| 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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| 7 |
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| 8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-shadow" role="wrap">
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| 9 | <?dbhtml filename="shadow.html"?>
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| 10 |
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| 11 | <title>Shadow-&shadow-version;</title>
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| 12 |
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| 13 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow">
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| 14 | <primary sortas="a-Shadow">Shadow</primary>
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| 15 | </indexterm>
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| 16 |
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| 17 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 18 | <title/>
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| 19 |
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| 20 | <para>The Shadow package contains programs for handling passwords in a
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| 21 | secure way.</para>
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| 22 |
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| 23 | </sect2>
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| 24 |
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| 25 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 26 | <title>Installation of Shadow</title>
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| 27 |
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| 28 | <note os="a">
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| 29 | <para>If you would like to enforce the use of strong passwords,
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| 30 | refer to <ulink url="&blfs-root;view/svn/postlfs/cracklib.html"/>
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| 31 | for installing Cracklib prior to building Shadow. Then add
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| 32 | <parameter>--with-libcrack</parameter> to the <command>configure</command>
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| 33 | command below.</para>
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| 34 | </note>
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| 35 |
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| 36 | <para os="p1">The following patch fixes an issue in useradd, where it only
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| 37 | accepts group names, not group id numbers:</para>
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| 38 |
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| 39 | <screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&shadow-useradd_fix-patch;</userinput></screen>
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| 40 |
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| 41 | <para os="b">Create a config.cache containing information about a test that
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| 42 | cannot be run when cross-compiling:</para>
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| 43 |
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| 44 | <screen os="c"><userinput>echo "ac_cv_func_setpgrp_void=yes" > config.cache</userinput></screen>
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| 45 |
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| 46 | <para os="d">Prepare Shadow for compilation:</para>
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| 47 |
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| 48 | <screen os="e"><userinput>./configure --build=${CLFS_HOST} --host=${CLFS_TARGET} \
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| 49 | --libdir=/lib --sysconfdir=/etc --enable-shared \
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| 50 | --without-libpam --without-audit --without-selinux \
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| 51 | --cache-file=config.cache</userinput></screen>
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| 52 |
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| 53 | <para os="f">The meaning of the configure options:</para>
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| 54 |
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| 55 | <variablelist os="g">
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| 56 | <varlistentry>
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| 57 | <term><parameter>--sysconfdir=/etc</parameter></term>
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| 58 | <listitem><para>Tells Shadow to install its configuration files into
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| 59 | /etc, rather than /usr/etc.</para></listitem>
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| 60 | </varlistentry>
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| 61 | <varlistentry>
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| 62 | <term><parameter>--without-libpam</parameter></term>
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| 63 | <listitem><para>Support for Linux-PAM is enabled by default in Shadow,
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| 64 | however PAM is not installed on a base CLFS system, so this switch
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| 65 | disables PAM support in Shadow. For instructions to install PAM and
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| 66 | link Shadow to it, you can look at
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| 67 | <ulink url="&blfs-root;view/svn/postlfs/shadow.html"/>.</para></listitem>
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| 68 | </varlistentry>
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| 69 | <varlistentry>
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| 70 | <term><parameter>--without-audit</parameter></term>
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| 71 | <listitem><para>Support for auditing is enabled by default, but a
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| 72 | library that it needs is not installed in a base CLFS system. This
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| 73 | switch disables auditing support.</para></listitem>
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| 74 | </varlistentry>
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| 75 | <varlistentry>
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| 76 | <term><parameter>--without-selinux</parameter></term>
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| 77 | <listitem><para>Support for selinux is enabled by default, but selinux
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| 78 | is not built in a base CLFS system and configure will fail without this
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| 79 | switch.</para></listitem>
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| 80 | </varlistentry>
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| 81 | </variablelist>
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| 82 |
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| 83 | <para os="h">Disable the installation of the <command>groups</command>
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| 84 | program and its man pages, as Coreutils provides a better version:</para>
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| 85 |
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| 86 | <screen os="i"><userinput>cp src/Makefile{,.orig}
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| 87 | sed 's/groups$(EXEEXT) //' src/Makefile.orig > src/Makefile
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| 88 | cp man/Makefile{,.orig}
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| 89 | sed -e '/groups1.xml/d' \
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| 90 | -e 's/groups.1//' man/Makefile.orig > man/Makefile</userinput></screen>
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| 91 |
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| 92 | <para os="j">Compile the package:</para>
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| 93 |
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| 94 | <screen os="k"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
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| 95 |
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| 96 | <para os="l">Install the package:</para>
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| 97 |
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| 98 | <screen os="m"><userinput>make DESTDIR=${CLFS} install</userinput></screen>
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| 99 |
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| 100 | <para id="shadow-login_defs" os="r">Instead of using the default
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| 101 | <emphasis>crypt</emphasis> method, use the more secure
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| 102 | <emphasis>MD5</emphasis> method of password encryption, which also allows
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| 103 | passwords longer than 8 characters. It is also necessary to change the
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| 104 | obsolete <filename class="directory">/var/spool/mail</filename> location
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| 105 | for user mailboxes that Shadow uses by default to the <filename
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| 106 | class="directory">/var/mail</filename> location used currently. Use the
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| 107 | following sed command to make these changes to the appropriate
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| 108 | configuration file:</para>
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| 109 |
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| 110 | <indexterm zone="shadow-login_defs" os="s">
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| 111 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/login.defs">/etc/login.defs</primary>
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| 112 | </indexterm>
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| 113 |
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| 114 | <screen os="t"><userinput>cp ${CLFS}/etc/login.defs login.defs.orig
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| 115 | sed -e's@#MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.no@MD5_CRYPT_ENAB yes@' \
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| 116 | -e 's@/var/spool/mail@/var/mail@' \
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| 117 | login.defs.orig > ${CLFS}/etc/login.defs</userinput></screen>
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| 118 |
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| 119 | <note os="u">
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| 120 | <para>If you built Shadow with Cracklib support, execute
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| 121 | this <command>sed</command> to correct the path to the Cracklib
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| 122 | dictionary:</para>
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| 123 |
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| 124 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>cp ${CLFS}/etc/login.defs login.defs.orig
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| 125 | sed 's@DICTPATH.*@DICTPATH\t/lib/cracklib/pw_dict@' login.defs.orig > ${CLFS}/etc/login.defs</userinput></screen>
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| 126 | </note>
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| 127 |
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| 128 | <para os="v">Move a misplaced program to its proper location:</para>
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| 129 |
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| 130 | <screen os="w"><userinput>mv -v ${CLFS}/usr/bin/passwd ${CLFS}/bin</userinput></screen>
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| 131 |
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| 132 | <para os="x">Move Shadow's static and dynamic libraries to a more
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| 133 | appropriate location:</para>
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| 134 |
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| 135 | <screen os="y"><userinput>mv -v ${CLFS}/lib/libshadow.*a ${CLFS}/usr/lib
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| 136 | rm -v ${CLFS}/lib/libshadow.so
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| 137 | ln -svf ../../lib/libshadow.so.0 ${CLFS}/usr/lib/libshadow.so</userinput></screen>
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| 138 |
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| 139 | </sect2>
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| 140 |
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| 141 | <sect2 id="conf-shadow" role="configuration">
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| 142 | <title>Configuring Shadow</title>
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| 143 |
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| 144 | <indexterm zone="conf-shadow">
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| 145 | <primary sortas="a-Shadow">Shadow</primary>
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| 146 | <secondary>configuring</secondary>
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| 147 | </indexterm>
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| 148 |
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| 149 | <para>This package contains utilities to add, modify, and delete users and
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| 150 | groups; set and change their passwords; and perform other administrative
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| 151 | tasks. For a full explanation of what <emphasis>password shadowing</emphasis>
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| 152 | means, see the <filename>doc/HOWTO</filename> file within the unpacked source
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| 153 | tree. If using Shadow support, keep in mind that programs which need to
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| 154 | verify passwords (display managers, FTP programs, pop3 daemons, etc.) must
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| 155 | be Shadow-compliant. That is, they need to be able to work with shadowed
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| 156 | passwords.</para>
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| 157 |
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| 158 | <para>To enable shadowed passwords, run the following command:</para>
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| 159 |
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| 160 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>${CLFS_TARGET}-pwconv</userinput></screen>
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| 161 |
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| 162 | <para>To enable shadowed group passwords, run:</para>
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| 163 |
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| 164 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>${CLFS_TARGET}-grpconv</userinput></screen>
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| 165 |
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| 166 | <para>To view or change the default settings for new user accounts that
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| 167 | you create, you can edit <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>. See
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| 168 | <command>man useradd</command> or
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| 169 | <ulink url="&blfs-root;view/svn/postlfs/skel.html"/> for more
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| 170 | information.</para>
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| 171 |
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| 172 | </sect2>
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| 173 |
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| 174 | <sect2 id="root-password" role="configuration">
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| 175 | <title>Setting the root password</title>
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| 176 |
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| 177 | <para>Choose a password for user <systemitem
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| 178 | class="username">root</systemitem> and set it by running:</para>
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| 179 |
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| 180 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>${CLFS_TARGET}-passwd root</userinput></screen>
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| 181 |
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| 182 | </sect2>
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| 183 |
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| 184 | <sect2 id="contents-shadow" role="content">
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| 185 | <title>Contents of Shadow</title>
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| 186 |
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| 187 | <segmentedlist>
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| 188 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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| 189 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
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| 190 |
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| 191 | <seglistitem>
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| 192 | <seg>chage, chfn, chpasswd, chgpasswd, chsh, expiry, faillog, gpasswd,
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| 193 | groupadd, groupdel, groupmod, grpck, grpconv, grpunconv, lastlog,
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| 194 | login, logoutd, newgrp, newusers, nologin, passwd, pwck, pwconv,
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| 195 | pwunconv, sg (link to newgrp), useradd, userdel, usermod,
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| 196 | vigr (link to vipw), and vipw</seg>
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| 197 | <seg>libshadow.[a,so]</seg>
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| 198 | </seglistitem>
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| 199 | </segmentedlist>
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| 200 |
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| 201 | <variablelist>
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| 202 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 203 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 204 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 205 |
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| 206 | <varlistentry id="chage">
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| 207 | <term><command>chage</command></term>
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| 208 | <listitem>
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| 209 | <para>Used to change the maximum number of days between obligatory
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| 210 | password changes</para>
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| 211 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chage">
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| 212 | <primary sortas="b-chage">chage</primary>
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| 213 | </indexterm>
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| 214 | </listitem>
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| 215 | </varlistentry>
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| 216 |
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| 217 | <varlistentry id="chfn">
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| 218 | <term><command>chfn</command></term>
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| 219 | <listitem>
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| 220 | <para>Used to change a user's full name and other information</para>
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| 221 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chfn">
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| 222 | <primary sortas="b-chfn">chfn</primary>
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| 223 | </indexterm>
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| 224 | </listitem>
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| 225 | </varlistentry>
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| 226 |
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| 227 | <varlistentry id="chgpasswd">
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| 228 | <term><command>chgpasswd</command></term>
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| 229 | <listitem>
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| 230 | <para>Used to update group passwords in batch mode</para>
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| 231 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chgpasswd">
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| 232 | <primary sortas="b-chgpasswd">chgpasswd</primary>
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| 233 | </indexterm>
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| 234 | </listitem>
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| 235 | </varlistentry>
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| 236 |
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| 237 | <varlistentry id="chpasswd">
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| 238 | <term><command>chpasswd</command></term>
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| 239 | <listitem>
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| 240 | <para>Used to update the passwords of an entire series of user
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| 241 | accounts</para>
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| 242 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chpasswd">
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| 243 | <primary sortas="b-chpasswd">chpasswd</primary>
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| 244 | </indexterm>
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| 245 | </listitem>
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| 246 | </varlistentry>
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| 247 |
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| 248 | <varlistentry id="chsh">
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| 249 | <term><command>chsh</command></term>
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| 250 | <listitem>
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| 251 | <para>Used to change a user's default login shell</para>
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| 252 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chsh">
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| 253 | <primary sortas="b-chsh">chsh</primary>
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| 254 | </indexterm>
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| 255 | </listitem>
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| 256 | </varlistentry>
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| 257 |
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| 258 | <varlistentry id="expiry">
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| 259 | <term><command>expiry</command></term>
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| 260 | <listitem>
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| 261 | <para>Checks and enforces the current password expiration policy</para>
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| 262 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow expiry">
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| 263 | <primary sortas="b-expiry">expiry</primary>
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| 264 | </indexterm>
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| 265 | </listitem>
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| 266 | </varlistentry>
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| 267 |
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| 268 | <varlistentry id="faillog">
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| 269 | <term><command>faillog</command></term>
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| 270 | <listitem>
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| 271 | <para>Is used to examine the log of login failures, to set a maximum
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| 272 | number of failures before an account is blocked, or to reset the
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| 273 | failure count</para>
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| 274 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow faillog">
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| 275 | <primary sortas="b-faillog">faillog</primary>
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| 276 | </indexterm>
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| 277 | </listitem>
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| 278 | </varlistentry>
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| 279 |
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| 280 | <varlistentry id="gpasswd">
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| 281 | <term><command>gpasswd</command></term>
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| 282 | <listitem>
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| 283 | <para>Is used to add and delete members and administrators to
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| 284 | groups</para>
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| 285 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow gpasswd">
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| 286 | <primary sortas="b-gpasswd">gpasswd</primary>
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| 287 | </indexterm>
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| 288 | </listitem>
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| 289 | </varlistentry>
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| 290 |
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| 291 | <varlistentry id="groupadd">
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| 292 | <term><command>groupadd</command></term>
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| 293 | <listitem>
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| 294 | <para>Creates a group with the given name</para>
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| 295 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow groupadd">
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| 296 | <primary sortas="b-groupadd">groupadd</primary>
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| 297 | </indexterm>
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| 298 | </listitem>
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| 299 | </varlistentry>
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| 300 |
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| 301 | <varlistentry id="groupdel">
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| 302 | <term><command>groupdel</command></term>
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| 303 | <listitem>
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| 304 | <para>Deletes the group with the given name</para>
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| 305 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow groupdel">
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| 306 | <primary sortas="b-groupdel">groupdel</primary>
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| 307 | </indexterm>
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| 308 | </listitem>
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| 309 | </varlistentry>
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| 310 |
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| 311 | <varlistentry id="groupmod">
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| 312 | <term><command>groupmod</command></term>
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| 313 | <listitem>
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| 314 | <para>Is used to modify the given group's name or GID</para>
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| 315 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow groupmod">
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| 316 | <primary sortas="b-groupmod">groupmod</primary>
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| 317 | </indexterm>
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| 318 | </listitem>
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| 319 | </varlistentry>
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| 320 |
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| 321 | <varlistentry id="grpck">
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| 322 | <term><command>grpck</command></term>
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| 323 | <listitem>
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| 324 | <para>Verifies the integrity of the group files
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| 325 | <filename>/etc/group</filename> and
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| 326 | <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></para>
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| 327 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow grpck">
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| 328 | <primary sortas="b-grpck">grpck</primary>
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| 329 | </indexterm>
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| 330 | </listitem>
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| 331 | </varlistentry>
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| 332 |
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| 333 | <varlistentry id="grpconv">
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| 334 | <term><command>grpconv</command></term>
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| 335 | <listitem>
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| 336 | <para>Creates or updates the shadow group file from the normal
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| 337 | group file</para>
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| 338 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow grpconv">
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| 339 | <primary sortas="b-grpconv">grpconv</primary>
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| 340 | </indexterm>
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| 341 | </listitem>
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| 342 | </varlistentry>
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| 343 |
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| 344 | <varlistentry id="grpunconv">
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| 345 | <term><command>grpunconv</command></term>
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| 346 | <listitem>
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| 347 | <para>Updates <filename>/etc/group</filename> from
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| 348 | <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> and then deletes the latter</para>
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| 349 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow grpunconv">
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| 350 | <primary sortas="b-grpunconv">grpunconv</primary>
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| 351 | </indexterm>
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| 352 | </listitem>
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| 353 | </varlistentry>
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| 354 |
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| 355 | <varlistentry id="lastlog">
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| 356 | <term><command>lastlog</command></term>
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| 357 | <listitem>
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| 358 | <para>Reports the most recent login of all users or of a
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| 359 | given user</para>
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| 360 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow lastlog">
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| 361 | <primary sortas="b-lastlog">lastlog</primary>
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| 362 | </indexterm>
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| 363 | </listitem>
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| 364 | </varlistentry>
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| 365 |
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| 366 | <varlistentry id="login">
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| 367 | <term><command>login</command></term>
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| 368 | <listitem>
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| 369 | <para>Is used by the system to let users sign on</para>
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| 370 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow login">
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| 371 | <primary sortas="b-login">login</primary>
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| 372 | </indexterm>
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| 373 | </listitem>
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| 374 | </varlistentry>
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| 375 |
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| 376 | <varlistentry id="logoutd">
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| 377 | <term><command>logoutd</command></term>
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| 378 | <listitem>
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|---|
| 379 | <para>Is a daemon used to enforce restrictions on log-on time
|
|---|
| 380 | and ports</para>
|
|---|
| 381 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow logoutd">
|
|---|
| 382 | <primary sortas="b-logoutd">logoutd</primary>
|
|---|
| 383 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 384 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 385 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 386 |
|
|---|
| 387 | <varlistentry id="newgrp">
|
|---|
| 388 | <term><command>newgrp</command></term>
|
|---|
| 389 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 390 | <para>Is used to change the current GID during a login session</para>
|
|---|
| 391 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow newgrp">
|
|---|
| 392 | <primary sortas="b-newgrp">newgrp</primary>
|
|---|
| 393 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 394 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 395 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 396 |
|
|---|
| 397 | <varlistentry id="newusers">
|
|---|
| 398 | <term><command>newusers</command></term>
|
|---|
| 399 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 400 | <para>Is used to create or update an entire series of user
|
|---|
| 401 | accounts</para>
|
|---|
| 402 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow newusers">
|
|---|
| 403 | <primary sortas="b-newusers">newusers</primary>
|
|---|
| 404 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 405 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 406 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 407 |
|
|---|
| 408 | <varlistentry id="nologin">
|
|---|
| 409 | <term><command>nologin</command></term>
|
|---|
| 410 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 411 | <para>Displays a message that an account is not available. Designed
|
|---|
| 412 | to be used as the default shell for accounts that have been
|
|---|
| 413 | disabled</para>
|
|---|
| 414 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow nologin">
|
|---|
| 415 | <primary sortas="b-nologin">nologin</primary>
|
|---|
| 416 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 417 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 418 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 419 |
|
|---|
| 420 | <varlistentry id="passwd">
|
|---|
| 421 | <term><command>passwd</command></term>
|
|---|
| 422 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 423 | <para>Is used to change the password for a user or group account</para>
|
|---|
| 424 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow passwd">
|
|---|
| 425 | <primary sortas="b-passwd">passwd</primary>
|
|---|
| 426 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 427 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 428 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 429 |
|
|---|
| 430 | <varlistentry id="pwck">
|
|---|
| 431 | <term><command>pwck</command></term>
|
|---|
| 432 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 433 | <para>Verifies the integrity of the password files
|
|---|
| 434 | <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and
|
|---|
| 435 | <filename>/etc/shadow</filename></para>
|
|---|
| 436 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow pwck">
|
|---|
| 437 | <primary sortas="b-pwck">pwck</primary>
|
|---|
| 438 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 439 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 440 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 441 |
|
|---|
| 442 | <varlistentry id="pwconv">
|
|---|
| 443 | <term><command>pwconv</command></term>
|
|---|
| 444 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 445 | <para>Creates or updates the shadow password file from the normal
|
|---|
| 446 | password file</para>
|
|---|
| 447 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow pwconv">
|
|---|
| 448 | <primary sortas="b-pwconv">pwconv</primary>
|
|---|
| 449 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 450 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 451 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 452 |
|
|---|
| 453 | <varlistentry id="pwunconv">
|
|---|
| 454 | <term><command>pwunconv</command></term>
|
|---|
| 455 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 456 | <para>Updates <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> from
|
|---|
| 457 | <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> and then deletes the latter</para>
|
|---|
| 458 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow pwunconv">
|
|---|
| 459 | <primary sortas="b-pwunconv">pwunconv</primary>
|
|---|
| 460 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 461 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 462 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 463 |
|
|---|
| 464 | <varlistentry id="sg">
|
|---|
| 465 | <term><command>sg</command></term>
|
|---|
| 466 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 467 | <para>Executes a given command while the user's GID
|
|---|
| 468 | is set to that of the given group</para>
|
|---|
| 469 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow sg">
|
|---|
| 470 | <primary sortas="b-sg">sg</primary>
|
|---|
| 471 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 472 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 473 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 474 |
|
|---|
| 475 | <varlistentry id="su">
|
|---|
| 476 | <term><command>su</command></term>
|
|---|
| 477 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 478 | <para>Runs a shell with substitute user and group IDs</para>
|
|---|
| 479 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow su">
|
|---|
| 480 | <primary sortas="b-su">su</primary>
|
|---|
| 481 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 482 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 483 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 484 |
|
|---|
| 485 | <varlistentry id="useradd">
|
|---|
| 486 | <term><command>useradd</command></term>
|
|---|
| 487 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 488 | <para>Creates a new user with the given name, or updates the default
|
|---|
| 489 | new-user information</para>
|
|---|
| 490 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow useradd">
|
|---|
| 491 | <primary sortas="b-useradd">useradd</primary>
|
|---|
| 492 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 493 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 494 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 495 |
|
|---|
| 496 | <varlistentry id="userdel">
|
|---|
| 497 | <term><command>userdel</command></term>
|
|---|
| 498 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 499 | <para>Deletes the given user account</para>
|
|---|
| 500 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow userdel">
|
|---|
| 501 | <primary sortas="b-userdel">userdel</primary>
|
|---|
| 502 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 503 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 504 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 505 |
|
|---|
| 506 | <varlistentry id="usermod">
|
|---|
| 507 | <term><command>usermod</command></term>
|
|---|
| 508 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 509 | <para>Is used to modify the given user's login name, User
|
|---|
| 510 | Identification (UID), shell, initial group, home directory, etc.</para>
|
|---|
| 511 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow usermod">
|
|---|
| 512 | <primary sortas="b-usermod">usermod</primary>
|
|---|
| 513 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 514 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 515 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 516 |
|
|---|
| 517 | <varlistentry id="vigr">
|
|---|
| 518 | <term><command>vigr</command></term>
|
|---|
| 519 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 520 | <para>Edits the <filename>/etc/group</filename> or
|
|---|
| 521 | <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> files</para>
|
|---|
| 522 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow vigr">
|
|---|
| 523 | <primary sortas="b-vigr">vigr</primary>
|
|---|
| 524 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 525 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 526 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 527 |
|
|---|
| 528 | <varlistentry id="vipw">
|
|---|
| 529 | <term><command>vipw</command></term>
|
|---|
| 530 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 531 | <para>Edits the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> or
|
|---|
| 532 | <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> files</para>
|
|---|
| 533 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow vipw">
|
|---|
| 534 | <primary sortas="b-vipw">vipw</primary>
|
|---|
| 535 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 536 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 537 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 538 |
|
|---|
| 539 | <varlistentry id="libshadow">
|
|---|
| 540 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libshadow</filename></term>
|
|---|
| 541 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 542 | <para>Contains functions used by most programs in this package</para>
|
|---|
| 543 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow libshadow">
|
|---|
| 544 | <primary sortas="c-libshadow">libshadow</primary>
|
|---|
| 545 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 546 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 547 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 548 |
|
|---|
| 549 | </variablelist>
|
|---|
| 550 |
|
|---|
| 551 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 552 |
|
|---|
| 553 | </sect1>
|
|---|
