source: clfs-embedded/BOOK/final-preps/creatingdirs.xml@ 38eeea5

Last change on this file since 38eeea5 was a708ff6, checked in by Maarten Lankhorst <m.b.lankhorst@…>, 18 years ago

This directory is needed in system prep

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-final-preps-creatingdirs">
9 <?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html"?>
10
11 <title>Creating Directories</title>
12
13 <para>It is time to create some structure in the CLFS file system. Create a
14 standard directory tree by issuing the following commands:</para>
15
16<screen><userinput>mkdir -pv ${CLFS}/{bin,boot,dev,{etc/,}opt,home,lib,mnt}
17mkdir -pv ${CLFS}/{proc,media/{floppy,cdrom},sbin,srv,sys}
18mkdir -pv ${CLFS}/var/{lock,log,mail,run,spool}
19mkdir -pv ${CLFS}/var/{opt,cache,lib/{misc,locate},local}
20install -dv -m 0750 ${CLFS}/root
21install -dv -m 1777 ${CLFS}{/var,}/tmp
22mkdir -pv ${CLFS}/usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}
23mkdir -pv ${CLFS}/usr/{,local/}share/{doc,info,locale,man}
24mkdir -pv ${CLFS}/usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
25mkdir -pv ${CLFS}/usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
26mkdir -pv ${CLFS}/cross-tools{,/bin}
27for dir in ${CLFS}/usr{,/local}; do
28 ln -sv share/{man,doc,info} ${dir}
29done</userinput></screen>
30
31 <para>Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755, but
32 this is not desirable for all directories. In the commands above, two
33 changes are made&mdash;one to the home directory of user <systemitem
34 class="username">root</systemitem>, and another to the directories for
35 temporary files.</para>
36
37 <para>The first mode change ensures that not just anybody can enter
38 the <filename class="directory">/root</filename> directory&mdash;the
39 same as a normal user would do with his or her home directory. The
40 second mode change makes sure that any user can write to the
41 <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename> and <filename
42 class="directory">/var/tmp</filename> directories, but cannot remove
43 another user's files from them. The latter is prohibited by the so-called
44 <quote>sticky bit,</quote> the highest bit (1) in the 1777 bit mask.</para>
45
46 <sect2>
47 <title>FHS Compliance Note</title>
48
49 <para>The directory tree is based on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)
50 (available at <ulink url="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/"/>). In addition to
51 the FHS, we create compatibility symlinks for the <filename
52 class="directory">man</filename>, <filename
53 class="directory">doc</filename>, and <filename
54 class="directory">info</filename> directories since many packages still try
55 to install their documentation into <filename
56 class="directory">/usr/&lt;directory&gt;</filename> or <filename
57 class="directory">/usr/local/&lt;directory&gt;</filename> as opposed to
58 <filename class="directory">/usr/share/&lt;directory&gt;</filename> or
59 <filename class="directory">/usr/local/share/&lt;directory&gt;</filename>.
60 The FHS also stipulates the existence of <filename
61 class="directory">/usr/local/games</filename> and <filename
62 class="directory">/usr/share/games</filename>. The FHS is not precise as to
63 the structure of the <filename class="directory">/usr/local/share</filename>
64 subdirectory, so we create only the directories that are needed. However,
65 feel free to create these directories if you prefer to conform more strictly
66 to the FHS.</para>
67
68 </sect2>
69
70</sect1>
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