%general-entities; ]> Glibc-&glibc-version; Glibc cross tools <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching, arithmetic, and so on.</para> </sect2> <sect2 role="installation"> <title>Installation of Glibc Some packages outside of CLFS suggest installing GNU libiconv in order to translate data from one encoding to another. The project's home page () says This library provides an iconv() implementation, for use on systems which don't have one, or whose implementation cannot convert from/to Unicode. Glibc provides an iconv() implementation and can convert from/to Unicode, therefore libiconv is not required on an CLFS system. The following patch will check for the existance of libgcc_eh. When GCC is built static the contents of libgcc_eh will be in libgcc instead. If libgcc_eh exists the link to it: patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-libgcc_eh-patch; The following patch fixes an issue that can cause localdef to segfault: patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-localedef_segfault-patch; The following patch builds zic-native, localedef-native, and rpcgen-native. zic-native is used to generate the zoneinfo, localedef-native is used to generate the locale archive, and rpcgen-native is used to generate part of librpcsvc.a. All of which would normally not be available when cross-compiling: patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-cross_hacks-patch; The following corrects the Minor version, changing the value from 4 to 5: patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-minor-patch; The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc outside of the source directory in a dedicated build directory: mkdir -v ../glibc-build cd ../glibc-build The following lines need to be added to config.cache for Glibc to support NPTL: echo "libc_cv_forced_unwind=yes" > config.cache echo "libc_cv_c_cleanup=yes" >> config.cache The following line needs to be added to configparms to adjust instalation paths: echo "install_root=${CLFS}" > configparms Prepare Glibc for compilation: BUILD_CC="gcc" CC="${CLFS_TARGET}-gcc" \ AR="${CLFS_TARGET}-ar" RANLIB="${CLFS_TARGET}-ranlib" \ ../glibc-&glibc-version;/configure --prefix=/usr --libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc \ --host=${CLFS_TARGET} --build=${CLFS_HOST} \ --disable-profile --enable-add-ons \ --with-tls --enable-kernel=2.6.0 --with-__thread \ --with-binutils=${CLFS}/cross-tools/bin --with-headers=${CLFS}/usr/include \ --cache-file=config.cache The meaning of the new configure options: BUILD_CC="gcc" This sets Glibc to use the current compiler on our system. This is used to create the tools Glibc uses during its build. CC="${CLFS_TARGET}-gcc" This forces Glibc to use the GCC compiler that we made for our target architecture. AR="${CLFS_TARGET}-ar" This forces Glibc to use the ar utility we made for our target architecture. RANLIB="${CLFS_TARGET}-ranlib" This forces Glibc to use the ranlib utility we made for our target architecture. --disable-profile This builds the libraries without profiling information. Omit this option if profiling on the temporary tools is necessary. --enable-add-ons This tells Glibc to utilize all add-ons that are available. --with-tls This tells Glibc to use Thread Local Storage. --with-__thread This tells Glibc to use use the __thread for libc and libpthread builds. --with-binutils=${CLFS}/cross-tools/bin This tells Glibc to use the Binutils that are specific to our target architecture. --cache-file=config.cache This tells Glibc to utilize a premade cache file. During this stage the following warning might appear:
configure: WARNING: *** These auxiliary programs are missing or *** incompatible versions: msgfmt *** some features will be disabled. *** Check the INSTALL file for required versions.
The missing or incompatible msgfmt program is generally harmless. This msgfmt program is part of the Gettext package which the host distribution should provide. Compile the package: make Install the package: make install Internationalization The locales that can make the system respond in a different language were not installed by the above command. Install them with: make localedata/install-locales To save time, an alternative to running the previous command (which generates and installs every locale listed in the glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED file) is to install only those locales that are wanted and needed. This can be achieved by using the localedef command. Information on this command is located in the INSTALL file in the Glibc source. However, there are a number of locales that are essential in order for the tests of future packages to pass, in particular, the libstdc++ tests from GCC. The following instructions, instead of the install-locales target used above, will install the minimum set of locales necessary for the tests to run successfully: mkdir -pv ${CLFS}/usr/lib/locale export I18NPATH=${PWD}/localedata export GCONV_PATH=${PWD}/iconvdata export LOCALEDEF="${PWD}/locale/localedef-native --alias-file=../intl/locale.alias" cd ../glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata ${LOCALEDEF} -i locales/de_DE -f charmaps/ISO-8859-1 --prefix=${CLFS} de_DE ${LOCALEDEF} -i locales/de_DE@euro -f charmaps/ISO-8859-15 --prefix=${CLFS} de_DE@euro ${LOCALEDEF} -i locales/en_HK -f charmaps/ISO-8859-1 --prefix=${CLFS} en_HK ${LOCALEDEF} -i locales/en_PH -f charmaps/ISO-8859-1 --prefix=${CLFS} en_PH ${LOCALEDEF} -i locales/en_US -f charmaps/ISO-8859-1 --prefix=${CLFS} en_US ${LOCALEDEF} -i locales/es_MX -f charmaps/ISO-8859-1 --prefix=${CLFS} es_MX ${LOCALEDEF} -i locales/fa_IR -f charmaps/UTF-8 --prefix=${CLFS} fa_IR ${LOCALEDEF} -i locales/fr_FR -f charmaps/ISO-8859-1 --prefix=${CLFS} fr_FR ${LOCALEDEF} -i locales/fr_FR@euro -f charmaps/ISO-8859-15 --prefix=${CLFS} fr_FR@euro ${LOCALEDEF} -i locales/it_IT -f charmaps/ISO-8859-1 --prefix=${CLFS} it_IT ${LOCALEDEF} -i locales/ja_JP -f charmaps/EUC-JP --prefix=${CLFS} ja_JP Some locales installed by the make localedata/install-locales command above are not properly supported by some applications that are in the LFS and BLFS books. Because of the various problems that arise due to application programmers making assumptions that break in such locales, CLFS should not be used in locales that utilize multibyte character sets (including UTF-8) or right-to-left writing order. Numerous unofficial and unstable patches are required to fix these problems, and it has been decided by the CLFS developers not to support such complex locales at this time. This applies to the ja_JP and fa_IR locales as well—they have been installed only for GCC and Gettext tests to pass, and the watch program (part of the Procps package) does not work properly in them. Various attempts to circumvent these restrictions are documented in internationalization-related hints. Configuring Glibc /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/localtime The /etc/nsswitch.conf file needs to be created because, although Glibc provides defaults when this file is missing or corrupt, the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment. The time zone also needs to be configured. Create a new file /etc/nsswitch.conf by running the following: cat > ${CLFS}/etc/nsswitch.conf << "EOF" # Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf passwd: files group: files shadow: files hosts: files dns networks: files protocols: files services: files ethers: files rpc: files # End /etc/nsswitch.conf EOF To determine the local time zone, run the following script: TZDIR="${CLFS}/usr/share/zoneinfo" ${CLFS}/usr/bin/tzselect After answering a few questions about the location, the script will output the name of the time zone (e.g., EST5EDT or Canada/Eastern). Then create the /etc/localtime file by running: cp -v --remove-destination ${CLFS}/usr/share/zoneinfo/[xxx] \ ${CLFS}/etc/localtime Replace [xxx] with the name of the time zone that tzselect provided (e.g., Canada/Eastern). The meaning of the cp option: --remove-destination This is needed to force removal of the already existing symbolic link. The reason for copying the file instead of using a symlink is to cover the situation where /usr is on a separate partition. This could be important when booted into single user mode. Configuring The Dynamic Loader /etc/ld.so.conf By default, the dynamic loader (/lib/ld-linux.so.2) searches through /lib and /usr/lib for dynamic libraries that are needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in directories other than /lib and /usr/lib, these need to be added to the /etc/ld.so.conf file in order for the dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known to contain additional libraries are /usr/local/lib and /opt/lib, so add those directories to the dynamic loader's search path. Create a new file /etc/ld.so.conf by running the following: cat > ${CLFS}/etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF" # Begin /etc/ld.so.conf /usr/local/lib /opt/lib # End /etc/ld.so.conf EOF Contents of Glibc Installed programs Installed libraries catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig, ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, mtrace, nscd, pcprofiledump, pt_chown, rpcgen, rpcinfo, sln, sprof, tzselect, xtrace, zdump, and zic ld.so, libBrokenLocale.[a,so], libSegFault.so, libanl.[a,so], libbsd-compat.a, libc.[a,so], libcrypt.[a,so], libdl.[a,so], libg.a, libieee.a, libm.[a,so], libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libnsl.a, libnss_compat.so, libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so, libnss_nis.so, libnss_nisplus.so, libpcprofile.so, libpthread.[a,so], libresolv.[a,so], librpcsvc.a, librt.[a,so], libthread_db.so, and libutil.[a,so] Short Descriptions catchsegv Can be used to create a stack trace when a program terminates with a segmentation fault catchsegv gencat Generates message catalogues gencat getconf Displays the system configuration values for file system specific variables getconf getent Gets entries from an administrative database getent iconv Performs character set conversion iconv iconvconfig Creates fastloading iconv module configuration files iconvconfig ldconfig Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings ldconfig ldd Reports which shared libraries are required by each given program or shared library ldd lddlibc4 Assists ldd with object files lddlibc4 locale Tells the compiler to enable or disable the use of POSIX locales for built-in operations locale localedef Compiles locale specifications localedef mtrace Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary in human-readable format mtrace nscd A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name service requests nscd pcprofiledump Dumps information generated by PC profiling pcprofiledump pt_chown A helper program for grantpt to set the owner, group and access permissions of a slave pseudo terminal pt_chown rpcgen Generates C code to implement the Remote Procecure Call (RPC) protocol rpcgen rpcinfo Makes an RPC call to an RPC server rpcinfo sln A statically linked program that creates symbolic links sln sprof Reads and displays shared object profiling data sprof tzselect Asks the user about the location of the system and reports the corresponding time zone description tzselect xtrace Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently executed function xtrace zdump The time zone dumper zdump zic The time zone compiler zic ld.so The helper program for shared library executables ld.so libBrokenLocale Used by programs, such as Mozilla, to solve broken locales libBrokenLocale libSegFault The segmentation fault signal handler libSegFault libanl An asynchronous name lookup library libanl libbsd-compat Provides the portability needed in order to run certain Berkey Software Distribution (BSD) programs under Linux libbsd-compat libc The main C library libc libcrypt The cryptography library libcrypt libdl The dynamic linking interface library libdl libg A runtime library for g++ libg libieee The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) floating point library libieee libm The mathematical library libm libmcheck Contains code run at boot libmcheck libmemusage Used by memusage (included in Glibc, but not built in a base CLFS system as it has additional dependencies) to help collect information about the memory usage of a program libmemusage libnsl The network services library libnsl libnss The Name Service Switch libraries, containing functions for resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services, protocols, etc. libnss libpcprofile Contains profiling functions used to track the amount of CPU time spent in specific source code lines libpcprofile libpthread The POSIX threads library libpthread libresolv Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting packets to the Internet domain name servers libresolv librpcsvc Contains functions providing miscellaneous RPC services librpcsvc librt Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension librt libthread_db Contains functions useful for building debuggers for multi-threaded programs libthread_db libutil Contains code for standard functions used in many different Unix utilities libutil