source: final-system/common/coreutils.xml @ bf8c11f

Last change on this file since bf8c11f was bf8c11f, checked in by Jim Gifford <clfs@…>, 18 years ago

r627@server (orig r625): jim | 2005-10-31 12:59:34 -0800
Import of Cross-LFS Book
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
3  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
4  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5  <!ENTITY % patches-entities SYSTEM "../../patches.ent">
6  %general-entities;
7  %patches-entities;
8]>
9
10<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
11  <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
12
13  <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
14
15  <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
16    <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
17  </indexterm>
18
19  <sect2 role="package">
20    <title/>
21
22    <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
23    basic system characteristics.</para>
24
25    <segmentedlist>
26      <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
27      <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
28
29      <seglistitem>
30        <seg>Not checked yet</seg>
31        <seg>Not checked yet</seg>
32      </seglistitem>
33    </segmentedlist>
34
35    <segmentedlist>
36      <segtitle>&dependencies;</segtitle>
37
38      <seglistitem>
39        <seg>Bash, Binutils, Coreutils, Diffutils, GCC,
40        Gettext, Glibc, Grep, Make, Perl, and Sed</seg>
41      </seglistitem>
42    </segmentedlist>
43
44  </sect2>
45
46  <sect2 role="installation">
47    <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
48
49    <para os="a">Prevent Coreutils from installing binaries that will be
50    installed by other packages:</para>
51
52<screen os="b"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-suppress-patch;</userinput></screen>
53
54    <para os="p1">Apply a patch to improve the POSIX and bash compatibility of echo:</para>
55
56<screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-echo_posix-patch;</userinput></screen>
57
58    <para os="c">Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
59
60<screen os="d"><userinput>DEFAULT_POSIX2_VERSION=199209 ./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput></screen>
61
62    <para os="e">Compile the package:</para>
63
64<screen os="f"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
65
66    <para os="g">The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the
67    presence of system users and groups that are not valid within the minimal
68    environment that exists at the moment. Therefore, additional items need
69    to be set up before running the tests. Skip down to <quote>Install the
70    package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
71
72    <para os="h">Create two <systemitem class="groupname">dummy</systemitem> groups
73    and a <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
74
75<screen os="i"><userinput>echo "dummy1:x:1000:" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
76echo "dummy2:x:1001:dummy" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
77echo "dummy:x:1000:1000:::/bin/bash" &gt;&gt; /etc/passwd</userinput></screen>
78
79    <para os="j">Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run
80    the tests that are meant to be run as user
81    <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
82
83<screen os="k"><userinput>make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=dummy check-root</userinput></screen>
84
85    <para os="l">Then run the remainder of the tests as the
86    <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
87
88<screen os="m"><userinput>src/su dummy -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
89
90    <para os="n">When testing is complete, remove the
91    <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user and groups:</para>
92
93<screen os="o"><userinput>sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/passwd /etc/group</userinput></screen>
94
95    <para os="p">Install the package:</para>
96
97<screen os="q"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
98
99    <para os="r">Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
100
101<screen os="s"><userinput>mv /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
102mv /usr/bin/{false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
103mv /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
104mv /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
105
106    <para os="t">Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
107    <command>head</command> and <command>sleep</command>. As <filename
108    class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the early
109    stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition:</para>
110
111<screen os="u"><userinput>mv /usr/bin/{head,sleep} /bin</userinput></screen>
112
113  </sect2>
114
115  <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
116    <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
117
118    <segmentedlist>
119      <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
120
121      <seglistitem>
122        <seg>basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
123        comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du,
124        echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head,
125        hostid, hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum,
126        mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk, pinky,
127        pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq, sha1sum,
128        shred, sleep, sort, split, stat, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee,
129        test, touch, tr, true, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink,
130        users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
131      </seglistitem>
132    </segmentedlist>
133
134    <variablelist>
135      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
136      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
137      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
138
139      <varlistentry id="basename">
140        <term><command>basename</command></term>
141        <listitem>
142          <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
143          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
144            <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
145          </indexterm>
146        </listitem>
147      </varlistentry>
148
149      <varlistentry id="cat">
150        <term><command>cat</command></term>
151        <listitem>
152          <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
153          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
154            <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
155          </indexterm>
156        </listitem>
157      </varlistentry>
158
159      <varlistentry id="chgrp">
160        <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
161        <listitem>
162          <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
163          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
164            <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
165          </indexterm>
166        </listitem>
167      </varlistentry>
168
169      <varlistentry id="chmod">
170        <term><command>chmod</command></term>
171        <listitem>
172          <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
173          can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
174          octal number representing the new permissions</para>
175          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
176            <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
177          </indexterm>
178        </listitem>
179      </varlistentry>
180
181      <varlistentry id="chown">
182        <term><command>chown</command></term>
183        <listitem>
184          <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
185          directories</para>
186          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
187            <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
188          </indexterm>
189        </listitem>
190      </varlistentry>
191
192      <varlistentry id="chroot">
193        <term><command>chroot</command></term>
194        <listitem>
195          <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
196          <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
197          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
198            <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
199          </indexterm>
200        </listitem>
201      </varlistentry>
202
203      <varlistentry id="cksum">
204        <term><command>cksum</command></term>
205        <listitem>
206          <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
207          counts of each specified file</para>
208          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
209            <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
210          </indexterm>
211        </listitem>
212      </varlistentry>
213
214      <varlistentry id="comm">
215        <term><command>comm</command></term>
216        <listitem>
217          <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
218          that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
219          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
220            <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
221          </indexterm>
222        </listitem>
223      </varlistentry>
224
225      <varlistentry id="cp">
226        <term><command>cp</command></term>
227        <listitem>
228          <para>Copies files</para>
229          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
230            <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
231          </indexterm>
232        </listitem>
233      </varlistentry>
234
235      <varlistentry id="csplit">
236        <term><command>csplit</command></term>
237        <listitem>
238          <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
239          according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
240          count of each new file</para>
241          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
242            <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
243          </indexterm>
244        </listitem>
245      </varlistentry>
246
247      <varlistentry id="cut">
248        <term><command>cut</command></term>
249        <listitem>
250          <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
251          fields or positions</para>
252          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
253            <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
254          </indexterm>
255        </listitem>
256      </varlistentry>
257
258      <varlistentry id="date">
259        <term><command>date</command></term>
260        <listitem>
261          <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
262          system date</para>
263          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
264            <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
265          </indexterm>
266        </listitem>
267      </varlistentry>
268
269      <varlistentry id="dd">
270        <term><command>dd</command> </term>
271        <listitem>
272          <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
273          optionally performing conversions on it</para>
274          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
275            <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
276          </indexterm>
277        </listitem>
278      </varlistentry>
279
280      <varlistentry id="df">
281        <term><command>df</command></term>
282        <listitem>
283          <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
284          mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
285          files</para>
286          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
287            <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
288          </indexterm>
289        </listitem>
290      </varlistentry>
291
292      <varlistentry id="dir">
293        <term><command>dir</command></term>
294        <listitem>
295          <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
296          the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
297          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
298            <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
299          </indexterm>
300        </listitem>
301      </varlistentry>
302
303      <varlistentry id="dircolors">
304        <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
305        <listitem>
306          <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
307          environment variable to change the color scheme used by
308          <command>ls</command></para>
309          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
310            <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
311          </indexterm>
312        </listitem>
313      </varlistentry>
314
315      <varlistentry id="dirname">
316        <term><command>dirname</command></term>
317        <listitem>
318          <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
319          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
320            <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
321          </indexterm>
322        </listitem>
323      </varlistentry>
324
325      <varlistentry id="du">
326        <term><command>du</command></term>
327        <listitem>
328          <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
329          by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
330          each of the given files</para>
331          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
332            <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
333          </indexterm>
334        </listitem>
335      </varlistentry>
336
337      <varlistentry id="echo">
338        <term><command>echo</command></term>
339        <listitem>
340          <para>Displays the given strings</para>
341          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
342            <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
343          </indexterm>
344        </listitem>
345      </varlistentry>
346
347      <varlistentry id="env">
348        <term><command>env</command></term>
349        <listitem>
350          <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
351          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
352            <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
353          </indexterm>
354        </listitem>
355      </varlistentry>
356
357      <varlistentry id="expand">
358        <term><command>expand</command></term>
359        <listitem>
360          <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
361          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
362            <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
363          </indexterm>
364        </listitem>
365      </varlistentry>
366
367      <varlistentry id="expr">
368        <term><command>expr</command></term>
369        <listitem>
370          <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
371          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
372            <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
373          </indexterm>
374        </listitem>
375      </varlistentry>
376
377      <varlistentry id="factor">
378        <term><command>factor</command></term>
379        <listitem>
380          <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
381          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
382            <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
383          </indexterm>
384        </listitem>
385      </varlistentry>
386
387      <varlistentry id="false">
388        <term><command>false</command></term>
389        <listitem>
390          <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
391          indicating failure</para>
392          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
393            <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
394          </indexterm>
395        </listitem>
396      </varlistentry>
397
398      <varlistentry id="fmt">
399        <term><command>fmt</command></term>
400        <listitem>
401          <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
402          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
403            <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
404          </indexterm>
405        </listitem>
406      </varlistentry>
407
408      <varlistentry id="fold">
409        <term><command>fold</command></term>
410        <listitem>
411          <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
412          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
413            <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
414          </indexterm>
415        </listitem>
416      </varlistentry>
417
418      <varlistentry id="groups">
419        <term><command>groups</command></term>
420        <listitem>
421          <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
422          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
423            <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
424          </indexterm>
425        </listitem>
426      </varlistentry>
427
428      <varlistentry id="head">
429        <term><command>head</command></term>
430        <listitem>
431          <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
432          of each given file</para>
433          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
434            <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
435          </indexterm>
436        </listitem>
437      </varlistentry>
438
439      <varlistentry id="hostid">
440        <term><command>hostid</command></term>
441        <listitem>
442          <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
443          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
444            <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
445          </indexterm>
446        </listitem>
447      </varlistentry>
448
449      <varlistentry id="hostname">
450        <term><command>hostname</command></term>
451        <listitem>
452          <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
453          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
454            <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
455          </indexterm>
456        </listitem>
457      </varlistentry>
458
459      <varlistentry id="id">
460        <term><command>id</command></term>
461        <listitem>
462          <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
463          of the current user or specified user</para>
464          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
465            <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
466          </indexterm>
467        </listitem>
468      </varlistentry>
469
470      <varlistentry id="install">
471        <term><command>install</command> </term>
472        <listitem>
473          <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
474          possible, their owner and group</para>
475          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
476            <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
477          </indexterm>
478        </listitem>
479      </varlistentry>
480
481      <varlistentry id="join">
482        <term><command>join</command></term>
483        <listitem>
484          <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
485          separate files</para>
486          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
487            <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
488          </indexterm>
489        </listitem>
490      </varlistentry>
491
492      <varlistentry id="link">
493        <term><command>link</command></term>
494        <listitem>
495          <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
496          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
497            <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
498          </indexterm>
499        </listitem>
500      </varlistentry>
501
502      <varlistentry id="ln">
503        <term><command>ln</command></term>
504        <listitem>
505          <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
506          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
507            <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
508          </indexterm>
509        </listitem>
510      </varlistentry>
511
512      <varlistentry id="logname">
513        <term><command>logname</command></term>
514        <listitem>
515          <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
516          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
517            <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
518          </indexterm>
519        </listitem>
520      </varlistentry>
521
522      <varlistentry id="ls">
523        <term><command>ls</command></term>
524        <listitem>
525          <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
526          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
527            <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
528          </indexterm>
529        </listitem>
530      </varlistentry>
531
532      <varlistentry id="md5sum">
533        <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
534        <listitem>
535          <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
536          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
537            <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
538          </indexterm>
539        </listitem>
540      </varlistentry>
541
542      <varlistentry id="mkdir">
543        <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
544        <listitem>
545          <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
546          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
547            <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
548          </indexterm>
549        </listitem>
550      </varlistentry>
551
552      <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
553        <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
554        <listitem>
555          <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
556          pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
557          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
558            <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
559          </indexterm>
560        </listitem>
561      </varlistentry>
562
563      <varlistentry id="mknod">
564        <term><command>mknod</command></term>
565        <listitem>
566          <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
567          character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
568          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
569            <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
570          </indexterm>
571        </listitem>
572      </varlistentry>
573
574      <varlistentry id="mv">
575        <term><command>mv</command></term>
576        <listitem>
577          <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
578          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
579            <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
580          </indexterm>
581        </listitem>
582      </varlistentry>
583
584      <varlistentry id="nice">
585        <term><command>nice</command></term>
586        <listitem>
587          <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
588          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
589            <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
590          </indexterm>
591        </listitem>
592      </varlistentry>
593
594      <varlistentry id="nl">
595        <term><command>nl</command></term>
596        <listitem>
597          <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
598          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
599            <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
600          </indexterm>
601        </listitem>
602      </varlistentry>
603
604      <varlistentry id="nohup">
605        <term><command>nohup</command></term>
606        <listitem>
607          <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
608          a log file</para>
609          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
610            <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
611          </indexterm>
612        </listitem>
613      </varlistentry>
614
615      <varlistentry id="od">
616        <term><command>od</command></term>
617        <listitem>
618          <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
619          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
620            <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
621          </indexterm>
622        </listitem>
623      </varlistentry>
624
625      <varlistentry id="paste">
626        <term><command>paste</command></term>
627        <listitem>
628          <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
629          side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
630          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
631            <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
632          </indexterm>
633        </listitem>
634      </varlistentry>
635
636      <varlistentry id="pathchk">
637        <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
638        <listitem>
639          <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
640          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
641            <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
642          </indexterm>
643        </listitem>
644      </varlistentry>
645
646      <varlistentry id="pinky">
647        <term><command>pinky</command></term>
648        <listitem>
649          <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
650          about the given users</para>
651          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
652            <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
653          </indexterm>
654        </listitem>
655      </varlistentry>
656
657      <varlistentry id="pr">
658        <term><command>pr</command></term>
659        <listitem>
660          <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
661          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
662            <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
663          </indexterm>
664        </listitem>
665      </varlistentry>
666
667      <varlistentry id="printenv">
668        <term><command>printenv</command></term>
669        <listitem>
670          <para>Prints the environment</para>
671          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
672            <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
673          </indexterm>
674        </listitem>
675      </varlistentry>
676
677      <varlistentry id="printf">
678        <term><command>printf</command></term>
679        <listitem>
680          <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
681          like the C printf function</para>
682          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
683            <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
684          </indexterm>
685        </listitem>
686      </varlistentry>
687
688      <varlistentry id="ptx">
689        <term><command>ptx</command></term>
690        <listitem>
691          <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
692          with each keyword in its context</para>
693          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
694            <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
695          </indexterm>
696        </listitem>
697      </varlistentry>
698
699      <varlistentry id="pwd">
700        <term><command>pwd</command></term>
701        <listitem>
702          <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
703          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
704            <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
705          </indexterm>
706        </listitem>
707      </varlistentry>
708
709      <varlistentry id="readlink">
710        <term><command>readlink</command></term>
711        <listitem>
712          <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
713          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
714            <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
715          </indexterm>
716        </listitem>
717      </varlistentry>
718
719      <varlistentry id="rm">
720        <term><command>rm</command></term>
721        <listitem>
722          <para>Removes files or directories</para>
723          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
724            <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
725          </indexterm>
726        </listitem>
727      </varlistentry>
728
729      <varlistentry id="rmdir">
730        <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
731        <listitem>
732          <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
733          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
734            <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
735          </indexterm>
736        </listitem>
737      </varlistentry>
738
739      <varlistentry id="seq">
740        <term><command>seq</command></term>
741        <listitem>
742          <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
743          given increment</para>
744          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
745            <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
746          </indexterm>
747        </listitem>
748      </varlistentry>
749
750      <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
751        <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
752        <listitem>
753          <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
754          checksums</para>
755          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
756            <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
757          </indexterm>
758        </listitem>
759      </varlistentry>
760
761      <varlistentry id="shred">
762        <term><command>shred</command></term>
763        <listitem>
764          <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
765          making it difficult to recover the data</para>
766          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
767            <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
768          </indexterm>
769        </listitem>
770      </varlistentry>
771
772      <varlistentry id="sleep">
773        <term><command>sleep</command></term>
774        <listitem>
775          <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
776          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
777            <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
778          </indexterm>
779        </listitem>
780      </varlistentry>
781
782      <varlistentry id="sort">
783        <term><command>sort</command></term>
784        <listitem>
785          <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
786          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
787            <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
788          </indexterm>
789        </listitem>
790      </varlistentry>
791
792      <varlistentry id="split">
793        <term><command>split</command></term>
794        <listitem>
795          <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
796          lines</para>
797          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
798            <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
799          </indexterm>
800        </listitem>
801      </varlistentry>
802
803      <varlistentry id="stat">
804        <term><command>stat</command></term>
805        <listitem>
806          <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
807          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
808            <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
809          </indexterm>
810        </listitem>
811      </varlistentry>
812
813      <varlistentry id="stty">
814        <term><command>stty</command></term>
815        <listitem>
816          <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
817          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
818            <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
819          </indexterm>
820        </listitem>
821      </varlistentry>
822
823      <varlistentry id="sum">
824        <term><command>sum</command></term>
825        <listitem>
826          <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
827          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
828            <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
829          </indexterm>
830        </listitem>
831      </varlistentry>
832
833      <varlistentry id="sync">
834        <term><command>sync</command></term>
835        <listitem>
836          <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
837          and updates the super block</para>
838          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
839            <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
840          </indexterm>
841        </listitem>
842      </varlistentry>
843
844      <varlistentry id="tac">
845        <term><command>tac</command></term>
846        <listitem>
847          <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
848          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
849            <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
850          </indexterm>
851        </listitem>
852      </varlistentry>
853
854      <varlistentry id="tail">
855        <term><command>tail</command></term>
856        <listitem>
857          <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
858          given file</para>
859          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
860            <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
861          </indexterm>
862        </listitem>
863      </varlistentry>
864
865      <varlistentry id="tee">
866        <term><command>tee</command></term>
867        <listitem>
868          <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
869          and to the given files</para>
870          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
871            <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
872          </indexterm>
873        </listitem>
874      </varlistentry>
875
876      <varlistentry id="test">
877        <term><command>test</command></term>
878        <listitem>
879          <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
880          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
881            <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
882          </indexterm>
883        </listitem>
884      </varlistentry>
885
886      <varlistentry id="touch">
887        <term><command>touch</command></term>
888        <listitem>
889          <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
890          times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
891          are created with zero length</para>
892          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
893            <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
894          </indexterm>
895        </listitem>
896      </varlistentry>
897
898      <varlistentry id="tr">
899        <term><command>tr</command></term>
900        <listitem>
901          <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
902          standard input</para>
903          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
904            <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
905          </indexterm>
906        </listitem>
907      </varlistentry>
908
909      <varlistentry id="true">
910        <term><command>true</command></term>
911        <listitem>
912          <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
913          indicating success</para>
914          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
915            <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
916          </indexterm>
917        </listitem>
918      </varlistentry>
919
920      <varlistentry id="tsort">
921        <term><command>tsort</command></term>
922        <listitem>
923          <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
924          according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
925          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
926            <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
927          </indexterm>
928        </listitem>
929      </varlistentry>
930
931      <varlistentry id="tty">
932        <term><command>tty</command></term>
933        <listitem>
934          <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
935          input</para>
936          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
937            <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
938          </indexterm>
939        </listitem>
940      </varlistentry>
941
942      <varlistentry id="uname">
943        <term><command>uname</command></term>
944        <listitem>
945          <para>Reports system information</para>
946          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
947            <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
948          </indexterm>
949        </listitem>
950      </varlistentry>
951
952      <varlistentry id="unexpand">
953        <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
954        <listitem>
955          <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
956          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
957            <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
958          </indexterm>
959        </listitem>
960      </varlistentry>
961
962      <varlistentry id="uniq">
963        <term><command>uniq</command></term>
964        <listitem>
965          <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
966          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
967            <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
968          </indexterm>
969        </listitem>
970      </varlistentry>
971
972      <varlistentry id="unlink">
973        <term><command>unlink</command></term>
974        <listitem>
975          <para>Removes the given file</para>
976          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
977            <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
978          </indexterm>
979        </listitem>
980      </varlistentry>
981
982      <varlistentry id="users">
983        <term><command>users</command></term>
984        <listitem>
985          <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
986          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
987            <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
988          </indexterm>
989        </listitem>
990      </varlistentry>
991
992      <varlistentry id="vdir">
993        <term><command>vdir</command></term>
994        <listitem>
995          <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
996          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
997            <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
998          </indexterm>
999        </listitem>
1000      </varlistentry>
1001
1002      <varlistentry id="wc">
1003        <term><command>wc</command></term>
1004        <listitem>
1005          <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1006          file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1007          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1008            <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1009          </indexterm>
1010        </listitem>
1011      </varlistentry>
1012
1013      <varlistentry id="who">
1014        <term><command>who</command></term>
1015        <listitem>
1016          <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1017          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1018            <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1019          </indexterm>
1020        </listitem>
1021      </varlistentry>
1022
1023      <varlistentry id="whoami">
1024        <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1025        <listitem>
1026          <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1027          user ID</para>
1028          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1029            <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1030          </indexterm>
1031        </listitem>
1032      </varlistentry>
1033
1034      <varlistentry id="yes">
1035        <term><command>yes</command></term>
1036        <listitem>
1037          <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1038          killed</para>
1039          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1040            <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1041          </indexterm>
1042        </listitem>
1043      </varlistentry>
1044
1045    </variablelist>
1046
1047  </sect2>
1048
1049</sect1>
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