source: clfs-sysroot/BOOK/bootable/arm/kernel.xml@ d483363

Last change on this file since d483363 was da9613e, checked in by Joe Ciccone <jciccone@…>, 18 years ago

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[02095ae]1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-bootable-kernel" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="kernel.html"?>
10
11 <title>Linux-&linux-version;</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-bootable-kernel">
14 <primary sortas="a-Linux">Linux</primary>
15 </indexterm>
16
17 <sect2 role="package"><title/>
18 <para>The Linux package contains the Linux kernel.</para>
19
20 </sect2>
21
22 <sect2 role="installation">
23 <title>Installation of the kernel</title>
24
25 <para os="a">Building the kernel involves a few steps&mdash;configuration,
26 compilation, and installation. Read the <filename>README</filename>
27 file in the kernel source tree for alternative methods to the way this
28 book configures the kernel.</para>
29
30 <para os="b">Prepare for compilation by running the following command:</para>
31
32<screen os="c"><userinput>make mrproper</userinput></screen>
33
34 <para os="d">This ensures that the kernel tree is absolutely clean. The
35 kernel team recommends that this command be issued prior to each
36 kernel compilation. Do not rely on the source tree being clean after
37 un-tarring.</para>
38
39 <para os="e">If, in <xref linkend="ch-scripts-console" role=","/> it was
40 decided to compile the keymap into the kernel, issue the command
41 below:</para>
42
43<screen os="f"><userinput>loadkeys -m /usr/share/kbd/keymaps/<replaceable>[path to keymap]</replaceable> &gt; \
44 drivers/char/defkeymap.c</userinput></screen>
45
46 <para os="g">For example, if using a Dutch keyboard, use
47 <filename>/usr/share/kbd/keymaps/i386/qwerty/nl.map.gz</filename>.</para>
48
49 <para os="h">Configure the kernel via a menu-driven interface.
50 Please note that the udev bootscript requires "rtc" and "tmpfs" to be
51 enabled and built into the kernel, not as modules. BLFS has
52 some information regarding particular kernel configuration requirements of
[755f44a]53 packages outside of CLFS at <ulink
[02095ae]54 url="&blfs-root;view/svn/longindex.html#kernel-config-index"/>:</para>
55
[586feb7]56<screen os="i"><userinput>make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=${CLFS_TARGET}- menuconfig</userinput></screen>
[02095ae]57
58 <para os="j">Alternatively, <command>make oldconfig</command> may be more
59 appropriate in some situations. See the <filename>README</filename>
60 file for more information.</para>
61
62 <para os="k">If desired, skip kernel configuration by copying the kernel
63 config file, <filename>.config</filename>, from the host system
64 (assuming it is available) to the root directory of the unpacked kernel
65 sources. However, we do not recommend this option. It is often better
66 to explore all the configuration menus and create the kernel configuration
67 from scratch.</para>
68
69 <para os="m">Compile the kernel image and modules:</para>
70
[586feb7]71<screen os="n"><userinput>make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=${CLFS_TARGET}-</userinput></screen>
[02095ae]72
73 <para os="o">If using kernel modules, an
74 <filename>/etc/modprobe.conf</filename> file may be needed.
75 Information pertaining to modules and kernel configuration is
76 located in the kernel documentation in the <filename
77 class="directory">Documentation</filename> directory of the kernel
78 sources tree. Also, <filename>modprobe.conf(5)</filename> may
79 be of interest.</para>
80
81 <para os="p">Be very careful when reading other documentation relating to
82 kernel modules because it usually applies to 2.4.x kernels only. As
83 far as we know, kernel configuration issues specific to Hotplug and
84 Udev are not documented. The problem is that Udev will create a device
85 node only if Hotplug or a user-written script inserts the corresponding
86 module into the kernel, and not all modules are detectable by Hotplug.
87 Note that statements like the one below in the
88 <filename>/etc/modprobe.conf</filename> file do not work with Udev:</para>
89
90<screen os="q"><literal>alias char-major-XXX some-module</literal></screen>
91
92 <para os="r">Because of the complications with Udev and modules,
93 we strongly recommend starting with a completely non-modular kernel
94 configuration, especially if this is the first time using Udev.</para>
95
96 <para os="s">Install the modules, if the kernel configuration uses
97 them:</para>
98
[586feb7]99<screen os="t"><userinput>make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=${CLFS_TARGET}- \
100 INSTALL_MOD_PATH=${CLFS} modules_install</userinput></screen>
[02095ae]101
102 <para os="u">After kernel compilation is complete, additional steps are
103 required to complete the installation. Some files need to be copied to
[586feb7]104 the <filename class="directory">${CLFS}/boot</filename> directory.</para>
[02095ae]105
106 <para os="v">Issue the following command to install the kernel:</para>
107
[da9613e]108<screen><userinput>cp vmlinux ${CLFS}/boot/clfskernel-&linux-version;</userinput></screen>
[02095ae]109
110 <para os="w"><filename>System.map</filename> is a symbol file for the kernel.
111 It maps the function entry points of every function in the kernel API,
112 as well as the addresses of the kernel data structures for the running
113 kernel. Issue the following command to install the map file:</para>
114
[586feb7]115<screen os="w1"><userinput>cp System.map ${CLFS}/boot/System.map-&linux-version;</userinput></screen>
[02095ae]116
117 <para os="x">The kernel configuration file <filename>.config</filename>
118 produced by the <command>make menuconfig</command> step above contains
119 all the configuration selections for the kernel that was just compiled.
120 It is a good idea to keep this file for future reference:</para>
121
[da9613e]122<screen os="y"><userinput>cp .config ${CLFS}/boot/config-&linux-version;</userinput></screen>
[02095ae]123
124 <warning os="z">
125 <para>Some kernel documentation recommends creating a symlink from
126 <filename class="symlink">/usr/src/linux</filename> pointing to the
127 kernel source directory. This is specific to kernels prior to the
[1a09536]128 2.6 series and <emphasis>must not</emphasis> be created on an CLFS
[02095ae]129 system as it can cause problems for packages you may wish to build
[755f44a]130 once your base CLFS system is complete.</para>
[02095ae]131
132 <para>Also, the headers in the system's <filename
133 class="directory">include</filename> directory should
134 <emphasis>always</emphasis> be the ones against which Glibc was
135 compiled (from the Linux-Headers package) and should
136 <emphasis>never</emphasis> be replaced by the kernel headers.</para>
137 </warning>
138
139 </sect2>
140
141 <sect2 id="contents-kernel" role="content">
142 <title>Contents of Linux</title>
143
144 <segmentedlist>
145 <segtitle>Installed files</segtitle>
146
147 <seglistitem>
[940e6b3]148 <seg>config-[linux-version], clfskernel-[linux-version],
[02095ae]149 and System.map-[linux-version]</seg>
150 </seglistitem>
151 </segmentedlist>
152
153 <variablelist>
154 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
155 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
156 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
157
158 <varlistentry id="config">
159 <term><filename>config-[linux-version]</filename></term>
160 <listitem>
161 <para>Contains all the configuration selections for the kernel</para>
162 <indexterm zone="ch-bootable-kernel config">
163 <primary sortas="e-/boot/config">/boot/config-[linux-version]</primary>
164 </indexterm>
165 </listitem>
166 </varlistentry>
167
[940e6b3]168 <varlistentry id="clfskernel">
169 <term><filename>clfskernel-[linux-version]</filename></term>
[02095ae]170 <listitem>
171 <para>The engine of the Linux system. When turning on the
172 computer, the kernel is the first part of the operating system
173 that gets loaded. It detects and initializes all components of
174 the computer's hardware, then makes these components available
175 as a tree of files to the software and turns a single CPU into
176 a multitasking machine capable of running scores of programs
177 seemingly at the same time.</para>
[940e6b3]178 <indexterm zone="ch-bootable-kernel clfskernel">
179 <primary sortas="b-clfskernel">clfskernel-[linux-version]</primary>
[02095ae]180 </indexterm>
181 </listitem>
182 </varlistentry>
183
184 <varlistentry id="System.map">
185 <term><filename>System.map-[linux-version]</filename></term>
186 <listitem>
187 <para>A list of addresses and symbols; it maps the entry points
188 and addresses of all the functions and data structures in the
189 kernel</para>
190 <indexterm zone="ch-bootable-kernel System.map">
191 <primary sortas="e-/boot/System.map">/boot/System.map-[linux-version]</primary>
192 </indexterm>
193 </listitem>
194 </varlistentry>
195
196 </variablelist>
197
198 </sect2>
199
200</sect1>
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