source: final-system/common/coreutils.xml@ 0b09603

Last change on this file since 0b09603 was dd9906e, checked in by Jim Gifford <clfs@…>, 19 years ago

r1167@server (orig r1165): chris | 2006-02-11 08:13:02 -0800
Added -v to commands in the rest of the book
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 35.3 KB
RevLine 
[bf8c11f]1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
14 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
15 </indexterm>
16
17 <sect2 role="package">
18 <title/>
19
20 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
21 basic system characteristics.</para>
22
23 <segmentedlist>
24 <segtitle>&dependencies;</segtitle>
25
26 <seglistitem>
27 <seg>Bash, Binutils, Coreutils, Diffutils, GCC,
[0636f6c]28 Gettext, Glibc, Grep, Make, Patch, Perl, and Sed</seg>
[bf8c11f]29 </seglistitem>
30 </segmentedlist>
31
32 </sect2>
33
34 <sect2 role="installation">
35 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
36
37 <para os="a">Prevent Coreutils from installing binaries that will be
38 installed by other packages:</para>
39
40<screen os="b"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-suppress-patch;</userinput></screen>
41
42 <para os="c">Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
43
[420e0cd]44<screen os="d"><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput></screen>
[bf8c11f]45
46 <para os="e">Compile the package:</para>
47
48<screen os="f"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
49
50 <para os="g">The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the
51 presence of system users and groups that are not valid within the minimal
52 environment that exists at the moment. Therefore, additional items need
53 to be set up before running the tests. Skip down to <quote>Install the
54 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
55
56 <para os="h">Create two <systemitem class="groupname">dummy</systemitem> groups
57 and a <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
58
59<screen os="i"><userinput>echo "dummy1:x:1000:" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
60echo "dummy2:x:1001:dummy" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
[7102ce2]61echo "dummy:x:1000:1000::/root:/bin/bash" &gt;&gt; /etc/passwd</userinput></screen>
[bf8c11f]62
63 <para os="j">Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run
64 the tests that are meant to be run as user
65 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
66
67<screen os="k"><userinput>make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=dummy check-root</userinput></screen>
68
69 <para os="l">Then run the remainder of the tests as the
70 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
71
72<screen os="m"><userinput>src/su dummy -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
73
74 <para os="n">When testing is complete, remove the
75 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user and groups:</para>
76
77<screen os="o"><userinput>sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/passwd /etc/group</userinput></screen>
78
79 <para os="p">Install the package:</para>
80
81<screen os="q"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
82
83 <para os="r">Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
84
[dd9906e]85<screen os="s"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{[,basename,cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp} /bin
86mv -v /usr/bin/{date,dd,df,echo,false,hostname,install,ln} /bin
87mv -v /usr/bin/{ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,nice,pwd,readlink,rm,rmdir,sync} /bin
88mv -v /usr/bin/{stty,test,touch,true,uname} /bin
89mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
90ln -svf ../../bin/install /usr/bin</userinput></screen>
[bf8c11f]91
92 <para os="t">Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
93 <command>head</command> and <command>sleep</command>. As <filename
94 class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the early
95 stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition:</para>
96
97<screen os="u"><userinput>mv /usr/bin/{head,sleep} /bin</userinput></screen>
98
99 </sect2>
100
101 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
102 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
103
104 <segmentedlist>
105 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
106
107 <seglistitem>
108 <seg>basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
109 comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du,
110 echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head,
111 hostid, hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum,
112 mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk, pinky,
113 pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq, sha1sum,
114 shred, sleep, sort, split, stat, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee,
115 test, touch, tr, true, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink,
116 users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
117 </seglistitem>
118 </segmentedlist>
119
120 <variablelist>
121 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
122 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
123 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
124
125 <varlistentry id="basename">
126 <term><command>basename</command></term>
127 <listitem>
128 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
129 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
130 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
131 </indexterm>
132 </listitem>
133 </varlistentry>
134
135 <varlistentry id="cat">
136 <term><command>cat</command></term>
137 <listitem>
138 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
139 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
140 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
141 </indexterm>
142 </listitem>
143 </varlistentry>
144
145 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
146 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
147 <listitem>
148 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
149 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
150 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
151 </indexterm>
152 </listitem>
153 </varlistentry>
154
155 <varlistentry id="chmod">
156 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
157 <listitem>
158 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
159 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
160 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
161 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
162 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
163 </indexterm>
164 </listitem>
165 </varlistentry>
166
167 <varlistentry id="chown">
168 <term><command>chown</command></term>
169 <listitem>
170 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
171 directories</para>
172 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
173 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
174 </indexterm>
175 </listitem>
176 </varlistentry>
177
178 <varlistentry id="chroot">
179 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
180 <listitem>
181 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
182 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
183 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
184 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
185 </indexterm>
186 </listitem>
187 </varlistentry>
188
189 <varlistentry id="cksum">
190 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
191 <listitem>
192 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
193 counts of each specified file</para>
194 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
195 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
196 </indexterm>
197 </listitem>
198 </varlistentry>
199
200 <varlistentry id="comm">
201 <term><command>comm</command></term>
202 <listitem>
203 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
204 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
205 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
206 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
207 </indexterm>
208 </listitem>
209 </varlistentry>
210
211 <varlistentry id="cp">
212 <term><command>cp</command></term>
213 <listitem>
214 <para>Copies files</para>
215 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
216 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
217 </indexterm>
218 </listitem>
219 </varlistentry>
220
221 <varlistentry id="csplit">
222 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
223 <listitem>
224 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
225 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
226 count of each new file</para>
227 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
228 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
229 </indexterm>
230 </listitem>
231 </varlistentry>
232
233 <varlistentry id="cut">
234 <term><command>cut</command></term>
235 <listitem>
236 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
237 fields or positions</para>
238 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
239 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
240 </indexterm>
241 </listitem>
242 </varlistentry>
243
244 <varlistentry id="date">
245 <term><command>date</command></term>
246 <listitem>
247 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
248 system date</para>
249 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
250 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
251 </indexterm>
252 </listitem>
253 </varlistentry>
254
255 <varlistentry id="dd">
256 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
257 <listitem>
258 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
259 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
260 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
261 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
262 </indexterm>
263 </listitem>
264 </varlistentry>
265
266 <varlistentry id="df">
267 <term><command>df</command></term>
268 <listitem>
269 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
270 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
271 files</para>
272 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
273 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
274 </indexterm>
275 </listitem>
276 </varlistentry>
277
278 <varlistentry id="dir">
279 <term><command>dir</command></term>
280 <listitem>
281 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
282 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
283 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
284 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
285 </indexterm>
286 </listitem>
287 </varlistentry>
288
289 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
290 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
291 <listitem>
292 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
293 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
294 <command>ls</command></para>
295 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
296 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
297 </indexterm>
298 </listitem>
299 </varlistentry>
300
301 <varlistentry id="dirname">
302 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
303 <listitem>
304 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
305 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
306 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
307 </indexterm>
308 </listitem>
309 </varlistentry>
310
311 <varlistentry id="du">
312 <term><command>du</command></term>
313 <listitem>
314 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
315 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
316 each of the given files</para>
317 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
318 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
319 </indexterm>
320 </listitem>
321 </varlistentry>
322
323 <varlistentry id="echo">
324 <term><command>echo</command></term>
325 <listitem>
326 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
327 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
328 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
329 </indexterm>
330 </listitem>
331 </varlistentry>
332
333 <varlistentry id="env">
334 <term><command>env</command></term>
335 <listitem>
336 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
337 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
338 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
339 </indexterm>
340 </listitem>
341 </varlistentry>
342
343 <varlistentry id="expand">
344 <term><command>expand</command></term>
345 <listitem>
346 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
347 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
348 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
349 </indexterm>
350 </listitem>
351 </varlistentry>
352
353 <varlistentry id="expr">
354 <term><command>expr</command></term>
355 <listitem>
356 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
357 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
358 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
359 </indexterm>
360 </listitem>
361 </varlistentry>
362
363 <varlistentry id="factor">
364 <term><command>factor</command></term>
365 <listitem>
366 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
367 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
368 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
369 </indexterm>
370 </listitem>
371 </varlistentry>
372
373 <varlistentry id="false">
374 <term><command>false</command></term>
375 <listitem>
376 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
377 indicating failure</para>
378 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
379 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
380 </indexterm>
381 </listitem>
382 </varlistentry>
383
384 <varlistentry id="fmt">
385 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
386 <listitem>
387 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
388 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
389 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
390 </indexterm>
391 </listitem>
392 </varlistentry>
393
394 <varlistentry id="fold">
395 <term><command>fold</command></term>
396 <listitem>
397 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
398 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
399 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
400 </indexterm>
401 </listitem>
402 </varlistentry>
403
404 <varlistentry id="groups">
405 <term><command>groups</command></term>
406 <listitem>
407 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
408 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
409 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
410 </indexterm>
411 </listitem>
412 </varlistentry>
413
414 <varlistentry id="head">
415 <term><command>head</command></term>
416 <listitem>
417 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
418 of each given file</para>
419 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
420 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
421 </indexterm>
422 </listitem>
423 </varlistentry>
424
425 <varlistentry id="hostid">
426 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
427 <listitem>
428 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
429 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
430 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
431 </indexterm>
432 </listitem>
433 </varlistentry>
434
435 <varlistentry id="hostname">
436 <term><command>hostname</command></term>
437 <listitem>
438 <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
439 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
440 <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
441 </indexterm>
442 </listitem>
443 </varlistentry>
444
445 <varlistentry id="id">
446 <term><command>id</command></term>
447 <listitem>
448 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
449 of the current user or specified user</para>
450 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
451 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
452 </indexterm>
453 </listitem>
454 </varlistentry>
455
456 <varlistentry id="install">
457 <term><command>install</command> </term>
458 <listitem>
459 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
460 possible, their owner and group</para>
461 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
462 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
463 </indexterm>
464 </listitem>
465 </varlistentry>
466
467 <varlistentry id="join">
468 <term><command>join</command></term>
469 <listitem>
470 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
471 separate files</para>
472 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
473 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
474 </indexterm>
475 </listitem>
476 </varlistentry>
477
478 <varlistentry id="link">
479 <term><command>link</command></term>
480 <listitem>
481 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
482 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
483 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
484 </indexterm>
485 </listitem>
486 </varlistentry>
487
488 <varlistentry id="ln">
489 <term><command>ln</command></term>
490 <listitem>
491 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
492 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
493 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
494 </indexterm>
495 </listitem>
496 </varlistentry>
497
498 <varlistentry id="logname">
499 <term><command>logname</command></term>
500 <listitem>
501 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
502 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
503 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
504 </indexterm>
505 </listitem>
506 </varlistentry>
507
508 <varlistentry id="ls">
509 <term><command>ls</command></term>
510 <listitem>
511 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
512 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
513 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
514 </indexterm>
515 </listitem>
516 </varlistentry>
517
518 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
519 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
520 <listitem>
521 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
522 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
523 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
524 </indexterm>
525 </listitem>
526 </varlistentry>
527
528 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
529 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
530 <listitem>
531 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
532 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
533 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
534 </indexterm>
535 </listitem>
536 </varlistentry>
537
538 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
539 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
540 <listitem>
541 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
542 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
543 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
544 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
545 </indexterm>
546 </listitem>
547 </varlistentry>
548
549 <varlistentry id="mknod">
550 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
551 <listitem>
552 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
553 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
554 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
555 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
556 </indexterm>
557 </listitem>
558 </varlistentry>
559
560 <varlistentry id="mv">
561 <term><command>mv</command></term>
562 <listitem>
563 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
564 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
565 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
566 </indexterm>
567 </listitem>
568 </varlistentry>
569
570 <varlistentry id="nice">
571 <term><command>nice</command></term>
572 <listitem>
573 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
574 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
575 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
576 </indexterm>
577 </listitem>
578 </varlistentry>
579
580 <varlistentry id="nl">
581 <term><command>nl</command></term>
582 <listitem>
583 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
584 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
585 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
586 </indexterm>
587 </listitem>
588 </varlistentry>
589
590 <varlistentry id="nohup">
591 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
592 <listitem>
593 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
594 a log file</para>
595 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
596 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
597 </indexterm>
598 </listitem>
599 </varlistentry>
600
601 <varlistentry id="od">
602 <term><command>od</command></term>
603 <listitem>
604 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
605 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
606 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
607 </indexterm>
608 </listitem>
609 </varlistentry>
610
611 <varlistentry id="paste">
612 <term><command>paste</command></term>
613 <listitem>
614 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
615 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
616 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
617 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
618 </indexterm>
619 </listitem>
620 </varlistentry>
621
622 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
623 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
624 <listitem>
625 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
626 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
627 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
628 </indexterm>
629 </listitem>
630 </varlistentry>
631
632 <varlistentry id="pinky">
633 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
634 <listitem>
635 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
636 about the given users</para>
637 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
638 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
639 </indexterm>
640 </listitem>
641 </varlistentry>
642
643 <varlistentry id="pr">
644 <term><command>pr</command></term>
645 <listitem>
646 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
647 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
648 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
649 </indexterm>
650 </listitem>
651 </varlistentry>
652
653 <varlistentry id="printenv">
654 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
655 <listitem>
656 <para>Prints the environment</para>
657 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
658 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
659 </indexterm>
660 </listitem>
661 </varlistentry>
662
663 <varlistentry id="printf">
664 <term><command>printf</command></term>
665 <listitem>
666 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
667 like the C printf function</para>
668 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
669 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
670 </indexterm>
671 </listitem>
672 </varlistentry>
673
674 <varlistentry id="ptx">
675 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
676 <listitem>
677 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
678 with each keyword in its context</para>
679 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
680 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
681 </indexterm>
682 </listitem>
683 </varlistentry>
684
685 <varlistentry id="pwd">
686 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
687 <listitem>
688 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
689 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
690 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
691 </indexterm>
692 </listitem>
693 </varlistentry>
694
695 <varlistentry id="readlink">
696 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
697 <listitem>
698 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
699 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
700 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
701 </indexterm>
702 </listitem>
703 </varlistentry>
704
705 <varlistentry id="rm">
706 <term><command>rm</command></term>
707 <listitem>
708 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
709 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
710 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
711 </indexterm>
712 </listitem>
713 </varlistentry>
714
715 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
716 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
717 <listitem>
718 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
719 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
720 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
721 </indexterm>
722 </listitem>
723 </varlistentry>
724
725 <varlistentry id="seq">
726 <term><command>seq</command></term>
727 <listitem>
728 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
729 given increment</para>
730 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
731 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
732 </indexterm>
733 </listitem>
734 </varlistentry>
735
736 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
737 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
738 <listitem>
739 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
740 checksums</para>
741 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
742 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
743 </indexterm>
744 </listitem>
745 </varlistentry>
746
747 <varlistentry id="shred">
748 <term><command>shred</command></term>
749 <listitem>
750 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
751 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
752 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
753 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
754 </indexterm>
755 </listitem>
756 </varlistentry>
757
758 <varlistentry id="sleep">
759 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
760 <listitem>
761 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
762 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
763 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
764 </indexterm>
765 </listitem>
766 </varlistentry>
767
768 <varlistentry id="sort">
769 <term><command>sort</command></term>
770 <listitem>
771 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
772 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
773 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
774 </indexterm>
775 </listitem>
776 </varlistentry>
777
778 <varlistentry id="split">
779 <term><command>split</command></term>
780 <listitem>
781 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
782 lines</para>
783 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
784 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
785 </indexterm>
786 </listitem>
787 </varlistentry>
788
789 <varlistentry id="stat">
790 <term><command>stat</command></term>
791 <listitem>
792 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
793 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
794 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
795 </indexterm>
796 </listitem>
797 </varlistentry>
798
799 <varlistentry id="stty">
800 <term><command>stty</command></term>
801 <listitem>
802 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
803 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
804 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
805 </indexterm>
806 </listitem>
807 </varlistentry>
808
809 <varlistentry id="sum">
810 <term><command>sum</command></term>
811 <listitem>
812 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
813 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
814 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
815 </indexterm>
816 </listitem>
817 </varlistentry>
818
819 <varlistentry id="sync">
820 <term><command>sync</command></term>
821 <listitem>
822 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
823 and updates the super block</para>
824 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
825 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
826 </indexterm>
827 </listitem>
828 </varlistentry>
829
830 <varlistentry id="tac">
831 <term><command>tac</command></term>
832 <listitem>
833 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
834 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
835 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
836 </indexterm>
837 </listitem>
838 </varlistentry>
839
840 <varlistentry id="tail">
841 <term><command>tail</command></term>
842 <listitem>
843 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
844 given file</para>
845 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
846 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
847 </indexterm>
848 </listitem>
849 </varlistentry>
850
851 <varlistentry id="tee">
852 <term><command>tee</command></term>
853 <listitem>
854 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
855 and to the given files</para>
856 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
857 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
858 </indexterm>
859 </listitem>
860 </varlistentry>
861
862 <varlistentry id="test">
863 <term><command>test</command></term>
864 <listitem>
865 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
866 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
867 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
868 </indexterm>
869 </listitem>
870 </varlistentry>
871
872 <varlistentry id="touch">
873 <term><command>touch</command></term>
874 <listitem>
875 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
876 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
877 are created with zero length</para>
878 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
879 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
880 </indexterm>
881 </listitem>
882 </varlistentry>
883
884 <varlistentry id="tr">
885 <term><command>tr</command></term>
886 <listitem>
887 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
888 standard input</para>
889 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
890 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
891 </indexterm>
892 </listitem>
893 </varlistentry>
894
895 <varlistentry id="true">
896 <term><command>true</command></term>
897 <listitem>
898 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
899 indicating success</para>
900 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
901 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
902 </indexterm>
903 </listitem>
904 </varlistentry>
905
906 <varlistentry id="tsort">
907 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
908 <listitem>
909 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
910 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
911 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
912 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
913 </indexterm>
914 </listitem>
915 </varlistentry>
916
917 <varlistentry id="tty">
918 <term><command>tty</command></term>
919 <listitem>
920 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
921 input</para>
922 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
923 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
924 </indexterm>
925 </listitem>
926 </varlistentry>
927
928 <varlistentry id="uname">
929 <term><command>uname</command></term>
930 <listitem>
931 <para>Reports system information</para>
932 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
933 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
934 </indexterm>
935 </listitem>
936 </varlistentry>
937
938 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
939 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
940 <listitem>
941 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
942 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
943 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
944 </indexterm>
945 </listitem>
946 </varlistentry>
947
948 <varlistentry id="uniq">
949 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
950 <listitem>
951 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
952 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
953 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
954 </indexterm>
955 </listitem>
956 </varlistentry>
957
958 <varlistentry id="unlink">
959 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
960 <listitem>
961 <para>Removes the given file</para>
962 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
963 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
964 </indexterm>
965 </listitem>
966 </varlistentry>
967
968 <varlistentry id="users">
969 <term><command>users</command></term>
970 <listitem>
971 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
972 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
973 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
974 </indexterm>
975 </listitem>
976 </varlistentry>
977
978 <varlistentry id="vdir">
979 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
980 <listitem>
981 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
982 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
983 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
984 </indexterm>
985 </listitem>
986 </varlistentry>
987
988 <varlistentry id="wc">
989 <term><command>wc</command></term>
990 <listitem>
991 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
992 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
993 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
994 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
995 </indexterm>
996 </listitem>
997 </varlistentry>
998
999 <varlistentry id="who">
1000 <term><command>who</command></term>
1001 <listitem>
1002 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1003 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1004 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1005 </indexterm>
1006 </listitem>
1007 </varlistentry>
1008
1009 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1010 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1011 <listitem>
1012 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1013 user ID</para>
1014 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1015 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1016 </indexterm>
1017 </listitem>
1018 </varlistentry>
1019
1020 <varlistentry id="yes">
1021 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1022 <listitem>
1023 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1024 killed</para>
1025 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1026 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1027 </indexterm>
1028 </listitem>
1029 </varlistentry>
1030
1031 </variablelist>
1032
1033 </sect2>
1034
1035</sect1>
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