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Last change on this file since a092f8af was ecc1136, checked in by Joe Ciccone <jciccone@…>, 14 years ago
Updated IPutils to s20101006.
Property mode set to `100644`
File size: 132.2 KB

Rev	Line
[ecc1136]	1	Submitted By: Joe Ciccone <jciccone@gmail.com>
	2	Date: 2011-01-08
	3	Initial Package Version: s20100418
	4	Upstream Status: Unknown
	5	Origin: Unknown
	6	Description: Contains Pregenerated Documentation
	7
	8
	9	diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/arping.8 iputils-s20101006/doc/arping.8
	10	--- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/arping.8 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
	11	+++ iputils-s20101006/doc/arping.8 2011-01-08 20:09:50.402928174 -0500
[8867e46]	12	@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
	13	+.\" This manpage has been automatically generated by docbook2man
	14	+.\" from a DocBook document. This tool can be found at:
	15	+.\" <http://shell.ipoline.com/~elmert/comp/docbook2X/>
	16	+.\" Please send any bug reports, improvements, comments, patches,
	17	+.\" etc. to Steve Cheng <steve@ggi-project.org>.
[ecc1136]	18	+.TH "ARPING" "8" "08 January 2011" "iputils-101006" "System Manager's Manual: iputils"
[8867e46]	19	+.SH NAME
	20	+arping \- send ARP REQUEST to a neighbour host
	21	+.SH SYNOPSIS
	22	+
	23	+\fBarping\fR [\fB-AbDfhqUV\fR] [\fB-c \fIcount\fB\fR] [\fB-w \fIdeadline\fB\fR] [\fB-s \fIsource\fB\fR] \fB-I \fIinterface\fB\fR \fB\fIdestination\fB\fR
	24	+
	25	+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
	26	+.PP
	27	+Ping \fIdestination\fR on device \fIinterface\fR by ARP packets,
	28	+using source address \fIsource\fR.
	29	+.SH "OPTIONS"
	30	+.TP
	31	+\fB-A\fR
	32	+The same as \fB-U\fR, but ARP REPLY packets used instead
	33	+of ARP REQUEST.
	34	+.TP
	35	+\fB-b\fR
	36	+Send only MAC level broadcasts. Normally \fBarping\fR starts
	37	+from sending broadcast, and switch to unicast after reply received.
	38	+.TP
	39	+\fB-c \fIcount\fB\fR
	40	+Stop after sending \fIcount\fR ARP REQUEST
	41	+packets. With
	42	+\fIdeadline\fR
	43	+option, \fBarping\fR waits for
	44	+\fIcount\fR ARP REPLY packets, until the timeout expires.
	45	+.TP
	46	+\fB-D\fR
	47	+Duplicate address detection mode (DAD). See
	48	+RFC2131, 4.4.1.
	49	+Returns 0, if DAD succeeded i.e. no replies are received
	50	+.TP
	51	+\fB-f\fR
	52	+Finish after the first reply confirming that target is alive.
	53	+.TP
	54	+\fB-I \fIinterface\fB\fR
	55	+Name of network device where to send ARP REQUEST packets. This option
	56	+is required.
	57	+.TP
	58	+\fB-h\fR
	59	+Print help page and exit.
	60	+.TP
	61	+\fB-q\fR
	62	+Quiet output. Nothing is displayed.
	63	+.TP
	64	+\fB-s \fIsource\fB\fR
	65	+IP source address to use in ARP packets.
	66	+If this option is absent, source address is:
	67	+.RS
	68	+.TP 0.2i
	69	+\(bu
	70	+In DAD mode (with option \fB-D\fR) set to 0.0.0.0.
	71	+.TP 0.2i
	72	+\(bu
	73	+In Unsolicited ARP mode (with options \fB-U\fR or \fB-A\fR)
	74	+set to \fIdestination\fR.
	75	+.TP 0.2i
	76	+\(bu
	77	+Otherwise, it is calculated from routing tables.
	78	+.RE
	79	+.TP
	80	+\fB-U\fR
	81	+Unsolicited ARP mode to update neighbours' ARP caches.
	82	+No replies are expected.
	83	+.TP
	84	+\fB-V\fR
	85	+Print version of the program and exit.
	86	+.TP
	87	+\fB-w \fIdeadline\fB\fR
	88	+Specify a timeout, in seconds, before
	89	+\fBarping\fR
	90	+exits regardless of how many
	91	+packets have been sent or received. In this case
	92	+\fBarping\fR
	93	+does not stop after
	94	+\fIcount\fR
	95	+packet are sent, it waits either for
	96	+\fIdeadline\fR
	97	+expire or until
	98	+\fIcount\fR
	99	+probes are answered.
	100	+.SH "SEE ALSO"
	101	+.PP
	102	+\fBping\fR(8),
	103	+\fBclockdiff\fR(8),
	104	+\fBtracepath\fR(8).
	105	+.SH "AUTHOR"
	106	+.PP
	107	+\fBarping\fR was written by
	108	+Alexey Kuznetsov
	109	+<kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>.
	110	+It is now maintained by
	111	+YOSHIFUJI Hideaki
	112	+<yoshfuji@skbuff.net>.
	113	+.SH "SECURITY"
	114	+.PP
	115	+\fBarping\fR requires CAP_NET_RAWIO capability
	116	+to be executed. It is not recommended to be used as set-uid root,
	117	+because it allows user to modify ARP caches of neighbour hosts.
	118	+.SH "AVAILABILITY"
	119	+.PP
	120	+\fBarping\fR is part of \fIiputils\fR package
	121	+and the latest versions are available in source form at
	122	+http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2.
[ecc1136]	123	diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/clockdiff.8 iputils-s20101006/doc/clockdiff.8
	124	--- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/clockdiff.8 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
	125	+++ iputils-s20101006/doc/clockdiff.8 2011-01-08 20:09:50.611280874 -0500
[8867e46]	126	@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
	127	+.\" This manpage has been automatically generated by docbook2man
	128	+.\" from a DocBook document. This tool can be found at:
	129	+.\" <http://shell.ipoline.com/~elmert/comp/docbook2X/>
	130	+.\" Please send any bug reports, improvements, comments, patches,
	131	+.\" etc. to Steve Cheng <steve@ggi-project.org>.
[ecc1136]	132	+.TH "CLOCKDIFF" "8" "08 January 2011" "iputils-101006" "System Manager's Manual: iputils"
[8867e46]	133	+.SH NAME
	134	+clockdiff \- measure clock difference between hosts
	135	+.SH SYNOPSIS
	136	+
	137	+\fBclockdiff\fR [\fB-o\fR] [\fB-o1\fR] \fB\fIdestination\fB\fR
	138	+
	139	+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
	140	+.PP
	141	+\fBclockdiff\fR Measures clock difference between us and
	142	+\fIdestination\fR with 1 msec resolution using ICMP TIMESTAMP
	143	+[2]
	144	+packets or, optionally, IP TIMESTAMP option
	145	+[3]
	146	+option added to ICMP ECHO.
	147	+[1]
	148	+.SH "OPTIONS"
	149	+.TP
	150	+\fB-o\fR
	151	+Use IP TIMESTAMP with ICMP ECHO instead of ICMP TIMESTAMP
	152	+messages. It is useful with some destinations, which do not support
	153	+ICMP TIMESTAMP (f.e. Solaris <2.4).
	154	+.TP
	155	+\fB-o1\fR
	156	+Slightly different form of \fB-o\fR, namely it uses three-term
	157	+IP TIMESTAMP with prespecified hop addresses instead of four term one.
	158	+What flavor works better depends on target host. Particularly,
	159	+\fB-o\fR is better for Linux.
	160	+.SH "WARNINGS"
	161	+.TP 0.2i
	162	+\(bu
	163	+Some nodes (Cisco) use non-standard timestamps, which is allowed
	164	+by RFC, but makes timestamps mostly useless.
	165	+.TP 0.2i
	166	+\(bu
	167	+Some nodes generate messed timestamps (Solaris>2.4), when
	168	+run \fBxntpd\fR. Seems, its IP stack uses a corrupted clock source,
	169	+which is synchronized to time-of-day clock periodically and jumps
	170	+randomly making timestamps mostly useless. Good news is that you can
	171	+use NTP in this case, which is even better.
	172	+.TP 0.2i
	173	+\(bu
	174	+\fBclockdiff\fR shows difference in time modulo 24 days.
	175	+.SH "SEE ALSO"
	176	+.PP
	177	+\fBping\fR(8),
	178	+\fBarping\fR(8),
	179	+\fBtracepath\fR(8).
	180	+.SH "REFERENCES"
	181	+.PP
	182	+[1] ICMP ECHO,
	183	+RFC0792, page 14.
	184	+.PP
	185	+[2] ICMP TIMESTAMP,
	186	+RFC0792, page 16.
	187	+.PP
	188	+[3] IP TIMESTAMP option,
	189	+RFC0791, 3.1, page 16.
	190	+.SH "AUTHOR"
	191	+.PP
	192	+\fBclockdiff\fR was compiled by
	193	+Alexey Kuznetsov
	194	+<kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>. It was based on code borrowed
	195	+from BSD \fBtimed\fR daemon.
	196	+It is now maintained by
	197	+YOSHIFUJI Hideaki
	198	+<yoshfuji@skbuff.net>.
	199	+.SH "SECURITY"
	200	+.PP
	201	+\fBclockdiff\fR requires CAP_NET_RAWIO capability
	202	+to be executed. It is safe to be used as set-uid root.
	203	+.SH "AVAILABILITY"
	204	+.PP
	205	+\fBclockdiff\fR is part of \fIiputils\fR package
	206	+and the latest versions are available in source form at
	207	+http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2.
[ecc1136]	208	diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/index.html iputils-s20101006/doc/index.html
	209	--- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/index.html 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
	210	+++ iputils-s20101006/doc/index.html 2011-01-08 20:09:49.631531431 -0500
[8867e46]	211	@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
	212	+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
	213	+<HTML
	214	+><HEAD
	215	+><TITLE
	216	+>System Manager's Manual: iputils</TITLE
	217	+><META
	218	+NAME="GENERATOR"
	219	+CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
	220	+REL="NEXT"
	221	+TITLE="ping"
	222	+HREF="r3.html"></HEAD
	223	+><BODY
	224	+CLASS="REFERENCE"
	225	+BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
	226	+TEXT="#000000"
	227	+LINK="#0000FF"
	228	+VLINK="#840084"
	229	+ALINK="#0000FF"
	230	+><DIV
	231	+CLASS="NAVHEADER"
	232	+><TABLE
	233	+SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
	234	+WIDTH="100%"
	235	+BORDER="0"
	236	+CELLPADDING="0"
	237	+CELLSPACING="0"
	238	+><TR
	239	+><TD
	240	+WIDTH="10%"
	241	+ALIGN="left"
	242	+VALIGN="bottom"
	243	+> </TD
	244	+><TD
	245	+WIDTH="80%"
	246	+ALIGN="center"
	247	+VALIGN="bottom"
	248	+></TD
	249	+><TD
	250	+WIDTH="10%"
	251	+ALIGN="right"
	252	+VALIGN="bottom"
	253	+><A
	254	+HREF="r3.html"
	255	+ACCESSKEY="N"
	256	+>Next</A
	257	+></TD
	258	+></TR
	259	+></TABLE
	260	+><HR
	261	+ALIGN="LEFT"
	262	+WIDTH="100%"></DIV
	263	+><DIV
	264	+CLASS="REFERENCE"
	265	+><A
	266	+NAME="INDEX"
	267	+></A
	268	+><DIV
	269	+CLASS="TITLEPAGE"
	270	+><H1
	271	+CLASS="TITLE"
	272	+>I. System Manager's Manual: iputils</H1
	273	+><DIV
	274	+CLASS="TOC"
	275	+><DL
	276	+><DT
	277	+><B
	278	+>Table of Contents</B
	279	+></DT
	280	+><DT
	281	+><A
	282	+HREF="r3.html"
	283	+>ping</A
	284	+> -- send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts</DT
	285	+><DT
	286	+><A
	287	+HREF="r437.html"
	288	+>arping</A
	289	+> -- send ARP REQUEST to a neighbour host</DT
	290	+><DT
	291	+><A
	292	+HREF="r596.html"
	293	+>clockdiff</A
	294	+> -- measure clock difference between hosts</DT
	295	+><DT
	296	+><A
	297	+HREF="r691.html"
	298	+>rarpd</A
	299	+> -- answer RARP REQUESTs</DT
	300	+><DT
	301	+><A
	302	+HREF="r790.html"
	303	+>tracepath</A
	304	+> -- traces path to a network host discovering MTU along this path</DT
	305	+><DT
	306	+><A
	307	+HREF="r884.html"
	308	+>traceroute6</A
	309	+> -- traces path to a network host</DT
	310	+><DT
	311	+><A
	312	+HREF="r949.html"
	313	+>tftpd</A
	314	+> -- Trivial File Transfer Protocol server</DT
	315	+><DT
	316	+><A
	317	+HREF="r1022.html"
	318	+>rdisc</A
	319	+> -- network router discovery daemon</DT
	320	+><DT
	321	+><A
	322	+HREF="r1144.html"
	323	+>pg3</A
	324	+> -- send stream of UDP packets</DT
	325	+></DL
	326	+></DIV
	327	+></DIV
	328	+></DIV
	329	+><DIV
	330	+CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
	331	+><HR
	332	+ALIGN="LEFT"
	333	+WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
	334	+SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
	335	+WIDTH="100%"
	336	+BORDER="0"
	337	+CELLPADDING="0"
	338	+CELLSPACING="0"
	339	+><TR
	340	+><TD
	341	+WIDTH="33%"
	342	+ALIGN="left"
	343	+VALIGN="top"
	344	+> </TD
	345	+><TD
	346	+WIDTH="34%"
	347	+ALIGN="center"
	348	+VALIGN="top"
	349	+> </TD
	350	+><TD
	351	+WIDTH="33%"
	352	+ALIGN="right"
	353	+VALIGN="top"
	354	+><A
	355	+HREF="r3.html"
	356	+ACCESSKEY="N"
	357	+>Next</A
	358	+></TD
	359	+></TR
	360	+><TR
	361	+><TD
	362	+WIDTH="33%"
	363	+ALIGN="left"
	364	+VALIGN="top"
	365	+> </TD
	366	+><TD
	367	+WIDTH="34%"
	368	+ALIGN="center"
	369	+VALIGN="top"
	370	+> </TD
	371	+><TD
	372	+WIDTH="33%"
	373	+ALIGN="right"
	374	+VALIGN="top"
	375	+>ping</TD
	376	+></TR
	377	+></TABLE
	378	+></DIV
	379	+></BODY
	380	+></HTML
	381	+>
	382	\ No newline at end of file
[ecc1136]	383	diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/iputils.html iputils-s20101006/doc/iputils.html
	384	--- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/iputils.html 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
	385	+++ iputils-s20101006/doc/iputils.html 2011-01-08 20:09:50.282802377 -0500
[8867e46]	386	@@ -0,0 +1,491 @@
	387	+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
	388	+<HTML
	389	+><HEAD
	390	+><TITLE
	391	+>iputils: documentation directory</TITLE
	392	+><META
	393	+NAME="GENERATOR"
	394	+CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"></HEAD
	395	+><BODY
	396	+CLASS="ARTICLE"
	397	+BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
	398	+TEXT="#000000"
	399	+LINK="#0000FF"
	400	+VLINK="#840084"
	401	+ALINK="#0000FF"
	402	+><DIV
	403	+CLASS="ARTICLE"
	404	+><DIV
	405	+CLASS="TITLEPAGE"
	406	+><H1
	407	+CLASS="TITLE"
	408	+><A
	409	+NAME="AEN2"
	410	+>iputils: documentation directory</A
	411	+></H1
	412	+><HR></DIV
	413	+><DIV
	414	+CLASS="TOC"
	415	+><DL
	416	+><DT
	417	+><B
	418	+>Table of Contents</B
	419	+></DT
	420	+><DT
	421	+>1. <A
	422	+HREF="#AEN4"
	423	+>Index</A
	424	+></DT
	425	+><DT
	426	+>2. <A
	427	+HREF="#AEN34"
	428	+>Historical notes</A
	429	+></DT
	430	+><DT
	431	+>3. <A
	432	+HREF="#AEN89"
	433	+>Installation notes</A
	434	+></DT
	435	+><DT
	436	+>4. <A
	437	+HREF="#AEN109"
	438	+>Availability</A
	439	+></DT
	440	+><DT
	441	+>5. <A
	442	+HREF="#AEN114"
	443	+>Copying</A
	444	+></DT
	445	+></DL
	446	+></DIV
	447	+><DIV
	448	+CLASS="SECT1"
	449	+><H2
	450	+CLASS="SECT1"
	451	+><A
	452	+NAME="AEN4"
	453	+>1. Index</A
	454	+></H2
	455	+><P
	456	+></P
	457	+><UL
	458	+><LI
	459	+><P
	460	+> <A
	461	+HREF="ping.html"
	462	+TARGET="_top"
	463	+>ping, ping6</A
	464	+>.
	465	+ </P
	466	+></LI
	467	+><LI
	468	+><P
	469	+> <A
	470	+HREF="arping.html"
	471	+TARGET="_top"
	472	+>arping</A
	473	+>.
	474	+ </P
	475	+></LI
	476	+><LI
	477	+><P
	478	+> <A
	479	+HREF="clockdiff.html"
	480	+TARGET="_top"
	481	+>clockdiff</A
	482	+>.
	483	+ </P
	484	+></LI
	485	+><LI
	486	+><P
	487	+> <A
	488	+HREF="rarpd.html"
	489	+TARGET="_top"
	490	+>rarpd</A
	491	+>.
	492	+ </P
	493	+></LI
	494	+><LI
	495	+><P
	496	+> <A
	497	+HREF="tracepath.html"
	498	+TARGET="_top"
	499	+>tracepath, tracepath6</A
	500	+>.
	501	+ </P
	502	+></LI
	503	+><LI
	504	+><P
	505	+> <A
	506	+HREF="traceroute6.html"
	507	+TARGET="_top"
	508	+>traceroute6</A
	509	+>.
	510	+ </P
	511	+></LI
	512	+><LI
	513	+><P
	514	+> <A
	515	+HREF="rdisc.html"
	516	+TARGET="_top"
	517	+>rdisc</A
	518	+>.
	519	+ </P
	520	+></LI
	521	+><LI
	522	+><P
	523	+> <A
	524	+HREF="tftpd.html"
	525	+TARGET="_top"
	526	+>tftpd</A
	527	+>.
	528	+ </P
	529	+></LI
	530	+><LI
	531	+><P
	532	+> <A
	533	+HREF="pg3.html"
	534	+TARGET="_top"
	535	+>pg3, ipg, pgset</A
	536	+>.
	537	+ </P
	538	+></LI
	539	+></UL
	540	+></DIV
	541	+><DIV
	542	+CLASS="SECT1"
	543	+><HR><H2
	544	+CLASS="SECT1"
	545	+><A
	546	+NAME="AEN34"
	547	+>2. Historical notes</A
	548	+></H2
	549	+><P
	550	+>This package appeared as a desperate attempt to bring some life
	551	+to state of basic networking applets: <B
	552	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	553	+>ping</B
	554	+>, <B
	555	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	556	+>traceroute</B
	557	+>
	558	+etc. Though it was known that port of BSD <B
	559	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	560	+>ping</B
	561	+> to Linux
	562	+was basically broken, neither maintainers of well known (and superb)
	563	+Linux net-tools package nor maintainers of Linux distributions
	564	+worried about fixing well known bugs, which were reported in linux-kernel
	565	+and linux-net mail lists for ages, were identified and nevertheless
	566	+not repaired. So, one day 1001th resuming of the subject happened
	567	+to be the last straw to break camel's back, I just parsed my hard disks
	568	+and collected a set of utilities, which shared the following properties:</P
	569	+><P
	570	+></P
	571	+><UL
	572	+><LI
	573	+><P
	574	+>Small
	575	+ </P
	576	+></LI
	577	+><LI
	578	+><P
	579	+>Useful despite of this
	580	+ </P
	581	+></LI
	582	+><LI
	583	+><P
	584	+>I never seen it was made right
	585	+ </P
	586	+></LI
	587	+><LI
	588	+><P
	589	+>Not quite trivial
	590	+ </P
	591	+></LI
	592	+><LI
	593	+><P
	594	+>Demonstrating some important feature of Linux
	595	+ </P
	596	+></LI
	597	+><LI
	598	+><P
	599	+>The last but not the least, I use it more or less regularly
	600	+ </P
	601	+></LI
	602	+></UL
	603	+><P
	604	+>This utility set was not supposed to be a reference set or something like
	605	+that. Most of them were cloned from some originals:
	606	+<DIV
	607	+CLASS="INFORMALTABLE"
	608	+><P
	609	+></P
	610	+><A
	611	+NAME="AEN54"
	612	+></A
	613	+><TABLE
	614	+BORDER="1"
	615	+CLASS="CALSTABLE"
	616	+><COL><COL><TBODY
	617	+><TR
	618	+><TD
	619	+>ping</TD
	620	+><TD
	621	+>cloned of an ancient NetTools-B-xx</TD
	622	+></TR
	623	+><TR
	624	+><TD
	625	+>ping6</TD
	626	+><TD
	627	+>cloned of a very old Pedro's utility set</TD
	628	+></TR
	629	+><TR
	630	+><TD
	631	+>traceroute6</TD
	632	+><TD
	633	+>cloned of NRL Sep 96 distribution</TD
	634	+></TR
	635	+><TR
	636	+><TD
	637	+>rdisc</TD
	638	+><TD
	639	+>cloned of SUN in.rdisc</TD
	640	+></TR
	641	+><TR
	642	+><TD
	643	+>clockdiff</TD
	644	+><TD
	645	+>broken out of some BSD timed</TD
	646	+></TR
	647	+><TR
	648	+><TD
	649	+>tftpd</TD
	650	+><TD
	651	+>it is clone of some ancient NetKit package</TD
	652	+></TR
	653	+></TBODY
	654	+></TABLE
	655	+><P
	656	+></P
	657	+></DIV
	658	+></P
	659	+><P
	660	+>Also I added some utilities written from scratch, namely
	661	+<B
	662	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	663	+>tracepath</B
	664	+>, <B
	665	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	666	+>arping</B
	667	+> and later <B
	668	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	669	+>rarpd</B
	670	+>
	671	+(the last one does not satisfy all the criteria, I used it two or three
	672	+times).</P
	673	+><P
	674	+>Hesitated a bit I overcame temptation to add <B
	675	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	676	+>traceroute</B
	677	+>.
	678	+The variant released by LBNL to that time was mostly sane and bugs
	679	+in it were mostly not specific to Linux, but main reason was that
	680	+the latest version of LBNL <B
	681	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	682	+>traceroute</B
	683	+> was not
	684	+<SPAN
	685	+CLASS="emphasis"
	686	+><I
	687	+CLASS="EMPHASIS"
	688	+>small</I
	689	+></SPAN
	690	+>, it consisted of several files,
	691	+used a wicked (and failing with Linux :-)) autoconfiguration etc.
	692	+So, instead I assembled to iputils a simplistic <B
	693	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	694	+>tracepath</B
	695	+> utility
	696	+and IPv6 version of traceroute, and published my
	697	+<A
	698	+HREF="ftp://ftp.inr.ac.ru/ip-routing/lbl-tools"
	699	+TARGET="_top"
	700	+> patches</A
	701	+>.
	702	+to LBNL <B
	703	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	704	+>traceroute</B
	705	+> separately.<A
	706	+NAME="AEN86"
	707	+HREF="#FTN.AEN86"
	708	+><SPAN
	709	+CLASS="footnote"
	710	+>[1]</SPAN
	711	+></A
	712	+></P
	713	+></DIV
	714	+><DIV
	715	+CLASS="SECT1"
	716	+><HR><H2
	717	+CLASS="SECT1"
	718	+><A
	719	+NAME="AEN89"
	720	+>3. Installation notes</A
	721	+></H2
	722	+><P
	723	+><KBD
	724	+CLASS="USERINPUT"
	725	+>make</KBD
	726	+> to compile utilities. <KBD
	727	+CLASS="USERINPUT"
	728	+>make html</KBD
	729	+> to prepare
	730	+html documentation, <KBD
	731	+CLASS="USERINPUT"
	732	+>make man</KBD
	733	+> if you prefer man pages.
	734	+Nothing fancy, provided you have DocBook package installed.</P
	735	+><P
	736	+><KBD
	737	+CLASS="USERINPUT"
	738	+>make install</KBD
	739	+> installs <SPAN
	740	+CLASS="emphasis"
	741	+><I
	742	+CLASS="EMPHASIS"
	743	+>only</I
	744	+></SPAN
	745	+> HTML documentation
	746	+to <TT
	747	+CLASS="FILENAME"
	748	+>/usr/doc/iputils</TT
	749	+>. It even does not try
	750	+to install binaries and man pages. If you read historical
	751	+notes above, the reason should be evident. Most of utilities
	752	+intersect with utilities distributed in another packages, and
	753	+making such target rewriting existing installation would be a crime
	754	+from my side. The decision what variant of <B
	755	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	756	+>ping</B
	757	+> is preferred,
	758	+how to resolve the conflicts etc. is left to you or to person who
	759	+assembled an rpm. I vote for variant from <B
	760	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	761	+>iputils</B
	762	+> of course.</P
	763	+><P
	764	+>Anyway, select utilities which you like and install them to the places
	765	+which you prefer together with their man pages.</P
	766	+><P
	767	+>It is possible that compilation will fail, if you use some
	768	+funny Linux distribution mangling header files in some unexpected ways
	769	+(expected ones are the ways of redhat of course :-)).
	770	+I validate iputils against <A
	771	+HREF="http://www.asplinux.ru"
	772	+TARGET="_top"
	773	+>asplinux</A
	774	+>
	775	+distribution, which is inevitably followed by validity with respect
	776	+to <A
	777	+HREF="http://www.redhat.com"
	778	+TARGET="_top"
	779	+>redhat</A
	780	+>.
	781	+If your distribution is one of widely known ones, suse or debian,
	782	+it also will compile provided snapshot is elder than month or so and
	783	+someone reported all the problems, if they took place at all.</P
	784	+><P
	785	+><SPAN
	786	+CLASS="emphasis"
	787	+><I
	788	+CLASS="EMPHASIS"
	789	+>Anyway, please, do not abuse me complaining about some compilation problems
	790	+in any distribution different of asplinux or redhat.
	791	+If you have a fix, please, send it to
	792	+<A
	793	+HREF="mailto:kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru"
	794	+TARGET="_top"
	795	+>me</A
	796	+>,
	797	+I will check that it does not break distributions mentioned above
	798	+and apply it. But I am not going to undertake any investigations,
	799	+bare reports are deemed to be routed to <TT
	800	+CLASS="FILENAME"
	801	+>/dev/null</TT
	802	+>.</I
	803	+></SPAN
	804	+></P
	805	+></DIV
	806	+><DIV
	807	+CLASS="SECT1"
	808	+><HR><H2
	809	+CLASS="SECT1"
	810	+><A
	811	+NAME="AEN109"
	812	+>4. Availability</A
	813	+></H2
	814	+><P
	815	+>The collection of documents is part of <TT
	816	+CLASS="FILENAME"
	817	+>iputils</TT
	818	+> package
	819	+and the latest versions are available in source form at
	820	+<A
	821	+HREF="http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2"
	822	+TARGET="_top"
	823	+>http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2</A
	824	+>.</P
	825	+></DIV
	826	+><DIV
	827	+CLASS="SECT1"
	828	+><HR><H2
	829	+CLASS="SECT1"
	830	+><A
	831	+NAME="AEN114"
	832	+>5. Copying</A
	833	+></H2
	834	+><P
	835	+>Different files are copyrighted by different persons and organizations
	836	+and distributed under different licenses. For details look into corresponding
	837	+source files.</P
	838	+></DIV
	839	+></DIV
	840	+><H3
	841	+CLASS="FOOTNOTES"
	842	+>Notes</H3
	843	+><TABLE
	844	+BORDER="0"
	845	+CLASS="FOOTNOTES"
	846	+WIDTH="100%"
	847	+><TR
	848	+><TD
	849	+ALIGN="LEFT"
	850	+VALIGN="TOP"
	851	+WIDTH="5%"
	852	+><A
	853	+NAME="FTN.AEN86"
	854	+HREF="#AEN86"
	855	+><SPAN
	856	+CLASS="footnote"
	857	+>[1]</SPAN
	858	+></A
	859	+></TD
	860	+><TD
	861	+ALIGN="LEFT"
	862	+VALIGN="TOP"
	863	+WIDTH="95%"
	864	+><P
	865	+>This was mistake.
	866	+Due to this <B
	867	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	868	+>traceroute</B
	869	+> was in a sad state until recently.
	870	+Good news, redhat-7.2 seems to add these patches to their traceroute
	871	+rpm eventually. So, I think I will refrain of suicide for awhile.</P
	872	+></TD
	873	+></TR
	874	+></TABLE
	875	+></BODY
	876	+></HTML
	877	+>
	878	\ No newline at end of file
[ecc1136]	879	diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/pg3.8 iputils-s20101006/doc/pg3.8
	880	--- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/pg3.8 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
	881	+++ iputils-s20101006/doc/pg3.8 2011-01-08 20:09:50.890656148 -0500
[8867e46]	882	@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
	883	+.\" This manpage has been automatically generated by docbook2man
	884	+.\" from a DocBook document. This tool can be found at:
	885	+.\" <http://shell.ipoline.com/~elmert/comp/docbook2X/>
	886	+.\" Please send any bug reports, improvements, comments, patches,
	887	+.\" etc. to Steve Cheng <steve@ggi-project.org>.
[ecc1136]	888	+.TH "PG3" "8" "08 January 2011" "iputils-101006" "System Manager's Manual: iputils"
[8867e46]	889	+.SH NAME
	890	+pg3, ipg, pgset \- send stream of UDP packets
	891	+.SH SYNOPSIS
	892	+
	893	+\fBsource ipg\fR
	894	+
	895	+
	896	+\fBpg\fR
	897	+
	898	+
	899	+\fBpgset\fR \fB\fICOMMAND\fB\fR
	900	+
	901	+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
	902	+.PP
	903	+\fBipg\fR is not a program, it is script which should be sourced
	904	+to \fBbash\fR. When sourced it loads module \fIpg3\fR and
	905	+exports a few of functions accessible from parent shell. These macros
	906	+are \fBpg\fR to start packet injection and to get the results of run;
	907	+and \fBpgset\fR to setup packet generator.
	908	+.PP
	909	+\fBpgset\fR can send the following commands to module \fIpg3\fR:
	910	+.SH "COMMAND"
	911	+.TP
	912	+\fBodev \fIDEVICE\fB\fR
	913	+Name of Ethernet device to test. See
	914	+warning below.
	915	+.TP
	916	+\fBpkt_size \fIBYTES\fB\fR
	917	+Size of packet to generate. The size includes all the headers: UDP, IP,
	918	+MAC, but does not account for overhead internal to medium, i.e. FCS
	919	+and various paddings.
	920	+.TP
	921	+\fBfrags \fINUMBER\fB\fR
	922	+Each packet will contain \fINUMBER\fR of fragments.
	923	+Maximal amount for linux-2.4 is 6. Far not all the devices support
	924	+fragmented buffers.
	925	+.TP
	926	+\fBcount \fINUMBER\fB\fR
	927	+Send stream of \fINUMBER\fR of packets and stop after this.
	928	+.TP
	929	+\fBipg \fITIME\fB\fR
	930	+Introduce artificial delay between packets of \fITIME\fR
	931	+microseconds.
	932	+.TP
	933	+\fBdst \fIIP_ADDRESS\fB\fR
	934	+Select IP destination where the stream is sent to.
	935	+Beware, never set this address at random. \fBpg3\fR is not a toy,
	936	+it creates really tough stream. Default value is 0.0.0.0.
	937	+.TP
	938	+\fBdst \fIMAC_ADDRESS\fB\fR
	939	+Select MAC destination where the stream is sent to.
	940	+Default value is 00:00:00:00:00:00 in hope that this will not be received
	941	+by any node on LAN.
	942	+.TP
	943	+\fBstop\fR
	944	+Abort packet injection.
	945	+.SH "WARNING"
	946	+.PP
	947	+When output device is set to some random device different
	948	+of hardware Ethernet device, \fBpg3\fR will crash kernel.
	949	+.PP
	950	+Do not use it on VLAN, ethertap, VTUN and other devices,
	951	+which emulate Ethernet not being real Ethernet in fact.
	952	+.SH "AUTHOR"
	953	+.PP
	954	+\fBpg3\fR was written by Robert Olsson <robert.olsson@its.uu.se>.
	955	+.SH "SECURITY"
	956	+.PP
	957	+This can be used only by superuser.
	958	+.PP
	959	+This tool creates floods of packets which is unlikely to be handled
	960	+even by high-end machines. For example, it saturates gigabit link with
	961	+60 byte packets when used with Intel's e1000. In face of such stream
	962	+switches, routers and end hosts may deadlock, crash, explode.
	963	+Use only in test lab environment.
	964	+.SH "AVAILABILITY"
	965	+.PP
	966	+\fBpg3\fR is part of \fIiputils\fR package
	967	+and the latest versions are available in source form at
	968	+http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2.
[ecc1136]	969	diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/ping.8 iputils-s20101006/doc/ping.8
	970	--- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/ping.8 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
	971	+++ iputils-s20101006/doc/ping.8 2011-01-08 20:09:50.986782167 -0500
[8867e46]	972	@@ -0,0 +1,408 @@
	973	+.\" This manpage has been automatically generated by docbook2man
	974	+.\" from a DocBook document. This tool can be found at:
	975	+.\" <http://shell.ipoline.com/~elmert/comp/docbook2X/>
	976	+.\" Please send any bug reports, improvements, comments, patches,
	977	+.\" etc. to Steve Cheng <steve@ggi-project.org>.
[ecc1136]	978	+.TH "PING" "8" "08 January 2011" "iputils-101006" "System Manager's Manual: iputils"
[8867e46]	979	+.SH NAME
	980	+ping, ping6 \- send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
	981	+.SH SYNOPSIS
	982	+
	983	+\fBping\fR [\fB-LRUbdfnqrvVaAB\fR] [\fB-c \fIcount\fB\fR] [\fB-m \fImark\fB\fR] [\fB-i \fIinterval\fB\fR] [\fB-l \fIpreload\fB\fR] [\fB-p \fIpattern\fB\fR] [\fB-s \fIpacketsize\fB\fR] [\fB-t \fIttl\fB\fR] [\fB-w \fIdeadline\fB\fR] [\fB-F \fIflowlabel\fB\fR] [\fB-I \fIinterface\fB\fR] [\fB-M \fIhint\fB\fR] [\fB-N \fInioption\fB\fR] [\fB-Q \fItos\fB\fR] [\fB-S \fIsndbuf\fB\fR] [\fB-T \fItimestamp option\fB\fR] [\fB-W \fItimeout\fB\fR] [\fB\fIhop\fB\fR\fI ...\fR] \fB\fIdestination\fB\fR
	984	+
	985	+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
	986	+.PP
	987	+\fBping\fR uses the ICMP protocol's mandatory ECHO_REQUEST
	988	+datagram to elicit an ICMP ECHO_RESPONSE from a host or gateway.
	989	+ECHO_REQUEST datagrams (``pings'') have an IP and ICMP
	990	+header, followed by a struct timeval and then an arbitrary
	991	+number of ``pad'' bytes used to fill out the packet.
	992	+.PP
	993	+\fBping6\fR can also send Node Information Queries (RFC4620).
	994	+.SH "OPTIONS"
	995	+.TP
	996	+\fB-a\fR
	997	+Audible ping.
	998	+.TP
	999	+\fB-A\fR
	1000	+Adaptive ping. Interpacket interval adapts to round-trip time, so that
	1001	+effectively not more than one (or more, if preload is set) unanswered probes
	1002	+present in the network. Minimal interval is 200msec for not super-user.
	1003	+On networks with low rtt this mode is essentially equivalent to flood mode.
	1004	+.TP
	1005	+\fB-b\fR
	1006	+Allow pinging a broadcast address.
	1007	+.TP
	1008	+\fB-B\fR
	1009	+Do not allow \fBping\fR to change source address of probes.
	1010	+The address is bound to one selected when \fBping\fR starts.
	1011	+.TP
	1012	+\fB-m \fImark\fB\fR
	1013	+use \fImark\fR to tag the packets going out. This is useful
	1014	+for variety of reasons within the kernel such as using policy
	1015	+routing to select specific outbound processing.
	1016	+.TP
	1017	+\fB-c \fIcount\fB\fR
	1018	+Stop after sending \fIcount\fR ECHO_REQUEST
	1019	+packets. With
	1020	+\fIdeadline\fR
	1021	+option, \fBping\fR waits for
	1022	+\fIcount\fR ECHO_REPLY packets, until the timeout expires.
	1023	+.TP
	1024	+\fB-d\fR
	1025	+Set the SO_DEBUG option on the socket being used.
	1026	+Essentially, this socket option is not used by Linux kernel.
	1027	+.TP
	1028	+\fB-F \fIflow label\fB\fR
	1029	+Allocate and set 20 bit flow label on echo request packets.
	1030	+(Only \fBping6\fR). If value is zero, kernel allocates random flow label.
	1031	+.TP
	1032	+\fB-f\fR
	1033	+Flood ping. For every ECHO_REQUEST sent a period ``.'' is printed,
	1034	+while for ever ECHO_REPLY received a backspace is printed.
	1035	+This provides a rapid display of how many packets are being dropped.
	1036	+If interval is not given, it sets interval to zero and
	1037	+outputs packets as fast as they come back or one hundred times per second,
	1038	+whichever is more.
	1039	+Only the super-user may use this option with zero interval.
	1040	+.TP
	1041	+\fB-i \fIinterval\fB\fR
	1042	+Wait \fIinterval\fR seconds between sending each packet.
	1043	+The default is to wait for one second between each packet normally,
	1044	+or not to wait in flood mode. Only super-user may set interval
	1045	+to values less 0.2 seconds.
	1046	+.TP
	1047	+\fB-I \fIinterface address\fB\fR
	1048	+Set source address to specified interface address. Argument
	1049	+may be numeric IP address or name of device. When pinging IPv6
	1050	+link-local address this option is required.
	1051	+.TP
	1052	+\fB-l \fIpreload\fB\fR
	1053	+If \fIpreload\fR is specified,
	1054	+\fBping\fR sends that many packets not waiting for reply.
	1055	+Only the super-user may select preload more than 3.
	1056	+.TP
	1057	+\fB-L\fR
	1058	+Suppress loopback of multicast packets. This flag only applies if the ping
	1059	+destination is a multicast address.
	1060	+.TP
	1061	+\fB-N \fInioption\fB\fR
	1062	+Send ICMPv6 Node Information Queries (RFC4620), instead of Echo Request.
	1063	+.RS
	1064	+.TP
	1065	+\fBname\fR
	1066	+Queries for Node Names.
	1067	+.RE
	1068	+.RS
	1069	+.TP
	1070	+\fBipv6\fR
	1071	+Queries for IPv6 Addresses. There are several IPv6 specific flags.
	1072	+.RS
	1073	+.TP
	1074	+\fBipv6-global\fR
	1075	+Request IPv6 global-scope addresses.
	1076	+.RE
	1077	+.RS
	1078	+.TP
	1079	+\fBipv6-sitelocal\fR
	1080	+Request IPv6 site-local addresses.
	1081	+.RE
	1082	+.RS
	1083	+.TP
	1084	+\fBipv6-linklocal\fR
	1085	+Request IPv6 link-local addresses.
	1086	+.RE
	1087	+.RS
	1088	+.TP
	1089	+\fBipv6-all\fR
	1090	+Request IPv6 addresses on other interfaces.
	1091	+.RE
	1092	+.RE
	1093	+.RS
	1094	+.TP
	1095	+\fBipv4\fR
	1096	+Queries for IPv4 Addresses. There is one IPv4 specific flag.
	1097	+.RS
	1098	+.TP
	1099	+\fBipv4-all\fR
	1100	+Request IPv4 addresses on other interfaces.
	1101	+.RE
	1102	+.RE
	1103	+.RS
	1104	+.TP
	1105	+\fBsubject-ipv6=\fIipv6addr\fB\fR
	1106	+IPv6 subject address.
	1107	+.RE
	1108	+.RS
	1109	+.TP
	1110	+\fBsubject-ipv4=\fIipv4addr\fB\fR
	1111	+IPv4 subject address.
	1112	+.RE
	1113	+.RS
	1114	+.TP
	1115	+\fBsubject-name=\fInodename\fB\fR
	1116	+Subject name. If it contains more than one dot,
	1117	+fully-qualified domain name is assumed.
	1118	+.RE
	1119	+.RS
	1120	+.TP
	1121	+\fBsubject-fqdn=\fInodename\fB\fR
	1122	+Subject name. Fully-qualified domain name is
	1123	+always assumed.
	1124	+.RE
	1125	+.TP
	1126	+\fB-n\fR
	1127	+Numeric output only.
	1128	+No attempt will be made to lookup symbolic names for host addresses.
	1129	+.TP
	1130	+\fB-p \fIpattern\fB\fR
	1131	+You may specify up to 16 ``pad'' bytes to fill out the packet you send.
	1132	+This is useful for diagnosing data-dependent problems in a network.
	1133	+For example, \fB-p ff\fR will cause the sent packet
	1134	+to be filled with all ones.
	1135	+.TP
	1136	+\fB-D\fR
	1137	+Print timestamp (unix time + microseconds as in gettimeofday) before
	1138	+each line.
	1139	+.TP
	1140	+\fB-Q \fItos\fB\fR
	1141	+Set Quality of Service -related bits in ICMP datagrams.
	1142	+\fItos\fR can be either decimal or hex number.
	1143	+Traditionally (RFC1349), these have been interpreted as: 0 for reserved
	1144	+(currently being redefined as congestion control), 1-4 for Type of Service
	1145	+and 5-7 for Precedence.
	1146	+Possible settings for Type of Service are: minimal cost: 0x02,
	1147	+reliability: 0x04, throughput: 0x08, low delay: 0x10. Multiple TOS bits
	1148	+should not be set simultaneously. Possible settings for
	1149	+special Precedence range from priority (0x20) to net control (0xe0). You
	1150	+must be root (CAP_NET_ADMIN capability) to use Critical or
	1151	+higher precedence value. You cannot set
	1152	+bit 0x01 (reserved) unless ECN has been enabled in the kernel.
	1153	+In RFC2474, these fields has been redefined as 8-bit Differentiated
	1154	+Services (DS), consisting of: bits 0-1 of separate data (ECN will be used,
	1155	+here), and bits 2-7 of Differentiated Services Codepoint (DSCP).
	1156	+.TP
	1157	+\fB-q\fR
	1158	+Quiet output.
	1159	+Nothing is displayed except the summary lines at startup time and
	1160	+when finished.
	1161	+.TP
	1162	+\fB-R\fR
	1163	+Record route.
	1164	+Includes the RECORD_ROUTE option in the ECHO_REQUEST
	1165	+packet and displays the route buffer on returned packets.
	1166	+Note that the IP header is only large enough for nine such routes.
	1167	+Many hosts ignore or discard this option.
	1168	+.TP
	1169	+\fB-r\fR
	1170	+Bypass the normal routing tables and send directly to a host on an attached
	1171	+interface.
	1172	+If the host is not on a directly-attached network, an error is returned.
	1173	+This option can be used to ping a local host through an interface
	1174	+that has no route through it provided the option \fB-I\fR is also
	1175	+used.
	1176	+.TP
	1177	+\fB-s \fIpacketsize\fB\fR
	1178	+Specifies the number of data bytes to be sent.
	1179	+The default is 56, which translates into 64 ICMP
	1180	+data bytes when combined with the 8 bytes of ICMP header data.
	1181	+.TP
	1182	+\fB-S \fIsndbuf\fB\fR
	1183	+Set socket sndbuf. If not specified, it is selected to buffer
	1184	+not more than one packet.
	1185	+.TP
	1186	+\fB-t \fIttl\fB\fR
	1187	+Set the IP Time to Live.
	1188	+.TP
	1189	+\fB-T \fItimestamp option\fB\fR
	1190	+Set special IP timestamp options.
	1191	+\fItimestamp option\fR may be either
	1192	+\fItsonly\fR (only timestamps),
	1193	+\fItsandaddr\fR (timestamps and addresses) or
	1194	+\fItsprespec host1 [host2 [host3 [host4]]]\fR
	1195	+(timestamp prespecified hops).
	1196	+.TP
	1197	+\fB-M \fIhint\fB\fR
	1198	+Select Path MTU Discovery strategy.
	1199	+\fIhint\fR may be either \fIdo\fR
	1200	+(prohibit fragmentation, even local one),
	1201	+\fIwant\fR (do PMTU discovery, fragment locally when packet size
	1202	+is large), or \fIdont\fR (do not set DF flag).
	1203	+.TP
	1204	+\fB-U\fR
	1205	+Print full user-to-user latency (the old behaviour). Normally
	1206	+\fBping\fR
	1207	+prints network round trip time, which can be different
	1208	+f.e. due to DNS failures.
	1209	+.TP
	1210	+\fB-v\fR
	1211	+Verbose output.
	1212	+.TP
	1213	+\fB-V\fR
	1214	+Show version and exit.
	1215	+.TP
	1216	+\fB-w \fIdeadline\fB\fR
	1217	+Specify a timeout, in seconds, before
	1218	+\fBping\fR
	1219	+exits regardless of how many
	1220	+packets have been sent or received. In this case
	1221	+\fBping\fR
	1222	+does not stop after
	1223	+\fIcount\fR
	1224	+packet are sent, it waits either for
	1225	+\fIdeadline\fR
	1226	+expire or until
	1227	+\fIcount\fR
	1228	+probes are answered or for some error notification from network.
	1229	+.TP
	1230	+\fB-W \fItimeout\fB\fR
	1231	+Time to wait for a response, in seconds. The option affects only timeout
	1232	+in absense of any responses, otherwise \fBping\fR waits for two RTTs.
	1233	+.PP
	1234	+When using \fBping\fR for fault isolation, it should first be run
	1235	+on the local host, to verify that the local network interface is up
	1236	+and running. Then, hosts and gateways further and further away should be
	1237	+``pinged''. Round-trip times and packet loss statistics are computed.
	1238	+If duplicate packets are received, they are not included in the packet
	1239	+loss calculation, although the round trip time of these packets is used
	1240	+in calculating the minimum/average/maximum round-trip time numbers.
	1241	+When the specified number of packets have been sent (and received) or
	1242	+if the program is terminated with a
	1243	+SIGINT, a brief summary is displayed. Shorter current statistics
	1244	+can be obtained without termination of process with signal
	1245	+SIGQUIT.
	1246	+.PP
	1247	+If \fBping\fR does not receive any reply packets at all it will
	1248	+exit with code 1. If a packet
	1249	+\fIcount\fR
	1250	+and
	1251	+\fIdeadline\fR
	1252	+are both specified, and fewer than
	1253	+\fIcount\fR
	1254	+packets are received by the time the
	1255	+\fIdeadline\fR
	1256	+has arrived, it will also exit with code 1.
	1257	+On other error it exits with code 2. Otherwise it exits with code 0. This
	1258	+makes it possible to use the exit code to see if a host is alive or
	1259	+not.
	1260	+.PP
	1261	+This program is intended for use in network testing, measurement and
	1262	+management.
	1263	+Because of the load it can impose on the network, it is unwise to use
	1264	+\fBping\fR during normal operations or from automated scripts.
	1265	+.SH "ICMP PACKET DETAILS"
	1266	+.PP
	1267	+An IP header without options is 20 bytes.
	1268	+An ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packet contains an additional 8 bytes worth
	1269	+of ICMP header followed by an arbitrary amount of data.
	1270	+When a \fIpacketsize\fR is given, this indicated the size of this
	1271	+extra piece of data (the default is 56). Thus the amount of data received
	1272	+inside of an IP packet of type ICMP ECHO_REPLY will always be 8 bytes
	1273	+more than the requested data space (the ICMP header).
	1274	+.PP
	1275	+If the data space is at least of size of struct timeval
	1276	+\fBping\fR uses the beginning bytes of this space to include
	1277	+a timestamp which it uses in the computation of round trip times.
	1278	+If the data space is shorter, no round trip times are given.
	1279	+.SH "DUPLICATE AND DAMAGED PACKETS"
	1280	+.PP
	1281	+\fBping\fR will report duplicate and damaged packets.
	1282	+Duplicate packets should never occur, and seem to be caused by
	1283	+inappropriate link-level retransmissions.
	1284	+Duplicates may occur in many situations and are rarely (if ever) a
	1285	+good sign, although the presence of low levels of duplicates may not
	1286	+always be cause for alarm.
	1287	+.PP
	1288	+Damaged packets are obviously serious cause for alarm and often
	1289	+indicate broken hardware somewhere in the
	1290	+\fBping\fR packet's path (in the network or in the hosts).
	1291	+.SH "TRYING DIFFERENT DATA PATTERNS"
	1292	+.PP
	1293	+The (inter)network layer should never treat packets differently depending
	1294	+on the data contained in the data portion.
	1295	+Unfortunately, data-dependent problems have been known to sneak into
	1296	+networks and remain undetected for long periods of time.
	1297	+In many cases the particular pattern that will have problems is something
	1298	+that doesn't have sufficient ``transitions'', such as all ones or all
	1299	+zeros, or a pattern right at the edge, such as almost all zeros.
	1300	+It isn't necessarily enough to specify a data pattern of all zeros (for
	1301	+example) on the command line because the pattern that is of interest is
	1302	+at the data link level, and the relationship between what you type and
	1303	+what the controllers transmit can be complicated.
	1304	+.PP
	1305	+This means that if you have a data-dependent problem you will probably
	1306	+have to do a lot of testing to find it.
	1307	+If you are lucky, you may manage to find a file that either can't be sent
	1308	+across your network or that takes much longer to transfer than other
	1309	+similar length files.
	1310	+You can then examine this file for repeated patterns that you can test
	1311	+using the \fB-p\fR option of \fBping\fR.
	1312	+.SH "TTL DETAILS"
	1313	+.PP
	1314	+The TTL value of an IP packet represents the maximum number of IP routers
	1315	+that the packet can go through before being thrown away.
	1316	+In current practice you can expect each router in the Internet to decrement
	1317	+the TTL field by exactly one.
	1318	+.PP
	1319	+The TCP/IP specification states that the TTL field for TCP
	1320	+packets should be set to 60, but many systems use smaller values
	1321	+(4.3 BSD uses 30, 4.2 used 15).
	1322	+.PP
	1323	+The maximum possible value of this field is 255, and most Unix systems set
	1324	+the TTL field of ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to 255.
	1325	+This is why you will find you can ``ping'' some hosts, but not reach them
	1326	+with
	1327	+\fBtelnet\fR(1)
	1328	+or
	1329	+\fBftp\fR(1).
	1330	+.PP
	1331	+In normal operation ping prints the ttl value from the packet it receives.
	1332	+When a remote system receives a ping packet, it can do one of three things
	1333	+with the TTL field in its response:
	1334	+.TP 0.2i
	1335	+\(bu
	1336	+Not change it; this is what Berkeley Unix systems did before the
	1337	+4.3BSD Tahoe release. In this case the TTL value in the received packet
	1338	+will be 255 minus the number of routers in the round-trip path.
	1339	+.TP 0.2i
	1340	+\(bu
	1341	+Set it to 255; this is what current Berkeley Unix systems do.
	1342	+In this case the TTL value in the received packet will be 255 minus the
	1343	+number of routers in the path \fBfrom\fR
	1344	+the remote system \fBto\fR the \fBping\fRing host.
	1345	+.TP 0.2i
	1346	+\(bu
	1347	+Set it to some other value. Some machines use the same value for
	1348	+ICMP packets that they use for TCP packets, for example either 30 or 60.
	1349	+Others may use completely wild values.
	1350	+.SH "BUGS"
	1351	+.TP 0.2i
	1352	+\(bu
	1353	+Many Hosts and Gateways ignore the RECORD_ROUTE option.
	1354	+.TP 0.2i
	1355	+\(bu
	1356	+The maximum IP header length is too small for options like
	1357	+RECORD_ROUTE to be completely useful.
	1358	+There's not much that that can be done about this, however.
	1359	+.TP 0.2i
	1360	+\(bu
	1361	+Flood pinging is not recommended in general, and flood pinging the
	1362	+broadcast address should only be done under very controlled conditions.
	1363	+.SH "SEE ALSO"
	1364	+.PP
	1365	+\fBnetstat\fR(1),
	1366	+\fBifconfig\fR(8).
	1367	+.SH "HISTORY"
	1368	+.PP
	1369	+The \fBping\fR command appeared in 4.3BSD.
	1370	+.PP
	1371	+The version described here is its descendant specific to Linux.
	1372	+.SH "SECURITY"
	1373	+.PP
	1374	+\fBping\fR requires CAP_NET_RAWIO capability
	1375	+to be executed. It may be used as set-uid root.
	1376	+.SH "AVAILABILITY"
	1377	+.PP
	1378	+\fBping\fR is part of \fIiputils\fR package
	1379	+and the latest versions are available in source form at
	1380	+http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2.
[ecc1136]	1381	diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r1022.html iputils-s20101006/doc/r1022.html
	1382	--- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r1022.html 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
	1383	+++ iputils-s20101006/doc/r1022.html 2011-01-08 20:09:49.623373190 -0500
[8867e46]	1384	@@ -0,0 +1,511 @@
	1385	+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
	1386	+<HTML
	1387	+><HEAD
	1388	+><TITLE
	1389	+>rdisc</TITLE
	1390	+><META
	1391	+NAME="GENERATOR"
	1392	+CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
	1393	+REL="HOME"
	1394	+TITLE="System Manager's Manual: iputils"
	1395	+HREF="index.html"><LINK
	1396	+REL="PREVIOUS"
	1397	+TITLE="tftpd"
	1398	+HREF="r949.html"><LINK
	1399	+REL="NEXT"
	1400	+TITLE="pg3"
	1401	+HREF="r1144.html"></HEAD
	1402	+><BODY
	1403	+CLASS="REFENTRY"
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	1409	+><DIV
	1410	+CLASS="NAVHEADER"
	1411	+><TABLE
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	1417	+><TR
	1418	+><TH
	1419	+COLSPAN="3"
	1420	+ALIGN="center"
	1421	+>System Manager's Manual: iputils</TH
	1422	+></TR
	1423	+><TR
	1424	+><TD
	1425	+WIDTH="10%"
	1426	+ALIGN="left"
	1427	+VALIGN="bottom"
	1428	+><A
	1429	+HREF="r949.html"
	1430	+ACCESSKEY="P"
	1431	+>Prev</A
	1432	+></TD
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	1434	+WIDTH="80%"
	1435	+ALIGN="center"
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	1438	+><TD
	1439	+WIDTH="10%"
	1440	+ALIGN="right"
	1441	+VALIGN="bottom"
	1442	+><A
	1443	+HREF="r1144.html"
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	1445	+>Next</A
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	1447	+></TR
	1448	+></TABLE
	1449	+><HR
	1450	+ALIGN="LEFT"
	1451	+WIDTH="100%"></DIV
	1452	+><H1
	1453	+><A
	1454	+NAME="RDISC"
	1455	+></A
	1456	+>rdisc</H1
	1457	+><DIV
	1458	+CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
	1459	+><A
	1460	+NAME="AEN1027"
	1461	+></A
	1462	+><H2
	1463	+>Name</H2
	1464	+>rdisc -- network router discovery daemon</DIV
	1465	+><DIV
	1466	+CLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
	1467	+><A
	1468	+NAME="AEN1030"
	1469	+></A
	1470	+><H2
	1471	+>Synopsis</H2
	1472	+><P
	1473	+><B
	1474	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	1475	+>rdisc</B
	1476	+> [<CODE
	1477	+CLASS="OPTION"
	1478	+>-abdfstvV</CODE
	1479	+>] [<TT
	1480	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	1481	+><I
	1482	+>send_address</I
	1483	+></TT
	1484	+>] [<TT
	1485	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	1486	+><I
	1487	+>receive_address</I
	1488	+></TT
	1489	+>]</P
	1490	+></DIV
	1491	+><DIV
	1492	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	1493	+><A
	1494	+NAME="AEN1039"
	1495	+></A
	1496	+><H2
	1497	+>DESCRIPTION</H2
	1498	+><P
	1499	+><B
	1500	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	1501	+>rdisc</B
	1502	+> implements client side of the ICMP router discover protocol.
	1503	+<B
	1504	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	1505	+>rdisc</B
	1506	+> is invoked at boot time to populate the network
	1507	+routing tables with default routes. </P
	1508	+><P
	1509	+><B
	1510	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	1511	+>rdisc</B
	1512	+> listens on the ALL_HOSTS (224.0.0.1) multicast address
	1513	+(or <TT
	1514	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	1515	+><I
	1516	+>receive_address</I
	1517	+></TT
	1518	+> provided it is given)
	1519	+for ROUTER_ADVERTISE messages from routers. The received
	1520	+messages are handled by first ignoring those listed router addresses
	1521	+with which the host does not share a network. Among the remaining addresses
	1522	+the ones with the highest preference are selected as default routers
	1523	+and a default route is entered in the kernel routing table
	1524	+for each one of them.</P
	1525	+><P
	1526	+>Optionally, <B
	1527	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	1528	+>rdisc</B
	1529	+> can avoid waiting for routers to announce
	1530	+themselves by sending out a few ROUTER_SOLICITATION messages
	1531	+to the ALL_ROUTERS (224.0.0.2) multicast address
	1532	+(or <TT
	1533	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	1534	+><I
	1535	+>send_address</I
	1536	+></TT
	1537	+> provided it is given)
	1538	+when it is started.</P
	1539	+><P
	1540	+>A timer is associated with each router address and the address will
	1541	+no longer be considered for inclusion in the the routing tables if the
	1542	+timer expires before a new
	1543	+<SPAN
	1544	+CLASS="emphasis"
	1545	+><I
	1546	+CLASS="EMPHASIS"
	1547	+>advertise</I
	1548	+></SPAN
	1549	+> message is received from the router.
	1550	+The address will also be excluded from consideration if the host receives an
	1551	+<SPAN
	1552	+CLASS="emphasis"
	1553	+><I
	1554	+CLASS="EMPHASIS"
	1555	+>advertise</I
	1556	+></SPAN
	1557	+>
	1558	+message with the preference being maximally negative.</P
	1559	+><P
	1560	+>Server side of router discovery protocol is supported by Cisco IOS
	1561	+and by any more or less complete UNIX routing daemon, f.e <B
	1562	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	1563	+>gated</B
	1564	+>.</P
	1565	+></DIV
	1566	+><DIV
	1567	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	1568	+><A
	1569	+NAME="AEN1055"
	1570	+></A
	1571	+><H2
	1572	+>OPTIONS</H2
	1573	+><P
	1574	+></P
	1575	+><DIV
	1576	+CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
	1577	+><DL
	1578	+><DT
	1579	+><CODE
	1580	+CLASS="OPTION"
	1581	+>-a</CODE
	1582	+></DT
	1583	+><DD
	1584	+><P
	1585	+>Accept all routers independently of the preference they have in their
	1586	+<SPAN
	1587	+CLASS="emphasis"
	1588	+><I
	1589	+CLASS="EMPHASIS"
	1590	+>advertise</I
	1591	+></SPAN
	1592	+> messages.
	1593	+Normally <B
	1594	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	1595	+>rdisc</B
	1596	+> only accepts (and enters in the kernel routing
	1597	+tables) the router or routers with the highest preference.
	1598	+ </P
	1599	+></DD
	1600	+><DT
	1601	+><CODE
	1602	+CLASS="OPTION"
	1603	+>-b</CODE
	1604	+></DT
	1605	+><DD
	1606	+><P
	1607	+>Opposite to <CODE
	1608	+CLASS="OPTION"
	1609	+>-a</CODE
	1610	+>, i.e. install only router with the best
	1611	+preference value. It is default behaviour.
	1612	+ </P
	1613	+></DD
	1614	+><DT
	1615	+><CODE
	1616	+CLASS="OPTION"
	1617	+>-d</CODE
	1618	+></DT
	1619	+><DD
	1620	+><P
	1621	+>Send debugging messages to syslog.
	1622	+ </P
	1623	+></DD
	1624	+><DT
	1625	+><CODE
	1626	+CLASS="OPTION"
	1627	+>-f</CODE
	1628	+></DT
	1629	+><DD
	1630	+><P
	1631	+>Run <B
	1632	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	1633	+>rdisc</B
	1634	+> forever even if no routers are found.
	1635	+Normally <B
	1636	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	1637	+>rdisc</B
	1638	+> gives up if it has not received any
	1639	+<SPAN
	1640	+CLASS="emphasis"
	1641	+><I
	1642	+CLASS="EMPHASIS"
	1643	+>advertise</I
	1644	+></SPAN
	1645	+> message after after soliciting three times,
	1646	+in which case it exits with a non-zero exit code.
	1647	+If <CODE
	1648	+CLASS="OPTION"
	1649	+>-f</CODE
	1650	+> is not specified in the first form then
	1651	+<CODE
	1652	+CLASS="OPTION"
	1653	+>-s</CODE
	1654	+> must be specified.
	1655	+ </P
	1656	+></DD
	1657	+><DT
	1658	+><CODE
	1659	+CLASS="OPTION"
	1660	+>-s</CODE
	1661	+></DT
	1662	+><DD
	1663	+><P
	1664	+>Send three <SPAN
	1665	+CLASS="emphasis"
	1666	+><I
	1667	+CLASS="EMPHASIS"
	1668	+>solicitation</I
	1669	+></SPAN
	1670	+> messages initially to quickly discover
	1671	+the routers when the system is booted.
	1672	+When <CODE
	1673	+CLASS="OPTION"
	1674	+>-s</CODE
	1675	+> is specified <B
	1676	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	1677	+>rdisc</B
	1678	+>
	1679	+exits with a non-zero exit code if it can not find any routers.
	1680	+This can be overridden with the <CODE
	1681	+CLASS="OPTION"
	1682	+>-f</CODE
	1683	+> option.
	1684	+ </P
	1685	+></DD
	1686	+><DT
	1687	+><CODE
	1688	+CLASS="OPTION"
	1689	+>-t</CODE
	1690	+></DT
	1691	+><DD
	1692	+><P
	1693	+>Test mode. Do not go to background.
	1694	+ </P
	1695	+></DD
	1696	+><DT
	1697	+><CODE
	1698	+CLASS="OPTION"
	1699	+>-v</CODE
	1700	+></DT
	1701	+><DD
	1702	+><P
	1703	+>Be verbose i.e. send lots of debugging messages to syslog.
	1704	+ </P
	1705	+></DD
	1706	+><DT
	1707	+><CODE
	1708	+CLASS="OPTION"
	1709	+>-V</CODE
	1710	+></DT
	1711	+><DD
	1712	+><P
	1713	+>Print version and exit.
	1714	+ </P
	1715	+></DD
	1716	+></DL
	1717	+></DIV
	1718	+></DIV
	1719	+><DIV
	1720	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	1721	+><A
	1722	+NAME="AEN1110"
	1723	+></A
	1724	+><H2
	1725	+>HISTORY</H2
	1726	+><P
	1727	+>This program was developed by Sun Microsystems (see copyright
	1728	+notice in source file). It was ported to Linux by
	1729	+<A
	1730	+HREF="mailto:kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru"
	1731	+TARGET="_top"
	1732	+>Alexey Kuznetsov
	1733	+<kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru></A
	1734	+>.
	1735	+It is now maintained by
	1736	+<A
	1737	+HREF="mailto:yoshfuji@skbuff.net"
	1738	+TARGET="_top"
	1739	+>YOSHIFUJI Hideaki
	1740	+<yoshfuji@skbuff.net></A
	1741	+>.</P
	1742	+></DIV
	1743	+><DIV
	1744	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	1745	+><A
	1746	+NAME="AEN1115"
	1747	+></A
	1748	+><H2
	1749	+>SEE ALSO</H2
	1750	+><P
	1751	+><SPAN
	1752	+CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
	1753	+><SPAN
	1754	+CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
	1755	+>icmp</SPAN
	1756	+>(7)</SPAN
	1757	+>,
	1758	+<SPAN
	1759	+CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
	1760	+><SPAN
	1761	+CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
	1762	+>inet</SPAN
	1763	+>(7)</SPAN
	1764	+>,
	1765	+<A
	1766	+HREF="r3.html"
	1767	+><SPAN
	1768	+CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
	1769	+><SPAN
	1770	+CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
	1771	+>ping</SPAN
	1772	+>(8)</SPAN
	1773	+></A
	1774	+>.</P
	1775	+></DIV
	1776	+><DIV
	1777	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	1778	+><A
	1779	+NAME="AEN1128"
	1780	+></A
	1781	+><H2
	1782	+>REFERENCES</H2
	1783	+><P
	1784	+>Deering, S.E.,ed "ICMP Router Discovery Messages",
	1785	+<A
	1786	+HREF="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1256.txt"
	1787	+TARGET="_top"
	1788	+>RFC1256</A
	1789	+>, Network Information Center, SRI International,
	1790	+Menlo Park, Calif., September 1991.</P
	1791	+></DIV
	1792	+><DIV
	1793	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	1794	+><A
	1795	+NAME="AEN1132"
	1796	+></A
	1797	+><H2
	1798	+>SECURITY</H2
	1799	+><P
	1800	+><B
	1801	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	1802	+>rdisc</B
	1803	+> requires <CODE
	1804	+CLASS="CONSTANT"
	1805	+>CAP_NET_RAWIO</CODE
	1806	+> to listen
	1807	+and send ICMP messages and capability <CODE
	1808	+CLASS="CONSTANT"
	1809	+>CAP_NET_ADMIN</CODE
	1810	+>
	1811	+to update routing tables. </P
	1812	+></DIV
	1813	+><DIV
	1814	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	1815	+><A
	1816	+NAME="AEN1138"
	1817	+></A
	1818	+><H2
	1819	+>AVAILABILITY</H2
	1820	+><P
	1821	+><B
	1822	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	1823	+>rdisc</B
	1824	+> is part of <TT
	1825	+CLASS="FILENAME"
	1826	+>iputils</TT
	1827	+> package
	1828	+and the latest versions are available in source form at
	1829	+<A
	1830	+HREF="http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2"
	1831	+TARGET="_top"
	1832	+>http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2</A
	1833	+>.</P
	1834	+></DIV
	1835	+><DIV
	1836	+CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
	1837	+><HR
	1838	+ALIGN="LEFT"
	1839	+WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
	1840	+SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
	1841	+WIDTH="100%"
	1842	+BORDER="0"
	1843	+CELLPADDING="0"
	1844	+CELLSPACING="0"
	1845	+><TR
	1846	+><TD
	1847	+WIDTH="33%"
	1848	+ALIGN="left"
	1849	+VALIGN="top"
	1850	+><A
	1851	+HREF="r949.html"
	1852	+ACCESSKEY="P"
	1853	+>Prev</A
	1854	+></TD
	1855	+><TD
	1856	+WIDTH="34%"
	1857	+ALIGN="center"
	1858	+VALIGN="top"
	1859	+><A
	1860	+HREF="index.html"
	1861	+ACCESSKEY="H"
	1862	+>Home</A
	1863	+></TD
	1864	+><TD
	1865	+WIDTH="33%"
	1866	+ALIGN="right"
	1867	+VALIGN="top"
	1868	+><A
	1869	+HREF="r1144.html"
	1870	+ACCESSKEY="N"
	1871	+>Next</A
	1872	+></TD
	1873	+></TR
	1874	+><TR
	1875	+><TD
	1876	+WIDTH="33%"
	1877	+ALIGN="left"
	1878	+VALIGN="top"
	1879	+>tftpd</TD
	1880	+><TD
	1881	+WIDTH="34%"
	1882	+ALIGN="center"
	1883	+VALIGN="top"
	1884	+> </TD
	1885	+><TD
	1886	+WIDTH="33%"
	1887	+ALIGN="right"
	1888	+VALIGN="top"
	1889	+>pg3</TD
	1890	+></TR
	1891	+></TABLE
	1892	+></DIV
	1893	+></BODY
	1894	+></HTML
	1895	+>
	1896	\ No newline at end of file
[ecc1136]	1897	diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r1144.html iputils-s20101006/doc/r1144.html
	1898	--- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r1144.html 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
	1899	+++ iputils-s20101006/doc/r1144.html 2011-01-08 20:09:49.631531431 -0500
[8867e46]	1900	@@ -0,0 +1,428 @@
	1901	+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
	1902	+<HTML
	1903	+><HEAD
	1904	+><TITLE
	1905	+>pg3</TITLE
	1906	+><META
	1907	+NAME="GENERATOR"
	1908	+CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
	1909	+REL="HOME"
	1910	+TITLE="System Manager's Manual: iputils"
	1911	+HREF="index.html"><LINK
	1912	+REL="PREVIOUS"
	1913	+TITLE="rdisc"
	1914	+HREF="r1022.html"></HEAD
	1915	+><BODY
	1916	+CLASS="REFENTRY"
	1917	+BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
	1918	+TEXT="#000000"
	1919	+LINK="#0000FF"
	1920	+VLINK="#840084"
	1921	+ALINK="#0000FF"
	1922	+><DIV
	1923	+CLASS="NAVHEADER"
	1924	+><TABLE
	1925	+SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
	1926	+WIDTH="100%"
	1927	+BORDER="0"
	1928	+CELLPADDING="0"
	1929	+CELLSPACING="0"
	1930	+><TR
	1931	+><TH
	1932	+COLSPAN="3"
	1933	+ALIGN="center"
	1934	+>System Manager's Manual: iputils</TH
	1935	+></TR
	1936	+><TR
	1937	+><TD
	1938	+WIDTH="10%"
	1939	+ALIGN="left"
	1940	+VALIGN="bottom"
	1941	+><A
	1942	+HREF="r1022.html"
	1943	+ACCESSKEY="P"
	1944	+>Prev</A
	1945	+></TD
	1946	+><TD
	1947	+WIDTH="80%"
	1948	+ALIGN="center"
	1949	+VALIGN="bottom"
	1950	+></TD
	1951	+><TD
	1952	+WIDTH="10%"
	1953	+ALIGN="right"
	1954	+VALIGN="bottom"
	1955	+> </TD
	1956	+></TR
	1957	+></TABLE
	1958	+><HR
	1959	+ALIGN="LEFT"
	1960	+WIDTH="100%"></DIV
	1961	+><H1
	1962	+><A
	1963	+NAME="PG3"
	1964	+></A
	1965	+>pg3</H1
	1966	+><DIV
	1967	+CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
	1968	+><A
	1969	+NAME="AEN1149"
	1970	+></A
	1971	+><H2
	1972	+>Name</H2
	1973	+>pg3, ipg, pgset -- send stream of UDP packets</DIV
	1974	+><DIV
	1975	+CLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
	1976	+><A
	1977	+NAME="AEN1152"
	1978	+></A
	1979	+><H2
	1980	+>Synopsis</H2
	1981	+><P
	1982	+><B
	1983	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	1984	+>source ipg</B
	1985	+> </P
	1986	+><P
	1987	+><B
	1988	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	1989	+>pg</B
	1990	+> </P
	1991	+><P
	1992	+><B
	1993	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	1994	+>pgset</B
	1995	+> {<TT
	1996	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	1997	+><I
	1998	+>COMMAND</I
	1999	+></TT
	2000	+>}</P
	2001	+></DIV
	2002	+><DIV
	2003	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	2004	+><A
	2005	+NAME="AEN1161"
	2006	+></A
	2007	+><H2
	2008	+>DESCRIPTION</H2
	2009	+><P
	2010	+><B
	2011	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	2012	+>ipg</B
	2013	+> is not a program, it is script which should be sourced
	2014	+to <B
	2015	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	2016	+>bash</B
	2017	+>. When sourced it loads module <TT
	2018	+CLASS="FILENAME"
	2019	+>pg3</TT
	2020	+> and
	2021	+exports a few of functions accessible from parent shell. These macros
	2022	+are <B
	2023	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	2024	+>pg</B
	2025	+> to start packet injection and to get the results of run;
	2026	+and <B
	2027	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	2028	+>pgset</B
	2029	+> to setup packet generator.</P
	2030	+><P
	2031	+><B
	2032	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	2033	+>pgset</B
	2034	+> can send the following commands to module <TT
	2035	+CLASS="FILENAME"
	2036	+>pg3</TT
	2037	+>:</P
	2038	+></DIV
	2039	+><DIV
	2040	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	2041	+><A
	2042	+NAME="AEN1172"
	2043	+></A
	2044	+><H2
	2045	+>COMMAND</H2
	2046	+><P
	2047	+></P
	2048	+><DIV
	2049	+CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
	2050	+><DL
	2051	+><DT
	2052	+><CODE
	2053	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2054	+>odev <TT
	2055	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2056	+><I
	2057	+>DEVICE</I
	2058	+></TT
	2059	+></CODE
	2060	+></DT
	2061	+><DD
	2062	+><P
	2063	+>Name of Ethernet device to test. See
	2064	+<A
	2065	+HREF="r1144.html#PG3.WARNING"
	2066	+>warning</A
	2067	+> below.
	2068	+ </P
	2069	+></DD
	2070	+><DT
	2071	+><CODE
	2072	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2073	+>pkt_size <TT
	2074	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2075	+><I
	2076	+>BYTES</I
	2077	+></TT
	2078	+></CODE
	2079	+></DT
	2080	+><DD
	2081	+><P
	2082	+>Size of packet to generate. The size includes all the headers: UDP, IP,
	2083	+MAC, but does not account for overhead internal to medium, i.e. FCS
	2084	+and various paddings.
	2085	+ </P
	2086	+></DD
	2087	+><DT
	2088	+><CODE
	2089	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2090	+>frags <TT
	2091	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2092	+><I
	2093	+>NUMBER</I
	2094	+></TT
	2095	+></CODE
	2096	+></DT
	2097	+><DD
	2098	+><P
	2099	+>Each packet will contain <TT
	2100	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2101	+><I
	2102	+>NUMBER</I
	2103	+></TT
	2104	+> of fragments.
	2105	+Maximal amount for linux-2.4 is 6. Far not all the devices support
	2106	+fragmented buffers.
	2107	+ </P
	2108	+></DD
	2109	+><DT
	2110	+><CODE
	2111	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2112	+>count <TT
	2113	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2114	+><I
	2115	+>NUMBER</I
	2116	+></TT
	2117	+></CODE
	2118	+></DT
	2119	+><DD
	2120	+><P
	2121	+>Send stream of <TT
	2122	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2123	+><I
	2124	+>NUMBER</I
	2125	+></TT
	2126	+> of packets and stop after this.
	2127	+ </P
	2128	+></DD
	2129	+><DT
	2130	+><CODE
	2131	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2132	+>ipg <TT
	2133	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2134	+><I
	2135	+>TIME</I
	2136	+></TT
	2137	+></CODE
	2138	+></DT
	2139	+><DD
	2140	+><P
	2141	+>Introduce artificial delay between packets of <TT
	2142	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2143	+><I
	2144	+>TIME</I
	2145	+></TT
	2146	+>
	2147	+microseconds.
	2148	+ </P
	2149	+></DD
	2150	+><DT
	2151	+><CODE
	2152	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2153	+>dst <TT
	2154	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2155	+><I
	2156	+>IP_ADDRESS</I
	2157	+></TT
	2158	+></CODE
	2159	+></DT
	2160	+><DD
	2161	+><P
	2162	+>Select IP destination where the stream is sent to.
	2163	+Beware, never set this address at random. <B
	2164	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	2165	+>pg3</B
	2166	+> is not a toy,
	2167	+it creates really tough stream. Default value is 0.0.0.0.
	2168	+ </P
	2169	+></DD
	2170	+><DT
	2171	+><CODE
	2172	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2173	+>dst <TT
	2174	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2175	+><I
	2176	+>MAC_ADDRESS</I
	2177	+></TT
	2178	+></CODE
	2179	+></DT
	2180	+><DD
	2181	+><P
	2182	+>Select MAC destination where the stream is sent to.
	2183	+Default value is 00:00:00:00:00:00 in hope that this will not be received
	2184	+by any node on LAN.
	2185	+ </P
	2186	+></DD
	2187	+><DT
	2188	+><CODE
	2189	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2190	+>stop</CODE
	2191	+></DT
	2192	+><DD
	2193	+><P
	2194	+>Abort packet injection.
	2195	+ </P
	2196	+></DD
	2197	+></DL
	2198	+></DIV
	2199	+></DIV
	2200	+><DIV
	2201	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	2202	+><A
	2203	+NAME="PG3.WARNING"
	2204	+></A
	2205	+><H2
	2206	+>WARNING</H2
	2207	+><P
	2208	+>When output device is set to some random device different
	2209	+of hardware Ethernet device, <B
	2210	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	2211	+>pg3</B
	2212	+> will crash kernel.</P
	2213	+><P
	2214	+>Do not use it on VLAN, ethertap, VTUN and other devices,
	2215	+which emulate Ethernet not being real Ethernet in fact.</P
	2216	+></DIV
	2217	+><DIV
	2218	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	2219	+><A
	2220	+NAME="AEN1232"
	2221	+></A
	2222	+><H2
	2223	+>AUTHOR</H2
	2224	+><P
	2225	+><B
	2226	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	2227	+>pg3</B
	2228	+> was written by <A
	2229	+HREF="mailto:robert.olsson@its.uu.se"
	2230	+TARGET="_top"
	2231	+>Robert Olsson <robert.olsson@its.uu.se></A
	2232	+>.</P
	2233	+></DIV
	2234	+><DIV
	2235	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	2236	+><A
	2237	+NAME="AEN1237"
	2238	+></A
	2239	+><H2
	2240	+>SECURITY</H2
	2241	+><P
	2242	+>This can be used only by superuser.</P
	2243	+><P
	2244	+>This tool creates floods of packets which is unlikely to be handled
	2245	+even by high-end machines. For example, it saturates gigabit link with
	2246	+60 byte packets when used with Intel's e1000. In face of such stream
	2247	+switches, routers and end hosts may deadlock, crash, explode.
	2248	+Use only in test lab environment.</P
	2249	+></DIV
	2250	+><DIV
	2251	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	2252	+><A
	2253	+NAME="AEN1241"
	2254	+></A
	2255	+><H2
	2256	+>AVAILABILITY</H2
	2257	+><P
	2258	+><B
	2259	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	2260	+>pg3</B
	2261	+> is part of <TT
	2262	+CLASS="FILENAME"
	2263	+>iputils</TT
	2264	+> package
	2265	+and the latest versions are available in source form at
	2266	+<A
	2267	+HREF="http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2"
	2268	+TARGET="_top"
	2269	+>http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2</A
	2270	+>.</P
	2271	+></DIV
	2272	+><DIV
	2273	+CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
	2274	+><HR
	2275	+ALIGN="LEFT"
	2276	+WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
	2277	+SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
	2278	+WIDTH="100%"
	2279	+BORDER="0"
	2280	+CELLPADDING="0"
	2281	+CELLSPACING="0"
	2282	+><TR
	2283	+><TD
	2284	+WIDTH="33%"
	2285	+ALIGN="left"
	2286	+VALIGN="top"
	2287	+><A
	2288	+HREF="r1022.html"
	2289	+ACCESSKEY="P"
	2290	+>Prev</A
	2291	+></TD
	2292	+><TD
	2293	+WIDTH="34%"
	2294	+ALIGN="center"
	2295	+VALIGN="top"
	2296	+><A
	2297	+HREF="index.html"
	2298	+ACCESSKEY="H"
	2299	+>Home</A
	2300	+></TD
	2301	+><TD
	2302	+WIDTH="33%"
	2303	+ALIGN="right"
	2304	+VALIGN="top"
	2305	+> </TD
	2306	+></TR
	2307	+><TR
	2308	+><TD
	2309	+WIDTH="33%"
	2310	+ALIGN="left"
	2311	+VALIGN="top"
	2312	+>rdisc</TD
	2313	+><TD
	2314	+WIDTH="34%"
	2315	+ALIGN="center"
	2316	+VALIGN="top"
	2317	+> </TD
	2318	+><TD
	2319	+WIDTH="33%"
	2320	+ALIGN="right"
	2321	+VALIGN="top"
	2322	+> </TD
	2323	+></TR
	2324	+></TABLE
	2325	+></DIV
	2326	+></BODY
	2327	+></HTML
	2328	+>
	2329	\ No newline at end of file
[ecc1136]	2330	diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r3.html iputils-s20101006/doc/r3.html
	2331	--- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r3.html 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
	2332	+++ iputils-s20101006/doc/r3.html 2011-01-08 20:09:49.558814956 -0500
[8867e46]	2333	@@ -0,0 +1,1494 @@
	2334	+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
	2335	+<HTML
	2336	+><HEAD
	2337	+><TITLE
	2338	+>ping</TITLE
	2339	+><META
	2340	+NAME="GENERATOR"
	2341	+CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
	2342	+REL="HOME"
	2343	+TITLE="System Manager's Manual: iputils"
	2344	+HREF="index.html"><LINK
	2345	+REL="PREVIOUS"
	2346	+TITLE="System Manager's Manual: iputils"
	2347	+HREF="index.html"><LINK
	2348	+REL="NEXT"
	2349	+TITLE="arping"
	2350	+HREF="r437.html"></HEAD
	2351	+><BODY
	2352	+CLASS="REFENTRY"
	2353	+BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
	2354	+TEXT="#000000"
	2355	+LINK="#0000FF"
	2356	+VLINK="#840084"
	2357	+ALINK="#0000FF"
	2358	+><DIV
	2359	+CLASS="NAVHEADER"
	2360	+><TABLE
	2361	+SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
	2362	+WIDTH="100%"
	2363	+BORDER="0"
	2364	+CELLPADDING="0"
	2365	+CELLSPACING="0"
	2366	+><TR
	2367	+><TH
	2368	+COLSPAN="3"
	2369	+ALIGN="center"
	2370	+>System Manager's Manual: iputils</TH
	2371	+></TR
	2372	+><TR
	2373	+><TD
	2374	+WIDTH="10%"
	2375	+ALIGN="left"
	2376	+VALIGN="bottom"
	2377	+><A
	2378	+HREF="index.html"
	2379	+ACCESSKEY="P"
	2380	+>Prev</A
	2381	+></TD
	2382	+><TD
	2383	+WIDTH="80%"
	2384	+ALIGN="center"
	2385	+VALIGN="bottom"
	2386	+></TD
	2387	+><TD
	2388	+WIDTH="10%"
	2389	+ALIGN="right"
	2390	+VALIGN="bottom"
	2391	+><A
	2392	+HREF="r437.html"
	2393	+ACCESSKEY="N"
	2394	+>Next</A
	2395	+></TD
	2396	+></TR
	2397	+></TABLE
	2398	+><HR
	2399	+ALIGN="LEFT"
	2400	+WIDTH="100%"></DIV
	2401	+><H1
	2402	+><A
	2403	+NAME="PING"
	2404	+></A
	2405	+>ping</H1
	2406	+><DIV
	2407	+CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
	2408	+><A
	2409	+NAME="AEN8"
	2410	+></A
	2411	+><H2
	2412	+>Name</H2
	2413	+>ping, ping6 -- send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts</DIV
	2414	+><DIV
	2415	+CLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
	2416	+><A
	2417	+NAME="AEN11"
	2418	+></A
	2419	+><H2
	2420	+>Synopsis</H2
	2421	+><P
	2422	+><B
	2423	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	2424	+>ping</B
	2425	+> [<CODE
	2426	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2427	+>-LRUbdfnqrvVaAB</CODE
	2428	+>] [-c <TT
	2429	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2430	+><I
	2431	+>count</I
	2432	+></TT
	2433	+>] [-m <TT
	2434	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2435	+><I
	2436	+>mark</I
	2437	+></TT
	2438	+>] [-i <TT
	2439	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2440	+><I
	2441	+>interval</I
	2442	+></TT
	2443	+>] [-l <TT
	2444	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2445	+><I
	2446	+>preload</I
	2447	+></TT
	2448	+>] [-p <TT
	2449	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2450	+><I
	2451	+>pattern</I
	2452	+></TT
	2453	+>] [-s <TT
	2454	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2455	+><I
	2456	+>packetsize</I
	2457	+></TT
	2458	+>] [-t <TT
	2459	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2460	+><I
	2461	+>ttl</I
	2462	+></TT
	2463	+>] [-w <TT
	2464	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2465	+><I
	2466	+>deadline</I
	2467	+></TT
	2468	+>] [-F <TT
	2469	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2470	+><I
	2471	+>flowlabel</I
	2472	+></TT
	2473	+>] [-I <TT
	2474	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2475	+><I
	2476	+>interface</I
	2477	+></TT
	2478	+>] [-M <TT
	2479	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2480	+><I
	2481	+>hint</I
	2482	+></TT
	2483	+>] [-N <TT
	2484	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2485	+><I
	2486	+>nioption</I
	2487	+></TT
	2488	+>] [-Q <TT
	2489	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2490	+><I
	2491	+>tos</I
	2492	+></TT
	2493	+>] [-S <TT
	2494	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2495	+><I
	2496	+>sndbuf</I
	2497	+></TT
	2498	+>] [-T <TT
	2499	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2500	+><I
	2501	+>timestamp option</I
	2502	+></TT
	2503	+>] [-W <TT
	2504	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2505	+><I
	2506	+>timeout</I
	2507	+></TT
	2508	+>] [<TT
	2509	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2510	+><I
	2511	+>hop</I
	2512	+></TT
	2513	+>...] {<TT
	2514	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2515	+><I
	2516	+>destination</I
	2517	+></TT
	2518	+>}</P
	2519	+></DIV
	2520	+><DIV
	2521	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	2522	+><A
	2523	+NAME="AEN52"
	2524	+></A
	2525	+><H2
	2526	+>DESCRIPTION</H2
	2527	+><P
	2528	+><B
	2529	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	2530	+>ping</B
	2531	+> uses the ICMP protocol's mandatory ECHO_REQUEST
	2532	+datagram to elicit an ICMP ECHO_RESPONSE from a host or gateway.
	2533	+ECHO_REQUEST datagrams (``pings'') have an IP and ICMP
	2534	+header, followed by a <CODE
	2535	+CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
	2536	+>struct timeval</CODE
	2537	+> and then an arbitrary
	2538	+number of ``pad'' bytes used to fill out the packet.</P
	2539	+><P
	2540	+><B
	2541	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	2542	+>ping6</B
	2543	+> can also send Node Information Queries (RFC4620).</P
	2544	+></DIV
	2545	+><DIV
	2546	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	2547	+><A
	2548	+NAME="AEN59"
	2549	+></A
	2550	+><H2
	2551	+>OPTIONS</H2
	2552	+><P
	2553	+></P
	2554	+><DIV
	2555	+CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
	2556	+><DL
	2557	+><DT
	2558	+><CODE
	2559	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2560	+>-a</CODE
	2561	+></DT
	2562	+><DD
	2563	+><P
	2564	+>Audible ping.
	2565	+ </P
	2566	+></DD
	2567	+><DT
	2568	+><CODE
	2569	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2570	+>-A</CODE
	2571	+></DT
	2572	+><DD
	2573	+><P
	2574	+>Adaptive ping. Interpacket interval adapts to round-trip time, so that
	2575	+effectively not more than one (or more, if preload is set) unanswered probes
	2576	+present in the network. Minimal interval is 200msec for not super-user.
	2577	+On networks with low rtt this mode is essentially equivalent to flood mode.
	2578	+ </P
	2579	+></DD
	2580	+><DT
	2581	+><CODE
	2582	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2583	+>-b</CODE
	2584	+></DT
	2585	+><DD
	2586	+><P
	2587	+>Allow pinging a broadcast address.
	2588	+ </P
	2589	+></DD
	2590	+><DT
	2591	+><CODE
	2592	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2593	+>-B</CODE
	2594	+></DT
	2595	+><DD
	2596	+><P
	2597	+>Do not allow <B
	2598	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	2599	+>ping</B
	2600	+> to change source address of probes.
	2601	+The address is bound to one selected when <B
	2602	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	2603	+>ping</B
	2604	+> starts.
	2605	+ </P
	2606	+></DD
	2607	+><DT
	2608	+><CODE
	2609	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2610	+>-m <TT
	2611	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2612	+><I
	2613	+>mark</I
	2614	+></TT
	2615	+></CODE
	2616	+></DT
	2617	+><DD
	2618	+><P
	2619	+>use <TT
	2620	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2621	+><I
	2622	+>mark</I
	2623	+></TT
	2624	+> to tag the packets going out. This is useful
	2625	+for variety of reasons within the kernel such as using policy
	2626	+routing to select specific outbound processing.
	2627	+ </P
	2628	+></DD
	2629	+><DT
	2630	+><CODE
	2631	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2632	+><A
	2633	+NAME="PING.COUNT"
	2634	+></A
	2635	+>-c <TT
	2636	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2637	+><I
	2638	+>count</I
	2639	+></TT
	2640	+></CODE
	2641	+></DT
	2642	+><DD
	2643	+><P
	2644	+>Stop after sending <TT
	2645	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2646	+><I
	2647	+>count</I
	2648	+></TT
	2649	+> ECHO_REQUEST
	2650	+packets. With
	2651	+<A
	2652	+HREF="r3.html#PING.DEADLINE"
	2653	+><TT
	2654	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2655	+><I
	2656	+>deadline</I
	2657	+></TT
	2658	+></A
	2659	+>
	2660	+option, <B
	2661	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	2662	+>ping</B
	2663	+> waits for
	2664	+<TT
	2665	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2666	+><I
	2667	+>count</I
	2668	+></TT
	2669	+> ECHO_REPLY packets, until the timeout expires.
	2670	+ </P
	2671	+></DD
	2672	+><DT
	2673	+><CODE
	2674	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2675	+>-d</CODE
	2676	+></DT
	2677	+><DD
	2678	+><P
	2679	+>Set the <CODE
	2680	+CLASS="CONSTANT"
	2681	+>SO_DEBUG</CODE
	2682	+> option on the socket being used.
	2683	+Essentially, this socket option is not used by Linux kernel.
	2684	+ </P
	2685	+></DD
	2686	+><DT
	2687	+><CODE
	2688	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2689	+>-F <TT
	2690	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2691	+><I
	2692	+>flow label</I
	2693	+></TT
	2694	+></CODE
	2695	+></DT
	2696	+><DD
	2697	+><P
	2698	+>Allocate and set 20 bit flow label on echo request packets.
	2699	+(Only <B
	2700	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	2701	+>ping6</B
	2702	+>). If value is zero, kernel allocates random flow label.
	2703	+ </P
	2704	+></DD
	2705	+><DT
	2706	+><CODE
	2707	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2708	+>-f</CODE
	2709	+></DT
	2710	+><DD
	2711	+><P
	2712	+>Flood ping. For every ECHO_REQUEST sent a period ``.'' is printed,
	2713	+while for ever ECHO_REPLY received a backspace is printed.
	2714	+This provides a rapid display of how many packets are being dropped.
	2715	+If interval is not given, it sets interval to zero and
	2716	+outputs packets as fast as they come back or one hundred times per second,
	2717	+whichever is more.
	2718	+Only the super-user may use this option with zero interval.
	2719	+ </P
	2720	+></DD
	2721	+><DT
	2722	+><CODE
	2723	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2724	+>-i <TT
	2725	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2726	+><I
	2727	+>interval</I
	2728	+></TT
	2729	+></CODE
	2730	+></DT
	2731	+><DD
	2732	+><P
	2733	+>Wait <TT
	2734	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2735	+><I
	2736	+>interval</I
	2737	+></TT
	2738	+> seconds between sending each packet.
	2739	+The default is to wait for one second between each packet normally,
	2740	+or not to wait in flood mode. Only super-user may set interval
	2741	+to values less 0.2 seconds.
	2742	+ </P
	2743	+></DD
	2744	+><DT
	2745	+><CODE
	2746	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2747	+>-I <TT
	2748	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2749	+><I
	2750	+>interface address</I
	2751	+></TT
	2752	+></CODE
	2753	+></DT
	2754	+><DD
	2755	+><P
	2756	+>Set source address to specified interface address. Argument
	2757	+may be numeric IP address or name of device. When pinging IPv6
	2758	+link-local address this option is required.
	2759	+ </P
	2760	+></DD
	2761	+><DT
	2762	+><CODE
	2763	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2764	+>-l <TT
	2765	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2766	+><I
	2767	+>preload</I
	2768	+></TT
	2769	+></CODE
	2770	+></DT
	2771	+><DD
	2772	+><P
	2773	+>If <TT
	2774	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2775	+><I
	2776	+>preload</I
	2777	+></TT
	2778	+> is specified,
	2779	+<B
	2780	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	2781	+>ping</B
	2782	+> sends that many packets not waiting for reply.
	2783	+Only the super-user may select preload more than 3.
	2784	+ </P
	2785	+></DD
	2786	+><DT
	2787	+><CODE
	2788	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2789	+>-L</CODE
	2790	+></DT
	2791	+><DD
	2792	+><P
	2793	+>Suppress loopback of multicast packets. This flag only applies if the ping
	2794	+destination is a multicast address.
	2795	+ </P
	2796	+></DD
	2797	+><DT
	2798	+><CODE
	2799	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2800	+>-N <TT
	2801	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2802	+><I
	2803	+>nioption</I
	2804	+></TT
	2805	+></CODE
	2806	+></DT
	2807	+><DD
	2808	+><P
	2809	+>Send ICMPv6 Node Information Queries (RFC4620), instead of Echo Request.
	2810	+ <P
	2811	+></P
	2812	+><DIV
	2813	+CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
	2814	+><DL
	2815	+><DT
	2816	+><CODE
	2817	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2818	+>name</CODE
	2819	+></DT
	2820	+><DD
	2821	+><P
	2822	+>Queries for Node Names.</P
	2823	+></DD
	2824	+></DL
	2825	+></DIV
	2826	+>
	2827	+ <P
	2828	+></P
	2829	+><DIV
	2830	+CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
	2831	+><DL
	2832	+><DT
	2833	+><CODE
	2834	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2835	+>ipv6</CODE
	2836	+></DT
	2837	+><DD
	2838	+><P
	2839	+>Queries for IPv6 Addresses. There are several IPv6 specific flags.
	2840	+ <P
	2841	+></P
	2842	+><DIV
	2843	+CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
	2844	+><DL
	2845	+><DT
	2846	+><CODE
	2847	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2848	+>ipv6-global</CODE
	2849	+></DT
	2850	+><DD
	2851	+><P
	2852	+>Request IPv6 global-scope addresses.</P
	2853	+></DD
	2854	+></DL
	2855	+></DIV
	2856	+>
	2857	+ <P
	2858	+></P
	2859	+><DIV
	2860	+CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
	2861	+><DL
	2862	+><DT
	2863	+><CODE
	2864	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2865	+>ipv6-sitelocal</CODE
	2866	+></DT
	2867	+><DD
	2868	+><P
	2869	+>Request IPv6 site-local addresses.</P
	2870	+></DD
	2871	+></DL
	2872	+></DIV
	2873	+>
	2874	+ <P
	2875	+></P
	2876	+><DIV
	2877	+CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
	2878	+><DL
	2879	+><DT
	2880	+><CODE
	2881	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2882	+>ipv6-linklocal</CODE
	2883	+></DT
	2884	+><DD
	2885	+><P
	2886	+>Request IPv6 link-local addresses.</P
	2887	+></DD
	2888	+></DL
	2889	+></DIV
	2890	+>
	2891	+ <P
	2892	+></P
	2893	+><DIV
	2894	+CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
	2895	+><DL
	2896	+><DT
	2897	+><CODE
	2898	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2899	+>ipv6-all</CODE
	2900	+></DT
	2901	+><DD
	2902	+><P
	2903	+>Request IPv6 addresses on other interfaces.</P
	2904	+></DD
	2905	+></DL
	2906	+></DIV
	2907	+>
	2908	+ </P
	2909	+></DD
	2910	+></DL
	2911	+></DIV
	2912	+>
	2913	+ <P
	2914	+></P
	2915	+><DIV
	2916	+CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
	2917	+><DL
	2918	+><DT
	2919	+><CODE
	2920	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2921	+>ipv4</CODE
	2922	+></DT
	2923	+><DD
	2924	+><P
	2925	+>Queries for IPv4 Addresses. There is one IPv4 specific flag.
	2926	+ <P
	2927	+></P
	2928	+><DIV
	2929	+CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
	2930	+><DL
	2931	+><DT
	2932	+><CODE
	2933	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2934	+>ipv4-all</CODE
	2935	+></DT
	2936	+><DD
	2937	+><P
	2938	+>Request IPv4 addresses on other interfaces.</P
	2939	+></DD
	2940	+></DL
	2941	+></DIV
	2942	+>
	2943	+ </P
	2944	+></DD
	2945	+></DL
	2946	+></DIV
	2947	+>
	2948	+ <P
	2949	+></P
	2950	+><DIV
	2951	+CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
	2952	+><DL
	2953	+><DT
	2954	+><CODE
	2955	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2956	+>subject-ipv6=<TT
	2957	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2958	+><I
	2959	+>ipv6addr</I
	2960	+></TT
	2961	+></CODE
	2962	+></DT
	2963	+><DD
	2964	+><P
	2965	+>IPv6 subject address.</P
	2966	+></DD
	2967	+></DL
	2968	+></DIV
	2969	+>
	2970	+ <P
	2971	+></P
	2972	+><DIV
	2973	+CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
	2974	+><DL
	2975	+><DT
	2976	+><CODE
	2977	+CLASS="OPTION"
	2978	+>subject-ipv4=<TT
	2979	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	2980	+><I
	2981	+>ipv4addr</I
	2982	+></TT
	2983	+></CODE
	2984	+></DT
	2985	+><DD
	2986	+><P
	2987	+>IPv4 subject address.</P
	2988	+></DD
	2989	+></DL
	2990	+></DIV
	2991	+>
	2992	+ <P
	2993	+></P
	2994	+><DIV
	2995	+CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
	2996	+><DL
	2997	+><DT
	2998	+><CODE
	2999	+CLASS="OPTION"
	3000	+>subject-name=<TT
	3001	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3002	+><I
	3003	+>nodename</I
	3004	+></TT
	3005	+></CODE
	3006	+></DT
	3007	+><DD
	3008	+><P
	3009	+>Subject name. If it contains more than one dot,
	3010	+ fully-qualified domain name is assumed.</P
	3011	+></DD
	3012	+></DL
	3013	+></DIV
	3014	+>
	3015	+ <P
	3016	+></P
	3017	+><DIV
	3018	+CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
	3019	+><DL
	3020	+><DT
	3021	+><CODE
	3022	+CLASS="OPTION"
	3023	+>subject-fqdn=<TT
	3024	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3025	+><I
	3026	+>nodename</I
	3027	+></TT
	3028	+></CODE
	3029	+></DT
	3030	+><DD
	3031	+><P
	3032	+>Subject name. Fully-qualified domain name is
	3033	+ always assumed.</P
	3034	+></DD
	3035	+></DL
	3036	+></DIV
	3037	+>
	3038	+ </P
	3039	+></DD
	3040	+><DT
	3041	+><CODE
	3042	+CLASS="OPTION"
	3043	+>-n</CODE
	3044	+></DT
	3045	+><DD
	3046	+><P
	3047	+>Numeric output only.
	3048	+No attempt will be made to lookup symbolic names for host addresses.
	3049	+ </P
	3050	+></DD
	3051	+><DT
	3052	+><CODE
	3053	+CLASS="OPTION"
	3054	+>-p <TT
	3055	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3056	+><I
	3057	+>pattern</I
	3058	+></TT
	3059	+></CODE
	3060	+></DT
	3061	+><DD
	3062	+><P
	3063	+>You may specify up to 16 ``pad'' bytes to fill out the packet you send.
	3064	+This is useful for diagnosing data-dependent problems in a network.
	3065	+For example, <CODE
	3066	+CLASS="OPTION"
	3067	+>-p ff</CODE
	3068	+> will cause the sent packet
	3069	+to be filled with all ones.
	3070	+ </P
	3071	+></DD
	3072	+><DT
	3073	+><CODE
	3074	+CLASS="OPTION"
	3075	+>-D</CODE
	3076	+></DT
	3077	+><DD
	3078	+><P
	3079	+>Print timestamp (unix time + microseconds as in gettimeofday) before
	3080	+each line.
	3081	+ </P
	3082	+></DD
	3083	+><DT
	3084	+><CODE
	3085	+CLASS="OPTION"
	3086	+>-Q <TT
	3087	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3088	+><I
	3089	+>tos</I
	3090	+></TT
	3091	+></CODE
	3092	+></DT
	3093	+><DD
	3094	+><P
	3095	+>Set Quality of Service -related bits in ICMP datagrams.
	3096	+<TT
	3097	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3098	+><I
	3099	+>tos</I
	3100	+></TT
	3101	+> can be either decimal or hex number.
	3102	+Traditionally (RFC1349), these have been interpreted as: 0 for reserved
	3103	+(currently being redefined as congestion control), 1-4 for Type of Service
	3104	+and 5-7 for Precedence.
	3105	+Possible settings for Type of Service are: minimal cost: 0x02,
	3106	+reliability: 0x04, throughput: 0x08, low delay: 0x10. Multiple TOS bits
	3107	+should not be set simultaneously. Possible settings for
	3108	+special Precedence range from priority (0x20) to net control (0xe0). You
	3109	+must be root (<CODE
	3110	+CLASS="CONSTANT"
	3111	+>CAP_NET_ADMIN</CODE
	3112	+> capability) to use Critical or
	3113	+higher precedence value. You cannot set
	3114	+bit 0x01 (reserved) unless ECN has been enabled in the kernel.
	3115	+In RFC2474, these fields has been redefined as 8-bit Differentiated
	3116	+Services (DS), consisting of: bits 0-1 of separate data (ECN will be used,
	3117	+here), and bits 2-7 of Differentiated Services Codepoint (DSCP).
	3118	+ </P
	3119	+></DD
	3120	+><DT
	3121	+><CODE
	3122	+CLASS="OPTION"
	3123	+>-q</CODE
	3124	+></DT
	3125	+><DD
	3126	+><P
	3127	+>Quiet output.
	3128	+Nothing is displayed except the summary lines at startup time and
	3129	+when finished.
	3130	+ </P
	3131	+></DD
	3132	+><DT
	3133	+><CODE
	3134	+CLASS="OPTION"
	3135	+>-R</CODE
	3136	+></DT
	3137	+><DD
	3138	+><P
	3139	+>Record route.
	3140	+Includes the RECORD_ROUTE option in the ECHO_REQUEST
	3141	+packet and displays the route buffer on returned packets.
	3142	+Note that the IP header is only large enough for nine such routes.
	3143	+Many hosts ignore or discard this option.
	3144	+ </P
	3145	+></DD
	3146	+><DT
	3147	+><CODE
	3148	+CLASS="OPTION"
	3149	+>-r</CODE
	3150	+></DT
	3151	+><DD
	3152	+><P
	3153	+>Bypass the normal routing tables and send directly to a host on an attached
	3154	+interface.
	3155	+If the host is not on a directly-attached network, an error is returned.
	3156	+This option can be used to ping a local host through an interface
	3157	+that has no route through it provided the option <CODE
	3158	+CLASS="OPTION"
	3159	+>-I</CODE
	3160	+> is also
	3161	+used.
	3162	+ </P
	3163	+></DD
	3164	+><DT
	3165	+><CODE
	3166	+CLASS="OPTION"
	3167	+>-s <TT
	3168	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3169	+><I
	3170	+>packetsize</I
	3171	+></TT
	3172	+></CODE
	3173	+></DT
	3174	+><DD
	3175	+><P
	3176	+>Specifies the number of data bytes to be sent.
	3177	+The default is 56, which translates into 64 ICMP
	3178	+data bytes when combined with the 8 bytes of ICMP header data.
	3179	+ </P
	3180	+></DD
	3181	+><DT
	3182	+><CODE
	3183	+CLASS="OPTION"
	3184	+>-S <TT
	3185	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3186	+><I
	3187	+>sndbuf</I
	3188	+></TT
	3189	+></CODE
	3190	+></DT
	3191	+><DD
	3192	+><P
	3193	+>Set socket sndbuf. If not specified, it is selected to buffer
	3194	+not more than one packet.
	3195	+ </P
	3196	+></DD
	3197	+><DT
	3198	+><CODE
	3199	+CLASS="OPTION"
	3200	+>-t <TT
	3201	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3202	+><I
	3203	+>ttl</I
	3204	+></TT
	3205	+></CODE
	3206	+></DT
	3207	+><DD
	3208	+><P
	3209	+>Set the IP Time to Live.
	3210	+ </P
	3211	+></DD
	3212	+><DT
	3213	+><CODE
	3214	+CLASS="OPTION"
	3215	+>-T <TT
	3216	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3217	+><I
	3218	+>timestamp option</I
	3219	+></TT
	3220	+></CODE
	3221	+></DT
	3222	+><DD
	3223	+><P
	3224	+>Set special IP timestamp options.
	3225	+<TT
	3226	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3227	+><I
	3228	+>timestamp option</I
	3229	+></TT
	3230	+> may be either
	3231	+<TT
	3232	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3233	+><I
	3234	+>tsonly</I
	3235	+></TT
	3236	+> (only timestamps),
	3237	+<TT
	3238	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3239	+><I
	3240	+>tsandaddr</I
	3241	+></TT
	3242	+> (timestamps and addresses) or
	3243	+<TT
	3244	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3245	+><I
	3246	+>tsprespec host1 [host2 [host3 [host4]]]</I
	3247	+></TT
	3248	+>
	3249	+(timestamp prespecified hops).
	3250	+ </P
	3251	+></DD
	3252	+><DT
	3253	+><CODE
	3254	+CLASS="OPTION"
	3255	+>-M <TT
	3256	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3257	+><I
	3258	+>hint</I
	3259	+></TT
	3260	+></CODE
	3261	+></DT
	3262	+><DD
	3263	+><P
	3264	+>Select Path MTU Discovery strategy.
	3265	+<TT
	3266	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3267	+><I
	3268	+>hint</I
	3269	+></TT
	3270	+> may be either <TT
	3271	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3272	+><I
	3273	+>do</I
	3274	+></TT
	3275	+>
	3276	+(prohibit fragmentation, even local one),
	3277	+<TT
	3278	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3279	+><I
	3280	+>want</I
	3281	+></TT
	3282	+> (do PMTU discovery, fragment locally when packet size
	3283	+is large), or <TT
	3284	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3285	+><I
	3286	+>dont</I
	3287	+></TT
	3288	+> (do not set DF flag).
	3289	+ </P
	3290	+></DD
	3291	+><DT
	3292	+><CODE
	3293	+CLASS="OPTION"
	3294	+>-U</CODE
	3295	+></DT
	3296	+><DD
	3297	+><P
	3298	+>Print full user-to-user latency (the old behaviour). Normally
	3299	+<B
	3300	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	3301	+>ping</B
	3302	+>
	3303	+prints network round trip time, which can be different
	3304	+f.e. due to DNS failures.
	3305	+ </P
	3306	+></DD
	3307	+><DT
	3308	+><CODE
	3309	+CLASS="OPTION"
	3310	+>-v</CODE
	3311	+></DT
	3312	+><DD
	3313	+><P
	3314	+>Verbose output.
	3315	+ </P
	3316	+></DD
	3317	+><DT
	3318	+><CODE
	3319	+CLASS="OPTION"
	3320	+>-V</CODE
	3321	+></DT
	3322	+><DD
	3323	+><P
	3324	+>Show version and exit.
	3325	+ </P
	3326	+></DD
	3327	+><DT
	3328	+><CODE
	3329	+CLASS="OPTION"
	3330	+><A
	3331	+NAME="PING.DEADLINE"
	3332	+></A
	3333	+>-w <TT
	3334	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3335	+><I
	3336	+>deadline</I
	3337	+></TT
	3338	+></CODE
	3339	+></DT
	3340	+><DD
	3341	+><P
	3342	+>Specify a timeout, in seconds, before
	3343	+<B
	3344	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	3345	+>ping</B
	3346	+>
	3347	+exits regardless of how many
	3348	+packets have been sent or received. In this case
	3349	+<B
	3350	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	3351	+>ping</B
	3352	+>
	3353	+does not stop after
	3354	+<A
	3355	+HREF="r3.html#PING.COUNT"
	3356	+><TT
	3357	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3358	+><I
	3359	+>count</I
	3360	+></TT
	3361	+></A
	3362	+>
	3363	+packet are sent, it waits either for
	3364	+<A
	3365	+HREF="r3.html#PING.DEADLINE"
	3366	+><TT
	3367	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3368	+><I
	3369	+>deadline</I
	3370	+></TT
	3371	+></A
	3372	+>
	3373	+expire or until
	3374	+<A
	3375	+HREF="r3.html#PING.COUNT"
	3376	+><TT
	3377	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3378	+><I
	3379	+>count</I
	3380	+></TT
	3381	+></A
	3382	+>
	3383	+probes are answered or for some error notification from network.
	3384	+ </P
	3385	+></DD
	3386	+><DT
	3387	+><CODE
	3388	+CLASS="OPTION"
	3389	+>-W <TT
	3390	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3391	+><I
	3392	+>timeout</I
	3393	+></TT
	3394	+></CODE
	3395	+></DT
	3396	+><DD
	3397	+><P
	3398	+>Time to wait for a response, in seconds. The option affects only timeout
	3399	+in absense of any responses, otherwise <B
	3400	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	3401	+>ping</B
	3402	+> waits for two RTTs.
	3403	+ </P
	3404	+></DD
	3405	+></DL
	3406	+></DIV
	3407	+><P
	3408	+>When using <B
	3409	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	3410	+>ping</B
	3411	+> for fault isolation, it should first be run
	3412	+on the local host, to verify that the local network interface is up
	3413	+and running. Then, hosts and gateways further and further away should be
	3414	+``pinged''. Round-trip times and packet loss statistics are computed.
	3415	+If duplicate packets are received, they are not included in the packet
	3416	+loss calculation, although the round trip time of these packets is used
	3417	+in calculating the minimum/average/maximum round-trip time numbers.
	3418	+When the specified number of packets have been sent (and received) or
	3419	+if the program is terminated with a
	3420	+<CODE
	3421	+CLASS="CONSTANT"
	3422	+>SIGINT</CODE
	3423	+>, a brief summary is displayed. Shorter current statistics
	3424	+can be obtained without termination of process with signal
	3425	+<CODE
	3426	+CLASS="CONSTANT"
	3427	+>SIGQUIT</CODE
	3428	+>.</P
	3429	+><P
	3430	+>If <B
	3431	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	3432	+>ping</B
	3433	+> does not receive any reply packets at all it will
	3434	+exit with code 1. If a packet
	3435	+<A
	3436	+HREF="r3.html#PING.COUNT"
	3437	+><TT
	3438	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3439	+><I
	3440	+>count</I
	3441	+></TT
	3442	+></A
	3443	+>
	3444	+and
	3445	+<A
	3446	+HREF="r3.html#PING.DEADLINE"
	3447	+><TT
	3448	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3449	+><I
	3450	+>deadline</I
	3451	+></TT
	3452	+></A
	3453	+>
	3454	+are both specified, and fewer than
	3455	+<A
	3456	+HREF="r3.html#PING.COUNT"
	3457	+><TT
	3458	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3459	+><I
	3460	+>count</I
	3461	+></TT
	3462	+></A
	3463	+>
	3464	+packets are received by the time the
	3465	+<A
	3466	+HREF="r3.html#PING.DEADLINE"
	3467	+><TT
	3468	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3469	+><I
	3470	+>deadline</I
	3471	+></TT
	3472	+></A
	3473	+>
	3474	+has arrived, it will also exit with code 1.
	3475	+On other error it exits with code 2. Otherwise it exits with code 0. This
	3476	+makes it possible to use the exit code to see if a host is alive or
	3477	+not.</P
	3478	+><P
	3479	+>This program is intended for use in network testing, measurement and
	3480	+management.
	3481	+Because of the load it can impose on the network, it is unwise to use
	3482	+<B
	3483	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	3484	+>ping</B
	3485	+> during normal operations or from automated scripts.</P
	3486	+></DIV
	3487	+><DIV
	3488	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	3489	+><A
	3490	+NAME="AEN362"
	3491	+></A
	3492	+><H2
	3493	+>ICMP PACKET DETAILS</H2
	3494	+><P
	3495	+>An IP header without options is 20 bytes.
	3496	+An ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packet contains an additional 8 bytes worth
	3497	+of ICMP header followed by an arbitrary amount of data.
	3498	+When a <TT
	3499	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3500	+><I
	3501	+>packetsize</I
	3502	+></TT
	3503	+> is given, this indicated the size of this
	3504	+extra piece of data (the default is 56). Thus the amount of data received
	3505	+inside of an IP packet of type ICMP ECHO_REPLY will always be 8 bytes
	3506	+more than the requested data space (the ICMP header).</P
	3507	+><P
	3508	+>If the data space is at least of size of <CODE
	3509	+CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
	3510	+>struct timeval</CODE
	3511	+>
	3512	+<B
	3513	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	3514	+>ping</B
	3515	+> uses the beginning bytes of this space to include
	3516	+a timestamp which it uses in the computation of round trip times.
	3517	+If the data space is shorter, no round trip times are given.</P
	3518	+></DIV
	3519	+><DIV
	3520	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	3521	+><A
	3522	+NAME="AEN369"
	3523	+></A
	3524	+><H2
	3525	+>DUPLICATE AND DAMAGED PACKETS</H2
	3526	+><P
	3527	+><B
	3528	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	3529	+>ping</B
	3530	+> will report duplicate and damaged packets.
	3531	+Duplicate packets should never occur, and seem to be caused by
	3532	+inappropriate link-level retransmissions.
	3533	+Duplicates may occur in many situations and are rarely (if ever) a
	3534	+good sign, although the presence of low levels of duplicates may not
	3535	+always be cause for alarm.</P
	3536	+><P
	3537	+>Damaged packets are obviously serious cause for alarm and often
	3538	+indicate broken hardware somewhere in the
	3539	+<B
	3540	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	3541	+>ping</B
	3542	+> packet's path (in the network or in the hosts).</P
	3543	+></DIV
	3544	+><DIV
	3545	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	3546	+><A
	3547	+NAME="AEN375"
	3548	+></A
	3549	+><H2
	3550	+>TRYING DIFFERENT DATA PATTERNS</H2
	3551	+><P
	3552	+>The (inter)network layer should never treat packets differently depending
	3553	+on the data contained in the data portion.
	3554	+Unfortunately, data-dependent problems have been known to sneak into
	3555	+networks and remain undetected for long periods of time.
	3556	+In many cases the particular pattern that will have problems is something
	3557	+that doesn't have sufficient ``transitions'', such as all ones or all
	3558	+zeros, or a pattern right at the edge, such as almost all zeros.
	3559	+It isn't necessarily enough to specify a data pattern of all zeros (for
	3560	+example) on the command line because the pattern that is of interest is
	3561	+at the data link level, and the relationship between what you type and
	3562	+what the controllers transmit can be complicated.</P
	3563	+><P
	3564	+>This means that if you have a data-dependent problem you will probably
	3565	+have to do a lot of testing to find it.
	3566	+If you are lucky, you may manage to find a file that either can't be sent
	3567	+across your network or that takes much longer to transfer than other
	3568	+similar length files.
	3569	+You can then examine this file for repeated patterns that you can test
	3570	+using the <CODE
	3571	+CLASS="OPTION"
	3572	+>-p</CODE
	3573	+> option of <B
	3574	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	3575	+>ping</B
	3576	+>.</P
	3577	+></DIV
	3578	+><DIV
	3579	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	3580	+><A
	3581	+NAME="AEN381"
	3582	+></A
	3583	+><H2
	3584	+>TTL DETAILS</H2
	3585	+><P
	3586	+>The TTL value of an IP packet represents the maximum number of IP routers
	3587	+that the packet can go through before being thrown away.
	3588	+In current practice you can expect each router in the Internet to decrement
	3589	+the TTL field by exactly one.</P
	3590	+><P
	3591	+>The TCP/IP specification states that the TTL field for TCP
	3592	+packets should be set to 60, but many systems use smaller values
	3593	+(4.3 BSD uses 30, 4.2 used 15).</P
	3594	+><P
	3595	+>The maximum possible value of this field is 255, and most Unix systems set
	3596	+the TTL field of ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to 255.
	3597	+This is why you will find you can ``ping'' some hosts, but not reach them
	3598	+with
	3599	+<SPAN
	3600	+CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
	3601	+><SPAN
	3602	+CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
	3603	+>telnet</SPAN
	3604	+>(1)</SPAN
	3605	+>
	3606	+or
	3607	+<SPAN
	3608	+CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
	3609	+><SPAN
	3610	+CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
	3611	+>ftp</SPAN
	3612	+>(1)</SPAN
	3613	+>.</P
	3614	+><P
	3615	+>In normal operation ping prints the ttl value from the packet it receives.
	3616	+When a remote system receives a ping packet, it can do one of three things
	3617	+with the TTL field in its response:</P
	3618	+><P
	3619	+></P
	3620	+><UL
	3621	+><LI
	3622	+><P
	3623	+>Not change it; this is what Berkeley Unix systems did before the
	3624	+4.3BSD Tahoe release. In this case the TTL value in the received packet
	3625	+will be 255 minus the number of routers in the round-trip path.
	3626	+ </P
	3627	+></LI
	3628	+><LI
	3629	+><P
	3630	+>Set it to 255; this is what current Berkeley Unix systems do.
	3631	+In this case the TTL value in the received packet will be 255 minus the
	3632	+number of routers in the path <SPAN
	3633	+CLASS="emphasis"
	3634	+><I
	3635	+CLASS="EMPHASIS"
	3636	+>from</I
	3637	+></SPAN
	3638	+>
	3639	+the remote system <SPAN
	3640	+CLASS="emphasis"
	3641	+><I
	3642	+CLASS="EMPHASIS"
	3643	+>to</I
	3644	+></SPAN
	3645	+> the <B
	3646	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	3647	+>ping</B
	3648	+>ing host.
	3649	+ </P
	3650	+></LI
	3651	+><LI
	3652	+><P
	3653	+>Set it to some other value. Some machines use the same value for
	3654	+ICMP packets that they use for TCP packets, for example either 30 or 60.
	3655	+Others may use completely wild values.
	3656	+ </P
	3657	+></LI
	3658	+></UL
	3659	+></DIV
	3660	+><DIV
	3661	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	3662	+><A
	3663	+NAME="AEN403"
	3664	+></A
	3665	+><H2
	3666	+>BUGS</H2
	3667	+><P
	3668	+></P
	3669	+><UL
	3670	+><LI
	3671	+><P
	3672	+>Many Hosts and Gateways ignore the RECORD_ROUTE option.
	3673	+ </P
	3674	+></LI
	3675	+><LI
	3676	+><P
	3677	+>The maximum IP header length is too small for options like
	3678	+RECORD_ROUTE to be completely useful.
	3679	+There's not much that that can be done about this, however.
	3680	+ </P
	3681	+></LI
	3682	+><LI
	3683	+><P
	3684	+>Flood pinging is not recommended in general, and flood pinging the
	3685	+broadcast address should only be done under very controlled conditions.
	3686	+ </P
	3687	+></LI
	3688	+></UL
	3689	+></DIV
	3690	+><DIV
	3691	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	3692	+><A
	3693	+NAME="AEN412"
	3694	+></A
	3695	+><H2
	3696	+>SEE ALSO</H2
	3697	+><P
	3698	+><SPAN
	3699	+CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
	3700	+><SPAN
	3701	+CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
	3702	+>netstat</SPAN
	3703	+>(1)</SPAN
	3704	+>,
	3705	+<SPAN
	3706	+CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
	3707	+><SPAN
	3708	+CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
	3709	+>ifconfig</SPAN
	3710	+>(8)</SPAN
	3711	+>.</P
	3712	+></DIV
	3713	+><DIV
	3714	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	3715	+><A
	3716	+NAME="AEN421"
	3717	+></A
	3718	+><H2
	3719	+>HISTORY</H2
	3720	+><P
	3721	+>The <B
	3722	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	3723	+>ping</B
	3724	+> command appeared in 4.3BSD.</P
	3725	+><P
	3726	+>The version described here is its descendant specific to Linux.</P
	3727	+></DIV
	3728	+><DIV
	3729	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	3730	+><A
	3731	+NAME="AEN426"
	3732	+></A
	3733	+><H2
	3734	+>SECURITY</H2
	3735	+><P
	3736	+><B
	3737	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	3738	+>ping</B
	3739	+> requires <CODE
	3740	+CLASS="CONSTANT"
	3741	+>CAP_NET_RAWIO</CODE
	3742	+> capability
	3743	+to be executed. It may be used as set-uid root.</P
	3744	+></DIV
	3745	+><DIV
	3746	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	3747	+><A
	3748	+NAME="AEN431"
	3749	+></A
	3750	+><H2
	3751	+>AVAILABILITY</H2
	3752	+><P
	3753	+><B
	3754	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	3755	+>ping</B
	3756	+> is part of <TT
	3757	+CLASS="FILENAME"
	3758	+>iputils</TT
	3759	+> package
	3760	+and the latest versions are available in source form at
	3761	+<A
	3762	+HREF="http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2"
	3763	+TARGET="_top"
	3764	+>http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2</A
	3765	+>.</P
	3766	+></DIV
	3767	+><DIV
	3768	+CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
	3769	+><HR
	3770	+ALIGN="LEFT"
	3771	+WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
	3772	+SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
	3773	+WIDTH="100%"
	3774	+BORDER="0"
	3775	+CELLPADDING="0"
	3776	+CELLSPACING="0"
	3777	+><TR
	3778	+><TD
	3779	+WIDTH="33%"
	3780	+ALIGN="left"
	3781	+VALIGN="top"
	3782	+><A
	3783	+HREF="index.html"
	3784	+ACCESSKEY="P"
	3785	+>Prev</A
	3786	+></TD
	3787	+><TD
	3788	+WIDTH="34%"
	3789	+ALIGN="center"
	3790	+VALIGN="top"
	3791	+><A
	3792	+HREF="index.html"
	3793	+ACCESSKEY="H"
	3794	+>Home</A
	3795	+></TD
	3796	+><TD
	3797	+WIDTH="33%"
	3798	+ALIGN="right"
	3799	+VALIGN="top"
	3800	+><A
	3801	+HREF="r437.html"
	3802	+ACCESSKEY="N"
	3803	+>Next</A
	3804	+></TD
	3805	+></TR
	3806	+><TR
	3807	+><TD
	3808	+WIDTH="33%"
	3809	+ALIGN="left"
	3810	+VALIGN="top"
	3811	+>System Manager's Manual: iputils</TD
	3812	+><TD
	3813	+WIDTH="34%"
	3814	+ALIGN="center"
	3815	+VALIGN="top"
	3816	+> </TD
	3817	+><TD
	3818	+WIDTH="33%"
	3819	+ALIGN="right"
	3820	+VALIGN="top"
	3821	+>arping</TD
	3822	+></TR
	3823	+></TABLE
	3824	+></DIV
	3825	+></BODY
	3826	+></HTML
	3827	+>
	3828	\ No newline at end of file
[ecc1136]	3829	diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r437.html iputils-s20101006/doc/r437.html
	3830	--- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r437.html 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
	3831	+++ iputils-s20101006/doc/r437.html 2011-01-08 20:09:49.571531343 -0500
[8867e46]	3832	@@ -0,0 +1,598 @@
	3833	+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
	3834	+<HTML
	3835	+><HEAD
	3836	+><TITLE
	3837	+>arping</TITLE
	3838	+><META
	3839	+NAME="GENERATOR"
	3840	+CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
	3841	+REL="HOME"
	3842	+TITLE="System Manager's Manual: iputils"
	3843	+HREF="index.html"><LINK
	3844	+REL="PREVIOUS"
	3845	+TITLE="ping"
	3846	+HREF="r3.html"><LINK
	3847	+REL="NEXT"
	3848	+TITLE="clockdiff"
	3849	+HREF="r596.html"></HEAD
	3850	+><BODY
	3851	+CLASS="REFENTRY"
	3852	+BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
	3853	+TEXT="#000000"
	3854	+LINK="#0000FF"
	3855	+VLINK="#840084"
	3856	+ALINK="#0000FF"
	3857	+><DIV
	3858	+CLASS="NAVHEADER"
	3859	+><TABLE
	3860	+SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
	3861	+WIDTH="100%"
	3862	+BORDER="0"
	3863	+CELLPADDING="0"
	3864	+CELLSPACING="0"
	3865	+><TR
	3866	+><TH
	3867	+COLSPAN="3"
	3868	+ALIGN="center"
	3869	+>System Manager's Manual: iputils</TH
	3870	+></TR
	3871	+><TR
	3872	+><TD
	3873	+WIDTH="10%"
	3874	+ALIGN="left"
	3875	+VALIGN="bottom"
	3876	+><A
	3877	+HREF="r3.html"
	3878	+ACCESSKEY="P"
	3879	+>Prev</A
	3880	+></TD
	3881	+><TD
	3882	+WIDTH="80%"
	3883	+ALIGN="center"
	3884	+VALIGN="bottom"
	3885	+></TD
	3886	+><TD
	3887	+WIDTH="10%"
	3888	+ALIGN="right"
	3889	+VALIGN="bottom"
	3890	+><A
	3891	+HREF="r596.html"
	3892	+ACCESSKEY="N"
	3893	+>Next</A
	3894	+></TD
	3895	+></TR
	3896	+></TABLE
	3897	+><HR
	3898	+ALIGN="LEFT"
	3899	+WIDTH="100%"></DIV
	3900	+><H1
	3901	+><A
	3902	+NAME="ARPING"
	3903	+></A
	3904	+>arping</H1
	3905	+><DIV
	3906	+CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
	3907	+><A
	3908	+NAME="AEN442"
	3909	+></A
	3910	+><H2
	3911	+>Name</H2
	3912	+>arping -- send ARP REQUEST to a neighbour host</DIV
	3913	+><DIV
	3914	+CLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
	3915	+><A
	3916	+NAME="AEN445"
	3917	+></A
	3918	+><H2
	3919	+>Synopsis</H2
	3920	+><P
	3921	+><B
	3922	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	3923	+>arping</B
	3924	+> [<CODE
	3925	+CLASS="OPTION"
	3926	+>-AbDfhqUV</CODE
	3927	+>] [-c <TT
	3928	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3929	+><I
	3930	+>count</I
	3931	+></TT
	3932	+>] [-w <TT
	3933	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3934	+><I
	3935	+>deadline</I
	3936	+></TT
	3937	+>] [-s <TT
	3938	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3939	+><I
	3940	+>source</I
	3941	+></TT
	3942	+>] {-I <TT
	3943	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3944	+><I
	3945	+>interface</I
	3946	+></TT
	3947	+>} {<TT
	3948	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3949	+><I
	3950	+>destination</I
	3951	+></TT
	3952	+>}</P
	3953	+></DIV
	3954	+><DIV
	3955	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	3956	+><A
	3957	+NAME="AEN460"
	3958	+></A
	3959	+><H2
	3960	+>DESCRIPTION</H2
	3961	+><P
	3962	+>Ping <TT
	3963	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3964	+><I
	3965	+>destination</I
	3966	+></TT
	3967	+> on device <TT
	3968	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3969	+><I
	3970	+>interface</I
	3971	+></TT
	3972	+> by ARP packets,
	3973	+using source address <TT
	3974	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	3975	+><I
	3976	+>source</I
	3977	+></TT
	3978	+>.</P
	3979	+></DIV
	3980	+><DIV
	3981	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	3982	+><A
	3983	+NAME="AEN466"
	3984	+></A
	3985	+><H2
	3986	+>OPTIONS</H2
	3987	+><P
	3988	+></P
	3989	+><DIV
	3990	+CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
	3991	+><DL
	3992	+><DT
	3993	+><CODE
	3994	+CLASS="OPTION"
	3995	+>-A</CODE
	3996	+></DT
	3997	+><DD
	3998	+><P
	3999	+>The same as <CODE
	4000	+CLASS="OPTION"
	4001	+>-U</CODE
	4002	+>, but ARP REPLY packets used instead
	4003	+of ARP REQUEST.
	4004	+ </P
	4005	+></DD
	4006	+><DT
	4007	+><CODE
	4008	+CLASS="OPTION"
	4009	+>-b</CODE
	4010	+></DT
	4011	+><DD
	4012	+><P
	4013	+>Send only MAC level broadcasts. Normally <B
	4014	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	4015	+>arping</B
	4016	+> starts
	4017	+from sending broadcast, and switch to unicast after reply received.
	4018	+ </P
	4019	+></DD
	4020	+><DT
	4021	+><CODE
	4022	+CLASS="OPTION"
	4023	+><A
	4024	+NAME="ARPING.COUNT"
	4025	+></A
	4026	+>-c <TT
	4027	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	4028	+><I
	4029	+>count</I
	4030	+></TT
	4031	+></CODE
	4032	+></DT
	4033	+><DD
	4034	+><P
	4035	+>Stop after sending <TT
	4036	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	4037	+><I
	4038	+>count</I
	4039	+></TT
	4040	+> ARP REQUEST
	4041	+packets. With
	4042	+<A
	4043	+HREF="r437.html#ARPING.DEADLINE"
	4044	+><TT
	4045	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	4046	+><I
	4047	+>deadline</I
	4048	+></TT
	4049	+></A
	4050	+>
	4051	+option, <B
	4052	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	4053	+>arping</B
	4054	+> waits for
	4055	+<TT
	4056	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	4057	+><I
	4058	+>count</I
	4059	+></TT
	4060	+> ARP REPLY packets, until the timeout expires.
	4061	+ </P
	4062	+></DD
	4063	+><DT
	4064	+><CODE
	4065	+CLASS="OPTION"
	4066	+>-D</CODE
	4067	+></DT
	4068	+><DD
	4069	+><P
	4070	+>Duplicate address detection mode (DAD). See
	4071	+<A
	4072	+HREF="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2131.txt"
	4073	+TARGET="_top"
	4074	+>RFC2131, 4.4.1</A
	4075	+>.
	4076	+Returns 0, if DAD succeeded i.e. no replies are received
	4077	+ </P
	4078	+></DD
	4079	+><DT
	4080	+><CODE
	4081	+CLASS="OPTION"
	4082	+>-f</CODE
	4083	+></DT
	4084	+><DD
	4085	+><P
	4086	+>Finish after the first reply confirming that target is alive.
	4087	+ </P
	4088	+></DD
	4089	+><DT
	4090	+><CODE
	4091	+CLASS="OPTION"
	4092	+><A
	4093	+NAME="OPT.INTERFACE"
	4094	+></A
	4095	+>-I <TT
	4096	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	4097	+><I
	4098	+>interface</I
	4099	+></TT
	4100	+></CODE
	4101	+></DT
	4102	+><DD
	4103	+><P
	4104	+>Name of network device where to send ARP REQUEST packets. This option
	4105	+is required.
	4106	+ </P
	4107	+></DD
	4108	+><DT
	4109	+><CODE
	4110	+CLASS="OPTION"
	4111	+>-h</CODE
	4112	+></DT
	4113	+><DD
	4114	+><P
	4115	+>Print help page and exit.
	4116	+ </P
	4117	+></DD
	4118	+><DT
	4119	+><CODE
	4120	+CLASS="OPTION"
	4121	+>-q</CODE
	4122	+></DT
	4123	+><DD
	4124	+><P
	4125	+>Quiet output. Nothing is displayed.
	4126	+ </P
	4127	+></DD
	4128	+><DT
	4129	+><CODE
	4130	+CLASS="OPTION"
	4131	+><A
	4132	+NAME="OPT.SOURCE"
	4133	+></A
	4134	+>-s <TT
	4135	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	4136	+><I
	4137	+>source</I
	4138	+></TT
	4139	+></CODE
	4140	+></DT
	4141	+><DD
	4142	+><P
	4143	+>IP source address to use in ARP packets.
	4144	+If this option is absent, source address is:
	4145	+ <P
	4146	+></P
	4147	+><UL
	4148	+><LI
	4149	+><P
	4150	+>In DAD mode (with option <CODE
	4151	+CLASS="OPTION"
	4152	+>-D</CODE
	4153	+>) set to 0.0.0.0.
	4154	+ </P
	4155	+></LI
	4156	+><LI
	4157	+><P
	4158	+>In Unsolicited ARP mode (with options <CODE
	4159	+CLASS="OPTION"
	4160	+>-U</CODE
	4161	+> or <CODE
	4162	+CLASS="OPTION"
	4163	+>-A</CODE
	4164	+>)
	4165	+set to <TT
	4166	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	4167	+><I
	4168	+>destination</I
	4169	+></TT
	4170	+>.
	4171	+ </P
	4172	+></LI
	4173	+><LI
	4174	+><P
	4175	+>Otherwise, it is calculated from routing tables.
	4176	+ </P
	4177	+></LI
	4178	+></UL
	4179	+>
	4180	+ </P
	4181	+></DD
	4182	+><DT
	4183	+><CODE
	4184	+CLASS="OPTION"
	4185	+>-U</CODE
	4186	+></DT
	4187	+><DD
	4188	+><P
	4189	+>Unsolicited ARP mode to update neighbours' ARP caches.
	4190	+No replies are expected.
	4191	+ </P
	4192	+></DD
	4193	+><DT
	4194	+><CODE
	4195	+CLASS="OPTION"
	4196	+>-V</CODE
	4197	+></DT
	4198	+><DD
	4199	+><P
	4200	+>Print version of the program and exit.
	4201	+ </P
	4202	+></DD
	4203	+><DT
	4204	+><CODE
	4205	+CLASS="OPTION"
	4206	+><A
	4207	+NAME="ARPING.DEADLINE"
	4208	+></A
	4209	+>-w <TT
	4210	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	4211	+><I
	4212	+>deadline</I
	4213	+></TT
	4214	+></CODE
	4215	+></DT
	4216	+><DD
	4217	+><P
	4218	+>Specify a timeout, in seconds, before
	4219	+<B
	4220	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	4221	+>arping</B
	4222	+>
	4223	+exits regardless of how many
	4224	+packets have been sent or received. In this case
	4225	+<B
	4226	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	4227	+>arping</B
	4228	+>
	4229	+does not stop after
	4230	+<A
	4231	+HREF="r437.html#ARPING.COUNT"
	4232	+><TT
	4233	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	4234	+><I
	4235	+>count</I
	4236	+></TT
	4237	+></A
	4238	+>
	4239	+packet are sent, it waits either for
	4240	+<A
	4241	+HREF="r437.html#ARPING.DEADLINE"
	4242	+><TT
	4243	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	4244	+><I
	4245	+>deadline</I
	4246	+></TT
	4247	+></A
	4248	+>
	4249	+expire or until
	4250	+<A
	4251	+HREF="r437.html#ARPING.COUNT"
	4252	+><TT
	4253	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	4254	+><I
	4255	+>count</I
	4256	+></TT
	4257	+></A
	4258	+>
	4259	+probes are answered.
	4260	+ </P
	4261	+></DD
	4262	+></DL
	4263	+></DIV
	4264	+></DIV
	4265	+><DIV
	4266	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	4267	+><A
	4268	+NAME="AEN564"
	4269	+></A
	4270	+><H2
	4271	+>SEE ALSO</H2
	4272	+><P
	4273	+><A
	4274	+HREF="r3.html"
	4275	+><SPAN
	4276	+CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
	4277	+><SPAN
	4278	+CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
	4279	+>ping</SPAN
	4280	+>(8)</SPAN
	4281	+></A
	4282	+>,
	4283	+<A
	4284	+HREF="r596.html"
	4285	+><SPAN
	4286	+CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
	4287	+><SPAN
	4288	+CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
	4289	+>clockdiff</SPAN
	4290	+>(8)</SPAN
	4291	+></A
	4292	+>,
	4293	+<A
	4294	+HREF="r790.html"
	4295	+><SPAN
	4296	+CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
	4297	+><SPAN
	4298	+CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
	4299	+>tracepath</SPAN
	4300	+>(8)</SPAN
	4301	+></A
	4302	+>.</P
	4303	+></DIV
	4304	+><DIV
	4305	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	4306	+><A
	4307	+NAME="AEN579"
	4308	+></A
	4309	+><H2
	4310	+>AUTHOR</H2
	4311	+><P
	4312	+><B
	4313	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	4314	+>arping</B
	4315	+> was written by
	4316	+<A
	4317	+HREF="mailto:kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru"
	4318	+TARGET="_top"
	4319	+>Alexey Kuznetsov
	4320	+<kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru></A
	4321	+>.
	4322	+It is now maintained by
	4323	+<A
	4324	+HREF="mailto:yoshfuji@skbuff.net"
	4325	+TARGET="_top"
	4326	+>YOSHIFUJI Hideaki
	4327	+<yoshfuji@skbuff.net></A
	4328	+>.</P
	4329	+></DIV
	4330	+><DIV
	4331	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	4332	+><A
	4333	+NAME="AEN585"
	4334	+></A
	4335	+><H2
	4336	+>SECURITY</H2
	4337	+><P
	4338	+><B
	4339	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	4340	+>arping</B
	4341	+> requires <CODE
	4342	+CLASS="CONSTANT"
	4343	+>CAP_NET_RAWIO</CODE
	4344	+> capability
	4345	+to be executed. It is not recommended to be used as set-uid root,
	4346	+because it allows user to modify ARP caches of neighbour hosts.</P
	4347	+></DIV
	4348	+><DIV
	4349	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	4350	+><A
	4351	+NAME="AEN590"
	4352	+></A
	4353	+><H2
	4354	+>AVAILABILITY</H2
	4355	+><P
	4356	+><B
	4357	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	4358	+>arping</B
	4359	+> is part of <TT
	4360	+CLASS="FILENAME"
	4361	+>iputils</TT
	4362	+> package
	4363	+and the latest versions are available in source form at
	4364	+<A
	4365	+HREF="http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2"
	4366	+TARGET="_top"
	4367	+>http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2</A
	4368	+>.</P
	4369	+></DIV
	4370	+><DIV
	4371	+CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
	4372	+><HR
	4373	+ALIGN="LEFT"
	4374	+WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
	4375	+SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
	4376	+WIDTH="100%"
	4377	+BORDER="0"
	4378	+CELLPADDING="0"
	4379	+CELLSPACING="0"
	4380	+><TR
	4381	+><TD
	4382	+WIDTH="33%"
	4383	+ALIGN="left"
	4384	+VALIGN="top"
	4385	+><A
	4386	+HREF="r3.html"
	4387	+ACCESSKEY="P"
	4388	+>Prev</A
	4389	+></TD
	4390	+><TD
	4391	+WIDTH="34%"
	4392	+ALIGN="center"
	4393	+VALIGN="top"
	4394	+><A
	4395	+HREF="index.html"
	4396	+ACCESSKEY="H"
	4397	+>Home</A
	4398	+></TD
	4399	+><TD
	4400	+WIDTH="33%"
	4401	+ALIGN="right"
	4402	+VALIGN="top"
	4403	+><A
	4404	+HREF="r596.html"
	4405	+ACCESSKEY="N"
	4406	+>Next</A
	4407	+></TD
	4408	+></TR
	4409	+><TR
	4410	+><TD
	4411	+WIDTH="33%"
	4412	+ALIGN="left"
	4413	+VALIGN="top"
	4414	+>ping</TD
	4415	+><TD
	4416	+WIDTH="34%"
	4417	+ALIGN="center"
	4418	+VALIGN="top"
	4419	+> </TD
	4420	+><TD
	4421	+WIDTH="33%"
	4422	+ALIGN="right"
	4423	+VALIGN="top"
	4424	+>clockdiff</TD
	4425	+></TR
	4426	+></TABLE
	4427	+></DIV
	4428	+></BODY
	4429	+></HTML
	4430	+>
	4431	\ No newline at end of file
[ecc1136]	4432	diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r596.html iputils-s20101006/doc/r596.html
	4433	--- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r596.html 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
	4434	+++ iputils-s20101006/doc/r596.html 2011-01-08 20:09:49.582999920 -0500
[8867e46]	4435	@@ -0,0 +1,428 @@
	4436	+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
	4437	+<HTML
	4438	+><HEAD
	4439	+><TITLE
	4440	+>clockdiff</TITLE
	4441	+><META
	4442	+NAME="GENERATOR"
	4443	+CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
	4444	+REL="HOME"
	4445	+TITLE="System Manager's Manual: iputils"
	4446	+HREF="index.html"><LINK
	4447	+REL="PREVIOUS"
	4448	+TITLE="arping"
	4449	+HREF="r437.html"><LINK
	4450	+REL="NEXT"
	4451	+TITLE="rarpd"
	4452	+HREF="r691.html"></HEAD
	4453	+><BODY
	4454	+CLASS="REFENTRY"
	4455	+BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
	4456	+TEXT="#000000"
	4457	+LINK="#0000FF"
	4458	+VLINK="#840084"
	4459	+ALINK="#0000FF"
	4460	+><DIV
	4461	+CLASS="NAVHEADER"
	4462	+><TABLE
	4463	+SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
	4464	+WIDTH="100%"
	4465	+BORDER="0"
	4466	+CELLPADDING="0"
	4467	+CELLSPACING="0"
	4468	+><TR
	4469	+><TH
	4470	+COLSPAN="3"
	4471	+ALIGN="center"
	4472	+>System Manager's Manual: iputils</TH
	4473	+></TR
	4474	+><TR
	4475	+><TD
	4476	+WIDTH="10%"
	4477	+ALIGN="left"
	4478	+VALIGN="bottom"
	4479	+><A
	4480	+HREF="r437.html"
	4481	+ACCESSKEY="P"
	4482	+>Prev</A
	4483	+></TD
	4484	+><TD
	4485	+WIDTH="80%"
	4486	+ALIGN="center"
	4487	+VALIGN="bottom"
	4488	+></TD
	4489	+><TD
	4490	+WIDTH="10%"
	4491	+ALIGN="right"
	4492	+VALIGN="bottom"
	4493	+><A
	4494	+HREF="r691.html"
	4495	+ACCESSKEY="N"
	4496	+>Next</A
	4497	+></TD
	4498	+></TR
	4499	+></TABLE
	4500	+><HR
	4501	+ALIGN="LEFT"
	4502	+WIDTH="100%"></DIV
	4503	+><H1
	4504	+><A
	4505	+NAME="CLOCKDIFF"
	4506	+></A
	4507	+>clockdiff</H1
	4508	+><DIV
	4509	+CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
	4510	+><A
	4511	+NAME="AEN601"
	4512	+></A
	4513	+><H2
	4514	+>Name</H2
	4515	+>clockdiff -- measure clock difference between hosts</DIV
	4516	+><DIV
	4517	+CLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
	4518	+><A
	4519	+NAME="AEN604"
	4520	+></A
	4521	+><H2
	4522	+>Synopsis</H2
	4523	+><P
	4524	+><B
	4525	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	4526	+>clockdiff</B
	4527	+> [<CODE
	4528	+CLASS="OPTION"
	4529	+>-o</CODE
	4530	+>] [<CODE
	4531	+CLASS="OPTION"
	4532	+>-o1</CODE
	4533	+>] {<TT
	4534	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	4535	+><I
	4536	+>destination</I
	4537	+></TT
	4538	+>}</P
	4539	+></DIV
	4540	+><DIV
	4541	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	4542	+><A
	4543	+NAME="AEN613"
	4544	+></A
	4545	+><H2
	4546	+>DESCRIPTION</H2
	4547	+><P
	4548	+><B
	4549	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	4550	+>clockdiff</B
	4551	+> Measures clock difference between us and
	4552	+<TT
	4553	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	4554	+><I
	4555	+>destination</I
	4556	+></TT
	4557	+> with 1 msec resolution using ICMP TIMESTAMP
	4558	+<A
	4559	+HREF="r596.html#CLOCKDIFF.ICMP-TIMESTAMP"
	4560	+>[2]</A
	4561	+>
	4562	+packets or, optionally, IP TIMESTAMP option
	4563	+<A
	4564	+HREF="r596.html#CLOCKDIFF.IP-TIMESTAMP"
	4565	+>[3]</A
	4566	+>
	4567	+option added to ICMP ECHO.
	4568	+<A
	4569	+HREF="r596.html#CLOCKDIFF.ICMP-ECHO"
	4570	+>[1]</A
	4571	+></P
	4572	+></DIV
	4573	+><DIV
	4574	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	4575	+><A
	4576	+NAME="AEN621"
	4577	+></A
	4578	+><H2
	4579	+>OPTIONS</H2
	4580	+><P
	4581	+></P
	4582	+><DIV
	4583	+CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
	4584	+><DL
	4585	+><DT
	4586	+><CODE
	4587	+CLASS="OPTION"
	4588	+>-o</CODE
	4589	+></DT
	4590	+><DD
	4591	+><P
	4592	+>Use IP TIMESTAMP with ICMP ECHO instead of ICMP TIMESTAMP
	4593	+messages. It is useful with some destinations, which do not support
	4594	+ICMP TIMESTAMP (f.e. Solaris <2.4).
	4595	+ </P
	4596	+></DD
	4597	+><DT
	4598	+><CODE
	4599	+CLASS="OPTION"
	4600	+>-o1</CODE
	4601	+></DT
	4602	+><DD
	4603	+><P
	4604	+>Slightly different form of <CODE
	4605	+CLASS="OPTION"
	4606	+>-o</CODE
	4607	+>, namely it uses three-term
	4608	+IP TIMESTAMP with prespecified hop addresses instead of four term one.
	4609	+What flavor works better depends on target host. Particularly,
	4610	+<CODE
	4611	+CLASS="OPTION"
	4612	+>-o</CODE
	4613	+> is better for Linux.
	4614	+ </P
	4615	+></DD
	4616	+></DL
	4617	+></DIV
	4618	+></DIV
	4619	+><DIV
	4620	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	4621	+><A
	4622	+NAME="AEN636"
	4623	+></A
	4624	+><H2
	4625	+>WARNINGS</H2
	4626	+><P
	4627	+></P
	4628	+><UL
	4629	+><LI
	4630	+><P
	4631	+>Some nodes (Cisco) use non-standard timestamps, which is allowed
	4632	+by RFC, but makes timestamps mostly useless.
	4633	+ </P
	4634	+></LI
	4635	+><LI
	4636	+><P
	4637	+>Some nodes generate messed timestamps (Solaris>2.4), when
	4638	+run <B
	4639	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	4640	+>xntpd</B
	4641	+>. Seems, its IP stack uses a corrupted clock source,
	4642	+which is synchronized to time-of-day clock periodically and jumps
	4643	+randomly making timestamps mostly useless. Good news is that you can
	4644	+use NTP in this case, which is even better.
	4645	+ </P
	4646	+></LI
	4647	+><LI
	4648	+><P
	4649	+><B
	4650	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	4651	+>clockdiff</B
	4652	+> shows difference in time modulo 24 days.
	4653	+ </P
	4654	+></LI
	4655	+></UL
	4656	+></DIV
	4657	+><DIV
	4658	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	4659	+><A
	4660	+NAME="AEN647"
	4661	+></A
	4662	+><H2
	4663	+>SEE ALSO</H2
	4664	+><P
	4665	+><A
	4666	+HREF="r3.html"
	4667	+><SPAN
	4668	+CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
	4669	+><SPAN
	4670	+CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
	4671	+>ping</SPAN
	4672	+>(8)</SPAN
	4673	+></A
	4674	+>,
	4675	+<A
	4676	+HREF="r437.html"
	4677	+><SPAN
	4678	+CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
	4679	+><SPAN
	4680	+CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
	4681	+>arping</SPAN
	4682	+>(8)</SPAN
	4683	+></A
	4684	+>,
	4685	+<A
	4686	+HREF="r790.html"
	4687	+><SPAN
	4688	+CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
	4689	+><SPAN
	4690	+CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
	4691	+>tracepath</SPAN
	4692	+>(8)</SPAN
	4693	+></A
	4694	+>.</P
	4695	+></DIV
	4696	+><DIV
	4697	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	4698	+><A
	4699	+NAME="AEN662"
	4700	+></A
	4701	+><H2
	4702	+>REFERENCES</H2
	4703	+><P
	4704	+>[1] <A
	4705	+NAME="CLOCKDIFF.ICMP-ECHO"
	4706	+></A
	4707	+>ICMP ECHO,
	4708	+<A
	4709	+HREF="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc792.txt"
	4710	+TARGET="_top"
	4711	+>RFC0792, page 14</A
	4712	+>.</P
	4713	+><P
	4714	+>[2] <A
	4715	+NAME="CLOCKDIFF.ICMP-TIMESTAMP"
	4716	+></A
	4717	+>ICMP TIMESTAMP,
	4718	+<A
	4719	+HREF="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc792.txt"
	4720	+TARGET="_top"
	4721	+>RFC0792, page 16</A
	4722	+>.</P
	4723	+><P
	4724	+>[3] <A
	4725	+NAME="CLOCKDIFF.IP-TIMESTAMP"
	4726	+></A
	4727	+>IP TIMESTAMP option,
	4728	+<A
	4729	+HREF="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc791.txt"
	4730	+TARGET="_top"
	4731	+>RFC0791, 3.1, page 16</A
	4732	+>.</P
	4733	+></DIV
	4734	+><DIV
	4735	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	4736	+><A
	4737	+NAME="AEN673"
	4738	+></A
	4739	+><H2
	4740	+>AUTHOR</H2
	4741	+><P
	4742	+><B
	4743	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	4744	+>clockdiff</B
	4745	+> was compiled by
	4746	+<A
	4747	+HREF="mailto:kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru"
	4748	+TARGET="_top"
	4749	+>Alexey Kuznetsov
	4750	+<kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru></A
	4751	+>. It was based on code borrowed
	4752	+from BSD <B
	4753	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	4754	+>timed</B
	4755	+> daemon.
	4756	+It is now maintained by
	4757	+<A
	4758	+HREF="mailto:yoshfuji@skbuff.net"
	4759	+TARGET="_top"
	4760	+>YOSHIFUJI Hideaki
	4761	+<yoshfuji@skbuff.net></A
	4762	+>.</P
	4763	+></DIV
	4764	+><DIV
	4765	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	4766	+><A
	4767	+NAME="AEN680"
	4768	+></A
	4769	+><H2
	4770	+>SECURITY</H2
	4771	+><P
	4772	+><B
	4773	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	4774	+>clockdiff</B
	4775	+> requires <CODE
	4776	+CLASS="CONSTANT"
	4777	+>CAP_NET_RAWIO</CODE
	4778	+> capability
	4779	+to be executed. It is safe to be used as set-uid root.</P
	4780	+></DIV
	4781	+><DIV
	4782	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	4783	+><A
	4784	+NAME="AEN685"
	4785	+></A
	4786	+><H2
	4787	+>AVAILABILITY</H2
	4788	+><P
	4789	+><B
	4790	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	4791	+>clockdiff</B
	4792	+> is part of <TT
	4793	+CLASS="FILENAME"
	4794	+>iputils</TT
	4795	+> package
	4796	+and the latest versions are available in source form at
	4797	+<A
	4798	+HREF="http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2"
	4799	+TARGET="_top"
	4800	+>http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2</A
	4801	+>.</P
	4802	+></DIV
	4803	+><DIV
	4804	+CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
	4805	+><HR
	4806	+ALIGN="LEFT"
	4807	+WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
	4808	+SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
	4809	+WIDTH="100%"
	4810	+BORDER="0"
	4811	+CELLPADDING="0"
	4812	+CELLSPACING="0"
	4813	+><TR
	4814	+><TD
	4815	+WIDTH="33%"
	4816	+ALIGN="left"
	4817	+VALIGN="top"
	4818	+><A
	4819	+HREF="r437.html"
	4820	+ACCESSKEY="P"
	4821	+>Prev</A
	4822	+></TD
	4823	+><TD
	4824	+WIDTH="34%"
	4825	+ALIGN="center"
	4826	+VALIGN="top"
	4827	+><A
	4828	+HREF="index.html"
	4829	+ACCESSKEY="H"
	4830	+>Home</A
	4831	+></TD
	4832	+><TD
	4833	+WIDTH="33%"
	4834	+ALIGN="right"
	4835	+VALIGN="top"
	4836	+><A
	4837	+HREF="r691.html"
	4838	+ACCESSKEY="N"
	4839	+>Next</A
	4840	+></TD
	4841	+></TR
	4842	+><TR
	4843	+><TD
	4844	+WIDTH="33%"
	4845	+ALIGN="left"
	4846	+VALIGN="top"
	4847	+>arping</TD
	4848	+><TD
	4849	+WIDTH="34%"
	4850	+ALIGN="center"
	4851	+VALIGN="top"
	4852	+> </TD
	4853	+><TD
	4854	+WIDTH="33%"
	4855	+ALIGN="right"
	4856	+VALIGN="top"
	4857	+>rarpd</TD
	4858	+></TR
	4859	+></TABLE
	4860	+></DIV
	4861	+></BODY
	4862	+></HTML
	4863	+>
	4864	\ No newline at end of file
[ecc1136]	4865	diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r691.html iputils-s20101006/doc/r691.html
	4866	--- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r691.html 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
	4867	+++ iputils-s20101006/doc/r691.html 2011-01-08 20:09:49.590918871 -0500
[8867e46]	4868	@@ -0,0 +1,431 @@
	4869	+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
	4870	+<HTML
	4871	+><HEAD
	4872	+><TITLE
	4873	+>rarpd</TITLE
	4874	+><META
	4875	+NAME="GENERATOR"
	4876	+CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
	4877	+REL="HOME"
	4878	+TITLE="System Manager's Manual: iputils"
	4879	+HREF="index.html"><LINK
	4880	+REL="PREVIOUS"
	4881	+TITLE="clockdiff"
	4882	+HREF="r596.html"><LINK
	4883	+REL="NEXT"
	4884	+TITLE="tracepath"
	4885	+HREF="r790.html"></HEAD
	4886	+><BODY
	4887	+CLASS="REFENTRY"
	4888	+BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
	4889	+TEXT="#000000"
	4890	+LINK="#0000FF"
	4891	+VLINK="#840084"
	4892	+ALINK="#0000FF"
	4893	+><DIV
	4894	+CLASS="NAVHEADER"
	4895	+><TABLE
	4896	+SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
	4897	+WIDTH="100%"
	4898	+BORDER="0"
	4899	+CELLPADDING="0"
	4900	+CELLSPACING="0"
	4901	+><TR
	4902	+><TH
	4903	+COLSPAN="3"
	4904	+ALIGN="center"
	4905	+>System Manager's Manual: iputils</TH
	4906	+></TR
	4907	+><TR
	4908	+><TD
	4909	+WIDTH="10%"
	4910	+ALIGN="left"
	4911	+VALIGN="bottom"
	4912	+><A
	4913	+HREF="r596.html"
	4914	+ACCESSKEY="P"
	4915	+>Prev</A
	4916	+></TD
	4917	+><TD
	4918	+WIDTH="80%"
	4919	+ALIGN="center"
	4920	+VALIGN="bottom"
	4921	+></TD
	4922	+><TD
	4923	+WIDTH="10%"
	4924	+ALIGN="right"
	4925	+VALIGN="bottom"
	4926	+><A
	4927	+HREF="r790.html"
	4928	+ACCESSKEY="N"
	4929	+>Next</A
	4930	+></TD
	4931	+></TR
	4932	+></TABLE
	4933	+><HR
	4934	+ALIGN="LEFT"
	4935	+WIDTH="100%"></DIV
	4936	+><H1
	4937	+><A
	4938	+NAME="RARPD"
	4939	+></A
	4940	+>rarpd</H1
	4941	+><DIV
	4942	+CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
	4943	+><A
	4944	+NAME="AEN696"
	4945	+></A
	4946	+><H2
	4947	+>Name</H2
	4948	+>rarpd -- answer RARP REQUESTs</DIV
	4949	+><DIV
	4950	+CLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
	4951	+><A
	4952	+NAME="AEN699"
	4953	+></A
	4954	+><H2
	4955	+>Synopsis</H2
	4956	+><P
	4957	+><B
	4958	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	4959	+>arping</B
	4960	+> [<CODE
	4961	+CLASS="OPTION"
	4962	+>-aAvde</CODE
	4963	+>] [-b <TT
	4964	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	4965	+><I
	4966	+>bootdir</I
	4967	+></TT
	4968	+>] [<TT
	4969	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	4970	+><I
	4971	+>interface</I
	4972	+></TT
	4973	+>]</P
	4974	+></DIV
	4975	+><DIV
	4976	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	4977	+><A
	4978	+NAME="AEN708"
	4979	+></A
	4980	+><H2
	4981	+>DESCRIPTION</H2
	4982	+><P
	4983	+>Listens
	4984	+<A
	4985	+HREF="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc903.txt"
	4986	+TARGET="_top"
	4987	+>RARP</A
	4988	+>
	4989	+requests from clients. Provided MAC address of client
	4990	+is found in <TT
	4991	+CLASS="FILENAME"
	4992	+>/etc/ethers</TT
	4993	+> database and
	4994	+obtained host name is resolvable to an IP address appropriate
	4995	+for attached network, <B
	4996	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	4997	+>rarpd</B
	4998	+> answers to client with RARPD
	4999	+reply carrying an IP address.</P
	5000	+><P
	5001	+>To allow multiple boot servers on the network <B
	5002	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	5003	+>rarpd</B
	5004	+>
	5005	+optionally checks for presence Sun-like bootable image in TFTP directory.
	5006	+It should have form <KBD
	5007	+CLASS="USERINPUT"
	5008	+>Hexadecimal_IP.ARCH</KBD
	5009	+>, f.e. to load
	5010	+sparc 193.233.7.98 <TT
	5011	+CLASS="FILENAME"
	5012	+>C1E90762.SUN4M</TT
	5013	+> is linked to
	5014	+an image appropriate for SUM4M in directory <TT
	5015	+CLASS="FILENAME"
	5016	+>/etc/tftpboot</TT
	5017	+>.</P
	5018	+></DIV
	5019	+><DIV
	5020	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	5021	+><A
	5022	+NAME="AEN719"
	5023	+></A
	5024	+><H2
	5025	+>WARNING</H2
	5026	+><P
	5027	+>This facility is deeply obsoleted by
	5028	+<A
	5029	+HREF="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc951.txt"
	5030	+TARGET="_top"
	5031	+>BOOTP</A
	5032	+>
	5033	+and later
	5034	+<A
	5035	+HREF="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2131.txt"
	5036	+TARGET="_top"
	5037	+>DHCP</A
	5038	+> protocols.
	5039	+However, some clients really still need this to boot.</P
	5040	+></DIV
	5041	+><DIV
	5042	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	5043	+><A
	5044	+NAME="AEN724"
	5045	+></A
	5046	+><H2
	5047	+>OPTIONS</H2
	5048	+><P
	5049	+></P
	5050	+><DIV
	5051	+CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
	5052	+><DL
	5053	+><DT
	5054	+><CODE
	5055	+CLASS="OPTION"
	5056	+>-a</CODE
	5057	+></DT
	5058	+><DD
	5059	+><P
	5060	+>Listen on all the interfaces. Currently it is an internal
	5061	+option, its function is overridden with <TT
	5062	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	5063	+><I
	5064	+>interface</I
	5065	+></TT
	5066	+>
	5067	+argument. It should not be used.
	5068	+ </P
	5069	+></DD
	5070	+><DT
	5071	+><CODE
	5072	+CLASS="OPTION"
	5073	+>-A</CODE
	5074	+></DT
	5075	+><DD
	5076	+><P
	5077	+>Listen not only RARP but also ARP messages, some rare clients
	5078	+use ARP by some unknown reason.
	5079	+ </P
	5080	+></DD
	5081	+><DT
	5082	+><CODE
	5083	+CLASS="OPTION"
	5084	+>-v</CODE
	5085	+></DT
	5086	+><DD
	5087	+><P
	5088	+>Be verbose.
	5089	+ </P
	5090	+></DD
	5091	+><DT
	5092	+><CODE
	5093	+CLASS="OPTION"
	5094	+>-d</CODE
	5095	+></DT
	5096	+><DD
	5097	+><P
	5098	+>Debug mode. Do not go to background.
	5099	+ </P
	5100	+></DD
	5101	+><DT
	5102	+><CODE
	5103	+CLASS="OPTION"
	5104	+>-e</CODE
	5105	+></DT
	5106	+><DD
	5107	+><P
	5108	+>Do not check for presence of a boot image, reply if MAC address
	5109	+resolves to a valid IP address using <TT
	5110	+CLASS="FILENAME"
	5111	+>/etc/ethers</TT
	5112	+>
	5113	+database and DNS.
	5114	+ </P
	5115	+></DD
	5116	+><DT
	5117	+><CODE
	5118	+CLASS="OPTION"
	5119	+>-b <TT
	5120	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	5121	+><I
	5122	+>bootdir</I
	5123	+></TT
	5124	+></CODE
	5125	+></DT
	5126	+><DD
	5127	+><P
	5128	+>TFTP boot directory. Default is <TT
	5129	+CLASS="FILENAME"
	5130	+>/etc/tftpboot</TT
	5131	+>
	5132	+ </P
	5133	+></DD
	5134	+></DL
	5135	+></DIV
	5136	+></DIV
	5137	+><DIV
	5138	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	5139	+><A
	5140	+NAME="AEN761"
	5141	+></A
	5142	+><H2
	5143	+>SEE ALSO</H2
	5144	+><P
	5145	+><A
	5146	+HREF="r437.html"
	5147	+><SPAN
	5148	+CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
	5149	+><SPAN
	5150	+CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
	5151	+>arping</SPAN
	5152	+>(8)</SPAN
	5153	+></A
	5154	+>,
	5155	+<A
	5156	+HREF="r949.html"
	5157	+><SPAN
	5158	+CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
	5159	+><SPAN
	5160	+CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
	5161	+>tftpd</SPAN
	5162	+>(8)</SPAN
	5163	+></A
	5164	+>.</P
	5165	+></DIV
	5166	+><DIV
	5167	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	5168	+><A
	5169	+NAME="AEN772"
	5170	+></A
	5171	+><H2
	5172	+>AUTHOR</H2
	5173	+><P
	5174	+><B
	5175	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	5176	+>rarpd</B
	5177	+> was written by
	5178	+<A
	5179	+HREF="mailto:kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru"
	5180	+TARGET="_top"
	5181	+>Alexey Kuznetsov
	5182	+<kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru></A
	5183	+>.
	5184	+It is now maintained by
	5185	+<A
	5186	+HREF="mailto:yoshfuji@skbuff.net"
	5187	+TARGET="_top"
	5188	+>YOSHIFUJI Hideaki
	5189	+<yoshfuji@skbuff.net></A
	5190	+>.</P
	5191	+></DIV
	5192	+><DIV
	5193	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	5194	+><A
	5195	+NAME="AEN778"
	5196	+></A
	5197	+><H2
	5198	+>SECURITY</H2
	5199	+><P
	5200	+><B
	5201	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	5202	+>rarpd</B
	5203	+> requires <CODE
	5204	+CLASS="CONSTANT"
	5205	+>CAP_NET_RAWIO</CODE
	5206	+> capability
	5207	+to listen and send RARP and ARP packets. It also needs <CODE
	5208	+CLASS="CONSTANT"
	5209	+>CAP_NET_ADMIN</CODE
	5210	+>
	5211	+to give to kernel hint for ARP resolution; this is not strictly required,
	5212	+but some (most of, to be more exact) clients are so badly broken that
	5213	+are not able to answer ARP before they are finally booted. This is
	5214	+not wonderful taking into account that clients using RARPD in 2002
	5215	+are all unsupported relic creatures of 90's and even earlier.</P
	5216	+></DIV
	5217	+><DIV
	5218	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	5219	+><A
	5220	+NAME="AEN784"
	5221	+></A
	5222	+><H2
	5223	+>AVAILABILITY</H2
	5224	+><P
	5225	+><B
	5226	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	5227	+>rarpd</B
	5228	+> is part of <TT
	5229	+CLASS="FILENAME"
	5230	+>iputils</TT
	5231	+> package
	5232	+and the latest versions are available in source form at
	5233	+<A
	5234	+HREF="http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2"
	5235	+TARGET="_top"
	5236	+>http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2</A
	5237	+>.</P
	5238	+></DIV
	5239	+><DIV
	5240	+CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
	5241	+><HR
	5242	+ALIGN="LEFT"
	5243	+WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
	5244	+SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
	5245	+WIDTH="100%"
	5246	+BORDER="0"
	5247	+CELLPADDING="0"
	5248	+CELLSPACING="0"
	5249	+><TR
	5250	+><TD
	5251	+WIDTH="33%"
	5252	+ALIGN="left"
	5253	+VALIGN="top"
	5254	+><A
	5255	+HREF="r596.html"
	5256	+ACCESSKEY="P"
	5257	+>Prev</A
	5258	+></TD
	5259	+><TD
	5260	+WIDTH="34%"
	5261	+ALIGN="center"
	5262	+VALIGN="top"
	5263	+><A
	5264	+HREF="index.html"
	5265	+ACCESSKEY="H"
	5266	+>Home</A
	5267	+></TD
	5268	+><TD
	5269	+WIDTH="33%"
	5270	+ALIGN="right"
	5271	+VALIGN="top"
	5272	+><A
	5273	+HREF="r790.html"
	5274	+ACCESSKEY="N"
	5275	+>Next</A
	5276	+></TD
	5277	+></TR
	5278	+><TR
	5279	+><TD
	5280	+WIDTH="33%"
	5281	+ALIGN="left"
	5282	+VALIGN="top"
	5283	+>clockdiff</TD
	5284	+><TD
	5285	+WIDTH="34%"
	5286	+ALIGN="center"
	5287	+VALIGN="top"
	5288	+> </TD
	5289	+><TD
	5290	+WIDTH="33%"
	5291	+ALIGN="right"
	5292	+VALIGN="top"
	5293	+>tracepath</TD
	5294	+></TR
	5295	+></TABLE
	5296	+></DIV
	5297	+></BODY
	5298	+></HTML
	5299	+>
	5300	\ No newline at end of file
[ecc1136]	5301	diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r790.html iputils-s20101006/doc/r790.html
	5302	--- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r790.html 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
	5303	+++ iputils-s20101006/doc/r790.html 2011-01-08 20:09:49.602668583 -0500
[8867e46]	5304	@@ -0,0 +1,426 @@
	5305	+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
	5306	+<HTML
	5307	+><HEAD
	5308	+><TITLE
	5309	+>tracepath</TITLE
	5310	+><META
	5311	+NAME="GENERATOR"
	5312	+CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
	5313	+REL="HOME"
	5314	+TITLE="System Manager's Manual: iputils"
	5315	+HREF="index.html"><LINK
	5316	+REL="PREVIOUS"
	5317	+TITLE="rarpd"
	5318	+HREF="r691.html"><LINK
	5319	+REL="NEXT"
	5320	+TITLE="traceroute6"
	5321	+HREF="r884.html"></HEAD
	5322	+><BODY
	5323	+CLASS="REFENTRY"
	5324	+BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
	5325	+TEXT="#000000"
	5326	+LINK="#0000FF"
	5327	+VLINK="#840084"
	5328	+ALINK="#0000FF"
	5329	+><DIV
	5330	+CLASS="NAVHEADER"
	5331	+><TABLE
	5332	+SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
	5333	+WIDTH="100%"
	5334	+BORDER="0"
	5335	+CELLPADDING="0"
	5336	+CELLSPACING="0"
	5337	+><TR
	5338	+><TH
	5339	+COLSPAN="3"
	5340	+ALIGN="center"
	5341	+>System Manager's Manual: iputils</TH
	5342	+></TR
	5343	+><TR
	5344	+><TD
	5345	+WIDTH="10%"
	5346	+ALIGN="left"
	5347	+VALIGN="bottom"
	5348	+><A
	5349	+HREF="r691.html"
	5350	+ACCESSKEY="P"
	5351	+>Prev</A
	5352	+></TD
	5353	+><TD
	5354	+WIDTH="80%"
	5355	+ALIGN="center"
	5356	+VALIGN="bottom"
	5357	+></TD
	5358	+><TD
	5359	+WIDTH="10%"
	5360	+ALIGN="right"
	5361	+VALIGN="bottom"
	5362	+><A
	5363	+HREF="r884.html"
	5364	+ACCESSKEY="N"
	5365	+>Next</A
	5366	+></TD
	5367	+></TR
	5368	+></TABLE
	5369	+><HR
	5370	+ALIGN="LEFT"
	5371	+WIDTH="100%"></DIV
	5372	+><H1
	5373	+><A
	5374	+NAME="TRACEPATH"
	5375	+></A
	5376	+>tracepath</H1
	5377	+><DIV
	5378	+CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
	5379	+><A
	5380	+NAME="AEN795"
	5381	+></A
	5382	+><H2
	5383	+>Name</H2
	5384	+>tracepath, tracepath6 -- traces path to a network host discovering MTU along this path</DIV
	5385	+><DIV
	5386	+CLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
	5387	+><A
	5388	+NAME="AEN798"
	5389	+></A
	5390	+><H2
	5391	+>Synopsis</H2
	5392	+><P
	5393	+><B
	5394	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	5395	+>tracepath</B
	5396	+> [-n] [-b] [-l <TT
	5397	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	5398	+><I
	5399	+>pktlen</I
	5400	+></TT
	5401	+>] {<TT
	5402	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	5403	+><I
	5404	+>destination</I
	5405	+></TT
	5406	+>} [<TT
	5407	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	5408	+><I
	5409	+>port</I
	5410	+></TT
	5411	+>]</P
	5412	+></DIV
	5413	+><DIV
	5414	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	5415	+><A
	5416	+NAME="AEN809"
	5417	+></A
	5418	+><H2
	5419	+>DESCRIPTION</H2
	5420	+><P
	5421	+>It traces path to <TT
	5422	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	5423	+><I
	5424	+>destination</I
	5425	+></TT
	5426	+> discovering MTU along this path.
	5427	+It uses UDP port <TT
	5428	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	5429	+><I
	5430	+>port</I
	5431	+></TT
	5432	+> or some random port.
	5433	+It is similar to <B
	5434	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	5435	+>traceroute</B
[ecc1136]	5436	+>, only does not require superuser
[8867e46]	5437	+privileges and has no fancy options.</P
	5438	+><P
	5439	+><B
	5440	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	5441	+>tracepath6</B
	5442	+> is good replacement for <B
	5443	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	5444	+>traceroute6</B
	5445	+>
	5446	+and classic example of application of Linux error queues.
	5447	+The situation with IPv4 is worse, because commercial
	5448	+IP routers do not return enough information in icmp error messages.
	5449	+Probably, it will change, when they will be updated.
	5450	+For now it uses Van Jacobson's trick, sweeping a range
	5451	+of UDP ports to maintain trace history.</P
	5452	+></DIV
	5453	+><DIV
	5454	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	5455	+><A
	5456	+NAME="AEN818"
	5457	+></A
	5458	+><H2
	5459	+>OPTIONS</H2
	5460	+><P
	5461	+></P
	5462	+><DIV
	5463	+CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
	5464	+><DL
	5465	+><DT
	5466	+><CODE
	5467	+CLASS="OPTION"
	5468	+>-n</CODE
	5469	+></DT
	5470	+><DD
	5471	+><P
	5472	+>Print primarily IP addresses numerically.
	5473	+ </P
	5474	+></DD
	5475	+><DT
	5476	+><CODE
	5477	+CLASS="OPTION"
	5478	+>-b</CODE
	5479	+></DT
	5480	+><DD
	5481	+><P
	5482	+>Print both of host names and IP addresses.
	5483	+ </P
	5484	+></DD
	5485	+><DT
	5486	+><CODE
	5487	+CLASS="OPTION"
	5488	+>-l</CODE
	5489	+></DT
	5490	+><DD
	5491	+><P
	5492	+>Sets the initial packet length to <TT
	5493	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	5494	+><I
	5495	+>pktlen</I
	5496	+></TT
	5497	+> instead of
	5498	+65536 for <B
	5499	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	5500	+>tracepath</B
	5501	+> or 128000 for <B
	5502	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	5503	+>tracepath6</B
	5504	+>.
	5505	+ </P
	5506	+></DD
	5507	+></DL
	5508	+></DIV
	5509	+></DIV
	5510	+><DIV
	5511	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	5512	+><A
	5513	+NAME="AEN839"
	5514	+></A
	5515	+><H2
	5516	+>OUTPUT</H2
	5517	+><P
	5518	+><P
	5519	+CLASS="LITERALLAYOUT"
	5520	+>root@mops:~ # tracepath6 3ffe:2400:0:109::2<br>
	5521	+ 1?: [LOCALHOST]                              pmtu 1500<br>
	5522	+ 1:  dust.inr.ac.ru                   0.411ms<br>
	5523	+ 2:  dust.inr.ac.ru        asymm  1   0.390ms pmtu 1480<br>
	5524	+ 2:  3ffe:2400:0:109::2               463.514ms reached<br>
	5525	+     Resume: pmtu 1480 hops 2 back 2</P
	5526	+></P
	5527	+><P
	5528	+>The first column shows <TT
	5529	+CLASS="LITERAL"
	5530	+>TTL</TT
	5531	+> of the probe, followed by colon.
	5532	+Usually value of <TT
	5533	+CLASS="LITERAL"
	5534	+>TTL</TT
	5535	+> is obtained from reply from network,
	5536	+but sometimes reply does not contain necessary information and
	5537	+we have to guess it. In this case the number is followed by ?.</P
	5538	+><P
	5539	+>The second column shows the network hop, which replied to the probe.
	5540	+It is either address of router or word <TT
	5541	+CLASS="LITERAL"
	5542	+>[LOCALHOST]</TT
	5543	+>, if
	5544	+the probe was not sent to the network.</P
	5545	+><P
	5546	+>The rest of line shows miscellaneous information about path to
	5547	+the correspinding hetwork hop. As rule it contains value of RTT.
	5548	+Additionally, it can show Path MTU, when it changes.
	5549	+If the path is asymmetric
	5550	+or the probe finishes before it reach prescribed hop, difference
	5551	+between number of hops in forward and backward direction is shown
[ecc1136]	5552	+following keyword <TT
[8867e46]	5553	+CLASS="LITERAL"
	5554	+>async</TT
	5555	+>. This information is not reliable.
	5556	+F.e. the third line shows asymmetry of 1, it is because the first probe
	5557	+with TTL of 2 was rejected at the first hop due to Path MTU Discovery.</P
	5558	+><P
	5559	+>The last line summarizes information about all the path to the destination,
	5560	+it shows detected Path MTU, amount of hops to the destination and our
	5561	+guess about amount of hops from the destination to us, which can be
	5562	+different when the path is asymmetric.</P
	5563	+></DIV
	5564	+><DIV
	5565	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	5566	+><A
	5567	+NAME="AEN851"
	5568	+></A
	5569	+><H2
	5570	+>SEE ALSO</H2
	5571	+><P
	5572	+><SPAN
	5573	+CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
	5574	+><SPAN
	5575	+CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
	5576	+>traceroute</SPAN
	5577	+>(8)</SPAN
	5578	+>,
	5579	+<A
	5580	+HREF="r884.html"
	5581	+><SPAN
	5582	+CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
	5583	+><SPAN
	5584	+CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
	5585	+>traceroute6</SPAN
	5586	+>(8)</SPAN
	5587	+></A
	5588	+>,
	5589	+<A
	5590	+HREF="r3.html"
	5591	+><SPAN
	5592	+CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
	5593	+><SPAN
	5594	+CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
	5595	+>ping</SPAN
	5596	+>(8)</SPAN
	5597	+></A
	5598	+>.</P
	5599	+></DIV
	5600	+><DIV
	5601	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	5602	+><A
	5603	+NAME="AEN865"
	5604	+></A
	5605	+><H2
	5606	+>AUTHOR</H2
	5607	+><P
	5608	+><B
	5609	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	5610	+>tracepath</B
	5611	+> was written by
	5612	+<A
	5613	+HREF="mailto:kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru"
	5614	+TARGET="_top"
	5615	+>Alexey Kuznetsov
	5616	+<kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru></A
	5617	+>.</P
	5618	+></DIV
	5619	+><DIV
	5620	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	5621	+><A
	5622	+NAME="AEN870"
	5623	+></A
	5624	+><H2
	5625	+>SECURITY</H2
	5626	+><P
	5627	+>No security issues.</P
	5628	+><P
	5629	+>This lapidary deserves to be elaborated.
	5630	+<B
	5631	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	5632	+>tracepath</B
	5633	+> is not a privileged program, unlike
	5634	+<B
	5635	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	5636	+>traceroute</B
	5637	+>, <B
	5638	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	5639	+>ping</B
	5640	+> and other beasts of this kind.
	5641	+<B
	5642	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	5643	+>tracepath</B
	5644	+> may be executed by everyone who has some access
	5645	+to network, enough to send UDP datagrams to investigated destination
	5646	+using given port.</P
	5647	+></DIV
	5648	+><DIV
	5649	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	5650	+><A
	5651	+NAME="AEN878"
	5652	+></A
	5653	+><H2
	5654	+>AVAILABILITY</H2
	5655	+><P
	5656	+><B
	5657	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	5658	+>tracepath</B
	5659	+> is part of <TT
	5660	+CLASS="FILENAME"
	5661	+>iputils</TT
	5662	+> package
	5663	+and the latest versions are available in source form at
	5664	+<A
	5665	+HREF="http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2"
	5666	+TARGET="_top"
	5667	+>http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2</A
	5668	+>.</P
	5669	+></DIV
	5670	+><DIV
	5671	+CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
	5672	+><HR
	5673	+ALIGN="LEFT"
	5674	+WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
	5675	+SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
	5676	+WIDTH="100%"
	5677	+BORDER="0"
	5678	+CELLPADDING="0"
	5679	+CELLSPACING="0"
	5680	+><TR
	5681	+><TD
	5682	+WIDTH="33%"
	5683	+ALIGN="left"
	5684	+VALIGN="top"
	5685	+><A
	5686	+HREF="r691.html"
	5687	+ACCESSKEY="P"
	5688	+>Prev</A
	5689	+></TD
	5690	+><TD
	5691	+WIDTH="34%"
	5692	+ALIGN="center"
	5693	+VALIGN="top"
	5694	+><A
	5695	+HREF="index.html"
	5696	+ACCESSKEY="H"
	5697	+>Home</A
	5698	+></TD
	5699	+><TD
	5700	+WIDTH="33%"
	5701	+ALIGN="right"
	5702	+VALIGN="top"
	5703	+><A
	5704	+HREF="r884.html"
	5705	+ACCESSKEY="N"
	5706	+>Next</A
	5707	+></TD
	5708	+></TR
	5709	+><TR
	5710	+><TD
	5711	+WIDTH="33%"
	5712	+ALIGN="left"
	5713	+VALIGN="top"
	5714	+>rarpd</TD
	5715	+><TD
	5716	+WIDTH="34%"
	5717	+ALIGN="center"
	5718	+VALIGN="top"
	5719	+> </TD
	5720	+><TD
	5721	+WIDTH="33%"
	5722	+ALIGN="right"
	5723	+VALIGN="top"
	5724	+>traceroute6</TD
	5725	+></TR
	5726	+></TABLE
	5727	+></DIV
	5728	+></BODY
	5729	+></HTML
	5730	+>
	5731	\ No newline at end of file
[ecc1136]	5732	diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r884.html iputils-s20101006/doc/r884.html
	5733	--- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r884.html 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
	5734	+++ iputils-s20101006/doc/r884.html 2011-01-08 20:09:49.606677412 -0500
[8867e46]	5735	@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
	5736	+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
	5737	+<HTML
	5738	+><HEAD
	5739	+><TITLE
	5740	+>traceroute6</TITLE
	5741	+><META
	5742	+NAME="GENERATOR"
	5743	+CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
	5744	+REL="HOME"
	5745	+TITLE="System Manager's Manual: iputils"
	5746	+HREF="index.html"><LINK
	5747	+REL="PREVIOUS"
	5748	+TITLE="tracepath"
	5749	+HREF="r790.html"><LINK
	5750	+REL="NEXT"
	5751	+TITLE="tftpd"
	5752	+HREF="r949.html"></HEAD
	5753	+><BODY
	5754	+CLASS="REFENTRY"
	5755	+BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
	5756	+TEXT="#000000"
	5757	+LINK="#0000FF"
	5758	+VLINK="#840084"
	5759	+ALINK="#0000FF"
	5760	+><DIV
	5761	+CLASS="NAVHEADER"
	5762	+><TABLE
	5763	+SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
	5764	+WIDTH="100%"
	5765	+BORDER="0"
	5766	+CELLPADDING="0"
	5767	+CELLSPACING="0"
	5768	+><TR
	5769	+><TH
	5770	+COLSPAN="3"
	5771	+ALIGN="center"
	5772	+>System Manager's Manual: iputils</TH
	5773	+></TR
	5774	+><TR
	5775	+><TD
	5776	+WIDTH="10%"
	5777	+ALIGN="left"
	5778	+VALIGN="bottom"
	5779	+><A
	5780	+HREF="r790.html"
	5781	+ACCESSKEY="P"
	5782	+>Prev</A
	5783	+></TD
	5784	+><TD
	5785	+WIDTH="80%"
	5786	+ALIGN="center"
	5787	+VALIGN="bottom"
	5788	+></TD
	5789	+><TD
	5790	+WIDTH="10%"
	5791	+ALIGN="right"
	5792	+VALIGN="bottom"
	5793	+><A
	5794	+HREF="r949.html"
	5795	+ACCESSKEY="N"
	5796	+>Next</A
	5797	+></TD
	5798	+></TR
	5799	+></TABLE
	5800	+><HR
	5801	+ALIGN="LEFT"
	5802	+WIDTH="100%"></DIV
	5803	+><H1
	5804	+><A
	5805	+NAME="TRACEROUTE6"
	5806	+></A
	5807	+>traceroute6</H1
	5808	+><DIV
	5809	+CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
	5810	+><A
	5811	+NAME="AEN889"
	5812	+></A
	5813	+><H2
	5814	+>Name</H2
	5815	+>traceroute6 -- traces path to a network host</DIV
	5816	+><DIV
	5817	+CLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
	5818	+><A
	5819	+NAME="AEN892"
	5820	+></A
	5821	+><H2
	5822	+>Synopsis</H2
	5823	+><P
	5824	+><B
	5825	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	5826	+>traceroute6</B
	5827	+> [<CODE
	5828	+CLASS="OPTION"
	5829	+>-dnrvV</CODE
	5830	+>] [-i <TT
	5831	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	5832	+><I
	5833	+>interface</I
	5834	+></TT
	5835	+>] [-m <TT
	5836	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	5837	+><I
	5838	+>max_ttl</I
	5839	+></TT
	5840	+>] [-p <TT
	5841	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	5842	+><I
	5843	+>port</I
	5844	+></TT
	5845	+>] [-q <TT
	5846	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	5847	+><I
	5848	+>max_probes</I
	5849	+></TT
	5850	+>] [-s <TT
	5851	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	5852	+><I
	5853	+>source</I
	5854	+></TT
	5855	+>] [-w <TT
	5856	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	5857	+><I
	5858	+>wait time</I
	5859	+></TT
	5860	+>] {<TT
	5861	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	5862	+><I
	5863	+>destination</I
	5864	+></TT
	5865	+>} [<TT
	5866	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	5867	+><I
	5868	+>size</I
	5869	+></TT
	5870	+>]</P
	5871	+></DIV
	5872	+><DIV
	5873	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	5874	+><A
	5875	+NAME="AEN913"
	5876	+></A
	5877	+><H2
	5878	+>DESCRIPTION</H2
	5879	+><P
	5880	+>Description can be found in
	5881	+<SPAN
	5882	+CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
	5883	+><SPAN
	5884	+CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
	5885	+>traceroute</SPAN
	5886	+>(8)</SPAN
	5887	+>,
	5888	+all the references to IP replaced to IPv6. It is needless to copy
	5889	+the description from there.</P
	5890	+></DIV
	5891	+><DIV
	5892	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	5893	+><A
	5894	+NAME="AEN919"
	5895	+></A
	5896	+><H2
	5897	+>SEE ALSO</H2
	5898	+><P
	5899	+><SPAN
	5900	+CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
	5901	+><SPAN
	5902	+CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
	5903	+>traceroute</SPAN
	5904	+>(8)</SPAN
	5905	+>,
	5906	+<SPAN
	5907	+CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
	5908	+><SPAN
	5909	+CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
	5910	+>tracepath</SPAN
	5911	+>(8)</SPAN
	5912	+>,
	5913	+<SPAN
	5914	+CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
	5915	+><SPAN
	5916	+CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
	5917	+>ping</SPAN
	5918	+>(8)</SPAN
	5919	+>.</P
	5920	+></DIV
	5921	+><DIV
	5922	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	5923	+><A
	5924	+NAME="AEN931"
	5925	+></A
	5926	+><H2
	5927	+>HISTORY</H2
	5928	+><P
	5929	+>This program has long history. Author of <B
	5930	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	5931	+>traceroute</B
	5932	+>
	5933	+is Van Jacobson and it first appeared in 1988. This clone is
	5934	+based on a port of <B
	5935	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	5936	+>traceroute</B
	5937	+> to IPv6 published
	5938	+in NRL IPv6 distribution in 1996. In turn, it was ported
	5939	+to Linux by Pedro Roque. After this it was kept in sync by
	5940	+<A
	5941	+HREF="mailto:kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru"
	5942	+TARGET="_top"
	5943	+>Alexey Kuznetsov
	5944	+<kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru></A
	5945	+>. And eventually entered
	5946	+<B
	5947	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	5948	+>iputils</B
	5949	+> package.</P
	5950	+></DIV
	5951	+><DIV
	5952	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	5953	+><A
	5954	+NAME="AEN938"
	5955	+></A
	5956	+><H2
	5957	+>SECURITY</H2
	5958	+><P
	5959	+><B
	5960	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	5961	+>tracepath6</B
	5962	+> requires <CODE
	5963	+CLASS="CONSTANT"
	5964	+>CAP_NET_RAWIO</CODE
	5965	+> capability
	5966	+to be executed. It is safe to be used as set-uid root.</P
	5967	+></DIV
	5968	+><DIV
	5969	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	5970	+><A
	5971	+NAME="AEN943"
	5972	+></A
	5973	+><H2
	5974	+>AVAILABILITY</H2
	5975	+><P
	5976	+><B
	5977	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	5978	+>traceroute6</B
	5979	+> is part of <TT
	5980	+CLASS="FILENAME"
	5981	+>iputils</TT
	5982	+> package
	5983	+and the latest versions are available in source form at
	5984	+<A
	5985	+HREF="http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2"
	5986	+TARGET="_top"
	5987	+>http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2</A
	5988	+>.</P
	5989	+></DIV
	5990	+><DIV
	5991	+CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
	5992	+><HR
	5993	+ALIGN="LEFT"
	5994	+WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
	5995	+SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
	5996	+WIDTH="100%"
	5997	+BORDER="0"
	5998	+CELLPADDING="0"
	5999	+CELLSPACING="0"
	6000	+><TR
	6001	+><TD
	6002	+WIDTH="33%"
	6003	+ALIGN="left"
	6004	+VALIGN="top"
	6005	+><A
	6006	+HREF="r790.html"
	6007	+ACCESSKEY="P"
	6008	+>Prev</A
	6009	+></TD
	6010	+><TD
	6011	+WIDTH="34%"
	6012	+ALIGN="center"
	6013	+VALIGN="top"
	6014	+><A
	6015	+HREF="index.html"
	6016	+ACCESSKEY="H"
	6017	+>Home</A
	6018	+></TD
	6019	+><TD
	6020	+WIDTH="33%"
	6021	+ALIGN="right"
	6022	+VALIGN="top"
	6023	+><A
	6024	+HREF="r949.html"
	6025	+ACCESSKEY="N"
	6026	+>Next</A
	6027	+></TD
	6028	+></TR
	6029	+><TR
	6030	+><TD
	6031	+WIDTH="33%"
	6032	+ALIGN="left"
	6033	+VALIGN="top"
	6034	+>tracepath</TD
	6035	+><TD
	6036	+WIDTH="34%"
	6037	+ALIGN="center"
	6038	+VALIGN="top"
	6039	+> </TD
	6040	+><TD
	6041	+WIDTH="33%"
	6042	+ALIGN="right"
	6043	+VALIGN="top"
	6044	+>tftpd</TD
	6045	+></TR
	6046	+></TABLE
	6047	+></DIV
	6048	+></BODY
	6049	+></HTML
	6050	+>
	6051	\ No newline at end of file
[ecc1136]	6052	diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r949.html iputils-s20101006/doc/r949.html
	6053	--- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/r949.html 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
	6054	+++ iputils-s20101006/doc/r949.html 2011-01-08 20:09:49.614834740 -0500
[8867e46]	6055	@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
	6056	+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
	6057	+<HTML
	6058	+><HEAD
	6059	+><TITLE
	6060	+>tftpd</TITLE
	6061	+><META
	6062	+NAME="GENERATOR"
	6063	+CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
	6064	+REL="HOME"
	6065	+TITLE="System Manager's Manual: iputils"
	6066	+HREF="index.html"><LINK
	6067	+REL="PREVIOUS"
	6068	+TITLE="traceroute6"
	6069	+HREF="r884.html"><LINK
	6070	+REL="NEXT"
	6071	+TITLE="rdisc"
	6072	+HREF="r1022.html"></HEAD
	6073	+><BODY
	6074	+CLASS="REFENTRY"
	6075	+BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
	6076	+TEXT="#000000"
	6077	+LINK="#0000FF"
	6078	+VLINK="#840084"
	6079	+ALINK="#0000FF"
	6080	+><DIV
	6081	+CLASS="NAVHEADER"
	6082	+><TABLE
	6083	+SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
	6084	+WIDTH="100%"
	6085	+BORDER="0"
	6086	+CELLPADDING="0"
	6087	+CELLSPACING="0"
	6088	+><TR
	6089	+><TH
	6090	+COLSPAN="3"
	6091	+ALIGN="center"
	6092	+>System Manager's Manual: iputils</TH
	6093	+></TR
	6094	+><TR
	6095	+><TD
	6096	+WIDTH="10%"
	6097	+ALIGN="left"
	6098	+VALIGN="bottom"
	6099	+><A
	6100	+HREF="r884.html"
	6101	+ACCESSKEY="P"
	6102	+>Prev</A
	6103	+></TD
	6104	+><TD
	6105	+WIDTH="80%"
	6106	+ALIGN="center"
	6107	+VALIGN="bottom"
	6108	+></TD
	6109	+><TD
	6110	+WIDTH="10%"
	6111	+ALIGN="right"
	6112	+VALIGN="bottom"
	6113	+><A
	6114	+HREF="r1022.html"
	6115	+ACCESSKEY="N"
	6116	+>Next</A
	6117	+></TD
	6118	+></TR
	6119	+></TABLE
	6120	+><HR
	6121	+ALIGN="LEFT"
	6122	+WIDTH="100%"></DIV
	6123	+><H1
	6124	+><A
	6125	+NAME="TFTPD"
	6126	+></A
	6127	+>tftpd</H1
	6128	+><DIV
	6129	+CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
	6130	+><A
	6131	+NAME="AEN954"
	6132	+></A
	6133	+><H2
	6134	+>Name</H2
	6135	+>tftpd -- Trivial File Transfer Protocol server</DIV
	6136	+><DIV
	6137	+CLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
	6138	+><A
	6139	+NAME="AEN957"
	6140	+></A
	6141	+><H2
	6142	+>Synopsis</H2
	6143	+><P
	6144	+><B
	6145	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	6146	+>tftpd</B
	6147	+> {<TT
	6148	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	6149	+><I
	6150	+>directory</I
	6151	+></TT
	6152	+>}</P
	6153	+></DIV
	6154	+><DIV
	6155	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	6156	+><A
	6157	+NAME="AEN962"
	6158	+></A
	6159	+><H2
	6160	+>DESCRIPTION</H2
	6161	+><P
	6162	+><B
	6163	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	6164	+>tftpd</B
	6165	+> is a server which supports the DARPA
	6166	+Trivial File Transfer Protocol
	6167	+(<A
	6168	+HREF="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1350.txt"
	6169	+TARGET="_top"
	6170	+>RFC1350</A
	6171	+>).
	6172	+The TFTP server is started
	6173	+by <SPAN
	6174	+CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
	6175	+><SPAN
	6176	+CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
	6177	+>inetd</SPAN
	6178	+>(8)</SPAN
	6179	+>.</P
	6180	+><P
	6181	+><TT
	6182	+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
	6183	+><I
	6184	+>directory</I
	6185	+></TT
	6186	+> is required argument; if it is not given
	6187	+<B
	6188	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	6189	+>tftpd</B
	6190	+> aborts. This path is prepended to any file name requested
	6191	+via TFTP protocol, effectively chrooting <B
	6192	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	6193	+>tftpd</B
	6194	+> to this directory.
	6195	+File names are validated not to escape out of this directory, however
	6196	+administrator may configure such escape using symbolic links.</P
	6197	+><P
	6198	+>It is in difference of variants of <B
	6199	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	6200	+>tftpd</B
	6201	+> usually distributed
	6202	+with unix-like systems, which take a list of directories and match
	6203	+file names to start from one of given prefixes or to some random
	6204	+default, when no arguments were given. There are two reasons not to
	6205	+behave in this way: first, it is inconvenient, clients are not expected
	6206	+to know something about layout of filesystem on server host.
	6207	+And second, TFTP protocol is not a tool for browsing of server's filesystem,
	6208	+it is just an agent allowing to boot dumb clients. </P
	6209	+><P
	6210	+>In the case when <B
	6211	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	6212	+>tftpd</B
	6213	+> is used together with
	6214	+<A
	6215	+HREF="r691.html"
	6216	+><SPAN
	6217	+CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
	6218	+><SPAN
	6219	+CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
	6220	+>rarpd</SPAN
	6221	+>(8)</SPAN
	6222	+></A
	6223	+>,
	6224	+tftp directories in these services should coincide and it is expected
	6225	+that each client booted via TFTP has boot image corresponding
	6226	+its IP address with an architecture suffix following Sun Microsystems
	6227	+conventions. See
	6228	+<A
	6229	+HREF="r691.html"
	6230	+><SPAN
	6231	+CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
	6232	+><SPAN
	6233	+CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
	6234	+>rarpd</SPAN
	6235	+>(8)</SPAN
	6236	+></A
	6237	+>
	6238	+for more details.</P
	6239	+></DIV
	6240	+><DIV
	6241	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	6242	+><A
	6243	+NAME="AEN986"
	6244	+></A
	6245	+><H2
	6246	+>SECURITY</H2
	6247	+><P
	6248	+>TFTP protocol does not provide any authentication.
	6249	+Due to this capital flaw <B
	6250	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	6251	+>tftpd</B
	6252	+> is not able to restrict
	6253	+access to files and will allow only publically readable
	6254	+files to be accessed. Files may be written only if they already
	6255	+exist and are publically writable.</P
	6256	+><P
	6257	+>Impact is evident, directory exported via TFTP <SPAN
	6258	+CLASS="emphasis"
	6259	+><I
	6260	+CLASS="EMPHASIS"
	6261	+>must not</I
	6262	+></SPAN
	6263	+>
	6264	+contain sensitive information of any kind, everyone is allowed
	6265	+to read it as soon as a client is allowed. Boot images do not contain
	6266	+such information as rule, however you should think twice before
	6267	+publishing f.e. Cisco IOS config files via TFTP, they contain
	6268	+<SPAN
	6269	+CLASS="emphasis"
	6270	+><I
	6271	+CLASS="EMPHASIS"
	6272	+>unencrypted</I
	6273	+></SPAN
	6274	+> passwords and may contain some information
	6275	+about the network, which you were not going to make public.</P
	6276	+><P
	6277	+>The <B
	6278	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	6279	+>tftpd</B
	6280	+> server should be executed by <B
	6281	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	6282	+>inetd</B
	6283	+>
	6284	+with dropped root privileges, namely with a user ID giving minimal
	6285	+access to files published in tftp directory. If it is executed
	6286	+as superuser occasionally, <B
	6287	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	6288	+>tftpd</B
	6289	+> drops its UID and GID
	6290	+to 65534, which is most likely not the thing which you expect.
	6291	+However, this is not very essential; remember, only files accessible
	6292	+for everyone can be read or written via TFTP.</P
	6293	+></DIV
	6294	+><DIV
	6295	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	6296	+><A
	6297	+NAME="AEN997"
	6298	+></A
	6299	+><H2
	6300	+>SEE ALSO</H2
	6301	+><P
	6302	+><A
	6303	+HREF="r691.html"
	6304	+><SPAN
	6305	+CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
	6306	+><SPAN
	6307	+CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
	6308	+>rarpd</SPAN
	6309	+>(8)</SPAN
	6310	+></A
	6311	+>,
	6312	+<SPAN
	6313	+CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
	6314	+><SPAN
	6315	+CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
	6316	+>tftp</SPAN
	6317	+>(1)</SPAN
	6318	+>,
	6319	+<SPAN
	6320	+CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
	6321	+><SPAN
	6322	+CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
	6323	+>inetd</SPAN
	6324	+>(8)</SPAN
	6325	+>.</P
	6326	+></DIV
	6327	+><DIV
	6328	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	6329	+><A
	6330	+NAME="AEN1010"
	6331	+></A
	6332	+><H2
	6333	+>HISTORY</H2
	6334	+><P
	6335	+>The <B
	6336	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	6337	+>tftpd</B
	6338	+> command appeared in 4.2BSD. The source in iputils
	6339	+is cleaned up both syntactically (ANSIized) and semantically (UDP socket IO).</P
	6340	+><P
	6341	+>It is distributed with iputils mostly as good demo of an interesting feature
	6342	+(<CODE
	6343	+CLASS="CONSTANT"
	6344	+>MSG_CONFIRM</CODE
	6345	+>) allowing to boot long images by dumb clients
	6346	+not answering ARP requests until they are finally booted.
	6347	+However, this is full functional and can be used in production.</P
	6348	+></DIV
	6349	+><DIV
	6350	+CLASS="REFSECT1"
	6351	+><A
	6352	+NAME="AEN1016"
	6353	+></A
	6354	+><H2
	6355	+>AVAILABILITY</H2
	6356	+><P
	6357	+><B
	6358	+CLASS="COMMAND"
	6359	+>tftpd</B
	6360	+> is part of <TT
	6361	+CLASS="FILENAME"
	6362	+>iputils</TT
	6363	+> package
	6364	+and the latest versions are available in source form at
	6365	+<A
	6366	+HREF="http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2"
	6367	+TARGET="_top"
	6368	+>http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2</A
	6369	+>.</P
	6370	+></DIV
	6371	+><DIV
	6372	+CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
	6373	+><HR
	6374	+ALIGN="LEFT"
	6375	+WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
	6376	+SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
	6377	+WIDTH="100%"
	6378	+BORDER="0"
	6379	+CELLPADDING="0"
	6380	+CELLSPACING="0"
	6381	+><TR
	6382	+><TD
	6383	+WIDTH="33%"
	6384	+ALIGN="left"
	6385	+VALIGN="top"
	6386	+><A
	6387	+HREF="r884.html"
	6388	+ACCESSKEY="P"
	6389	+>Prev</A
	6390	+></TD
	6391	+><TD
	6392	+WIDTH="34%"
	6393	+ALIGN="center"
	6394	+VALIGN="top"
	6395	+><A
	6396	+HREF="index.html"
	6397	+ACCESSKEY="H"
	6398	+>Home</A
	6399	+></TD
	6400	+><TD
	6401	+WIDTH="33%"
	6402	+ALIGN="right"
	6403	+VALIGN="top"
	6404	+><A
	6405	+HREF="r1022.html"
	6406	+ACCESSKEY="N"
	6407	+>Next</A
	6408	+></TD
	6409	+></TR
	6410	+><TR
	6411	+><TD
	6412	+WIDTH="33%"
	6413	+ALIGN="left"
	6414	+VALIGN="top"
	6415	+>traceroute6</TD
	6416	+><TD
	6417	+WIDTH="34%"
	6418	+ALIGN="center"
	6419	+VALIGN="top"
	6420	+> </TD
	6421	+><TD
	6422	+WIDTH="33%"
	6423	+ALIGN="right"
	6424	+VALIGN="top"
	6425	+>rdisc</TD
	6426	+></TR
	6427	+></TABLE
	6428	+></DIV
	6429	+></BODY
	6430	+></HTML
	6431	+>
	6432	\ No newline at end of file
[ecc1136]	6433	diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/rarpd.8 iputils-s20101006/doc/rarpd.8
	6434	--- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/rarpd.8 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
	6435	+++ iputils-s20101006/doc/rarpd.8 2011-01-08 20:09:51.270811811 -0500
[8867e46]	6436	@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
	6437	+.\" This manpage has been automatically generated by docbook2man
	6438	+.\" from a DocBook document. This tool can be found at:
	6439	+.\" <http://shell.ipoline.com/~elmert/comp/docbook2X/>
	6440	+.\" Please send any bug reports, improvements, comments, patches,
	6441	+.\" etc. to Steve Cheng <steve@ggi-project.org>.
[ecc1136]	6442	+.TH "RARPD" "8" "08 January 2011" "iputils-101006" "System Manager's Manual: iputils"
[8867e46]	6443	+.SH NAME
	6444	+rarpd \- answer RARP REQUESTs
	6445	+.SH SYNOPSIS
	6446	+
	6447	+\fBarping\fR [\fB-aAvde\fR] [\fB-b \fIbootdir\fB\fR] [\fB\fIinterface\fB\fR]
	6448	+
	6449	+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
	6450	+.PP
	6451	+Listens
	6452	+RARP
	6453	+requests from clients. Provided MAC address of client
	6454	+is found in \fI/etc/ethers\fR database and
	6455	+obtained host name is resolvable to an IP address appropriate
	6456	+for attached network, \fBrarpd\fR answers to client with RARPD
	6457	+reply carrying an IP address.
	6458	+.PP
	6459	+To allow multiple boot servers on the network \fBrarpd\fR
	6460	+optionally checks for presence Sun-like bootable image in TFTP directory.
	6461	+It should have form \fBHexadecimal_IP.ARCH\fR, f.e. to load
	6462	+sparc 193.233.7.98 \fIC1E90762.SUN4M\fR is linked to
	6463	+an image appropriate for SUM4M in directory \fI/etc/tftpboot\fR.
	6464	+.SH "WARNING"
	6465	+.PP
	6466	+This facility is deeply obsoleted by
	6467	+BOOTP
	6468	+and later
	6469	+DHCP protocols.
	6470	+However, some clients really still need this to boot.
	6471	+.SH "OPTIONS"
	6472	+.TP
	6473	+\fB-a\fR
	6474	+Listen on all the interfaces. Currently it is an internal
	6475	+option, its function is overridden with \fIinterface\fR
	6476	+argument. It should not be used.
	6477	+.TP
	6478	+\fB-A\fR
	6479	+Listen not only RARP but also ARP messages, some rare clients
	6480	+use ARP by some unknown reason.
	6481	+.TP
	6482	+\fB-v\fR
	6483	+Be verbose.
	6484	+.TP
	6485	+\fB-d\fR
	6486	+Debug mode. Do not go to background.
	6487	+.TP
	6488	+\fB-e\fR
	6489	+Do not check for presence of a boot image, reply if MAC address
	6490	+resolves to a valid IP address using \fI/etc/ethers\fR
	6491	+database and DNS.
	6492	+.TP
	6493	+\fB-b \fIbootdir\fB\fR
	6494	+TFTP boot directory. Default is \fI/etc/tftpboot\fR
	6495	+.SH "SEE ALSO"
	6496	+.PP
	6497	+\fBarping\fR(8),
	6498	+\fBtftpd\fR(8).
	6499	+.SH "AUTHOR"
	6500	+.PP
	6501	+\fBrarpd\fR was written by
	6502	+Alexey Kuznetsov
	6503	+<kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>.
	6504	+It is now maintained by
	6505	+YOSHIFUJI Hideaki
	6506	+<yoshfuji@skbuff.net>.
	6507	+.SH "SECURITY"
	6508	+.PP
	6509	+\fBrarpd\fR requires CAP_NET_RAWIO capability
	6510	+to listen and send RARP and ARP packets. It also needs CAP_NET_ADMIN
	6511	+to give to kernel hint for ARP resolution; this is not strictly required,
	6512	+but some (most of, to be more exact) clients are so badly broken that
	6513	+are not able to answer ARP before they are finally booted. This is
	6514	+not wonderful taking into account that clients using RARPD in 2002
	6515	+are all unsupported relic creatures of 90's and even earlier.
	6516	+.SH "AVAILABILITY"
	6517	+.PP
	6518	+\fBrarpd\fR is part of \fIiputils\fR package
	6519	+and the latest versions are available in source form at
	6520	+http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2.
[ecc1136]	6521	diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/rdisc.8 iputils-s20101006/doc/rdisc.8
	6522	--- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/rdisc.8 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
	6523	+++ iputils-s20101006/doc/rdisc.8 2011-01-08 20:09:51.527155543 -0500
[8867e46]	6524	@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
	6525	+.\" This manpage has been automatically generated by docbook2man
	6526	+.\" from a DocBook document. This tool can be found at:
	6527	+.\" <http://shell.ipoline.com/~elmert/comp/docbook2X/>
	6528	+.\" Please send any bug reports, improvements, comments, patches,
	6529	+.\" etc. to Steve Cheng <steve@ggi-project.org>.
[ecc1136]	6530	+.TH "RDISC" "8" "08 January 2011" "iputils-101006" "System Manager's Manual: iputils"
[8867e46]	6531	+.SH NAME
	6532	+rdisc \- network router discovery daemon
	6533	+.SH SYNOPSIS
	6534	+
	6535	+\fBrdisc\fR [\fB-abdfstvV\fR] [\fB\fIsend_address\fB\fR] [\fB\fIreceive_address\fB\fR]
	6536	+
	6537	+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
	6538	+.PP
	6539	+\fBrdisc\fR implements client side of the ICMP router discover protocol.
	6540	+\fBrdisc\fR is invoked at boot time to populate the network
	6541	+routing tables with default routes.
	6542	+.PP
	6543	+\fBrdisc\fR listens on the ALL_HOSTS (224.0.0.1) multicast address
	6544	+(or \fIreceive_address\fR provided it is given)
	6545	+for ROUTER_ADVERTISE messages from routers. The received
	6546	+messages are handled by first ignoring those listed router addresses
	6547	+with which the host does not share a network. Among the remaining addresses
	6548	+the ones with the highest preference are selected as default routers
	6549	+and a default route is entered in the kernel routing table
	6550	+for each one of them.
	6551	+.PP
	6552	+Optionally, \fBrdisc\fR can avoid waiting for routers to announce
	6553	+themselves by sending out a few ROUTER_SOLICITATION messages
	6554	+to the ALL_ROUTERS (224.0.0.2) multicast address
	6555	+(or \fIsend_address\fR provided it is given)
	6556	+when it is started.
	6557	+.PP
	6558	+A timer is associated with each router address and the address will
	6559	+no longer be considered for inclusion in the the routing tables if the
	6560	+timer expires before a new
	6561	+\fBadvertise\fR message is received from the router.
	6562	+The address will also be excluded from consideration if the host receives an
	6563	+\fBadvertise\fR
	6564	+message with the preference being maximally negative.
	6565	+.PP
	6566	+Server side of router discovery protocol is supported by Cisco IOS
	6567	+and by any more or less complete UNIX routing daemon, f.e \fBgated\fR.
	6568	+.SH "OPTIONS"
	6569	+.TP
	6570	+\fB-a\fR
	6571	+Accept all routers independently of the preference they have in their
	6572	+\fBadvertise\fR messages.
	6573	+Normally \fBrdisc\fR only accepts (and enters in the kernel routing
	6574	+tables) the router or routers with the highest preference.
	6575	+.TP
	6576	+\fB-b\fR
	6577	+Opposite to \fB-a\fR, i.e. install only router with the best
	6578	+preference value. It is default behaviour.
	6579	+.TP
	6580	+\fB-d\fR
	6581	+Send debugging messages to syslog.
	6582	+.TP
	6583	+\fB-f\fR
	6584	+Run \fBrdisc\fR forever even if no routers are found.
	6585	+Normally \fBrdisc\fR gives up if it has not received any
	6586	+\fBadvertise\fR message after after soliciting three times,
	6587	+in which case it exits with a non-zero exit code.
	6588	+If \fB-f\fR is not specified in the first form then
	6589	+\fB-s\fR must be specified.
	6590	+.TP
	6591	+\fB-s\fR
	6592	+Send three \fBsolicitation\fR messages initially to quickly discover
	6593	+the routers when the system is booted.
	6594	+When \fB-s\fR is specified \fBrdisc\fR
	6595	+exits with a non-zero exit code if it can not find any routers.
	6596	+This can be overridden with the \fB-f\fR option.
	6597	+.TP
	6598	+\fB-t\fR
	6599	+Test mode. Do not go to background.
	6600	+.TP
	6601	+\fB-v\fR
	6602	+Be verbose i.e. send lots of debugging messages to syslog.
	6603	+.TP
	6604	+\fB-V\fR
	6605	+Print version and exit.
	6606	+.SH "HISTORY"
	6607	+.PP
	6608	+This program was developed by Sun Microsystems (see copyright
	6609	+notice in source file). It was ported to Linux by
	6610	+Alexey Kuznetsov
	6611	+<kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>.
	6612	+It is now maintained by
	6613	+YOSHIFUJI Hideaki
	6614	+<yoshfuji@skbuff.net>.
	6615	+.SH "SEE ALSO"
	6616	+.PP
	6617	+\fBicmp\fR(7),
	6618	+\fBinet\fR(7),
	6619	+\fBping\fR(8).
	6620	+.SH "REFERENCES"
	6621	+.PP
	6622	+Deering, S.E.,ed "ICMP Router Discovery Messages",
	6623	+RFC1256, Network Information Center, SRI International,
	6624	+Menlo Park, Calif., September 1991.
	6625	+.SH "SECURITY"
	6626	+.PP
	6627	+\fBrdisc\fR requires CAP_NET_RAWIO to listen
	6628	+and send ICMP messages and capability CAP_NET_ADMIN
	6629	+to update routing tables.
	6630	+.SH "AVAILABILITY"
	6631	+.PP
	6632	+\fBrdisc\fR is part of \fIiputils\fR package
	6633	+and the latest versions are available in source form at
	6634	+http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2.
[ecc1136]	6635	diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/tftpd.8 iputils-s20101006/doc/tftpd.8
	6636	--- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/tftpd.8 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
	6637	+++ iputils-s20101006/doc/tftpd.8 2011-01-08 20:09:51.723407498 -0500
[8867e46]	6638	@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
	6639	+.\" This manpage has been automatically generated by docbook2man
	6640	+.\" from a DocBook document. This tool can be found at:
	6641	+.\" <http://shell.ipoline.com/~elmert/comp/docbook2X/>
	6642	+.\" Please send any bug reports, improvements, comments, patches,
	6643	+.\" etc. to Steve Cheng <steve@ggi-project.org>.
[ecc1136]	6644	+.TH "TFTPD" "8" "08 January 2011" "iputils-101006" "System Manager's Manual: iputils"
[8867e46]	6645	+.SH NAME
	6646	+tftpd \- Trivial File Transfer Protocol server
	6647	+.SH SYNOPSIS
	6648	+
	6649	+\fBtftpd\fR \fB\fIdirectory\fB\fR
	6650	+
	6651	+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
	6652	+.PP
	6653	+\fBtftpd\fR is a server which supports the DARPA
	6654	+Trivial File Transfer Protocol
	6655	+(RFC1350).
	6656	+The TFTP server is started
	6657	+by \fBinetd\fR(8).
	6658	+.PP
	6659	+\fIdirectory\fR is required argument; if it is not given
	6660	+\fBtftpd\fR aborts. This path is prepended to any file name requested
	6661	+via TFTP protocol, effectively chrooting \fBtftpd\fR to this directory.
	6662	+File names are validated not to escape out of this directory, however
	6663	+administrator may configure such escape using symbolic links.
	6664	+.PP
	6665	+It is in difference of variants of \fBtftpd\fR usually distributed
	6666	+with unix-like systems, which take a list of directories and match
	6667	+file names to start from one of given prefixes or to some random
	6668	+default, when no arguments were given. There are two reasons not to
	6669	+behave in this way: first, it is inconvenient, clients are not expected
	6670	+to know something about layout of filesystem on server host.
	6671	+And second, TFTP protocol is not a tool for browsing of server's filesystem,
	6672	+it is just an agent allowing to boot dumb clients.
	6673	+.PP
	6674	+In the case when \fBtftpd\fR is used together with
	6675	+\fBrarpd\fR(8),
	6676	+tftp directories in these services should coincide and it is expected
	6677	+that each client booted via TFTP has boot image corresponding
	6678	+its IP address with an architecture suffix following Sun Microsystems
	6679	+conventions. See
	6680	+\fBrarpd\fR(8)
	6681	+for more details.
	6682	+.SH "SECURITY"
	6683	+.PP
	6684	+TFTP protocol does not provide any authentication.
	6685	+Due to this capital flaw \fBtftpd\fR is not able to restrict
	6686	+access to files and will allow only publically readable
	6687	+files to be accessed. Files may be written only if they already
	6688	+exist and are publically writable.
	6689	+.PP
	6690	+Impact is evident, directory exported via TFTP \fBmust not\fR
	6691	+contain sensitive information of any kind, everyone is allowed
	6692	+to read it as soon as a client is allowed. Boot images do not contain
	6693	+such information as rule, however you should think twice before
	6694	+publishing f.e. Cisco IOS config files via TFTP, they contain
	6695	+\fBunencrypted\fR passwords and may contain some information
	6696	+about the network, which you were not going to make public.
	6697	+.PP
	6698	+The \fBtftpd\fR server should be executed by \fBinetd\fR
	6699	+with dropped root privileges, namely with a user ID giving minimal
	6700	+access to files published in tftp directory. If it is executed
	6701	+as superuser occasionally, \fBtftpd\fR drops its UID and GID
	6702	+to 65534, which is most likely not the thing which you expect.
	6703	+However, this is not very essential; remember, only files accessible
	6704	+for everyone can be read or written via TFTP.
	6705	+.SH "SEE ALSO"
	6706	+.PP
	6707	+\fBrarpd\fR(8),
	6708	+\fBtftp\fR(1),
	6709	+\fBinetd\fR(8).
	6710	+.SH "HISTORY"
	6711	+.PP
	6712	+The \fBtftpd\fR command appeared in 4.2BSD. The source in iputils
	6713	+is cleaned up both syntactically (ANSIized) and semantically (UDP socket IO).
	6714	+.PP
	6715	+It is distributed with iputils mostly as good demo of an interesting feature
	6716	+(MSG_CONFIRM) allowing to boot long images by dumb clients
	6717	+not answering ARP requests until they are finally booted.
	6718	+However, this is full functional and can be used in production.
	6719	+.SH "AVAILABILITY"
	6720	+.PP
	6721	+\fBtftpd\fR is part of \fIiputils\fR package
	6722	+and the latest versions are available in source form at
	6723	+http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2.
[ecc1136]	6724	diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/tracepath.8 iputils-s20101006/doc/tracepath.8
	6725	--- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/tracepath.8 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
	6726	+++ iputils-s20101006/doc/tracepath.8 2011-01-08 20:09:52.154780955 -0500
[8867e46]	6727	@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
	6728	+.\" This manpage has been automatically generated by docbook2man
	6729	+.\" from a DocBook document. This tool can be found at:
	6730	+.\" <http://shell.ipoline.com/~elmert/comp/docbook2X/>
	6731	+.\" Please send any bug reports, improvements, comments, patches,
	6732	+.\" etc. to Steve Cheng <steve@ggi-project.org>.
[ecc1136]	6733	+.TH "TRACEPATH" "8" "08 January 2011" "iputils-101006" "System Manager's Manual: iputils"
[8867e46]	6734	+.SH NAME
	6735	+tracepath, tracepath6 \- traces path to a network host discovering MTU along this path
	6736	+.SH SYNOPSIS
	6737	+
	6738	+\fBtracepath\fR [\fB-n\fR] [\fB-b\fR] [\fB-l \fIpktlen\fB\fR] \fB\fIdestination\fB\fR [\fB\fIport\fB\fR]
	6739	+
	6740	+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
	6741	+.PP
	6742	+It traces path to \fIdestination\fR discovering MTU along this path.
	6743	+It uses UDP port \fIport\fR or some random port.
[ecc1136]	6744	+It is similar to \fBtraceroute\fR, only does not require superuser
[8867e46]	6745	+privileges and has no fancy options.
	6746	+.PP
	6747	+\fBtracepath6\fR is good replacement for \fBtraceroute6\fR
	6748	+and classic example of application of Linux error queues.
	6749	+The situation with IPv4 is worse, because commercial
	6750	+IP routers do not return enough information in icmp error messages.
	6751	+Probably, it will change, when they will be updated.
	6752	+For now it uses Van Jacobson's trick, sweeping a range
	6753	+of UDP ports to maintain trace history.
	6754	+.SH "OPTIONS"
	6755	+.TP
	6756	+\fB-n\fR
	6757	+Print primarily IP addresses numerically.
	6758	+.TP
	6759	+\fB-b\fR
	6760	+Print both of host names and IP addresses.
	6761	+.TP
	6762	+\fB-l\fR
	6763	+Sets the initial packet length to \fIpktlen\fR instead of
	6764	+65536 for \fBtracepath\fR or 128000 for \fBtracepath6\fR.
	6765	+.SH "OUTPUT"
	6766	+.PP
	6767	+
	6768	+.nf
	6769	+root@mops:~ # tracepath6 3ffe:2400:0:109::2
	6770	+ 1?: [LOCALHOST] pmtu 1500
	6771	+ 1: dust.inr.ac.ru 0.411ms
	6772	+ 2: dust.inr.ac.ru asymm 1 0.390ms pmtu 1480
	6773	+ 2: 3ffe:2400:0:109::2 463.514ms reached
	6774	+ Resume: pmtu 1480 hops 2 back 2
	6775	+.fi
	6776	+.PP
	6777	+The first column shows TTL of the probe, followed by colon.
	6778	+Usually value of TTL is obtained from reply from network,
	6779	+but sometimes reply does not contain necessary information and
	6780	+we have to guess it. In this case the number is followed by ?.
	6781	+.PP
	6782	+The second column shows the network hop, which replied to the probe.
	6783	+It is either address of router or word [LOCALHOST], if
	6784	+the probe was not sent to the network.
	6785	+.PP
	6786	+The rest of line shows miscellaneous information about path to
	6787	+the correspinding hetwork hop. As rule it contains value of RTT.
	6788	+Additionally, it can show Path MTU, when it changes.
	6789	+If the path is asymmetric
	6790	+or the probe finishes before it reach prescribed hop, difference
	6791	+between number of hops in forward and backward direction is shown
[ecc1136]	6792	+following keyword async. This information is not reliable.
[8867e46]	6793	+F.e. the third line shows asymmetry of 1, it is because the first probe
	6794	+with TTL of 2 was rejected at the first hop due to Path MTU Discovery.
	6795	+.PP
	6796	+The last line summarizes information about all the path to the destination,
	6797	+it shows detected Path MTU, amount of hops to the destination and our
	6798	+guess about amount of hops from the destination to us, which can be
	6799	+different when the path is asymmetric.
	6800	+.SH "SEE ALSO"
	6801	+.PP
	6802	+\fBtraceroute\fR(8),
	6803	+\fBtraceroute6\fR(8),
	6804	+\fBping\fR(8).
	6805	+.SH "AUTHOR"
	6806	+.PP
	6807	+\fBtracepath\fR was written by
	6808	+Alexey Kuznetsov
	6809	+<kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>.
	6810	+.SH "SECURITY"
	6811	+.PP
	6812	+No security issues.
	6813	+.PP
	6814	+This lapidary deserves to be elaborated.
	6815	+\fBtracepath\fR is not a privileged program, unlike
	6816	+\fBtraceroute\fR, \fBping\fR and other beasts of this kind.
	6817	+\fBtracepath\fR may be executed by everyone who has some access
	6818	+to network, enough to send UDP datagrams to investigated destination
	6819	+using given port.
	6820	+.SH "AVAILABILITY"
	6821	+.PP
	6822	+\fBtracepath\fR is part of \fIiputils\fR package
	6823	+and the latest versions are available in source form at
	6824	+http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2.
[ecc1136]	6825	diff -Naur iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/traceroute6.8 iputils-s20101006/doc/traceroute6.8
	6826	--- iputils-s20101006.orig/doc/traceroute6.8 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
	6827	+++ iputils-s20101006/doc/traceroute6.8 2011-01-08 20:09:52.114781859 -0500
[8867e46]	6828	@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
	6829	+.\" This manpage has been automatically generated by docbook2man
	6830	+.\" from a DocBook document. This tool can be found at:
	6831	+.\" <http://shell.ipoline.com/~elmert/comp/docbook2X/>
	6832	+.\" Please send any bug reports, improvements, comments, patches,
	6833	+.\" etc. to Steve Cheng <steve@ggi-project.org>.
[ecc1136]	6834	+.TH "TRACEROUTE6" "8" "08 January 2011" "iputils-101006" "System Manager's Manual: iputils"
[8867e46]	6835	+.SH NAME
	6836	+traceroute6 \- traces path to a network host
	6837	+.SH SYNOPSIS
	6838	+
	6839	+\fBtraceroute6\fR [\fB-dnrvV\fR] [\fB-i \fIinterface\fB\fR] [\fB-m \fImax_ttl\fB\fR] [\fB-p \fIport\fB\fR] [\fB-q \fImax_probes\fB\fR] [\fB-s \fIsource\fB\fR] [\fB-w \fIwait time\fB\fR] \fB\fIdestination\fB\fR [\fB\fIsize\fB\fR]
	6840	+
	6841	+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
	6842	+.PP
	6843	+Description can be found in
	6844	+\fBtraceroute\fR(8),
	6845	+all the references to IP replaced to IPv6. It is needless to copy
	6846	+the description from there.
	6847	+.SH "SEE ALSO"
	6848	+.PP
	6849	+\fBtraceroute\fR(8),
	6850	+\fBtracepath\fR(8),
	6851	+\fBping\fR(8).
	6852	+.SH "HISTORY"
	6853	+.PP
	6854	+This program has long history. Author of \fBtraceroute\fR
	6855	+is Van Jacobson and it first appeared in 1988. This clone is
	6856	+based on a port of \fBtraceroute\fR to IPv6 published
	6857	+in NRL IPv6 distribution in 1996. In turn, it was ported
	6858	+to Linux by Pedro Roque. After this it was kept in sync by
	6859	+Alexey Kuznetsov
	6860	+<kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>. And eventually entered
	6861	+\fBiputils\fR package.
	6862	+.SH "SECURITY"
	6863	+.PP
	6864	+\fBtracepath6\fR requires CAP_NET_RAWIO capability
	6865	+to be executed. It is safe to be used as set-uid root.
	6866	+.SH "AVAILABILITY"
	6867	+.PP
	6868	+\fBtraceroute6\fR is part of \fIiputils\fR package
	6869	+and the latest versions are available in source form at
	6870	+http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2.

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