| 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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| 7 | <sect1 id="ch-system-sysvinit" role="wrap">
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| 8 | <?dbhtml filename="sysvinit.html"?>
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| 9 |
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| 10 | <title>Sysvinit-&sysvinit-version;</title>
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| 11 |
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| 12 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit">
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| 13 | <primary sortas="a-Sysvinit">Sysvinit</primary>
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| 14 | </indexterm>
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| 15 |
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| 16 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 17 | <title/>
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| 18 |
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| 19 | <para>The Sysvinit package contains programs for controlling the startup,
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| 20 | running, and shutdown of the system.</para>
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| 21 |
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| 22 | </sect2>
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| 23 |
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| 24 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 25 | <title>Installation of Sysvinit</title>
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| 26 |
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| 27 | <para os="a">When run-levels are changed (for example, when halting the
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| 28 | system), <command>init</command> sends termination signals to those
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| 29 | processes that <command>init</command> itself started and that should
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| 30 | not be running in the new run-level. While doing this,
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| 31 | <command>init</command> outputs messages like <quote>Sending processes
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| 32 | the TERM signal</quote> which seem to imply that it is sending these
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| 33 | signals to all currently running processes. To avoid this
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| 34 | misinterpretation, modify the source so that these messages read like
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| 35 | <quote>Sending processes started by init the TERM signal</quote>
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| 36 | instead:</para>
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| 37 |
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| 38 | <screen os="b"><userinput>cp src/init.c{,.orig}
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| 39 | sed 's@Sending processes@& started by init@g' \
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| 40 | src/init.c.orig > src/init.c</userinput></screen>
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| 41 |
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| 42 | <para os="s1">The following sed makes changes in the Makefile required for cross-compiling</para>
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| 43 |
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| 44 | <screen os="s2"><userinput>cp -v src/Makefile src/Makefile.orig
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| 45 | sed -e 's@/dev/initctl@$(ROOT)&@g' \
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| 46 | -e 's@\(mknod \)-m \([0-9]* \)\(.* \)p@\1\3p; chmod \2\3@g' \
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| 47 | -e '/^ifeq/s/$(ROOT)//' \
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| 48 | -e 's@/usr/lib@$(ROOT)&@' \
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| 49 | src/Makefile.orig > src/Makefile</userinput></screen>
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| 50 |
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| 51 | <para os="c">Compile the package:</para>
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| 52 |
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| 53 | <screen os="d"><userinput>make -C src clobber
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| 54 | make -C src ROOT=${LFS} CC="${CC}"</userinput></screen>
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| 55 |
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| 56 | <para os="e">Install the package:</para>
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| 57 |
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| 58 | <screen os="f"><userinput>make -C src ROOT=${LFS} INSTALL="install" install</userinput></screen>
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| 59 |
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| 60 | </sect2>
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| 61 |
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| 62 | <sect2 id="conf-sysvinit" role="configuration">
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| 63 | <title>Configuring Sysvinit</title>
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| 64 |
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| 65 | <indexterm zone="conf-sysvinit">
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| 66 | <primary sortas="a-Sysvinit">Sysvinit</primary>
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| 67 | <secondary>configuring</secondary></indexterm>
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| 68 |
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| 69 | <indexterm zone="conf-sysvinit">
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| 70 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/inittab">/etc/inittab</primary>
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| 71 | </indexterm>
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| 72 |
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| 73 | <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/inittab</filename> by running the
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| 74 | following:</para>
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| 75 |
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| 76 | <screen><userinput>cat > ${LFS}/etc/inittab << "EOF"
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| 77 | <literal># Begin /etc/inittab
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| 78 |
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| 79 | id:3:initdefault:
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| 80 |
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| 81 | si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc sysinit
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| 82 |
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| 83 | l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 0
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| 84 | l1:S1:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 1
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| 85 | l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 2
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| 86 | l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 3
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| 87 | l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 4
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| 88 | l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 5
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| 89 | l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 6
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| 90 |
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| 91 | ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now
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| 92 |
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| 93 | su:S016:once:/sbin/sulogin
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| 94 |
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| 95 | 1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty1 9600
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| 96 | 2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty2 9600
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| 97 | 3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty3 9600
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| 98 | 4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty4 9600
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| 99 | 5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty5 9600
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| 100 | 6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty6 9600
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| 101 |
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| 102 | # End /etc/inittab</literal>
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| 103 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 104 |
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| 105 | <para>The <parameter>-I '\033(K'</parameter> option tells
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| 106 | <command>agetty</command> to send this escape sequence to the terminal
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| 107 | before doing anything else. This escape sequence switches the console
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| 108 | character set to a user-defined one, which can be modified by running
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| 109 | the <command>setfont</command> program. The <command>console</command>
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| 110 | initscript from the LFS-Bootscripts package calls the
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| 111 | <command>setfont</command> program during system startup. Sending this
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| 112 | escape sequence is necessary for people who use non-ISO 8859-1 screen
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| 113 | fonts, but it does not affect native English speakers.</para>
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| 114 |
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| 115 | </sect2>
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| 116 |
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| 117 | <sect2 id="contents-sysvinit" role="content">
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| 118 | <title>Contents of Sysvinit</title>
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| 119 |
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| 120 | <segmentedlist>
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| 121 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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| 122 |
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| 123 | <seglistitem>
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| 124 | <seg>halt, init, killall5, last, lastb (link to last), mesg, pidof
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| 125 | (link to killall5), poweroff (link to halt), reboot (link to halt),
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| 126 | runlevel, shutdown, sulogin, telinit (link to init), utmpdump,
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| 127 | and wall</seg>
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| 128 | </seglistitem>
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| 129 | </segmentedlist>
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| 130 |
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| 131 | <variablelist>
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| 132 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 133 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 134 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 135 |
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| 136 | <varlistentry id="halt">
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| 137 | <term><command>halt</command></term>
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| 138 | <listitem>
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| 139 | <para>Normally invokes <command>shutdown</command> with the
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| 140 | <parameter>-h</parameter> option, except when already in run-level 0,
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| 141 | then it tells the kernel to halt the system; it notes in the
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| 142 | file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> that the system is being
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| 143 | brought down</para>
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| 144 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit halt">
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| 145 | <primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary>
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| 146 | </indexterm>
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| 147 | </listitem>
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| 148 | </varlistentry>
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| 149 |
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| 150 | <varlistentry id="init">
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| 151 | <term><command>init</command></term>
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| 152 | <listitem>
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| 153 | <para>The first process to be started when the kernel has initialized
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| 154 | the hardware which takes over the boot process and starts all the
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| 155 | proceses it is instructed to</para>
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| 156 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit init">
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| 157 | <primary sortas="b-init">init</primary>
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| 158 | </indexterm>
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| 159 | </listitem>
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| 160 | </varlistentry>
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| 161 |
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| 162 | <varlistentry id="killall5">
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| 163 | <term><command>killall5</command></term>
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| 164 | <listitem>
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| 165 | <para>Sends a signal to all processes, except the processes in its own
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| 166 | session so it will not kill the shell running the script that called
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| 167 | it</para>
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| 168 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit killall5">
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| 169 | <primary sortas="b-killall5">killall5</primary>
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| 170 | </indexterm>
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| 171 | </listitem>
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| 172 | </varlistentry>
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| 173 |
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| 174 | <varlistentry id="last">
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| 175 | <term><command>last</command></term>
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| 176 | <listitem>
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| 177 | <para>Shows which users last logged in (and out), searching back
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| 178 | through the <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> file; it also shows
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| 179 | system boots, shutdowns, and run-level changes</para>
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| 180 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit last">
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| 181 | <primary sortas="b-last">last</primary>
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| 182 | </indexterm>
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| 183 | </listitem>
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| 184 | </varlistentry>
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| 185 |
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| 186 | <varlistentry id="lastb">
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| 187 | <term><command>lastb</command></term>
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| 188 | <listitem>
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| 189 | <para>Shows the failed login attempts, as logged in
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| 190 | <filename>/var/log/btmp</filename></para>
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| 191 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit lastb">
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| 192 | <primary sortas="b-lastb">lastb</primary>
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| 193 | </indexterm>
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| 194 | </listitem>
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| 195 | </varlistentry>
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| 196 |
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| 197 | <varlistentry id="mesg">
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| 198 | <term><command>mesg</command></term>
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| 199 | <listitem>
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| 200 | <para>Controls whether other users can send messages to the current
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| 201 | user's terminal</para>
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| 202 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit mesg">
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| 203 | <primary sortas="b-mesg">mesg</primary>
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| 204 | </indexterm>
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| 205 | </listitem>
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| 206 | </varlistentry>
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| 207 |
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| 208 | <varlistentry id="pidof">
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| 209 | <term><command>pidof</command></term>
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| 210 | <listitem>
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| 211 | <para>Reports the PIDs of the given programs</para>
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| 212 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit pidof">
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| 213 | <primary sortas="b-pidof">pidof</primary>
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| 214 | </indexterm>
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| 215 | </listitem>
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| 216 | </varlistentry>
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| 217 |
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| 218 | <varlistentry id="poweroff">
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| 219 | <term><command>poweroff</command></term>
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| 220 | <listitem>
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| 221 | <para>Tells the kernel to halt the system and switch off the computer
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| 222 | (see <command>halt</command>)</para>
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| 223 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit poweroff">
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| 224 | <primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary>
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| 225 | </indexterm>
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| 226 | </listitem>
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| 227 | </varlistentry>
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| 228 |
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| 229 | <varlistentry id="reboot">
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| 230 | <term><command>reboot</command></term>
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| 231 | <listitem>
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| 232 | <para>Tells the kernel to reboot the system (see
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| 233 | <command>halt</command>)</para>
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| 234 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit reboot">
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| 235 | <primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary>
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| 236 | </indexterm>
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| 237 | </listitem>
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| 238 | </varlistentry>
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| 239 |
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| 240 | <varlistentry id="runlevel">
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| 241 | <term><command>runlevel</command></term>
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| 242 | <listitem>
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| 243 | <para>Reports the previous and the current run-level, as noted in
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| 244 | the last run-level record in <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename></para>
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| 245 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit runlevel">
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| 246 | <primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary>
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| 247 | </indexterm>
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| 248 | </listitem>
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| 249 | </varlistentry>
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| 250 |
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| 251 | <varlistentry id="shutdown">
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| 252 | <term><command>shutdown</command></term>
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| 253 | <listitem>
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| 254 | <para>Brings the system down in a secure way, signaling all processes
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| 255 | and notifying all logged-in users</para>
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| 256 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit shutdown">
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| 257 | <primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary>
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| 258 | </indexterm>
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| 259 | </listitem>
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| 260 | </varlistentry>
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| 261 |
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| 262 | <varlistentry id="sulogin">
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| 263 | <term><command>sulogin</command></term>
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| 264 | <listitem>
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| 265 | <para>Allows <emphasis>root</emphasis> to log in; it is normally
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| 266 | invoked by <command>init</command> when the system goes into single
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| 267 | user mode</para>
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| 268 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit sulogin">
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| 269 | <primary sortas="b-sulogin">sulogin</primary>
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| 270 | </indexterm>
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| 271 | </listitem>
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| 272 | </varlistentry>
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| 273 |
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| 274 | <varlistentry id="telinit">
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| 275 | <term><command>telinit</command></term>
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| 276 | <listitem>
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| 277 | <para>Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change to</para>
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| 278 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit telinit">
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| 279 | <primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary>
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| 280 | </indexterm>
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| 281 | </listitem>
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| 282 | </varlistentry>
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| 283 |
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| 284 | <varlistentry id="utmpdump">
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| 285 | <term><command>utmpdump</command></term>
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| 286 | <listitem>
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| 287 | <para>Displays the content of the given login file in a more
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| 288 | user-friendly format</para>
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| 289 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit utmpdump">
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| 290 | <primary sortas="b-utmpdump">utmpdump</primary>
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| 291 | </indexterm>
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| 292 | </listitem>
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| 293 | </varlistentry>
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| 294 |
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| 295 | <varlistentry id="wall">
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| 296 | <term><command>wall</command></term>
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| 297 | <listitem>
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| 298 | <para>Writes a message to all logged-in users</para>
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| 299 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit wall">
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| 300 | <primary sortas="b-wall">wall</primary>
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| 301 | </indexterm>
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| 302 | </listitem>
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| 303 | </varlistentry>
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| 304 |
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| 305 | </variablelist>
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| 306 |
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| 307 | </sect2>
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| 308 |
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| 309 | </sect1>
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