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doc/arping.8
Submitted By: Jim Gifford <jim at cross-lfs dot org> Date: 2009-02-18 Initial Package Version: s20071127 Upstream Status: Unknown Origin: Jim Gifford Description: Provides the man pages (adding docbook2man with all its dependencies would be a major addition to the book, so I built it -once- on a completed system and saved the data). diff -Naur doc/arping.8 doc/arping.81 .\" This manpage has been automatically generated by docbook2man 2 .\" from a DocBook document. This tool can be found at: 3 .\" <http://shell.ipoline.com/~elmert/comp/docbook2X/> 4 .\" Please send any bug reports, improvements, comments, patches, 5 .\" etc. to Steve Cheng <steve@ggi-project.org>. 6 .TH "ARPING" "8" "18 February 2009" "iputils-071127" "System Manager's Manual: iputils" 7 .SH NAME 8 arping \- send ARP REQUEST to a neighbour host 9 .SH SYNOPSIS 10 11 \fBarping\fR [\fB-AbDfhqUV\fR] [\fB-c \fIcount\fB\fR] [\fB-w \fIdeadline\fB\fR] [\fB-s \fIsource\fB\fR] \fB-I \fIinterface\fB\fR \fB\fIdestination\fB\fR 12 13 .SH "DESCRIPTION" 14 .PP 15 Ping \fIdestination\fR on device \fIinterface\fR by ARP packets, 16 using source address \fIsource\fR. 17 .SH "OPTIONS" 18 .TP 19 \fB-A\fR 20 The same as \fB-U\fR, but ARP REPLY packets used instead 21 of ARP REQUEST. 22 .TP 23 \fB-b\fR 24 Send only MAC level broadcasts. Normally \fBarping\fR starts 25 from sending broadcast, and switch to unicast after reply received. 26 .TP 27 \fB-c \fIcount\fB\fR 28 Stop after sending \fIcount\fR ARP REQUEST 29 packets. With 30 \fIdeadline\fR 31 option, \fBarping\fR waits for 32 \fIcount\fR ARP REPLY packets, until the timeout expires. 33 .TP 34 \fB-D\fR 35 Duplicate address detection mode (DAD). See 36 RFC2131, 4.4.1. 37 Returns 0, if DAD succeeded i.e. no replies are received 38 .TP 39 \fB-f\fR 40 Finish after the first reply confirming that target is alive. 41 .TP 42 \fB-I \fIinterface\fB\fR 43 Name of network device where to send ARP REQUEST packets. This option 44 is required. 45 .TP 46 \fB-h\fR 47 Print help page and exit. 48 .TP 49 \fB-q\fR 50 Quiet output. Nothing is displayed. 51 .TP 52 \fB-s \fIsource\fB\fR 53 IP source address to use in ARP packets. 54 If this option is absent, source address is: 55 .RS 56 .TP 0.2i 57 \(bu 58 In DAD mode (with option \fB-D\fR) set to 0.0.0.0. 59 .TP 0.2i 60 \(bu 61 In Unsolicited ARP mode (with options \fB-U\fR or \fB-A\fR) 62 set to \fIdestination\fR. 63 .TP 0.2i 64 \(bu 65 Otherwise, it is calculated from routing tables. 66 .RE 67 .TP 68 \fB-U\fR 69 Unsolicited ARP mode to update neighbours' ARP caches. 70 No replies are expected. 71 .TP 72 \fB-V\fR 73 Print version of the program and exit. 74 .TP 75 \fB-w \fIdeadline\fB\fR 76 Specify a timeout, in seconds, before 77 \fBarping\fR 78 exits regardless of how many 79 packets have been sent or received. In this case 80 \fBarping\fR 81 does not stop after 82 \fIcount\fR 83 packet are sent, it waits either for 84 \fIdeadline\fR 85 expire or until 86 \fIcount\fR 87 probes are answered. 88 .SH "SEE ALSO" 89 .PP 90 \fBping\fR(8), 91 \fBclockdiff\fR(8), 92 \fBtracepath\fR(8). 93 .SH "AUTHOR" 94 .PP 95 \fBarping\fR was written by 96 Alexey Kuznetsov 97 <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>. 98 It is now maintained by 99 YOSHIFUJI Hideaki 100 <yoshfuji@skbuff.net>. 101 .SH "SECURITY" 102 .PP 103 \fBarping\fR requires CAP_NET_RAWIO capability 104 to be executed. It is not recommended to be used as set-uid root, 105 because it allows user to modify ARP caches of neighbour hosts. 106 .SH "AVAILABILITY" 107 .PP 108 \fBarping\fR is part of \fIiputils\fR package 109 and the latest versions are available in source form at 110 http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2. -
doc/clockdiff.8
diff -Naur doc/clockdiff.8 doc/clockdiff.8
1 .\" This manpage has been automatically generated by docbook2man 2 .\" from a DocBook document. This tool can be found at: 3 .\" <http://shell.ipoline.com/~elmert/comp/docbook2X/> 4 .\" Please send any bug reports, improvements, comments, patches, 5 .\" etc. to Steve Cheng <steve@ggi-project.org>. 6 .TH "CLOCKDIFF" "8" "18 February 2009" "iputils-071127" "System Manager's Manual: iputils" 7 .SH NAME 8 clockdiff \- measure clock difference between hosts 9 .SH SYNOPSIS 10 11 \fBclockdiff\fR [\fB-o\fR] [\fB-o1\fR] \fB\fIdestination\fB\fR 12 13 .SH "DESCRIPTION" 14 .PP 15 \fBclockdiff\fR Measures clock difference between us and 16 \fIdestination\fR with 1 msec resolution using ICMP TIMESTAMP 17 [2] 18 packets or, optionally, IP TIMESTAMP option 19 [3] 20 option added to ICMP ECHO. 21 [1] 22 .SH "OPTIONS" 23 .TP 24 \fB-o\fR 25 Use IP TIMESTAMP with ICMP ECHO instead of ICMP TIMESTAMP 26 messages. It is useful with some destinations, which do not support 27 ICMP TIMESTAMP (f.e. Solaris <2.4). 28 .TP 29 \fB-o1\fR 30 Slightly different form of \fB-o\fR, namely it uses three-term 31 IP TIMESTAMP with prespecified hop addresses instead of four term one. 32 What flavor works better depends on target host. Particularly, 33 \fB-o\fR is better for Linux. 34 .SH "WARNINGS" 35 .TP 0.2i 36 \(bu 37 Some nodes (Cisco) use non-standard timestamps, which is allowed 38 by RFC, but makes timestamps mostly useless. 39 .TP 0.2i 40 \(bu 41 Some nodes generate messed timestamps (Solaris>2.4), when 42 run \fBxntpd\fR. Seems, its IP stack uses a corrupted clock source, 43 which is synchronized to time-of-day clock periodically and jumps 44 randomly making timestamps mostly useless. Good news is that you can 45 use NTP in this case, which is even better. 46 .TP 0.2i 47 \(bu 48 \fBclockdiff\fR shows difference in time modulo 24 days. 49 .SH "SEE ALSO" 50 .PP 51 \fBping\fR(8), 52 \fBarping\fR(8), 53 \fBtracepath\fR(8). 54 .SH "REFERENCES" 55 .PP 56 [1] ICMP ECHO, 57 RFC0792, page 14. 58 .PP 59 [2] ICMP TIMESTAMP, 60 RFC0792, page 16. 61 .PP 62 [3] IP TIMESTAMP option, 63 RFC0791, 3.1, page 16. 64 .SH "AUTHOR" 65 .PP 66 \fBclockdiff\fR was compiled by 67 Alexey Kuznetsov 68 <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>. It was based on code borrowed 69 from BSD \fBtimed\fR daemon. 70 It is now maintained by 71 YOSHIFUJI Hideaki 72 <yoshfuji@skbuff.net>. 73 .SH "SECURITY" 74 .PP 75 \fBclockdiff\fR requires CAP_NET_RAWIO capability 76 to be executed. It is safe to be used as set-uid root. 77 .SH "AVAILABILITY" 78 .PP 79 \fBclockdiff\fR is part of \fIiputils\fR package 80 and the latest versions are available in source form at 81 http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2. -
doc/ping.8
diff -Naur doc/ping.8 doc/ping.8
1 .\" This manpage has been automatically generated by docbook2man 2 .\" from a DocBook document. This tool can be found at: 3 .\" <http://shell.ipoline.com/~elmert/comp/docbook2X/> 4 .\" Please send any bug reports, improvements, comments, patches, 5 .\" etc. to Steve Cheng <steve@ggi-project.org>. 6 .TH "PING" "8" "18 February 2009" "iputils-071127" "System Manager's Manual: iputils" 7 .SH NAME 8 ping, ping6 \- send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts 9 .SH SYNOPSIS 10 11 \fBping\fR [\fB-LRUbdfnqrvVaAB\fR] [\fB-c \fIcount\fB\fR] [\fB-i \fIinterval\fB\fR] [\fB-l \fIpreload\fB\fR] [\fB-p \fIpattern\fB\fR] [\fB-s \fIpacketsize\fB\fR] [\fB-t \fIttl\fB\fR] [\fB-w \fIdeadline\fB\fR] [\fB-F \fIflowlabel\fB\fR] [\fB-I \fIinterface\fB\fR] [\fB-M \fIhint\fB\fR] [\fB-Q \fItos\fB\fR] [\fB-S \fIsndbuf\fB\fR] [\fB-T \fItimestamp option\fB\fR] [\fB-W \fItimeout\fB\fR] [\fB\fIhop\fB\fR\fI ...\fR] \fB\fIdestination\fB\fR 12 13 .SH "DESCRIPTION" 14 .PP 15 \fBping\fR uses the ICMP protocol's mandatory ECHO_REQUEST 16 datagram to elicit an ICMP ECHO_RESPONSE from a host or gateway. 17 ECHO_REQUEST datagrams (``pings'') have an IP and ICMP 18 header, followed by a struct timeval and then an arbitrary 19 number of ``pad'' bytes used to fill out the packet. 20 .SH "OPTIONS" 21 .TP 22 \fB-a\fR 23 Audible ping. 24 .TP 25 \fB-A\fR 26 Adaptive ping. Interpacket interval adapts to round-trip time, so that 27 effectively not more than one (or more, if preload is set) unanswered probes 28 present in the network. Minimal interval is 200msec for not super-user. 29 On networks with low rtt this mode is essentially equivalent to flood mode. 30 .TP 31 \fB-b\fR 32 Allow pinging a broadcast address. 33 .TP 34 \fB-B\fR 35 Do not allow \fBping\fR to change source address of probes. 36 The address is bound to one selected when \fBping\fR starts. 37 .TP 38 \fB-c \fIcount\fB\fR 39 Stop after sending \fIcount\fR ECHO_REQUEST 40 packets. With 41 \fIdeadline\fR 42 option, \fBping\fR waits for 43 \fIcount\fR ECHO_REPLY packets, until the timeout expires. 44 .TP 45 \fB-d\fR 46 Set the SO_DEBUG option on the socket being used. 47 Essentially, this socket option is not used by Linux kernel. 48 .TP 49 \fB-F \fIflow label\fB\fR 50 Allocate and set 20 bit flow label on echo request packets. 51 (Only \fBping6\fR). If value is zero, kernel allocates random flow label. 52 .TP 53 \fB-f\fR 54 Flood ping. For every ECHO_REQUEST sent a period ``.'' is printed, 55 while for ever ECHO_REPLY received a backspace is printed. 56 This provides a rapid display of how many packets are being dropped. 57 If interval is not given, it sets interval to zero and 58 outputs packets as fast as they come back or one hundred times per second, 59 whichever is more. 60 Only the super-user may use this option with zero interval. 61 .TP 62 \fB-i \fIinterval\fB\fR 63 Wait \fIinterval\fR seconds between sending each packet. 64 The default is to wait for one second between each packet normally, 65 or not to wait in flood mode. Only super-user may set interval 66 to values less 0.2 seconds. 67 .TP 68 \fB-I \fIinterface address\fB\fR 69 Set source address to specified interface address. Argument 70 may be numeric IP address or name of device. When pinging IPv6 71 link-local address this option is required. 72 .TP 73 \fB-l \fIpreload\fB\fR 74 If \fIpreload\fR is specified, 75 \fBping\fR sends that many packets not waiting for reply. 76 Only the super-user may select preload more than 3. 77 .TP 78 \fB-L\fR 79 Suppress loopback of multicast packets. This flag only applies if the ping 80 destination is a multicast address. 81 .TP 82 \fB-n\fR 83 Numeric output only. 84 No attempt will be made to lookup symbolic names for host addresses. 85 .TP 86 \fB-p \fIpattern\fB\fR 87 You may specify up to 16 ``pad'' bytes to fill out the packet you send. 88 This is useful for diagnosing data-dependent problems in a network. 89 For example, \fB-p ff\fR will cause the sent packet 90 to be filled with all ones. 91 .TP 92 \fB-Q \fItos\fB\fR 93 Set Quality of Service -related bits in ICMP datagrams. 94 \fItos\fR can be either decimal or hex number. 95 Traditionally (RFC1349), these have been interpreted as: 0 for reserved 96 (currently being redefined as congestion control), 1-4 for Type of Service 97 and 5-7 for Precedence. 98 Possible settings for Type of Service are: minimal cost: 0x02, 99 reliability: 0x04, throughput: 0x08, low delay: 0x10. Multiple TOS bits 100 should not be set simultaneously. Possible settings for 101 special Precedence range from priority (0x20) to net control (0xe0). You 102 must be root (CAP_NET_ADMIN capability) to use Critical or 103 higher precedence value. You cannot set 104 bit 0x01 (reserved) unless ECN has been enabled in the kernel. 105 In RFC2474, these fields has been redefined as 8-bit Differentiated 106 Services (DS), consisting of: bits 0-1 of separate data (ECN will be used, 107 here), and bits 2-7 of Differentiated Services Codepoint (DSCP). 108 .TP 109 \fB-q\fR 110 Quiet output. 111 Nothing is displayed except the summary lines at startup time and 112 when finished. 113 .TP 114 \fB-R\fR 115 Record route. 116 Includes the RECORD_ROUTE option in the ECHO_REQUEST 117 packet and displays the route buffer on returned packets. 118 Note that the IP header is only large enough for nine such routes. 119 Many hosts ignore or discard this option. 120 .TP 121 \fB-r\fR 122 Bypass the normal routing tables and send directly to a host on an attached 123 interface. 124 If the host is not on a directly-attached network, an error is returned. 125 This option can be used to ping a local host through an interface 126 that has no route through it provided the option \fB-I\fR is also 127 used. 128 .TP 129 \fB-s \fIpacketsize\fB\fR 130 Specifies the number of data bytes to be sent. 131 The default is 56, which translates into 64 ICMP 132 data bytes when combined with the 8 bytes of ICMP header data. 133 .TP 134 \fB-S \fIsndbuf\fB\fR 135 Set socket sndbuf. If not specified, it is selected to buffer 136 not more than one packet. 137 .TP 138 \fB-t \fIttl\fB\fR 139 Set the IP Time to Live. 140 .TP 141 \fB-T \fItimestamp option\fB\fR 142 Set special IP timestamp options. 143 \fItimestamp option\fR may be either 144 \fItsonly\fR (only timestamps), 145 \fItsandaddr\fR (timestamps and addresses) or 146 \fItsprespec host1 [host2 [host3 [host4]]]\fR 147 (timestamp prespecified hops). 148 .TP 149 \fB-M \fIhint\fB\fR 150 Select Path MTU Discovery strategy. 151 \fIhint\fR may be either \fIdo\fR 152 (prohibit fragmentation, even local one), 153 \fIwant\fR (do PMTU discovery, fragment locally when packet size 154 is large), or \fIdont\fR (do not set DF flag). 155 .TP 156 \fB-U\fR 157 Print full user-to-user latency (the old behaviour). Normally 158 \fBping\fR 159 prints network round trip time, which can be different 160 f.e. due to DNS failures. 161 .TP 162 \fB-v\fR 163 Verbose output. 164 .TP 165 \fB-V\fR 166 Show version and exit. 167 .TP 168 \fB-w \fIdeadline\fB\fR 169 Specify a timeout, in seconds, before 170 \fBping\fR 171 exits regardless of how many 172 packets have been sent or received. In this case 173 \fBping\fR 174 does not stop after 175 \fIcount\fR 176 packet are sent, it waits either for 177 \fIdeadline\fR 178 expire or until 179 \fIcount\fR 180 probes are answered or for some error notification from network. 181 .TP 182 \fB-W \fItimeout\fB\fR 183 Time to wait for a response, in seconds. The option affects only timeout 184 in absense of any responses, otherwise \fBping\fR waits for two RTTs. 185 .PP 186 When using \fBping\fR for fault isolation, it should first be run 187 on the local host, to verify that the local network interface is up 188 and running. Then, hosts and gateways further and further away should be 189 ``pinged''. Round-trip times and packet loss statistics are computed. 190 If duplicate packets are received, they are not included in the packet 191 loss calculation, although the round trip time of these packets is used 192 in calculating the minimum/average/maximum round-trip time numbers. 193 When the specified number of packets have been sent (and received) or 194 if the program is terminated with a 195 SIGINT, a brief summary is displayed. Shorter current statistics 196 can be obtained without termination of process with signal 197 SIGQUIT. 198 .PP 199 If \fBping\fR does not receive any reply packets at all it will 200 exit with code 1. If a packet 201 \fIcount\fR 202 and 203 \fIdeadline\fR 204 are both specified, and fewer than 205 \fIcount\fR 206 packets are received by the time the 207 \fIdeadline\fR 208 has arrived, it will also exit with code 1. 209 On other error it exits with code 2. Otherwise it exits with code 0. This 210 makes it possible to use the exit code to see if a host is alive or 211 not. 212 .PP 213 This program is intended for use in network testing, measurement and 214 management. 215 Because of the load it can impose on the network, it is unwise to use 216 \fBping\fR during normal operations or from automated scripts. 217 .SH "ICMP PACKET DETAILS" 218 .PP 219 An IP header without options is 20 bytes. 220 An ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packet contains an additional 8 bytes worth 221 of ICMP header followed by an arbitrary amount of data. 222 When a \fIpacketsize\fR is given, this indicated the size of this 223 extra piece of data (the default is 56). Thus the amount of data received 224 inside of an IP packet of type ICMP ECHO_REPLY will always be 8 bytes 225 more than the requested data space (the ICMP header). 226 .PP 227 If the data space is at least of size of struct timeval 228 \fBping\fR uses the beginning bytes of this space to include 229 a timestamp which it uses in the computation of round trip times. 230 If the data space is shorter, no round trip times are given. 231 .SH "DUPLICATE AND DAMAGED PACKETS" 232 .PP 233 \fBping\fR will report duplicate and damaged packets. 234 Duplicate packets should never occur, and seem to be caused by 235 inappropriate link-level retransmissions. 236 Duplicates may occur in many situations and are rarely (if ever) a 237 good sign, although the presence of low levels of duplicates may not 238 always be cause for alarm. 239 .PP 240 Damaged packets are obviously serious cause for alarm and often 241 indicate broken hardware somewhere in the 242 \fBping\fR packet's path (in the network or in the hosts). 243 .SH "TRYING DIFFERENT DATA PATTERNS" 244 .PP 245 The (inter)network layer should never treat packets differently depending 246 on the data contained in the data portion. 247 Unfortunately, data-dependent problems have been known to sneak into 248 networks and remain undetected for long periods of time. 249 In many cases the particular pattern that will have problems is something 250 that doesn't have sufficient ``transitions'', such as all ones or all 251 zeros, or a pattern right at the edge, such as almost all zeros. 252 It isn't necessarily enough to specify a data pattern of all zeros (for 253 example) on the command line because the pattern that is of interest is 254 at the data link level, and the relationship between what you type and 255 what the controllers transmit can be complicated. 256 .PP 257 This means that if you have a data-dependent problem you will probably 258 have to do a lot of testing to find it. 259 If you are lucky, you may manage to find a file that either can't be sent 260 across your network or that takes much longer to transfer than other 261 similar length files. 262 You can then examine this file for repeated patterns that you can test 263 using the \fB-p\fR option of \fBping\fR. 264 .SH "TTL DETAILS" 265 .PP 266 The TTL value of an IP packet represents the maximum number of IP routers 267 that the packet can go through before being thrown away. 268 In current practice you can expect each router in the Internet to decrement 269 the TTL field by exactly one. 270 .PP 271 The TCP/IP specification states that the TTL field for TCP 272 packets should be set to 60, but many systems use smaller values 273 (4.3 BSD uses 30, 4.2 used 15). 274 .PP 275 The maximum possible value of this field is 255, and most Unix systems set 276 the TTL field of ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to 255. 277 This is why you will find you can ``ping'' some hosts, but not reach them 278 with 279 \fBtelnet\fR(1) 280 or 281 \fBftp\fR(1). 282 .PP 283 In normal operation ping prints the ttl value from the packet it receives. 284 When a remote system receives a ping packet, it can do one of three things 285 with the TTL field in its response: 286 .TP 0.2i 287 \(bu 288 Not change it; this is what Berkeley Unix systems did before the 289 4.3BSD Tahoe release. In this case the TTL value in the received packet 290 will be 255 minus the number of routers in the round-trip path. 291 .TP 0.2i 292 \(bu 293 Set it to 255; this is what current Berkeley Unix systems do. 294 In this case the TTL value in the received packet will be 255 minus the 295 number of routers in the path \fBfrom\fR 296 the remote system \fBto\fR the \fBping\fRing host. 297 .TP 0.2i 298 \(bu 299 Set it to some other value. Some machines use the same value for 300 ICMP packets that they use for TCP packets, for example either 30 or 60. 301 Others may use completely wild values. 302 .SH "BUGS" 303 .TP 0.2i 304 \(bu 305 Many Hosts and Gateways ignore the RECORD_ROUTE option. 306 .TP 0.2i 307 \(bu 308 The maximum IP header length is too small for options like 309 RECORD_ROUTE to be completely useful. 310 There's not much that that can be done about this, however. 311 .TP 0.2i 312 \(bu 313 Flood pinging is not recommended in general, and flood pinging the 314 broadcast address should only be done under very controlled conditions. 315 .SH "SEE ALSO" 316 .PP 317 \fBnetstat\fR(1), 318 \fBifconfig\fR(8). 319 .SH "HISTORY" 320 .PP 321 The \fBping\fR command appeared in 4.3BSD. 322 .PP 323 The version described here is its descendant specific to Linux. 324 .SH "SECURITY" 325 .PP 326 \fBping\fR requires CAP_NET_RAWIO capability 327 to be executed. It may be used as set-uid root. 328 .SH "AVAILABILITY" 329 .PP 330 \fBping\fR is part of \fIiputils\fR package 331 and the latest versions are available in source form at 332 http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2. -
doc/rdisc.8
diff -Naur doc/rdisc.8 doc/rdisc.8
1 .\" This manpage has been automatically generated by docbook2man 2 .\" from a DocBook document. This tool can be found at: 3 .\" <http://shell.ipoline.com/~elmert/comp/docbook2X/> 4 .\" Please send any bug reports, improvements, comments, patches, 5 .\" etc. to Steve Cheng <steve@ggi-project.org>. 6 .TH "RDISC" "8" "18 February 2009" "iputils-071127" "System Manager's Manual: iputils" 7 .SH NAME 8 rdisc \- network router discovery daemon 9 .SH SYNOPSIS 10 11 \fBrdisc\fR [\fB-abdfstvV\fR] [\fB\fIsend_address\fB\fR] [\fB\fIreceive_address\fB\fR] 12 13 .SH "DESCRIPTION" 14 .PP 15 \fBrdisc\fR implements client side of the ICMP router discover protocol. 16 \fBrdisc\fR is invoked at boot time to populate the network 17 routing tables with default routes. 18 .PP 19 \fBrdisc\fR listens on the ALL_HOSTS (224.0.0.1) multicast address 20 (or \fIreceive_address\fR provided it is given) 21 for ROUTER_ADVERTISE messages from routers. The received 22 messages are handled by first ignoring those listed router addresses 23 with which the host does not share a network. Among the remaining addresses 24 the ones with the highest preference are selected as default routers 25 and a default route is entered in the kernel routing table 26 for each one of them. 27 .PP 28 Optionally, \fBrdisc\fR can avoid waiting for routers to announce 29 themselves by sending out a few ROUTER_SOLICITATION messages 30 to the ALL_ROUTERS (224.0.0.2) multicast address 31 (or \fIsend_address\fR provided it is given) 32 when it is started. 33 .PP 34 A timer is associated with each router address and the address will 35 no longer be considered for inclusion in the the routing tables if the 36 timer expires before a new 37 \fBadvertise\fR message is received from the router. 38 The address will also be excluded from consideration if the host receives an 39 \fBadvertise\fR 40 message with the preference being maximally negative. 41 .PP 42 Server side of router discovery protocol is supported by Cisco IOS 43 and by any more or less complete UNIX routing daemon, f.e \fBgated\fR. 44 .SH "OPTIONS" 45 .TP 46 \fB-a\fR 47 Accept all routers independently of the preference they have in their 48 \fBadvertise\fR messages. 49 Normally \fBrdisc\fR only accepts (and enters in the kernel routing 50 tables) the router or routers with the highest preference. 51 .TP 52 \fB-b\fR 53 Opposite to \fB-a\fR, i.e. install only router with the best 54 preference value. It is default behaviour. 55 .TP 56 \fB-d\fR 57 Send debugging messages to syslog. 58 .TP 59 \fB-f\fR 60 Run \fBrdisc\fR forever even if no routers are found. 61 Normally \fBrdisc\fR gives up if it has not received any 62 \fBadvertise\fR message after after soliciting three times, 63 in which case it exits with a non-zero exit code. 64 If \fB-f\fR is not specified in the first form then 65 \fB-s\fR must be specified. 66 .TP 67 \fB-s\fR 68 Send three \fBsolicitation\fR messages initially to quickly discover 69 the routers when the system is booted. 70 When \fB-s\fR is specified \fBrdisc\fR 71 exits with a non-zero exit code if it can not find any routers. 72 This can be overridden with the \fB-f\fR option. 73 .TP 74 \fB-t\fR 75 Test mode. Do not go to background. 76 .TP 77 \fB-v\fR 78 Be verbose i.e. send lots of debugging messages to syslog. 79 .TP 80 \fB-V\fR 81 Print version and exit. 82 .SH "HISTORY" 83 .PP 84 This program was developed by Sun Microsystems (see copyright 85 notice in source file). It was ported to Linux by 86 Alexey Kuznetsov 87 <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>. 88 It is now maintained by 89 YOSHIFUJI Hideaki 90 <yoshfuji@skbuff.net>. 91 .SH "SEE ALSO" 92 .PP 93 \fBicmp\fR(7), 94 \fBinet\fR(7), 95 \fBping\fR(8). 96 .SH "REFERENCES" 97 .PP 98 Deering, S.E.,ed "ICMP Router Discovery Messages", 99 RFC1256, Network Information Center, SRI International, 100 Menlo Park, Calif., September 1991. 101 .SH "SECURITY" 102 .PP 103 \fBrdisc\fR requires CAP_NET_RAWIO to listen 104 and send ICMP messages and capability CAP_NET_ADMIN 105 to update routing tables. 106 .SH "AVAILABILITY" 107 .PP 108 \fBrdisc\fR is part of \fIiputils\fR package 109 and the latest versions are available in source form at 110 http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2. -
doc/tracepath.8
diff -Naur doc/tracepath.8 doc/tracepath.8
1 .\" This manpage has been automatically generated by docbook2man 2 .\" from a DocBook document. This tool can be found at: 3 .\" <http://shell.ipoline.com/~elmert/comp/docbook2X/> 4 .\" Please send any bug reports, improvements, comments, patches, 5 .\" etc. to Steve Cheng <steve@ggi-project.org>. 6 .TH "TRACEPATH" "8" "18 February 2009" "iputils-071127" "System Manager's Manual: iputils" 7 .SH NAME 8 tracepath, tracepath6 \- traces path to a network host discovering MTU along this path 9 .SH SYNOPSIS 10 11 \fBtracepath\fR [\fB-n\fR] [\fB-l \fIpktlen\fB\fR] \fB\fIdestination\fB\fR [\fB\fIport\fB\fR] 12 13 .SH "DESCRIPTION" 14 .PP 15 It traces path to \fIdestination\fR discovering MTU along this path. 16 It uses UDP port \fIport\fR or some random port. 17 It is similar to \fBtraceroute\fR, only does not not require superuser 18 privileges and has no fancy options. 19 .PP 20 \fBtracepath6\fR is good replacement for \fBtraceroute6\fR 21 and classic example of application of Linux error queues. 22 The situation with \fBtracepath\fR is worse, because commercial 23 IP routers do not return enough information in icmp error messages. 24 Probably, it will change, when they will be updated. 25 For now it uses Van Jacobson's trick, sweeping a range 26 of UDP ports to maintain trace history. 27 .SH "OPTIONS" 28 .TP 29 \fB-n\fR 30 Do not look up host names. Only print IP addresses numerically. 31 .TP 32 \fB-l\fR 33 Sets the initial packet length to \fIpktlen\fR instead of 34 65536 for \fBtracepath\fR or 128000 for \fBtracepath6\fR. 35 .SH "OUTPUT" 36 .PP 37 38 .nf 39 root@mops:~ # tracepath6 3ffe:2400:0:109::2 40 1?: [LOCALHOST] pmtu 1500 41 1: dust.inr.ac.ru 0.411ms 42 2: dust.inr.ac.ru asymm 1 0.390ms pmtu 1480 43 2: 3ffe:2400:0:109::2 463.514ms reached 44 Resume: pmtu 1480 hops 2 back 2 45 .fi 46 .PP 47 The first column shows TTL of the probe, followed by colon. 48 Usually value of TTL is obtained from reply from network, 49 but sometimes reply does not contain necessary information and 50 we have to guess it. In this case the number is followed by ?. 51 .PP 52 The second column shows the network hop, which replied to the probe. 53 It is either address of router or word [LOCALHOST], if 54 the probe was not sent to the network. 55 .PP 56 The rest of line shows miscellaneous information about path to 57 the correspinding hetwork hop. As rule it contains value of RTT. 58 Additionally, it can show Path MTU, when it changes. 59 If the path is asymmetric 60 or the probe finishes before it reach prescribed hop, difference 61 between number of hops in forward and backward direction is shown 62 folloing keyword async. This information is not reliable. 63 F.e. the third line shows asymmetry of 1, it is because the first probe 64 with TTL of 2 was rejected at the first hop due to Path MTU Discovery. 65 .PP 66 The last line summarizes information about all the path to the destination, 67 it shows detected Path MTU, amount of hops to the destination and our 68 guess about amount of hops from the destination to us, which can be 69 different when the path is asymmetric. 70 .SH "SEE ALSO" 71 .PP 72 \fBtraceroute\fR(8), 73 \fBtraceroute6\fR(8), 74 \fBping\fR(8). 75 .SH "AUTHOR" 76 .PP 77 \fBtracepath\fR was written by 78 Alexey Kuznetsov 79 <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>. 80 .SH "SECURITY" 81 .PP 82 No security issues. 83 .PP 84 This lapidary deserves to be elaborated. 85 \fBtracepath\fR is not a privileged program, unlike 86 \fBtraceroute\fR, \fBping\fR and other beasts of this kind. 87 \fBtracepath\fR may be executed by everyone who has some access 88 to network, enough to send UDP datagrams to investigated destination 89 using given port. 90 .SH "AVAILABILITY" 91 .PP 92 \fBtracepath\fR is part of \fIiputils\fR package 93 and the latest versions are available in source form at 94 http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2. -
doc/traceroute6.8
diff -Naur doc/traceroute6.8 doc/traceroute6.8
1 .\" This manpage has been automatically generated by docbook2man 2 .\" from a DocBook document. This tool can be found at: 3 .\" <http://shell.ipoline.com/~elmert/comp/docbook2X/> 4 .\" Please send any bug reports, improvements, comments, patches, 5 .\" etc. to Steve Cheng <steve@ggi-project.org>. 6 .TH "TRACEROUTE6" "8" "18 February 2009" "iputils-071127" "System Manager's Manual: iputils" 7 .SH NAME 8 traceroute6 \- traces path to a network host 9 .SH SYNOPSIS 10 11 \fBtraceroute6\fR [\fB-dnrvV\fR] [\fB-i \fIinterface\fB\fR] [\fB-m \fImax_ttl\fB\fR] [\fB-p \fIport\fB\fR] [\fB-q \fImax_probes\fB\fR] [\fB-s \fIsource\fB\fR] [\fB-w \fIwait time\fB\fR] \fB\fIdestination\fB\fR [\fB\fIsize\fB\fR] 12 13 .SH "DESCRIPTION" 14 .PP 15 Description can be found in 16 \fBtraceroute\fR(8), 17 all the references to IP replaced to IPv6. It is needless to copy 18 the description from there. 19 .SH "SEE ALSO" 20 .PP 21 \fBtraceroute\fR(8), 22 \fBtracepath\fR(8), 23 \fBping\fR(8). 24 .SH "HISTORY" 25 .PP 26 This program has long history. Author of \fBtraceroute\fR 27 is Van Jacobson and it first appeared in 1988. This clone is 28 based on a port of \fBtraceroute\fR to IPv6 published 29 in NRL IPv6 distribution in 1996. In turn, it was ported 30 to Linux by Pedro Roque. After this it was kept in sync by 31 Alexey Kuznetsov 32 <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>. And eventually entered 33 \fBiputils\fR package. 34 .SH "SECURITY" 35 .PP 36 \fBtracepath6\fR requires CAP_NET_RAWIO capability 37 to be executed. It is safe to be used as set-uid root. 38 .SH "AVAILABILITY" 39 .PP 40 \fBtraceroute6\fR is part of \fIiputils\fR package 41 and the latest versions are available in source form at 42 http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/iputils-current.tar.bz2.
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