[02095ae] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> |
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" |
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [ |
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent"> |
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| 5 | %general-entities; |
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| 6 | ]> |
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| 7 | |
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| 8 | <sect1 id="ch-final-preps-creatingdirs"> |
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| 9 | <?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html"?> |
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| 10 | |
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| 11 | <title>Creating Directories</title> |
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| 12 | |
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| 13 | <para>It is time to create some structure in the LFS file system. Create a |
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| 14 | standard directory tree by issuing the following commands:</para> |
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| 15 | |
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| 16 | <screen><userinput>mkdir -pv ${LFS}/{bin,boot,etc/opt,home,lib,mnt,opt} |
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| 17 | mkdir -pv ${LFS}/{media/{floppy,cdrom},sbin,srv,var} |
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[1f0a9c9] | 18 | install -dv -m 0750 ${LFS}/root |
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| 19 | install -dv -m 1777 ${LFS}/tmp ${LFS}/var/tmp |
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[02095ae] | 20 | mkdir -pv ${LFS}/usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src} |
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| 21 | mkdir -pv ${LFS}/usr/{,local/}share/{doc,info,locale,man} |
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| 22 | mkdir -v ${LFS}/usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo} |
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| 23 | mkdir -pv ${LFS}/usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8} |
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| 24 | for dir in ${LFS}/usr ${LFS}/usr/local; do |
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| 25 | ln -sv share/{man,doc,info} $dir |
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| 26 | done |
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| 27 | mkdir -v ${LFS}/var/{lock,log,mail,run,spool} |
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| 28 | mkdir -pv ${LFS}/var/{opt,cache,lib/{misc,locate},local}</userinput></screen> |
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| 29 | |
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| 30 | <para>Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755, but |
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| 31 | this is not desirable for all directories. In the commands above, two |
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| 32 | changes are made—one to the home directory of user <systemitem |
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| 33 | class="username">root</systemitem>, and another to the directories for |
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| 34 | temporary files.</para> |
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| 35 | |
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| 36 | <para>The first mode change ensures that not just anybody can enter |
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| 37 | the <filename class="directory">/root</filename> directory—the |
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| 38 | same as a normal user would do with his or her home directory. The |
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| 39 | second mode change makes sure that any user can write to the |
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| 40 | <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename> and <filename |
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| 41 | class="directory">/var/tmp</filename> directories, but cannot remove |
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| 42 | another user's files from them. The latter is prohibited by the so-called |
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| 43 | <quote>sticky bit,</quote> the highest bit (1) in the 1777 bit mask.</para> |
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| 44 | |
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| 45 | <sect2> |
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| 46 | <title>FHS Compliance Note</title> |
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| 47 | |
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| 48 | <para>The directory tree is based on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) |
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| 49 | (available at <ulink url="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/"/>). In addition to |
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| 50 | the FHS, we create compatibility symlinks for the <filename |
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| 51 | class="directory">man</filename>, <filename |
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| 52 | class="directory">doc</filename>, and <filename |
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| 53 | class="directory">info</filename> directories since many packages still try |
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| 54 | to install their documentation into <filename |
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| 55 | class="directory">/usr/<directory></filename> or <filename |
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| 56 | class="directory">/usr/local/<directory></filename> as opposed to |
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| 57 | <filename class="directory">/usr/share/<directory></filename> or |
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| 58 | <filename class="directory">/usr/local/share/<directory></filename>. |
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| 59 | The FHS also stipulates the existence of <filename |
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| 60 | class="directory">/usr/local/games</filename> and <filename |
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| 61 | class="directory">/usr/share/games</filename>. The FHS is not precise as to |
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| 62 | the structure of the <filename class="directory">/usr/local/share</filename> |
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| 63 | subdirectory, so we create only the directories that are needed. However, |
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| 64 | feel free to create these directories if you prefer to conform more strictly |
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| 65 | to the FHS.</para> |
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| 66 | |
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| 67 | </sect2> |
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| 68 | |
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| 69 | </sect1> |
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