[676d923] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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| 7 |
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| 8 | <sect1 id="ch-scripts-locale">
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| 9 | <title>Setting Up Locale Information</title>
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| 10 | <?dbhtml filename="locale.html"?>
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| 11 |
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| 12 | <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-locale">
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| 13 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/profile">/etc/profile</primary>
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| 14 | </indexterm>
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| 15 |
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| 16 | <para>The base <filename>/etc/profile</filename> below sets some
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| 17 | environment variables necessary for native language support. Setting
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| 18 | them properly results in:</para>
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| 19 |
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| 20 | <itemizedlist>
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| 21 | <listitem>
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| 22 | <para>The output of programs translated into the native language</para>
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| 23 | </listitem>
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| 24 | <listitem>
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| 25 | <para>Correct classification of characters into letters, digits and
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| 26 | other classes. This is necessary for <command>bash</command> to
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| 27 | properly accept non-ASCII characters in command lines in non-English
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| 28 | locales</para>
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| 29 | </listitem>
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| 30 | <listitem>
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| 31 | <para>The correct alphabetical sorting order for the country</para>
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| 32 | </listitem>
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| 33 | <listitem>
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| 34 | <para>Appropriate default paper size</para>
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| 35 | </listitem>
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| 36 | <listitem>
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| 37 | <para>Correct formatting of monetary, time, and date values</para>
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| 38 | </listitem>
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| 39 | </itemizedlist>
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| 40 |
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| 41 | <para>This script also sets the <envar>INPUTRC</envar> environment variable
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| 42 | that makes Bash and Readline use the <filename>/etc/inputrc</filename> file
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| 43 | created earlier.</para>
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| 44 |
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| 45 | <para>Replace <replaceable>[ll]</replaceable> below with the
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| 46 | two-letter code for the desired language (e.g., <quote>en</quote>) and
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| 47 | <replaceable>[CC]</replaceable> with the two-letter code for the
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| 48 | appropriate country (e.g., <quote>GB</quote>).
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| 49 | <replaceable>[charmap]</replaceable> should be replaced with the
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| 50 | canonical charmap for your chosen locale.</para>
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| 51 |
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[51a1403] | 52 | <para>The list of all locales supported by EGlibc can be obtained by running
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[676d923] | 53 | the following command:</para>
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| 54 |
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| 55 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>locale -a</userinput></screen>
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| 56 |
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| 57 | <para>Locales can have a number of synonyms, e.g. <quote>ISO-8859-1</quote>
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| 58 | is also referred to as <quote>iso8859-1</quote> and <quote>iso88591</quote>.
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| 59 | Some applications cannot handle the various synonyms correctly, so it is
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| 60 | safest to choose the canonical name for a particular locale. To determine
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| 61 | the canonical name, run the following command, where <replaceable>[locale
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| 62 | name]</replaceable> is the output given by <command>locale -a</command> for
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| 63 | your preferred locale (<quote>en_US.utf8</quote> in our example).</para>
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| 64 |
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| 65 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>LC_ALL=<replaceable>[locale name]</replaceable> locale charmap</userinput></screen>
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| 66 |
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| 67 | <para>For the <quote>en_US.utf8</quote> locale, the above command
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| 68 | will print:</para>
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| 69 |
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| 70 | <screen><computeroutput>UTF-8</computeroutput></screen>
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| 71 |
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| 72 | <para>This results in a final locale setting of <quote>en_US.UTF-8</quote>.
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| 73 | It is important that the locale found using the heuristic above is tested prior
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| 74 | to it being added to the Bash startup files:</para>
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| 75 |
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| 76 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>LC_ALL=[locale name] locale country
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| 77 | LC_ALL=[locale name] locale language
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| 78 | LC_ALL=[locale name] locale charmap
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| 79 | LC_ALL=[locale name] locale int_curr_symbol
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| 80 | LC_ALL=[locale name] locale int_prefix</userinput></screen>
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| 81 |
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| 82 | <para>The above commands should print the language name, the character
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| 83 | encoding used by the locale, the local currency, and the prefix to dial
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| 84 | before the telephone number in order to get into the country. If any of the
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| 85 | commands above fail with a message similar to the one shown below, this means
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| 86 | that your locale was either not installed in Chapter 10 or is not supported by
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[51a1403] | 87 | the default installation of EGlibc.</para>
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[676d923] | 88 |
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| 89 | <screen><computeroutput>locale: Cannot set LC_* to default locale: No such file or directory</computeroutput></screen>
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| 90 |
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| 91 | <para>If this happens, you should either install the desired locale using
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| 92 | the <command>localedef</command> command, or consider choosing a different
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| 93 | locale. Further instructions assume that there are no such error messages
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[51a1403] | 94 | from EGlibc.</para>
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[676d923] | 95 |
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| 96 | <para>Some packages beyond CLFS may also lack support for your chosen locale.
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| 97 | One example is the X library (part of the X Window System), which outputs
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| 98 | the following error message:</para>
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| 99 |
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| 100 | <screen><computeroutput>Warning: locale not supported by Xlib, locale set to C</computeroutput></screen>
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| 101 |
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| 102 | <para>Sometimes it is possible to fix this by removing the charmap part of
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| 103 | the locale specification, as long as that does not change the character map
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[51a1403] | 104 | that EGlibc associates with the locale (this can be checked by running the
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[676d923] | 105 | <command>locale charmap</command> command in both locales). For example,
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| 106 | one would have to change "de_DE.ISO-8859-15@euro" to
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| 107 | "de_DE@euro" in order to get this locale recognized by Xlib.</para>
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| 108 |
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| 109 | <para>Other packages can also function incorrectly (but may not necessarily
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| 110 | display any error messages) if the locale name does not meet their expectations.
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| 111 | In those cases, investigating how other Linux distributions support your locale
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| 112 | might provide some useful information.</para>
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| 113 |
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| 114 | <para>Once the proper locale settings have been determined, create the
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| 115 | <filename>/etc/profile</filename> file:</para>
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| 116 |
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| 117 | <screen><userinput>cat > ${CLFS}/etc/profile << "EOF"
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| 118 | <literal># Begin /etc/profile
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| 119 |
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| 120 | export LANG=<replaceable>[ll]</replaceable>_<replaceable>[CC]</replaceable>.<replaceable>[charmap]</replaceable>
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| 121 | export INPUTRC=/etc/inputrc
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| 122 |
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| 123 | # End /etc/profile</literal>
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| 124 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 125 |
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| 126 | <para>Setting the keyboard layout, screen font, and locale-related
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| 127 | environment variables are the only internationalization steps needed to
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| 128 | support locales that use ordinary single-byte encodings and left-to-right
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| 129 | writing direction. UTF-8 has been testing on the English, French, German,
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| 130 | Italian, and Spanish locales. All other locales are untested. If you discover
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| 131 | issues with any other locale please open a ticket in our trac system.</para>
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| 132 |
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| 133 | <para>Some locales need addtional programs and support. CLFS will not be supporting
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| 134 | these locales via the book. We welcome the support for these other locales via the
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| 135 | <ulink url="&cblfs-root;"/>.</para>
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| 136 |
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| 137 | </sect1>
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