thing which you expect.
|
|---|
| 6703 | +However, this is not very essential; remember, only files accessible
|
|---|
| 6704 | +for everyone can be read or written via TFTP.
|
|---|
| 6705 | +.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|---|
| 6706 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6707 | +\fBrarpd\fR(8),
|
|---|
| 6708 | +\fBtftp\fR(1),
|
|---|
| 6709 | +\fBinetd\fR(8).
|
|---|
| 6710 | +.SH "HISTORY"
|
|---|
| 6711 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6712 | +The \fBtftpd\fR command appeared in 4.2BSD. The source in iputils
|
|---|
| 6713 | +is cleaned up both syntactically (ANSIized) and semantically (UDP socket IO).
|
|---|
| 6714 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6715 | +It is distributed with iputils mostly as good demo of an interesting feature
|
|---|
| 6716 | +(MSG_CONFIRM) allowing to boot long images by dumb clients
|
|---|
| 6717 | +not answering ARP requests until they are finally booted.
|
|---|
| 6718 | +However, this is full functional and can be used in production.
|
|---|
| 6719 | +.SH "AVAILABILITY"
|
|---|
| 6720 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6721 | +\fBtftpd\fR is part of \fIiputils\fR package
|
|---|
| 6722 | +and the latest versions are available in source form at
|
|---|
| 6723 | +http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2.
|
|---|
| [ecc1136] | 6724 | diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/tracepath.8 iputils-s20101006/doc/tracepath.8
|
|---|
| 6725 | --- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/tracepath.8 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
|
|---|
| 6726 | +++ iputils-s20101006/doc/tracepath.8 2011-01-08 20:09:52.154780955 -0500
|
|---|
| [8867e46] | 6727 | @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
|
|---|
| 6728 | +.\" This manpage has been automatically generated by docbook2man
|
|---|
| 6729 | +.\" from a DocBook document. This tool can be found at:
|
|---|
| 6730 | +.\" <http://shell.ipoline.com/~elmert/comp/docbook2X/>
|
|---|
| 6731 | +.\" Please send any bug reports, improvements, comments, patches,
|
|---|
| 6732 | +.\" etc. to Steve Cheng <steve@ggi-project.org>.
|
|---|
| [ecc1136] | 6733 | +.TH "TRACEPATH" "8" "08 January 2011" "iputils-101006" "System Manager's Manual: iputils"
|
|---|
| [8867e46] | 6734 | +.SH NAME
|
|---|
| 6735 | +tracepath, tracepath6 \- traces path to a network host discovering MTU along this path
|
|---|
| 6736 | +.SH SYNOPSIS
|
|---|
| 6737 | +
|
|---|
| 6738 | +\fBtracepath\fR [\fB-n\fR] [\fB-b\fR] [\fB-l \fIpktlen\fB\fR] \fB\fIdestination\fB\fR [\fB\fIport\fB\fR]
|
|---|
| 6739 | +
|
|---|
| 6740 | +.SH "DESCRIPTION"
|
|---|
| 6741 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6742 | +It traces path to \fIdestination\fR discovering MTU along this path.
|
|---|
| 6743 | +It uses UDP port \fIport\fR or some random port.
|
|---|
| [ecc1136] | 6744 | +It is similar to \fBtraceroute\fR, only does not require superuser
|
|---|
| [8867e46] | 6745 | +privileges and has no fancy options.
|
|---|
| 6746 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6747 | +\fBtracepath6\fR is good replacement for \fBtraceroute6\fR
|
|---|
| 6748 | +and classic example of application of Linux error queues.
|
|---|
| 6749 | +The situation with IPv4 is worse, because commercial
|
|---|
| 6750 | +IP routers do not return enough information in icmp error messages.
|
|---|
| 6751 | +Probably, it will change, when they will be updated.
|
|---|
| 6752 | +For now it uses Van Jacobson's trick, sweeping a range
|
|---|
| 6753 | +of UDP ports to maintain trace history.
|
|---|
| 6754 | +.SH "OPTIONS"
|
|---|
| 6755 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 6756 | +\fB-n\fR
|
|---|
| 6757 | +Print primarily IP addresses numerically.
|
|---|
| 6758 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 6759 | +\fB-b\fR
|
|---|
| 6760 | +Print both of host names and IP addresses.
|
|---|
| 6761 | +.TP
|
|---|
| 6762 | +\fB-l\fR
|
|---|
| 6763 | +Sets the initial packet length to \fIpktlen\fR instead of
|
|---|
| 6764 | +65536 for \fBtracepath\fR or 128000 for \fBtracepath6\fR.
|
|---|
| 6765 | +.SH "OUTPUT"
|
|---|
| 6766 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6767 | +
|
|---|
| 6768 | +.nf
|
|---|
| 6769 | +root@mops:~ # tracepath6 3ffe:2400:0:109::2
|
|---|
| 6770 | + 1?: [LOCALHOST] pmtu 1500
|
|---|
| 6771 | + 1: dust.inr.ac.ru 0.411ms
|
|---|
| 6772 | + 2: dust.inr.ac.ru asymm 1 0.390ms pmtu 1480
|
|---|
| 6773 | + 2: 3ffe:2400:0:109::2 463.514ms reached
|
|---|
| 6774 | + Resume: pmtu 1480 hops 2 back 2
|
|---|
| 6775 | +.fi
|
|---|
| 6776 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6777 | +The first column shows TTL of the probe, followed by colon.
|
|---|
| 6778 | +Usually value of TTL is obtained from reply from network,
|
|---|
| 6779 | +but sometimes reply does not contain necessary information and
|
|---|
| 6780 | +we have to guess it. In this case the number is followed by ?.
|
|---|
| 6781 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6782 | +The second column shows the network hop, which replied to the probe.
|
|---|
| 6783 | +It is either address of router or word [LOCALHOST], if
|
|---|
| 6784 | +the probe was not sent to the network.
|
|---|
| 6785 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6786 | +The rest of line shows miscellaneous information about path to
|
|---|
| 6787 | +the correspinding hetwork hop. As rule it contains value of RTT.
|
|---|
| 6788 | +Additionally, it can show Path MTU, when it changes.
|
|---|
| 6789 | +If the path is asymmetric
|
|---|
| 6790 | +or the probe finishes before it reach prescribed hop, difference
|
|---|
| 6791 | +between number of hops in forward and backward direction is shown
|
|---|
| [ecc1136] | 6792 | +following keyword async. This information is not reliable.
|
|---|
| [8867e46] | 6793 | +F.e. the third line shows asymmetry of 1, it is because the first probe
|
|---|
| 6794 | +with TTL of 2 was rejected at the first hop due to Path MTU Discovery.
|
|---|
| 6795 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6796 | +The last line summarizes information about all the path to the destination,
|
|---|
| 6797 | +it shows detected Path MTU, amount of hops to the destination and our
|
|---|
| 6798 | +guess about amount of hops from the destination to us, which can be
|
|---|
| 6799 | +different when the path is asymmetric.
|
|---|
| 6800 | +.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|---|
| 6801 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6802 | +\fBtraceroute\fR(8),
|
|---|
| 6803 | +\fBtraceroute6\fR(8),
|
|---|
| 6804 | +\fBping\fR(8).
|
|---|
| 6805 | +.SH "AUTHOR"
|
|---|
| 6806 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6807 | +\fBtracepath\fR was written by
|
|---|
| 6808 | +Alexey Kuznetsov
|
|---|
| 6809 | +<kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>.
|
|---|
| 6810 | +.SH "SECURITY"
|
|---|
| 6811 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6812 | +No security issues.
|
|---|
| 6813 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6814 | +This lapidary deserves to be elaborated.
|
|---|
| 6815 | +\fBtracepath\fR is not a privileged program, unlike
|
|---|
| 6816 | +\fBtraceroute\fR, \fBping\fR and other beasts of this kind.
|
|---|
| 6817 | +\fBtracepath\fR may be executed by everyone who has some access
|
|---|
| 6818 | +to network, enough to send UDP datagrams to investigated destination
|
|---|
| 6819 | +using given port.
|
|---|
| 6820 | +.SH "AVAILABILITY"
|
|---|
| 6821 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6822 | +\fBtracepath\fR is part of \fIiputils\fR package
|
|---|
| 6823 | +and the latest versions are available in source form at
|
|---|
| 6824 | +http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2.
|
|---|
| [ecc1136] | 6825 | diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/traceroute6.8 iputils-s20101006/doc/traceroute6.8
|
|---|
| 6826 | --- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/traceroute6.8 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
|
|---|
| 6827 | +++ iputils-s20101006/doc/traceroute6.8 2011-01-08 20:09:52.114781859 -0500
|
|---|
| [8867e46] | 6828 | @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
|
|---|
| 6829 | +.\" This manpage has been automatically generated by docbook2man
|
|---|
| 6830 | +.\" from a DocBook document. This tool can be found at:
|
|---|
| 6831 | +.\" <http://shell.ipoline.com/~elmert/comp/docbook2X/>
|
|---|
| 6832 | +.\" Please send any bug reports, improvements, comments, patches,
|
|---|
| 6833 | +.\" etc. to Steve Cheng <steve@ggi-project.org>.
|
|---|
| [ecc1136] | 6834 | +.TH "TRACEROUTE6" "8" "08 January 2011" "iputils-101006" "System Manager's Manual: iputils"
|
|---|
| [8867e46] | 6835 | +.SH NAME
|
|---|
| 6836 | +traceroute6 \- traces path to a network host
|
|---|
| 6837 | +.SH SYNOPSIS
|
|---|
| 6838 | +
|
|---|
| 6839 | +\fBtraceroute6\fR [\fB-dnrvV\fR] [\fB-i \fIinterface\fB\fR] [\fB-m \fImax_ttl\fB\fR] [\fB-p \fIport\fB\fR] [\fB-q \fImax_probes\fB\fR] [\fB-s \fIsource\fB\fR] [\fB-w \fIwait time\fB\fR] \fB\fIdestination\fB\fR [\fB\fIsize\fB\fR]
|
|---|
| 6840 | +
|
|---|
| 6841 | +.SH "DESCRIPTION"
|
|---|
| 6842 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6843 | +Description can be found in
|
|---|
| 6844 | +\fBtraceroute\fR(8),
|
|---|
| 6845 | +all the references to IP replaced to IPv6. It is needless to copy
|
|---|
| 6846 | +the description from there.
|
|---|
| 6847 | +.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|---|
| 6848 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6849 | +\fBtraceroute\fR(8),
|
|---|
| 6850 | +\fBtracepath\fR(8),
|
|---|
| 6851 | +\fBping\fR(8).
|
|---|
| 6852 | +.SH "HISTORY"
|
|---|
| 6853 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6854 | +This program has long history. Author of \fBtraceroute\fR
|
|---|
| 6855 | +is Van Jacobson and it first appeared in 1988. This clone is
|
|---|
| 6856 | +based on a port of \fBtraceroute\fR to IPv6 published
|
|---|
| 6857 | +in NRL IPv6 distribution in 1996. In turn, it was ported
|
|---|
| 6858 | +to Linux by Pedro Roque. After this it was kept in sync by
|
|---|
| 6859 | +Alexey Kuznetsov
|
|---|
| 6860 | +<kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>. And eventually entered
|
|---|
| 6861 | +\fBiputils\fR package.
|
|---|
| 6862 | +.SH "SECURITY"
|
|---|
| 6863 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6864 | +\fBtracepath6\fR requires CAP_NET_RAWIO capability
|
|---|
| 6865 | +to be executed. It is safe to be used as set-uid root.
|
|---|
| 6866 | +.SH "AVAILABILITY"
|
|---|
| 6867 | +.PP
|
|---|
| 6868 | +\fBtraceroute6\fR is part of \fIiputils\fR package
|
|---|
| 6869 | +and the latest versions are available in source form at
|
|---|
| 6870 | +http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2.
|
|---|
