1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> |
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" |
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [ |
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent"> |
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5 | %general-entities; |
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6 | ]> |
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7 | |
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8 | <sect1 id="ch-final-preps-addinguser"> |
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9 | <?dbhtml filename="addinguser.html"?> |
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10 | |
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11 | <title>Adding the LFS User</title> |
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12 | |
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13 | <para>When logged in as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, |
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14 | making a single mistake can damage or destroy a system. Therefore, we |
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15 | recommend building the packages as an unprivileged user. |
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16 | You could use your own user name, but to make it easier to set up a clean |
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17 | work environment, create a new user called <systemitem |
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18 | class="username">lfs</systemitem> as a member of a new group (also named |
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19 | <systemitem class="groupname">lfs</systemitem>) and use this user during |
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20 | the installation process. As <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, |
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21 | issue the following commands to add the new user:</para> |
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22 | |
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23 | <screen><userinput>groupadd lfs |
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24 | useradd -s /bin/bash -g lfs -m -k /dev/null lfs</userinput></screen> |
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25 | |
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26 | <variablelist> |
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27 | <title>The meaning of the command line options:</title> |
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28 | |
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29 | <varlistentry> |
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30 | <term><parameter>-s /bin/bash</parameter></term> |
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31 | <listitem> |
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32 | <para>This makes <command>bash</command> the default shell for |
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33 | user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>.</para> |
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34 | </listitem> |
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35 | </varlistentry> |
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36 | |
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37 | <varlistentry> |
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38 | <term><parameter>-g lfs</parameter></term> |
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39 | <listitem> |
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40 | <para>This option adds user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> |
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41 | to group <systemitem class="groupname">lfs</systemitem>.</para> |
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42 | </listitem> |
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43 | </varlistentry> |
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44 | |
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45 | <varlistentry> |
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46 | <term><parameter>-m</parameter></term> |
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47 | <listitem> |
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48 | <para>This creates a home directory for <systemitem |
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49 | class="username">lfs</systemitem>.</para> |
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50 | </listitem> |
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51 | </varlistentry> |
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52 | |
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53 | <varlistentry> |
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54 | <term><parameter>-k /dev/null</parameter></term> |
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55 | <listitem> |
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56 | <para>This parameter prevents possible copying of files from a skeleton |
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57 | directory (default is <filename class="directory">/etc/skel</filename>) |
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58 | by changing the input location to the special null device.</para> |
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59 | </listitem> |
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60 | </varlistentry> |
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61 | |
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62 | <varlistentry> |
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63 | <term><parameter>lfs</parameter></term> |
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64 | <listitem> |
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65 | <para>This is the actual name for the created group and user.</para> |
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66 | </listitem> |
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67 | </varlistentry> |
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68 | |
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69 | </variablelist> |
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70 | |
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71 | <para>To log in as <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> (as |
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72 | opposed to switching to user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> |
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73 | when logged in as <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, which |
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74 | does not require the <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> user |
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75 | to have a password), give <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> |
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76 | a password:</para> |
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77 | |
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78 | <screen><userinput>passwd lfs</userinput></screen> |
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79 | |
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80 | <para>Grant <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> full access to |
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81 | <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename>, |
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82 | <filename class="directory">$LFS/cross-tools</filename>, |
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83 | and <filename class="directory">$LFS/tools</filename> by making <systemitem |
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84 | class="username">lfs</systemitem> the directorys' owner:</para> |
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85 | |
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86 | <screen><userinput>chown -v lfs $LFS/tools |
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87 | chown -v lfs $LFS/cross-tools</userinput></screen> |
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88 | |
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89 | <para>If a separate working directory was created as suggested, |
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90 | give user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> ownership of this directory:</para> |
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91 | |
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92 | <screen><userinput>chown -v lfs $LFS/sources</userinput></screen> |
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93 | |
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94 | <para>Next, login as user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>. |
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95 | This can be done via a virtual console, through a display manager, or |
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96 | with the following substitute user command:</para> |
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97 | |
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98 | <screen><userinput>su - lfs</userinput></screen> |
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99 | |
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100 | <para>The <quote><parameter>-</parameter></quote> instructs |
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101 | <command>su</command> to start a login shell as opposed to a non-login |
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102 | shell. The difference between these two types of shells can be found |
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103 | in detail in <filename>bash(1)</filename> and <command>info |
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104 | bash</command>.</para> |
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105 | |
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106 | </sect1> |
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