source: clfs-sysroot/BOOK/final-system/common/coreutils.xml@ 030b4d2

Last change on this file since 030b4d2 was d2c51b1, checked in by Joe Ciccone <jciccone@…>, 18 years ago

Updated to Coreutils 6.9.
Updated to M4 1.4.9.
Updated to Gzip 1.3.12.
Updated to Psmisc 22.5.
Updated to Man Pages 2.46.
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 37.1 KB
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
14 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
15 </indexterm>
16
17 <sect2 role="package">
18 <title/>
19
20 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
21 basic system characteristics.</para>
22
23 </sect2>
24
25 <sect2 role="installation">
26 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
27
28 <para os="p1">Prevent Coreutils from installing binaries that will be
29 installed by other packages:</para>
30
31<screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-suppress-patch;</userinput></screen>
32
33 <para os="p3">A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
34 this package is that the <option>-p</option> switch always
35 returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
36 fixes this behavior for all architectures:</para>
37
38<screen os="p4"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
39
40 <para os="aa">When the uname patch was applied. A change was made to
41 <filename>uname.c</filename>. This change is causing the man Makefile to
42 try and regenerate the man page for uname. Since the compiled uname can
43 not be executed the build will fail. The following command gives the uname
44 man page a newer timestamp then <filename>uname.c</filename>.</para>
45
46<screen os="ab"><userinput>touch man/uname.1</userinput></screen>
47
48 <para os="a">Configure can not properly determine how to get free space
49 when cross-compiling, Without putting the following entry into
50 <filename>config.cache</filename> the <command>df</command> program will
51 not be built.</para>
52
53<screen os="b"><userinput>echo "fu_cv_sys_stat_statfs2_bsize=yes" &gt; config.cache</userinput></screen>
54
55 <para os="c">Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
56
57<screen os="d"><userinput>./configure --build=${CLFS_HOST} --host=${CLFS_TARGET} \
58 --prefix=/usr --cache-file=config.cache </userinput></screen>
59
60 <para os="e">Compile the package:</para>
61
62<screen os="f"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
63
64 <para os="g">Install the package:</para>
65
66<screen os="h"><userinput>make DESTDIR=${CLFS} install</userinput></screen>
67
68 <para os="i">Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
69
70<screen os="j"><userinput>mv -v ${CLFS}/usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date} ${CLFS}/bin
71mv -v ${CLFS}/usr/bin/{dd,df,echo,false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod} ${CLFS}/bin
72mv -v ${CLFS}/usr/bin/{mv,pwd,rm,rmdir,stty,true,uname} ${CLFS}/bin
73mv -v ${CLFS}/usr/bin/chroot ${CLFS}/usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
74
75 <para os="k">Other Coreutils programs are used by some of the scripts
76 in the CLFS-Bootscripts package. As <filename
77 class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the early
78 stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition:</para>
79
80<screen os="l"><userinput>mv -v ${CLFS}/usr/bin/{[,basename,head,install,nice} ${CLFS}/bin
81mv -v ${CLFS}/usr/bin/{readlink,sleep,sync,test,touch} ${CLFS}/bin
82ln -svf ../../bin/install ${CLFS}/usr/bin</userinput></screen>
83
84 </sect2>
85
86 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
87 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
88
89 <segmentedlist>
90 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
91
92 <seglistitem>
93 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
94 comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du,
95 echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head,
96 hostid, hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum,
97 mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk, pinky,
98 pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq, sha1sum,
99 sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort,
100 split, stat, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test, touch, tr, true,
101 tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who,
102 whoami, and yes</seg>
103 </seglistitem>
104 </segmentedlist>
105
106 <variablelist>
107 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
108 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
109 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
110
111 <varlistentry id="base64">
112 <term><command>base64</command></term>
113 <listitem>
114 <para>Base64 encode/decode data and print to standard output</para>
115 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
116 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
117 </indexterm>
118 </listitem>
119 </varlistentry>
120
121 <varlistentry id="basename">
122 <term><command>basename</command></term>
123 <listitem>
124 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
125 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
126 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
127 </indexterm>
128 </listitem>
129 </varlistentry>
130
131 <varlistentry id="cat">
132 <term><command>cat</command></term>
133 <listitem>
134 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
135 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
136 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
137 </indexterm>
138 </listitem>
139 </varlistentry>
140
141 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
142 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
143 <listitem>
144 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
145 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
146 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
147 </indexterm>
148 </listitem>
149 </varlistentry>
150
151 <varlistentry id="chmod">
152 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
153 <listitem>
154 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
155 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
156 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
157 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
158 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
159 </indexterm>
160 </listitem>
161 </varlistentry>
162
163 <varlistentry id="chown">
164 <term><command>chown</command></term>
165 <listitem>
166 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
167 directories</para>
168 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
169 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
170 </indexterm>
171 </listitem>
172 </varlistentry>
173
174 <varlistentry id="chroot">
175 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
176 <listitem>
177 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
178 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
179 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
180 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
181 </indexterm>
182 </listitem>
183 </varlistentry>
184
185 <varlistentry id="cksum">
186 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
187 <listitem>
188 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
189 counts of each specified file</para>
190 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
191 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
192 </indexterm>
193 </listitem>
194 </varlistentry>
195
196 <varlistentry id="comm">
197 <term><command>comm</command></term>
198 <listitem>
199 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
200 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
201 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
202 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
203 </indexterm>
204 </listitem>
205 </varlistentry>
206
207 <varlistentry id="cp">
208 <term><command>cp</command></term>
209 <listitem>
210 <para>Copies files</para>
211 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
212 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
213 </indexterm>
214 </listitem>
215 </varlistentry>
216
217 <varlistentry id="csplit">
218 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
219 <listitem>
220 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
221 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
222 count of each new file</para>
223 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
224 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
225 </indexterm>
226 </listitem>
227 </varlistentry>
228
229 <varlistentry id="cut">
230 <term><command>cut</command></term>
231 <listitem>
232 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
233 fields or positions</para>
234 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
235 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
236 </indexterm>
237 </listitem>
238 </varlistentry>
239
240 <varlistentry id="date">
241 <term><command>date</command></term>
242 <listitem>
243 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
244 system date</para>
245 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
246 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
247 </indexterm>
248 </listitem>
249 </varlistentry>
250
251 <varlistentry id="dd">
252 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
253 <listitem>
254 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
255 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
256 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
257 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
258 </indexterm>
259 </listitem>
260 </varlistentry>
261
262 <varlistentry id="df">
263 <term><command>df</command></term>
264 <listitem>
265 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
266 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
267 files</para>
268 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
269 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
270 </indexterm>
271 </listitem>
272 </varlistentry>
273
274 <varlistentry id="dir">
275 <term><command>dir</command></term>
276 <listitem>
277 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
278 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
279 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
280 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
281 </indexterm>
282 </listitem>
283 </varlistentry>
284
285 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
286 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
287 <listitem>
288 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
289 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
290 <command>ls</command></para>
291 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
292 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
293 </indexterm>
294 </listitem>
295 </varlistentry>
296
297 <varlistentry id="dirname">
298 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
299 <listitem>
300 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
301 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
302 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
303 </indexterm>
304 </listitem>
305 </varlistentry>
306
307 <varlistentry id="du">
308 <term><command>du</command></term>
309 <listitem>
310 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
311 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
312 each of the given files</para>
313 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
314 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
315 </indexterm>
316 </listitem>
317 </varlistentry>
318
319 <varlistentry id="echo">
320 <term><command>echo</command></term>
321 <listitem>
322 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
323 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
324 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
325 </indexterm>
326 </listitem>
327 </varlistentry>
328
329 <varlistentry id="env">
330 <term><command>env</command></term>
331 <listitem>
332 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
333 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
334 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
335 </indexterm>
336 </listitem>
337 </varlistentry>
338
339 <varlistentry id="expand">
340 <term><command>expand</command></term>
341 <listitem>
342 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
343 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
344 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
345 </indexterm>
346 </listitem>
347 </varlistentry>
348
349 <varlistentry id="expr">
350 <term><command>expr</command></term>
351 <listitem>
352 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
353 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
354 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
355 </indexterm>
356 </listitem>
357 </varlistentry>
358
359 <varlistentry id="factor">
360 <term><command>factor</command></term>
361 <listitem>
362 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
363 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
364 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
365 </indexterm>
366 </listitem>
367 </varlistentry>
368
369 <varlistentry id="false">
370 <term><command>false</command></term>
371 <listitem>
372 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
373 indicating failure</para>
374 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
375 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
376 </indexterm>
377 </listitem>
378 </varlistentry>
379
380 <varlistentry id="fmt">
381 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
382 <listitem>
383 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
384 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
385 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
386 </indexterm>
387 </listitem>
388 </varlistentry>
389
390 <varlistentry id="fold">
391 <term><command>fold</command></term>
392 <listitem>
393 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
394 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
395 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
396 </indexterm>
397 </listitem>
398 </varlistentry>
399
400 <varlistentry id="groups">
401 <term><command>groups</command></term>
402 <listitem>
403 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
404 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
405 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
406 </indexterm>
407 </listitem>
408 </varlistentry>
409
410 <varlistentry id="head">
411 <term><command>head</command></term>
412 <listitem>
413 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
414 of each given file</para>
415 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
416 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
417 </indexterm>
418 </listitem>
419 </varlistentry>
420
421 <varlistentry id="hostid">
422 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
423 <listitem>
424 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
425 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
426 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
427 </indexterm>
428 </listitem>
429 </varlistentry>
430
431 <varlistentry id="hostname">
432 <term><command>hostname</command></term>
433 <listitem>
434 <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
435 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
436 <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
437 </indexterm>
438 </listitem>
439 </varlistentry>
440
441 <varlistentry id="id">
442 <term><command>id</command></term>
443 <listitem>
444 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
445 of the current user or specified user</para>
446 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
447 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
448 </indexterm>
449 </listitem>
450 </varlistentry>
451
452 <varlistentry id="install">
453 <term><command>install</command> </term>
454 <listitem>
455 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
456 possible, their owner and group</para>
457 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
458 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
459 </indexterm>
460 </listitem>
461 </varlistentry>
462
463 <varlistentry id="join">
464 <term><command>join</command></term>
465 <listitem>
466 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
467 separate files</para>
468 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
469 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
470 </indexterm>
471 </listitem>
472 </varlistentry>
473
474 <varlistentry id="link">
475 <term><command>link</command></term>
476 <listitem>
477 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
478 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
479 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
480 </indexterm>
481 </listitem>
482 </varlistentry>
483
484 <varlistentry id="ln">
485 <term><command>ln</command></term>
486 <listitem>
487 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
488 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
489 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
490 </indexterm>
491 </listitem>
492 </varlistentry>
493
494 <varlistentry id="logname">
495 <term><command>logname</command></term>
496 <listitem>
497 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
498 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
499 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
500 </indexterm>
501 </listitem>
502 </varlistentry>
503
504 <varlistentry id="ls">
505 <term><command>ls</command></term>
506 <listitem>
507 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
508 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
509 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
510 </indexterm>
511 </listitem>
512 </varlistentry>
513
514 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
515 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
516 <listitem>
517 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
518 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
519 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
520 </indexterm>
521 </listitem>
522 </varlistentry>
523
524 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
525 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
526 <listitem>
527 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
528 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
529 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
530 </indexterm>
531 </listitem>
532 </varlistentry>
533
534 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
535 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
536 <listitem>
537 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
538 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
539 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
540 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
541 </indexterm>
542 </listitem>
543 </varlistentry>
544
545 <varlistentry id="mknod">
546 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
547 <listitem>
548 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
549 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
550 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
551 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
552 </indexterm>
553 </listitem>
554 </varlistentry>
555
556 <varlistentry id="mv">
557 <term><command>mv</command></term>
558 <listitem>
559 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
560 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
561 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
562 </indexterm>
563 </listitem>
564 </varlistentry>
565
566 <varlistentry id="nice">
567 <term><command>nice</command></term>
568 <listitem>
569 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
570 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
571 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
572 </indexterm>
573 </listitem>
574 </varlistentry>
575
576 <varlistentry id="nl">
577 <term><command>nl</command></term>
578 <listitem>
579 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
580 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
581 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
582 </indexterm>
583 </listitem>
584 </varlistentry>
585
586 <varlistentry id="nohup">
587 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
588 <listitem>
589 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
590 a log file</para>
591 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
592 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
593 </indexterm>
594 </listitem>
595 </varlistentry>
596
597 <varlistentry id="od">
598 <term><command>od</command></term>
599 <listitem>
600 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
601 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
602 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
603 </indexterm>
604 </listitem>
605 </varlistentry>
606
607 <varlistentry id="paste">
608 <term><command>paste</command></term>
609 <listitem>
610 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
611 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
612 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
613 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
614 </indexterm>
615 </listitem>
616 </varlistentry>
617
618 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
619 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
620 <listitem>
621 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
622 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
623 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
624 </indexterm>
625 </listitem>
626 </varlistentry>
627
628 <varlistentry id="pinky">
629 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
630 <listitem>
631 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
632 about the given users</para>
633 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
634 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
635 </indexterm>
636 </listitem>
637 </varlistentry>
638
639 <varlistentry id="pr">
640 <term><command>pr</command></term>
641 <listitem>
642 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
643 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
644 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
645 </indexterm>
646 </listitem>
647 </varlistentry>
648
649 <varlistentry id="printenv">
650 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
651 <listitem>
652 <para>Prints the environment</para>
653 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
654 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
655 </indexterm>
656 </listitem>
657 </varlistentry>
658
659 <varlistentry id="printf">
660 <term><command>printf</command></term>
661 <listitem>
662 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
663 like the C printf function</para>
664 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
665 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
666 </indexterm>
667 </listitem>
668 </varlistentry>
669
670 <varlistentry id="ptx">
671 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
672 <listitem>
673 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
674 with each keyword in its context</para>
675 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
676 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
677 </indexterm>
678 </listitem>
679 </varlistentry>
680
681 <varlistentry id="pwd">
682 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
683 <listitem>
684 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
685 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
686 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
687 </indexterm>
688 </listitem>
689 </varlistentry>
690
691 <varlistentry id="readlink">
692 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
693 <listitem>
694 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
695 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
696 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
697 </indexterm>
698 </listitem>
699 </varlistentry>
700
701 <varlistentry id="rm">
702 <term><command>rm</command></term>
703 <listitem>
704 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
705 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
706 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
707 </indexterm>
708 </listitem>
709 </varlistentry>
710
711 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
712 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
713 <listitem>
714 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
715 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
716 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
717 </indexterm>
718 </listitem>
719 </varlistentry>
720
721 <varlistentry id="seq">
722 <term><command>seq</command></term>
723 <listitem>
724 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
725 given increment</para>
726 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
727 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
728 </indexterm>
729 </listitem>
730 </varlistentry>
731
732 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
733 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
734 <listitem>
735 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
736 checksums</para>
737 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
738 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
739 </indexterm>
740 </listitem>
741 </varlistentry>
742
743 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
744 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
745 <listitem>
746 <para>Prints or checks SHA224 checksums</para>
747 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
748 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
749 </indexterm>
750 </listitem>
751 </varlistentry>
752
753 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
754 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
755 <listitem>
756 <para>Prints or checks SHA256 checksums</para>
757 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
758 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
759 </indexterm>
760 </listitem>
761 </varlistentry>
762
763 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
764 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
765 <listitem>
766 <para>Prints or checks SHA384 checksums</para>
767 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
768 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
769 </indexterm>
770 </listitem>
771 </varlistentry>
772
773 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
774 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
775 <listitem>
776 <para>Prints or checks SHA512 checksums</para>
777 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
778 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
779 </indexterm>
780 </listitem>
781 </varlistentry>
782
783 <varlistentry id="shred">
784 <term><command>shred</command></term>
785 <listitem>
786 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
787 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
788 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
789 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
790 </indexterm>
791 </listitem>
792 </varlistentry>
793
794 <varlistentry id="shuf">
795 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
796 <listitem>
797 <para>Write a random permutation of the input lines to standard output or a file</para>
798 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
799 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
800 </indexterm>
801 </listitem>
802 </varlistentry>
803
804 <varlistentry id="sleep">
805 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
806 <listitem>
807 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
808 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
809 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
810 </indexterm>
811 </listitem>
812 </varlistentry>
813
814 <varlistentry id="sort">
815 <term><command>sort</command></term>
816 <listitem>
817 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
818 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
819 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
820 </indexterm>
821 </listitem>
822 </varlistentry>
823
824 <varlistentry id="split">
825 <term><command>split</command></term>
826 <listitem>
827 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
828 lines</para>
829 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
830 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
831 </indexterm>
832 </listitem>
833 </varlistentry>
834
835 <varlistentry id="stat">
836 <term><command>stat</command></term>
837 <listitem>
838 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
839 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
840 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
841 </indexterm>
842 </listitem>
843 </varlistentry>
844
845 <varlistentry id="stty">
846 <term><command>stty</command></term>
847 <listitem>
848 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
849 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
850 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
851 </indexterm>
852 </listitem>
853 </varlistentry>
854
855 <varlistentry id="sum">
856 <term><command>sum</command></term>
857 <listitem>
858 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
859 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
860 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
861 </indexterm>
862 </listitem>
863 </varlistentry>
864
865 <varlistentry id="sync">
866 <term><command>sync</command></term>
867 <listitem>
868 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
869 and updates the super block</para>
870 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
871 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
872 </indexterm>
873 </listitem>
874 </varlistentry>
875
876 <varlistentry id="tac">
877 <term><command>tac</command></term>
878 <listitem>
879 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
880 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
881 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
882 </indexterm>
883 </listitem>
884 </varlistentry>
885
886 <varlistentry id="tail">
887 <term><command>tail</command></term>
888 <listitem>
889 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
890 given file</para>
891 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
892 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
893 </indexterm>
894 </listitem>
895 </varlistentry>
896
897 <varlistentry id="tee">
898 <term><command>tee</command></term>
899 <listitem>
900 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
901 and to the given files</para>
902 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
903 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
904 </indexterm>
905 </listitem>
906 </varlistentry>
907
908 <varlistentry id="test">
909 <term><command>test</command> or <command>[</command></term>
910 <listitem>
911 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
912 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
913 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
914 </indexterm>
915 </listitem>
916 </varlistentry>
917
918 <varlistentry id="touch">
919 <term><command>touch</command></term>
920 <listitem>
921 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
922 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
923 are created with zero length</para>
924 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
925 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
926 </indexterm>
927 </listitem>
928 </varlistentry>
929
930 <varlistentry id="tr">
931 <term><command>tr</command></term>
932 <listitem>
933 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
934 standard input</para>
935 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
936 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
937 </indexterm>
938 </listitem>
939 </varlistentry>
940
941 <varlistentry id="true">
942 <term><command>true</command></term>
943 <listitem>
944 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
945 indicating success</para>
946 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
947 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
948 </indexterm>
949 </listitem>
950 </varlistentry>
951
952 <varlistentry id="tsort">
953 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
954 <listitem>
955 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
956 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
957 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
958 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
959 </indexterm>
960 </listitem>
961 </varlistentry>
962
963 <varlistentry id="tty">
964 <term><command>tty</command></term>
965 <listitem>
966 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
967 input</para>
968 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
969 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
970 </indexterm>
971 </listitem>
972 </varlistentry>
973
974 <varlistentry id="uname">
975 <term><command>uname</command></term>
976 <listitem>
977 <para>Reports system information</para>
978 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
979 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
980 </indexterm>
981 </listitem>
982 </varlistentry>
983
984 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
985 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
986 <listitem>
987 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
988 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
989 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
990 </indexterm>
991 </listitem>
992 </varlistentry>
993
994 <varlistentry id="uniq">
995 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
996 <listitem>
997 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
998 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
999 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1000 </indexterm>
1001 </listitem>
1002 </varlistentry>
1003
1004 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1005 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1006 <listitem>
1007 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1008 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1009 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1010 </indexterm>
1011 </listitem>
1012 </varlistentry>
1013
1014 <varlistentry id="users">
1015 <term><command>users</command></term>
1016 <listitem>
1017 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1018 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1019 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1020 </indexterm>
1021 </listitem>
1022 </varlistentry>
1023
1024 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1025 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1026 <listitem>
1027 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1028 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1029 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1030 </indexterm>
1031 </listitem>
1032 </varlistentry>
1033
1034 <varlistentry id="wc">
1035 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1036 <listitem>
1037 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1038 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1039 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1040 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1041 </indexterm>
1042 </listitem>
1043 </varlistentry>
1044
1045 <varlistentry id="who">
1046 <term><command>who</command></term>
1047 <listitem>
1048 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1049 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1050 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1051 </indexterm>
1052 </listitem>
1053 </varlistentry>
1054
1055 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1056 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1057 <listitem>
1058 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1059 user ID</para>
1060 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1061 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1062 </indexterm>
1063 </listitem>
1064 </varlistentry>
1065
1066 <varlistentry id="yes">
1067 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1068 <listitem>
1069 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1070 killed</para>
1071 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1072 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1073 </indexterm>
1074 </listitem>
1075 </varlistentry>
1076
1077 </variablelist>
1078
1079 </sect2>
1080
1081</sect1>
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