source: clfs-sysroot/BOOK/final-system/common/coreutils.xml@ a26e354

Last change on this file since a26e354 was 2270211, checked in by Joe Ciccone <jciccone@…>, 16 years ago

Update Patches in the book.
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
14 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
15 </indexterm>
16
17 <sect2 role="package">
18 <title/>
19
20 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
21 basic system characteristics.</para>
22
23 </sect2>
24
25 <sect2 role="installation">
26 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
27
28 <para os="p1">A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
29 this package is that the <option>-p</option> switch always
30 returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
31 fixes this behavior for all architectures:</para>
32
33<screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
34
35 <para os="s1">The following command renames the internal implementation of
36 futimens to gl_futimens as newer versions of Glibc provide an incompatible
37 version:</para>
38
39<screen os="s2"><userinput>sed -i "s/futimens/gl_&amp;/" $(grep -lr futimens *)</userinput></screen>
40
41 <para os="aa">When the uname patch and the sed above were applied. The
42 source files for uname and touch were updated. Because they have a newer
43 timestamp then the man pages the <filename>Makefile</filename> is going to
44 try to regenerate the man pages. If executables for the target architecture
45 can not be executed by the host system, the build will fail. The following
46 command fixes this by giving the two man pages a newer timestamp then their
47 cooresponding source files:</para>
48
49<screen os="ab"><userinput>touch man/uname.1 man/touch.1</userinput></screen>
50
51 <para os="a">Configure can not properly determine how to get free space
52 when cross-compiling, Without putting the following entry into
53 <filename>config.cache</filename> the <command>df</command> program will
54 not be built.</para>
55
56<screen os="b"><userinput>echo "fu_cv_sys_stat_statfs2_bsize=yes" &gt; config.cache</userinput></screen>
57
58 <para os="c">Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
59
60<screen os="d"><userinput>./configure --build=${CLFS_HOST} --host=${CLFS_TARGET} \
61 --prefix=/usr --cache-file=config.cache </userinput></screen>
62
63 <para os="e">Compile the package:</para>
64
65<screen os="f"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
66
67 <para os="g">Install the package:</para>
68
69<screen os="h"><userinput>make DESTDIR=${CLFS} install</userinput></screen>
70
71 <para os="i">Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
72
73<screen os="j"><userinput>mv -v ${CLFS}/usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date} ${CLFS}/bin
74mv -v ${CLFS}/usr/bin/{dd,df,echo,false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir} ${CLFS}/bin
75mv -v ${CLFS}/usr/bin/{mknod,mv,pwd,rm,rmdir,stty,true,uname} ${CLFS}/bin
76mv -v ${CLFS}/usr/bin/chroot ${CLFS}/usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
77
78 <para os="k">Other Coreutils programs are used by some of the scripts
79 in the CLFS-Bootscripts package. As <filename
80 class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the early
81 stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition:</para>
82
83<screen os="l"><userinput>mv -v ${CLFS}/usr/bin/{[,basename,head,install,nice} ${CLFS}/bin
84mv -v ${CLFS}/usr/bin/{readlink,sleep,sync,test,touch} ${CLFS}/bin
85ln -sfv ../../bin/install ${CLFS}/usr/bin</userinput></screen>
86
87 </sect2>
88
89 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
90 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
91
92 <segmentedlist>
93 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
94
95 <seglistitem>
96 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
97 comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du,
98 echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head,
99 hostid, hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum,
100 mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk, pinky,
101 pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq, sha1sum,
102 sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort,
103 split, stat, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test, touch, tr, true,
104 tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who,
105 whoami, and yes</seg>
106 </seglistitem>
107 </segmentedlist>
108
109 <variablelist>
110 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
111 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
112 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
113
114 <varlistentry id="base64">
115 <term><command>base64</command></term>
116 <listitem>
117 <para>Base64 encode/decode data and print to standard output</para>
118 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
119 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
120 </indexterm>
121 </listitem>
122 </varlistentry>
123
124 <varlistentry id="basename">
125 <term><command>basename</command></term>
126 <listitem>
127 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
128 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
129 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
130 </indexterm>
131 </listitem>
132 </varlistentry>
133
134 <varlistentry id="cat">
135 <term><command>cat</command></term>
136 <listitem>
137 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
138 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
139 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
140 </indexterm>
141 </listitem>
142 </varlistentry>
143
144 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
145 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
146 <listitem>
147 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
148 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
149 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
150 </indexterm>
151 </listitem>
152 </varlistentry>
153
154 <varlistentry id="chmod">
155 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
156 <listitem>
157 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
158 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
159 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
160 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
161 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
162 </indexterm>
163 </listitem>
164 </varlistentry>
165
166 <varlistentry id="chown">
167 <term><command>chown</command></term>
168 <listitem>
169 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
170 directories</para>
171 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
172 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
173 </indexterm>
174 </listitem>
175 </varlistentry>
176
177 <varlistentry id="chroot">
178 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
179 <listitem>
180 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
181 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
182 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
183 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
184 </indexterm>
185 </listitem>
186 </varlistentry>
187
188 <varlistentry id="cksum">
189 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
190 <listitem>
191 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
192 counts of each specified file</para>
193 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
194 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
195 </indexterm>
196 </listitem>
197 </varlistentry>
198
199 <varlistentry id="comm">
200 <term><command>comm</command></term>
201 <listitem>
202 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
203 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
204 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
205 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
206 </indexterm>
207 </listitem>
208 </varlistentry>
209
210 <varlistentry id="cp">
211 <term><command>cp</command></term>
212 <listitem>
213 <para>Copies files</para>
214 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
215 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
216 </indexterm>
217 </listitem>
218 </varlistentry>
219
220 <varlistentry id="csplit">
221 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
222 <listitem>
223 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
224 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
225 count of each new file</para>
226 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
227 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
228 </indexterm>
229 </listitem>
230 </varlistentry>
231
232 <varlistentry id="cut">
233 <term><command>cut</command></term>
234 <listitem>
235 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
236 fields or positions</para>
237 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
238 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
239 </indexterm>
240 </listitem>
241 </varlistentry>
242
243 <varlistentry id="date">
244 <term><command>date</command></term>
245 <listitem>
246 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
247 system date</para>
248 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
249 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
250 </indexterm>
251 </listitem>
252 </varlistentry>
253
254 <varlistentry id="dd">
255 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
256 <listitem>
257 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
258 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
259 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
260 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
261 </indexterm>
262 </listitem>
263 </varlistentry>
264
265 <varlistentry id="df">
266 <term><command>df</command></term>
267 <listitem>
268 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
269 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
270 files</para>
271 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
272 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
273 </indexterm>
274 </listitem>
275 </varlistentry>
276
277 <varlistentry id="dir">
278 <term><command>dir</command></term>
279 <listitem>
280 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
281 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
282 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
283 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
284 </indexterm>
285 </listitem>
286 </varlistentry>
287
288 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
289 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
290 <listitem>
291 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
292 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
293 <command>ls</command></para>
294 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
295 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
296 </indexterm>
297 </listitem>
298 </varlistentry>
299
300 <varlistentry id="dirname">
301 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
302 <listitem>
303 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
304 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
305 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
306 </indexterm>
307 </listitem>
308 </varlistentry>
309
310 <varlistentry id="du">
311 <term><command>du</command></term>
312 <listitem>
313 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
314 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
315 each of the given files</para>
316 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
317 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
318 </indexterm>
319 </listitem>
320 </varlistentry>
321
322 <varlistentry id="echo">
323 <term><command>echo</command></term>
324 <listitem>
325 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
326 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
327 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
328 </indexterm>
329 </listitem>
330 </varlistentry>
331
332 <varlistentry id="env">
333 <term><command>env</command></term>
334 <listitem>
335 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
336 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
337 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
338 </indexterm>
339 </listitem>
340 </varlistentry>
341
342 <varlistentry id="expand">
343 <term><command>expand</command></term>
344 <listitem>
345 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
346 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
347 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
348 </indexterm>
349 </listitem>
350 </varlistentry>
351
352 <varlistentry id="expr">
353 <term><command>expr</command></term>
354 <listitem>
355 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
356 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
357 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
358 </indexterm>
359 </listitem>
360 </varlistentry>
361
362 <varlistentry id="factor">
363 <term><command>factor</command></term>
364 <listitem>
365 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
366 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
367 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
368 </indexterm>
369 </listitem>
370 </varlistentry>
371
372 <varlistentry id="false">
373 <term><command>false</command></term>
374 <listitem>
375 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
376 indicating failure</para>
377 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
378 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
379 </indexterm>
380 </listitem>
381 </varlistentry>
382
383 <varlistentry id="fmt">
384 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
385 <listitem>
386 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
387 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
388 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
389 </indexterm>
390 </listitem>
391 </varlistentry>
392
393 <varlistentry id="fold">
394 <term><command>fold</command></term>
395 <listitem>
396 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
397 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
398 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
399 </indexterm>
400 </listitem>
401 </varlistentry>
402
403 <varlistentry id="groups">
404 <term><command>groups</command></term>
405 <listitem>
406 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
407 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
408 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
409 </indexterm>
410 </listitem>
411 </varlistentry>
412
413 <varlistentry id="head">
414 <term><command>head</command></term>
415 <listitem>
416 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
417 of each given file</para>
418 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
419 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
420 </indexterm>
421 </listitem>
422 </varlistentry>
423
424 <varlistentry id="hostid">
425 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
426 <listitem>
427 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
428 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
429 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
430 </indexterm>
431 </listitem>
432 </varlistentry>
433
434 <varlistentry id="hostname">
435 <term><command>hostname</command></term>
436 <listitem>
437 <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
438 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
439 <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
440 </indexterm>
441 </listitem>
442 </varlistentry>
443
444 <varlistentry id="id">
445 <term><command>id</command></term>
446 <listitem>
447 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
448 of the current user or specified user</para>
449 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
450 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
451 </indexterm>
452 </listitem>
453 </varlistentry>
454
455 <varlistentry id="install">
456 <term><command>install</command> </term>
457 <listitem>
458 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
459 possible, their owner and group</para>
460 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
461 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
462 </indexterm>
463 </listitem>
464 </varlistentry>
465
466 <varlistentry id="join">
467 <term><command>join</command></term>
468 <listitem>
469 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
470 separate files</para>
471 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
472 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
473 </indexterm>
474 </listitem>
475 </varlistentry>
476
477 <varlistentry id="link">
478 <term><command>link</command></term>
479 <listitem>
480 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
481 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
482 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
483 </indexterm>
484 </listitem>
485 </varlistentry>
486
487 <varlistentry id="ln">
488 <term><command>ln</command></term>
489 <listitem>
490 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
491 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
492 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
493 </indexterm>
494 </listitem>
495 </varlistentry>
496
497 <varlistentry id="logname">
498 <term><command>logname</command></term>
499 <listitem>
500 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
501 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
502 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
503 </indexterm>
504 </listitem>
505 </varlistentry>
506
507 <varlistentry id="ls">
508 <term><command>ls</command></term>
509 <listitem>
510 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
511 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
512 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
513 </indexterm>
514 </listitem>
515 </varlistentry>
516
517 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
518 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
519 <listitem>
520 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
521 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
522 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
523 </indexterm>
524 </listitem>
525 </varlistentry>
526
527 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
528 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
529 <listitem>
530 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
531 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
532 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
533 </indexterm>
534 </listitem>
535 </varlistentry>
536
537 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
538 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
539 <listitem>
540 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
541 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
542 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
543 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
544 </indexterm>
545 </listitem>
546 </varlistentry>
547
548 <varlistentry id="mknod">
549 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
550 <listitem>
551 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
552 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
553 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
554 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
555 </indexterm>
556 </listitem>
557 </varlistentry>
558
559 <varlistentry id="mv">
560 <term><command>mv</command></term>
561 <listitem>
562 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
563 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
564 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
565 </indexterm>
566 </listitem>
567 </varlistentry>
568
569 <varlistentry id="nice">
570 <term><command>nice</command></term>
571 <listitem>
572 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
573 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
574 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
575 </indexterm>
576 </listitem>
577 </varlistentry>
578
579 <varlistentry id="nl">
580 <term><command>nl</command></term>
581 <listitem>
582 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
583 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
584 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
585 </indexterm>
586 </listitem>
587 </varlistentry>
588
589 <varlistentry id="nohup">
590 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
591 <listitem>
592 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
593 a log file</para>
594 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
595 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
596 </indexterm>
597 </listitem>
598 </varlistentry>
599
600 <varlistentry id="od">
601 <term><command>od</command></term>
602 <listitem>
603 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
604 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
605 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
606 </indexterm>
607 </listitem>
608 </varlistentry>
609
610 <varlistentry id="paste">
611 <term><command>paste</command></term>
612 <listitem>
613 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
614 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
615 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
616 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
617 </indexterm>
618 </listitem>
619 </varlistentry>
620
621 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
622 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
623 <listitem>
624 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
625 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
626 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
627 </indexterm>
628 </listitem>
629 </varlistentry>
630
631 <varlistentry id="pinky">
632 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
633 <listitem>
634 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
635 about the given users</para>
636 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
637 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
638 </indexterm>
639 </listitem>
640 </varlistentry>
641
642 <varlistentry id="pr">
643 <term><command>pr</command></term>
644 <listitem>
645 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
646 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
647 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
648 </indexterm>
649 </listitem>
650 </varlistentry>
651
652 <varlistentry id="printenv">
653 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
654 <listitem>
655 <para>Prints the environment</para>
656 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
657 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
658 </indexterm>
659 </listitem>
660 </varlistentry>
661
662 <varlistentry id="printf">
663 <term><command>printf</command></term>
664 <listitem>
665 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
666 like the C printf function</para>
667 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
668 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
669 </indexterm>
670 </listitem>
671 </varlistentry>
672
673 <varlistentry id="ptx">
674 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
675 <listitem>
676 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
677 with each keyword in its context</para>
678 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
679 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
680 </indexterm>
681 </listitem>
682 </varlistentry>
683
684 <varlistentry id="pwd">
685 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
686 <listitem>
687 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
688 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
689 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
690 </indexterm>
691 </listitem>
692 </varlistentry>
693
694 <varlistentry id="readlink">
695 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
696 <listitem>
697 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
698 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
699 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
700 </indexterm>
701 </listitem>
702 </varlistentry>
703
704 <varlistentry id="rm">
705 <term><command>rm</command></term>
706 <listitem>
707 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
708 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
709 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
710 </indexterm>
711 </listitem>
712 </varlistentry>
713
714 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
715 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
716 <listitem>
717 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
718 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
719 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
720 </indexterm>
721 </listitem>
722 </varlistentry>
723
724 <varlistentry id="seq">
725 <term><command>seq</command></term>
726 <listitem>
727 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
728 given increment</para>
729 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
730 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
731 </indexterm>
732 </listitem>
733 </varlistentry>
734
735 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
736 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
737 <listitem>
738 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
739 checksums</para>
740 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
741 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
742 </indexterm>
743 </listitem>
744 </varlistentry>
745
746 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
747 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
748 <listitem>
749 <para>Prints or checks SHA224 checksums</para>
750 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
751 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
752 </indexterm>
753 </listitem>
754 </varlistentry>
755
756 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
757 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
758 <listitem>
759 <para>Prints or checks SHA256 checksums</para>
760 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
761 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
762 </indexterm>
763 </listitem>
764 </varlistentry>
765
766 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
767 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
768 <listitem>
769 <para>Prints or checks SHA384 checksums</para>
770 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
771 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
772 </indexterm>
773 </listitem>
774 </varlistentry>
775
776 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
777 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
778 <listitem>
779 <para>Prints or checks SHA512 checksums</para>
780 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
781 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
782 </indexterm>
783 </listitem>
784 </varlistentry>
785
786 <varlistentry id="shred">
787 <term><command>shred</command></term>
788 <listitem>
789 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
790 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
791 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
792 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
793 </indexterm>
794 </listitem>
795 </varlistentry>
796
797 <varlistentry id="shuf">
798 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
799 <listitem>
800 <para>Write a random permutation of the input lines to standard output or a file</para>
801 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
802 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
803 </indexterm>
804 </listitem>
805 </varlistentry>
806
807 <varlistentry id="sleep">
808 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
809 <listitem>
810 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
811 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
812 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
813 </indexterm>
814 </listitem>
815 </varlistentry>
816
817 <varlistentry id="sort">
818 <term><command>sort</command></term>
819 <listitem>
820 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
821 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
822 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
823 </indexterm>
824 </listitem>
825 </varlistentry>
826
827 <varlistentry id="split">
828 <term><command>split</command></term>
829 <listitem>
830 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
831 lines</para>
832 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
833 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
834 </indexterm>
835 </listitem>
836 </varlistentry>
837
838 <varlistentry id="stat">
839 <term><command>stat</command></term>
840 <listitem>
841 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
842 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
843 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
844 </indexterm>
845 </listitem>
846 </varlistentry>
847
848 <varlistentry id="stty">
849 <term><command>stty</command></term>
850 <listitem>
851 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
852 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
853 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
854 </indexterm>
855 </listitem>
856 </varlistentry>
857
858 <varlistentry id="sum">
859 <term><command>sum</command></term>
860 <listitem>
861 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
862 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
863 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
864 </indexterm>
865 </listitem>
866 </varlistentry>
867
868 <varlistentry id="sync">
869 <term><command>sync</command></term>
870 <listitem>
871 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
872 and updates the super block</para>
873 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
874 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
875 </indexterm>
876 </listitem>
877 </varlistentry>
878
879 <varlistentry id="tac">
880 <term><command>tac</command></term>
881 <listitem>
882 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
883 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
884 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
885 </indexterm>
886 </listitem>
887 </varlistentry>
888
889 <varlistentry id="tail">
890 <term><command>tail</command></term>
891 <listitem>
892 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
893 given file</para>
894 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
895 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
896 </indexterm>
897 </listitem>
898 </varlistentry>
899
900 <varlistentry id="tee">
901 <term><command>tee</command></term>
902 <listitem>
903 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
904 and to the given files</para>
905 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
906 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
907 </indexterm>
908 </listitem>
909 </varlistentry>
910
911 <varlistentry id="test">
912 <term><command>test</command> or <command>[</command></term>
913 <listitem>
914 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
915 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
916 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
917 </indexterm>
918 </listitem>
919 </varlistentry>
920
921 <varlistentry id="touch">
922 <term><command>touch</command></term>
923 <listitem>
924 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
925 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
926 are created with zero length</para>
927 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
928 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
929 </indexterm>
930 </listitem>
931 </varlistentry>
932
933 <varlistentry id="tr">
934 <term><command>tr</command></term>
935 <listitem>
936 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
937 standard input</para>
938 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
939 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
940 </indexterm>
941 </listitem>
942 </varlistentry>
943
944 <varlistentry id="true">
945 <term><command>true</command></term>
946 <listitem>
947 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
948 indicating success</para>
949 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
950 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
951 </indexterm>
952 </listitem>
953 </varlistentry>
954
955 <varlistentry id="tsort">
956 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
957 <listitem>
958 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
959 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
960 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
961 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
962 </indexterm>
963 </listitem>
964 </varlistentry>
965
966 <varlistentry id="tty">
967 <term><command>tty</command></term>
968 <listitem>
969 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
970 input</para>
971 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
972 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
973 </indexterm>
974 </listitem>
975 </varlistentry>
976
977 <varlistentry id="uname">
978 <term><command>uname</command></term>
979 <listitem>
980 <para>Reports system information</para>
981 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
982 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
983 </indexterm>
984 </listitem>
985 </varlistentry>
986
987 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
988 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
989 <listitem>
990 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
991 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
992 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
993 </indexterm>
994 </listitem>
995 </varlistentry>
996
997 <varlistentry id="uniq">
998 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
999 <listitem>
1000 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1001 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1002 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1003 </indexterm>
1004 </listitem>
1005 </varlistentry>
1006
1007 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1008 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1009 <listitem>
1010 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1011 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1012 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1013 </indexterm>
1014 </listitem>
1015 </varlistentry>
1016
1017 <varlistentry id="users">
1018 <term><command>users</command></term>
1019 <listitem>
1020 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1021 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1022 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1023 </indexterm>
1024 </listitem>
1025 </varlistentry>
1026
1027 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1028 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1029 <listitem>
1030 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1031 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1032 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1033 </indexterm>
1034 </listitem>
1035 </varlistentry>
1036
1037 <varlistentry id="wc">
1038 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1039 <listitem>
1040 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1041 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1042 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1043 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1044 </indexterm>
1045 </listitem>
1046 </varlistentry>
1047
1048 <varlistentry id="who">
1049 <term><command>who</command></term>
1050 <listitem>
1051 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1052 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1053 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1054 </indexterm>
1055 </listitem>
1056 </varlistentry>
1057
1058 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1059 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1060 <listitem>
1061 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1062 user ID</para>
1063 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1064 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1065 </indexterm>
1066 </listitem>
1067 </varlistentry>
1068
1069 <varlistentry id="yes">
1070 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1071 <listitem>
1072 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1073 killed</para>
1074 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1075 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1076 </indexterm>
1077 </listitem>
1078 </varlistentry>
1079
1080 </variablelist>
1081
1082 </sect2>
1083
1084</sect1>
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