| 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
|---|
| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
|
|---|
| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
|
|---|
| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
|
|---|
| 5 | %general-entities;
|
|---|
| 6 | ]>
|
|---|
| 7 |
|
|---|
| 8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-shadow" role="wrap">
|
|---|
| 9 | <?dbhtml filename="shadow.html"?>
|
|---|
| 10 |
|
|---|
| 11 | <title>Shadow-&shadow-version;</title>
|
|---|
| 12 |
|
|---|
| 13 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow">
|
|---|
| 14 | <primary sortas="a-Shadow">Shadow</primary>
|
|---|
| 15 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 16 |
|
|---|
| 17 | <sect2 role="package">
|
|---|
| 18 | <title/>
|
|---|
| 19 |
|
|---|
| 20 | <para>The Shadow package contains programs for handling passwords in a
|
|---|
| 21 | secure way.</para>
|
|---|
| 22 |
|
|---|
| 23 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 24 |
|
|---|
| 25 | <sect2 role="installation">
|
|---|
| 26 | <title>Installation of Shadow</title>
|
|---|
| 27 |
|
|---|
| 28 | <note os="a">
|
|---|
| 29 | <para>If you would like to enforce the use of strong passwords,
|
|---|
| 30 | refer to <ulink url="&blfs-root;view/svn/postlfs/cracklib.html"/>
|
|---|
| 31 | for installing Cracklib prior to building Shadow. Then add
|
|---|
| 32 | <parameter>--with-libcrack</parameter> to the <command>configure</command>
|
|---|
| 33 | command below.</para>
|
|---|
| 34 | </note>
|
|---|
| 35 |
|
|---|
| 36 | <para os="p1">The following patch fixes when useradd will only accept
|
|---|
| 37 | group names instead of group id numbers:</para>
|
|---|
| 38 |
|
|---|
| 39 | <screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&shadow-useradd_fix-patch;</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 40 |
|
|---|
| 41 | <para os="b">Create a config.cache containing information about a test that
|
|---|
| 42 | cannot be run when cross-compiling:</para>
|
|---|
| 43 |
|
|---|
| 44 | <screen os="c"><userinput>echo "ac_cv_func_setpgrp_void=yes" > config.cache</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 45 |
|
|---|
| 46 | <para os="d">Prepare Shadow for compilation:</para>
|
|---|
| 47 |
|
|---|
| 48 | <screen os="e"><userinput>./configure --build=${CLFS_HOST} --host=${CLFS_TARGET} \
|
|---|
| 49 | --libdir=/lib --sysconfdir=/etc --enable-shared \
|
|---|
| 50 | --without-libpam --without-audit --without-selinux \
|
|---|
| 51 | --cache-file=config.cache</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 52 |
|
|---|
| 53 | <para os="f">The meaning of the configure options:</para>
|
|---|
| 54 |
|
|---|
| 55 | <variablelist os="g">
|
|---|
| 56 | <varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 57 | <term><parameter>--sysconfdir=/etc</parameter></term>
|
|---|
| 58 | <listitem><para>Tells Shadow to install its configuration files into
|
|---|
| 59 | /etc, rather than /usr/etc.</para></listitem>
|
|---|
| 60 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 61 | <varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 62 | <term><parameter>--without-libpam</parameter></term>
|
|---|
| 63 | <listitem><para>Support for Linux-PAM is enabled by default in Shadow,
|
|---|
| 64 | however PAM is not installed on a base CLFS system, so this switch
|
|---|
| 65 | disables PAM support in Shadow. For instructions to install PAM and
|
|---|
| 66 | link Shadow to it, you can look at
|
|---|
| 67 | <ulink url="&blfs-root;view/svn/postlfs/shadow.html"/>.</para></listitem>
|
|---|
| 68 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 69 | <varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 70 | <term><parameter>--without-audit</parameter></term>
|
|---|
| 71 | <listitem><para>Support for auditing is enabled by default, but a
|
|---|
| 72 | library that it needs is not installed in a base CLFS system. This
|
|---|
| 73 | switch disables auditing support.</para></listitem>
|
|---|
| 74 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 75 | <varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 76 | <term><parameter>--without-selinux</parameter></term>
|
|---|
| 77 | <listitem><para>Support for selinux is enabled by default, but selinux
|
|---|
| 78 | is not built in a base CLFS system and configure will fail without this
|
|---|
| 79 | switch.</para></listitem>
|
|---|
| 80 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 81 | </variablelist>
|
|---|
| 82 |
|
|---|
| 83 | <para os="h">Disable the installation of the <command>groups</command>
|
|---|
| 84 | program and its man pages, as Coreutils provides a better version:</para>
|
|---|
| 85 |
|
|---|
| 86 | <screen os="i"><userinput>cp src/Makefile{,.orig}
|
|---|
| 87 | sed 's/groups$(EXEEXT) //' src/Makefile.orig > src/Makefile
|
|---|
| 88 | cp man/Makefile{,.orig}
|
|---|
| 89 | sed '/groups/d' man/Makefile.orig > man/Makefile</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 90 |
|
|---|
| 91 | <para os="j">Compile the package:</para>
|
|---|
| 92 |
|
|---|
| 93 | <screen os="k"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 94 |
|
|---|
| 95 | <para os="l">Install the package:</para>
|
|---|
| 96 |
|
|---|
| 97 | <screen os="m"><userinput>make DESTDIR=${CLFS} install</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 98 |
|
|---|
| 99 | <para id="shadow-login_defs" os="r">Instead of using the default
|
|---|
| 100 | <emphasis>crypt</emphasis> method, use the more secure
|
|---|
| 101 | <emphasis>MD5</emphasis> method of password encryption, which also allows
|
|---|
| 102 | passwords longer than 8 characters. It is also necessary to change the
|
|---|
| 103 | obsolete <filename class="directory">/var/spool/mail</filename> location
|
|---|
| 104 | for user mailboxes that Shadow uses by default to the <filename
|
|---|
| 105 | class="directory">/var/mail</filename> location used currently. Use the
|
|---|
| 106 | following sed command to make these changes to the appropriate
|
|---|
| 107 | configuration file:</para>
|
|---|
| 108 |
|
|---|
| 109 | <indexterm zone="shadow-login_defs" os="s">
|
|---|
| 110 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/login.defs">/etc/login.defs</primary>
|
|---|
| 111 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 112 |
|
|---|
| 113 | <screen os="t"><userinput>cp ${CLFS}/etc/login.defs login.defs.orig
|
|---|
| 114 | sed -e's@#MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.no@MD5_CRYPT_ENAB yes@' \
|
|---|
| 115 | -e 's@/var/spool/mail@/var/mail@' \
|
|---|
| 116 | login.defs.orig > ${CLFS}/etc/login.defs</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 117 |
|
|---|
| 118 | <note os="u">
|
|---|
| 119 | <para>If you built Shadow with Cracklib support, execute
|
|---|
| 120 | this <command>sed</command> to correct the path to the Cracklib
|
|---|
| 121 | dictionary:</para>
|
|---|
| 122 |
|
|---|
| 123 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>cp ${CLFS}/etc/login.defs login.defs.orig
|
|---|
| 124 | sed 's@DICTPATH.*@DICTPATH\t/lib/cracklib/pw_dict@' login.defs.orig > ${CLFS}/etc/login.defs</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 125 | </note>
|
|---|
| 126 |
|
|---|
| 127 | <para os="v">Move a misplaced program to its proper location:</para>
|
|---|
| 128 |
|
|---|
| 129 | <screen os="w"><userinput>mv -v ${CLFS}/usr/bin/passwd ${CLFS}/bin</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 130 |
|
|---|
| 131 | <para os="x">Move Shadow's dynamic libraries to a more appropriate
|
|---|
| 132 | location:</para>
|
|---|
| 133 |
|
|---|
| 134 | <screen os="y"><userinput>mv -v ${CLFS}/lib/libshadow.*a ${CLFS}/usr/lib
|
|---|
| 135 | rm -v ${CLFS}/lib/libshadow.so
|
|---|
| 136 | ln -svf ../../lib/libshadow.so.0 ${CLFS}/usr/lib/libshadow.so</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 137 |
|
|---|
| 138 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 139 |
|
|---|
| 140 | <sect2 id="conf-shadow" role="configuration">
|
|---|
| 141 | <title>Configuring Shadow</title>
|
|---|
| 142 |
|
|---|
| 143 | <indexterm zone="conf-shadow">
|
|---|
| 144 | <primary sortas="a-Shadow">Shadow</primary>
|
|---|
| 145 | <secondary>configuring</secondary>
|
|---|
| 146 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 147 |
|
|---|
| 148 | <para>This package contains utilities to add, modify, and delete users and
|
|---|
| 149 | groups; set and change their passwords; and perform other administrative
|
|---|
| 150 | tasks. For a full explanation of what <emphasis>password shadowing</emphasis>
|
|---|
| 151 | means, see the <filename>doc/HOWTO</filename> file within the unpacked source
|
|---|
| 152 | tree. If using Shadow support, keep in mind that programs which need to
|
|---|
| 153 | verify passwords (display managers, FTP programs, pop3 daemons, etc.) must
|
|---|
| 154 | be Shadow-compliant. That is, they need to be able to work with shadowed
|
|---|
| 155 | passwords.</para>
|
|---|
| 156 |
|
|---|
| 157 | <para>To enable shadowed passwords, run the following command:</para>
|
|---|
| 158 |
|
|---|
| 159 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>pwconv</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 160 |
|
|---|
| 161 | <para>To enable shadowed group passwords, run:</para>
|
|---|
| 162 |
|
|---|
| 163 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>grpconv</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 164 |
|
|---|
| 165 | <para>To view or change the default settings for new user accounts that
|
|---|
| 166 | you create, you can edit <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>. See
|
|---|
| 167 | <command>man useradd</command> or
|
|---|
| 168 | <ulink url="&blfs-root;view/svn/postlfs/skel.html"/> for more
|
|---|
| 169 | information.</para>
|
|---|
| 170 |
|
|---|
| 171 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 172 |
|
|---|
| 173 | <sect2 id="root-password" role="configuration">
|
|---|
| 174 | <title>Setting the root password</title>
|
|---|
| 175 |
|
|---|
| 176 | <para>Choose a password for user <systemitem
|
|---|
| 177 | class="username">root</systemitem> and set it by running:</para>
|
|---|
| 178 |
|
|---|
| 179 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>passwd root</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 180 |
|
|---|
| 181 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 182 |
|
|---|
| 183 | <sect2 id="contents-shadow" role="content">
|
|---|
| 184 | <title>Contents of Shadow</title>
|
|---|
| 185 |
|
|---|
| 186 | <segmentedlist>
|
|---|
| 187 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
|
|---|
| 188 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
|
|---|
| 189 |
|
|---|
| 190 | <seglistitem>
|
|---|
| 191 | <seg>chage, chfn, chpasswd, chgpasswd, chsh, expiry, faillog, gpasswd,
|
|---|
| 192 | groupadd, groupdel, groupmod, grpck, grpconv, grpunconv, lastlog,
|
|---|
| 193 | login, logoutd, newgrp, newusers, nologin, passwd, pwck, pwconv,
|
|---|
| 194 | pwunconv, sg (link to newgrp), useradd, userdel, usermod,
|
|---|
| 195 | vigr (link to vipw), and vipw</seg>
|
|---|
| 196 | <seg>libshadow.[a,so]</seg>
|
|---|
| 197 | </seglistitem>
|
|---|
| 198 | </segmentedlist>
|
|---|
| 199 |
|
|---|
| 200 | <variablelist>
|
|---|
| 201 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 202 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
|
|---|
| 203 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
|
|---|
| 204 |
|
|---|
| 205 | <varlistentry id="chage">
|
|---|
| 206 | <term><command>chage</command></term>
|
|---|
| 207 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 208 | <para>Used to change the maximum number of days between obligatory
|
|---|
| 209 | password changes</para>
|
|---|
| 210 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chage">
|
|---|
| 211 | <primary sortas="b-chage">chage</primary>
|
|---|
| 212 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 213 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 214 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 215 |
|
|---|
| 216 | <varlistentry id="chfn">
|
|---|
| 217 | <term><command>chfn</command></term>
|
|---|
| 218 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 219 | <para>Used to change a user's full name and other information</para>
|
|---|
| 220 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chfn">
|
|---|
| 221 | <primary sortas="b-chfn">chfn</primary>
|
|---|
| 222 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 223 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 224 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 225 |
|
|---|
| 226 | <varlistentry id="chgpasswd">
|
|---|
| 227 | <term><command>chgpasswd</command></term>
|
|---|
| 228 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 229 | <para>Used to update group passwords in batch mode</para>
|
|---|
| 230 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chgpasswd">
|
|---|
| 231 | <primary sortas="b-chgpasswd">chgpasswd</primary>
|
|---|
| 232 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 233 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 234 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 235 |
|
|---|
| 236 | <varlistentry id="chpasswd">
|
|---|
| 237 | <term><command>chpasswd</command></term>
|
|---|
| 238 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 239 | <para>Used to update the passwords of an entire series of user
|
|---|
| 240 | accounts</para>
|
|---|
| 241 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chpasswd">
|
|---|
| 242 | <primary sortas="b-chpasswd">chpasswd</primary>
|
|---|
| 243 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 244 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 245 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 246 |
|
|---|
| 247 | <varlistentry id="chsh">
|
|---|
| 248 | <term><command>chsh</command></term>
|
|---|
| 249 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 250 | <para>Used to change a user's default login shell</para>
|
|---|
| 251 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chsh">
|
|---|
| 252 | <primary sortas="b-chsh">chsh</primary>
|
|---|
| 253 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 254 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 255 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 256 |
|
|---|
| 257 | <varlistentry id="expiry">
|
|---|
| 258 | <term><command>expiry</command></term>
|
|---|
| 259 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 260 | <para>Checks and enforces the current password expiration policy</para>
|
|---|
| 261 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow expiry">
|
|---|
| 262 | <primary sortas="b-expiry">expiry</primary>
|
|---|
| 263 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 264 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 265 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 266 |
|
|---|
| 267 | <varlistentry id="faillog">
|
|---|
| 268 | <term><command>faillog</command></term>
|
|---|
| 269 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 270 | <para>Is used to examine the log of login failures, to set a maximum
|
|---|
| 271 | number of failures before an account is blocked, or to reset the
|
|---|
| 272 | failure count</para>
|
|---|
| 273 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow faillog">
|
|---|
| 274 | <primary sortas="b-faillog">faillog</primary>
|
|---|
| 275 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 276 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 277 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 278 |
|
|---|
| 279 | <varlistentry id="gpasswd">
|
|---|
| 280 | <term><command>gpasswd</command></term>
|
|---|
| 281 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 282 | <para>Is used to add and delete members and administrators to
|
|---|
| 283 | groups</para>
|
|---|
| 284 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow gpasswd">
|
|---|
| 285 | <primary sortas="b-gpasswd">gpasswd</primary>
|
|---|
| 286 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 287 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 288 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 289 |
|
|---|
| 290 | <varlistentry id="groupadd">
|
|---|
| 291 | <term><command>groupadd</command></term>
|
|---|
| 292 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 293 | <para>Creates a group with the given name</para>
|
|---|
| 294 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow groupadd">
|
|---|
| 295 | <primary sortas="b-groupadd">groupadd</primary>
|
|---|
| 296 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 297 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 298 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 299 |
|
|---|
| 300 | <varlistentry id="groupdel">
|
|---|
| 301 | <term><command>groupdel</command></term>
|
|---|
| 302 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 303 | <para>Deletes the group with the given name</para>
|
|---|
| 304 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow groupdel">
|
|---|
| 305 | <primary sortas="b-groupdel">groupdel</primary>
|
|---|
| 306 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 307 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 308 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 309 |
|
|---|
| 310 | <varlistentry id="groupmod">
|
|---|
| 311 | <term><command>groupmod</command></term>
|
|---|
| 312 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 313 | <para>Is used to modify the given group's name or GID</para>
|
|---|
| 314 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow groupmod">
|
|---|
| 315 | <primary sortas="b-groupmod">groupmod</primary>
|
|---|
| 316 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 317 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 318 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 319 |
|
|---|
| 320 | <varlistentry id="grpck">
|
|---|
| 321 | <term><command>grpck</command></term>
|
|---|
| 322 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 323 | <para>Verifies the integrity of the group files
|
|---|
| 324 | <filename>/etc/group</filename> and
|
|---|
| 325 | <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></para>
|
|---|
| 326 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow grpck">
|
|---|
| 327 | <primary sortas="b-grpck">grpck</primary>
|
|---|
| 328 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 329 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 330 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 331 |
|
|---|
| 332 | <varlistentry id="grpconv">
|
|---|
| 333 | <term><command>grpconv</command></term>
|
|---|
| 334 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 335 | <para>Creates or updates the shadow group file from the normal
|
|---|
| 336 | group file</para>
|
|---|
| 337 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow grpconv">
|
|---|
| 338 | <primary sortas="b-grpconv">grpconv</primary>
|
|---|
| 339 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 340 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 341 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 342 |
|
|---|
| 343 | <varlistentry id="grpunconv">
|
|---|
| 344 | <term><command>grpunconv</command></term>
|
|---|
| 345 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 346 | <para>Updates <filename>/etc/group</filename> from
|
|---|
| 347 | <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> and then deletes the latter</para>
|
|---|
| 348 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow grpunconv">
|
|---|
| 349 | <primary sortas="b-grpunconv">grpunconv</primary>
|
|---|
| 350 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 351 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 352 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 353 |
|
|---|
| 354 | <varlistentry id="lastlog">
|
|---|
| 355 | <term><command>lastlog</command></term>
|
|---|
| 356 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 357 | <para>Reports the most recent login of all users or of a
|
|---|
| 358 | given user</para>
|
|---|
| 359 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow lastlog">
|
|---|
| 360 | <primary sortas="b-lastlog">lastlog</primary>
|
|---|
| 361 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 362 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 363 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 364 |
|
|---|
| 365 | <varlistentry id="login">
|
|---|
| 366 | <term><command>login</command></term>
|
|---|
| 367 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 368 | <para>Is used by the system to let users sign on</para>
|
|---|
| 369 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow login">
|
|---|
| 370 | <primary sortas="b-login">login</primary>
|
|---|
| 371 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 372 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 373 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 374 |
|
|---|
| 375 | <varlistentry id="logoutd">
|
|---|
| 376 | <term><command>logoutd</command></term>
|
|---|
| 377 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 378 | <para>Is a daemon used to enforce restrictions on log-on time
|
|---|
| 379 | and ports</para>
|
|---|
| 380 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow logoutd">
|
|---|
| 381 | <primary sortas="b-logoutd">logoutd</primary>
|
|---|
| 382 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 383 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 384 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 385 |
|
|---|
| 386 | <varlistentry id="newgrp">
|
|---|
| 387 | <term><command>newgrp</command></term>
|
|---|
| 388 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 389 | <para>Is used to change the current GID during a login session</para>
|
|---|
| 390 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow newgrp">
|
|---|
| 391 | <primary sortas="b-newgrp">newgrp</primary>
|
|---|
| 392 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 393 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 394 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 395 |
|
|---|
| 396 | <varlistentry id="newusers">
|
|---|
| 397 | <term><command>newusers</command></term>
|
|---|
| 398 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 399 | <para>Is used to create or update an entire series of user
|
|---|
| 400 | accounts</para>
|
|---|
| 401 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow newusers">
|
|---|
| 402 | <primary sortas="b-newusers">newusers</primary>
|
|---|
| 403 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 404 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 405 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 406 |
|
|---|
| 407 | <varlistentry id="nologin">
|
|---|
| 408 | <term><command>nologin</command></term>
|
|---|
| 409 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 410 | <para>Displays a message that an account is not available. Designed
|
|---|
| 411 | to be used as the default shell for accounts that have been
|
|---|
| 412 | disabled</para>
|
|---|
| 413 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow nologin">
|
|---|
| 414 | <primary sortas="b-nologin">nologin</primary>
|
|---|
| 415 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 416 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 417 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 418 |
|
|---|
| 419 | <varlistentry id="passwd">
|
|---|
| 420 | <term><command>passwd</command></term>
|
|---|
| 421 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 422 | <para>Is used to change the password for a user or group account</para>
|
|---|
| 423 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow passwd">
|
|---|
| 424 | <primary sortas="b-passwd">passwd</primary>
|
|---|
| 425 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 426 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 427 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 428 |
|
|---|
| 429 | <varlistentry id="pwck">
|
|---|
| 430 | <term><command>pwck</command></term>
|
|---|
| 431 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 432 | <para>Verifies the integrity of the password files
|
|---|
| 433 | <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and
|
|---|
| 434 | <filename>/etc/shadow</filename></para>
|
|---|
| 435 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow pwck">
|
|---|
| 436 | <primary sortas="b-pwck">pwck</primary>
|
|---|
| 437 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 438 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 439 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 440 |
|
|---|
| 441 | <varlistentry id="pwconv">
|
|---|
| 442 | <term><command>pwconv</command></term>
|
|---|
| 443 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 444 | <para>Creates or updates the shadow password file from the normal
|
|---|
| 445 | password file</para>
|
|---|
| 446 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow pwconv">
|
|---|
| 447 | <primary sortas="b-pwconv">pwconv</primary>
|
|---|
| 448 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 449 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 450 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 451 |
|
|---|
| 452 | <varlistentry id="pwunconv">
|
|---|
| 453 | <term><command>pwunconv</command></term>
|
|---|
| 454 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 455 | <para>Updates <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> from
|
|---|
| 456 | <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> and then deletes the latter</para>
|
|---|
| 457 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow pwunconv">
|
|---|
| 458 | <primary sortas="b-pwunconv">pwunconv</primary>
|
|---|
| 459 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 460 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 461 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 462 |
|
|---|
| 463 | <varlistentry id="sg">
|
|---|
| 464 | <term><command>sg</command></term>
|
|---|
| 465 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 466 | <para>Executes a given command while the user's GID
|
|---|
| 467 | is set to that of the given group</para>
|
|---|
| 468 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow sg">
|
|---|
| 469 | <primary sortas="b-sg">sg</primary>
|
|---|
| 470 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 471 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 472 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 473 |
|
|---|
| 474 | <varlistentry id="su">
|
|---|
| 475 | <term><command>su</command></term>
|
|---|
| 476 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 477 | <para>Runs a shell with substitute user and group IDs</para>
|
|---|
| 478 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow su">
|
|---|
| 479 | <primary sortas="b-su">su</primary>
|
|---|
| 480 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 481 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 482 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 483 |
|
|---|
| 484 | <varlistentry id="useradd">
|
|---|
| 485 | <term><command>useradd</command></term>
|
|---|
| 486 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 487 | <para>Creates a new user with the given name, or updates the default
|
|---|
| 488 | new-user information</para>
|
|---|
| 489 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow useradd">
|
|---|
| 490 | <primary sortas="b-useradd">useradd</primary>
|
|---|
| 491 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 492 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 493 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 494 |
|
|---|
| 495 | <varlistentry id="userdel">
|
|---|
| 496 | <term><command>userdel</command></term>
|
|---|
| 497 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 498 | <para>Deletes the given user account</para>
|
|---|
| 499 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow userdel">
|
|---|
| 500 | <primary sortas="b-userdel">userdel</primary>
|
|---|
| 501 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 502 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 503 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 504 |
|
|---|
| 505 | <varlistentry id="usermod">
|
|---|
| 506 | <term><command>usermod</command></term>
|
|---|
| 507 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 508 | <para>Is used to modify the given user's login name, User
|
|---|
| 509 | Identification (UID), shell, initial group, home directory, etc.</para>
|
|---|
| 510 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow usermod">
|
|---|
| 511 | <primary sortas="b-usermod">usermod</primary>
|
|---|
| 512 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 513 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 514 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 515 |
|
|---|
| 516 | <varlistentry id="vigr">
|
|---|
| 517 | <term><command>vigr</command></term>
|
|---|
| 518 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 519 | <para>Edits the <filename>/etc/group</filename> or
|
|---|
| 520 | <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> files</para>
|
|---|
| 521 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow vigr">
|
|---|
| 522 | <primary sortas="b-vigr">vigr</primary>
|
|---|
| 523 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 524 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 525 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 526 |
|
|---|
| 527 | <varlistentry id="vipw">
|
|---|
| 528 | <term><command>vipw</command></term>
|
|---|
| 529 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 530 | <para>Edits the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> or
|
|---|
| 531 | <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> files</para>
|
|---|
| 532 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow vipw">
|
|---|
| 533 | <primary sortas="b-vipw">vipw</primary>
|
|---|
| 534 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 535 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 536 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 537 |
|
|---|
| 538 | <varlistentry id="libshadow">
|
|---|
| 539 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libshadow</filename></term>
|
|---|
| 540 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 541 | <para>Contains functions used by most programs in this package</para>
|
|---|
| 542 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow libshadow">
|
|---|
| 543 | <primary sortas="c-libshadow">libshadow</primary>
|
|---|
| 544 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 545 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 546 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 547 |
|
|---|
| 548 | </variablelist>
|
|---|
| 549 |
|
|---|
| 550 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 551 |
|
|---|
| 552 | </sect1>
|
|---|
