source: clfs-embedded/BOOK/cross-tools/common/binutils.xml@ 06beb7a

Last change on this file since 06beb7a was e1b2402, checked in by Jim Gifford <clfs@…>, 16 years ago

GCC and Binutils Updates to Embedded
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-cross-tools-binutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="binutils.html"?>
10
11 <title>Cross Binutils-&binutils-version;</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-cross-tools-binutils">
14 <primary sortas="a-Binutils">Binutils</primary>
15 <secondary>cross tools</secondary>
16 </indexterm>
17
18 <sect2 role="package">
19 <title/>
20
21 <para>The Binutils package contains a linker, an assembler, and other
22 tools for handling object files.</para>
23
24 </sect2>
25
26 <sect2 role="installation">
27 <title>Installation of Cross Binutils</title>
28
29 <para os="a">It is important that Binutils be the first package compiled
30 because both uClibc and GCC perform various tests on the available
31 linker and assembler to determine which of their own features to
32 enable.</para>
33
34 <para os="p1">The following patch contains a number of updates to the
35 &binutils-version; branch by the Binutils developers:</para>
36
37<screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&binutils-branch_update-patch;</userinput></screen>
38
39 <para os="p3">To make sure that the proper syntax is used for a couple of
40 tools, apply the following patch:</para>
41
42<screen os="p4"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&binutils-posix-patch;</userinput></screen>
43
44 <para os="b">The Binutils documentation recommends building Binutils outside of the
45 source directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
46
47<screen os="c"><userinput>mkdir -v ../binutils-build
48cd ../binutils-build</userinput></screen>
49
50 <para os="d">Prepare Binutils for compilation:</para>
51
52<screen os="e"><userinput>../binutils-&binutils-version;/configure --prefix=${CLFS}/cross-tools \
53 --target=${CLFS_TARGET} --with-sysroot=${CLFS} --disable-nls \
54 --enable-shared --disable-multilib</userinput></screen>
55
56 <variablelist os="f">
57 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
58
59 <varlistentry os="f1">
60 <term><parameter>--prefix=${CLFS}/cross-tools</parameter></term>
61 <listitem>
62 <para>This tells the configure script to prepare to install the
63 package in the <filename class="directory">${CLFS}/cross-tools</filename>
64 directory.</para>
65 </listitem>
66 </varlistentry>
67
68 <varlistentry os="f3">
69 <term><parameter>--target=${CLFS_TARGET}</parameter></term>
70 <listitem>
71 <para>When used with --host, this creates a cross-architecture
72 executable that creates files for ${CLFS_TARGET} but runs on
73 the host system.</para>
74 </listitem>
75 </varlistentry>
76
77 <varlistentry os="f4">
78 <term><parameter>--with-sysroot=${CLFS}</parameter></term>
79 <listitem>
80 <para>This tells configure that ${CLFS} is going to be the root
81 of our system. It will now use the specified sysroot, ${CLFS}, as
82 a prefix of the default search paths.</para>
83 </listitem>
84 </varlistentry>
85
86 <varlistentry os="f5">
87 <term><parameter>--disable-nls</parameter></term>
88 <listitem>
89 <para>This disables internationalization as i18n is not needed for the
90 cross-compile tools.</para>
91 </listitem>
92 </varlistentry>
93
94 <varlistentry os="f6">
95 <term><parameter>--enable-shared</parameter></term>
96 <listitem>
97 <para>Enable the creation of the shared libraries.</para>
98 </listitem>
99 </varlistentry>
100
101 <varlistentry os="f7">
102 <term><parameter>--disable-multilib</parameter></term>
103 <listitem>
104 <para>This option disables the building of a multilib
105 capable binutils.</para>
106 </listitem>
107 </varlistentry>
108
109 </variablelist>
110
111 <para os="g">Compile the package:</para>
112
113<screen os="h"><userinput>make configure-host
114make</userinput></screen>
115
116 <variablelist os="i">
117 <title>The meaning of the make options:</title>
118
119 <varlistentry os="i1">
120 <term><parameter>configure-host</parameter></term>
121 <listitem>
122 <para>This checks the host environment and makes sure all the
123 necessary tools are available to compile Binutils.</para>
124 </listitem>
125 </varlistentry>
126
127 </variablelist>
128
129 <para os="j">Install the package:</para>
130
131<screen os="k"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
132
133 <para os="l">Copy the <filename class="headerfile">libiberty.h</filename> file to
134 <filename class="directory">${CLFS}/usr/include</filename> directory:</para>
135
136<screen os="m"><userinput>cp -v ../binutils-&binutils-version;/include/libiberty.h ${CLFS}/usr/include</userinput></screen>
137
138 </sect2>
139
140 <sect2 id="contents-binutils" role="content">
141 <title>Contents of Binutils</title>
142
143 <segmentedlist>
144 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
145 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
146
147 <seglistitem>
148 <seg>addr2line, ar, as, c++filt, gprof, ld, nm, objcopy, objdump,
149 ranlib, readelf, size, strings, and strip</seg>
150 <seg>libiberty.a, libbfd.[a,so], and libopcodes.[a,so]</seg>
151 </seglistitem>
152 </segmentedlist>
153
154 <variablelist>
155 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
156 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
157 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
158
159 <varlistentry id="addr2line">
160 <term><command>addr2line</command></term>
161 <listitem>
162 <para>Translates program addresses to file names and line numbers;
163 given an address and the name of an executable, it uses the debugging
164 information in the executable to determine which source file and line
165 number are associated with the address</para>
166 <indexterm zone="ch-cross-tools-binutils addr2line">
167 <primary sortas="b-addr2line">addr2line</primary>
168 </indexterm>
169 </listitem>
170 </varlistentry>
171
172 <varlistentry id="ar">
173 <term><command>ar</command></term>
174 <listitem>
175 <para>Creates, modifies, and extracts from archives</para>
176 <indexterm zone="ch-cross-tools-binutils ar">
177 <primary sortas="b-ar">ar</primary>
178 </indexterm>
179 </listitem>
180 </varlistentry>
181
182 <varlistentry id="as">
183 <term><command>as</command></term>
184 <listitem>
185 <para>An assembler that assembles the output of <command>gcc</command>
186 into object files</para>
187 <indexterm zone="ch-cross-tools-binutils as">
188 <primary sortas="b-as">as</primary>
189 </indexterm>
190 </listitem>
191 </varlistentry>
192
193 <varlistentry id="c-filt">
194 <term><command>c++filt</command></term>
195 <listitem>
196 <para>Used by the linker to de-mangle C++ and Java symbols and to keep
197 overloaded functions from clashing</para>
198 <indexterm zone="ch-cross-tools-binutils c-filt">
199 <primary sortas="b-c++filt">c++filt</primary>
200 </indexterm>
201 </listitem>
202 </varlistentry>
203
204 <varlistentry id="gprof">
205 <term><command>gprof</command></term>
206 <listitem>
207 <para>Displays call graph profile data</para>
208 <indexterm zone="ch-cross-tools-binutils gprof">
209 <primary sortas="b-gprof">gprof</primary>
210 </indexterm>
211 </listitem>
212 </varlistentry>
213
214 <varlistentry id="ld">
215 <term><command>ld</command></term>
216 <listitem>
217 <para>A linker that combines a number of object and archive files
218 into a single file, relocating their data and tying up symbol
219 references</para>
220 <indexterm zone="ch-cross-tools-binutils ld">
221 <primary sortas="b-ld">ld</primary>
222 </indexterm>
223 </listitem>
224 </varlistentry>
225
226 <varlistentry id="nm">
227 <term><command>nm</command></term>
228 <listitem>
229 <para>Lists the symbols occurring in a given object file</para>
230 <indexterm zone="ch-cross-tools-binutils nm">
231 <primary sortas="b-nm">nm</primary>
232 </indexterm>
233 </listitem>
234 </varlistentry>
235
236 <varlistentry id="objdump">
237 <term><command>objdump</command></term>
238 <listitem>
239 <para>Displays information about the given object file, with options
240 controlling the particular information to display; the information
241 shown is useful to programmers who are working on the compilation
242 tools</para>
243 <indexterm zone="ch-cross-tools-binutils objdump">
244 <primary sortas="b-objdump">objdump</primary>
245 </indexterm>
246 </listitem>
247 </varlistentry>
248
249 <varlistentry id="ranlib">
250 <term><command>ranlib</command></term>
251 <listitem>
252 <para>Generates an index of the contents of an archive and stores it
253 in the archive; the index lists all of the symbols defined by archive
254 members that are relocatable object files</para>
255 <indexterm zone="ch-cross-tools-binutils ranlib">
256 <primary sortas="b-ranlib">ranlib</primary>
257 </indexterm>
258 </listitem>
259 </varlistentry>
260
261 <varlistentry id="readelf">
262 <term><command>readelf</command></term>
263 <listitem>
264 <para>Displays information about ELF type binaries</para>
265 <indexterm zone="ch-cross-tools-binutils readelf">
266 <primary sortas="b-readelf">readelf</primary>
267 </indexterm>
268 </listitem>
269 </varlistentry>
270
271 <varlistentry id="size">
272 <term><command>size</command></term>
273 <listitem>
274 <para>Lists the section sizes and the total size for the given
275 object files</para>
276 <indexterm zone="ch-cross-tools-binutils size">
277 <primary sortas="b-size">size</primary>
278 </indexterm>
279 </listitem>
280 </varlistentry>
281
282 <varlistentry id="strings">
283 <term><command>strings</command></term>
284 <listitem>
285 <para>Outputs, for each given file, the sequences of printable
286 characters that are of at least the specified length (defaulting to
287 four); for object files, it prints, by default, only the strings from
288 the initializing and loading sections while for other types of files,
289 it scans the entire file</para>
290 <indexterm zone="ch-cross-tools-binutils strings">
291 <primary sortas="b-strings">strings</primary>
292 </indexterm>
293 </listitem>
294 </varlistentry>
295
296 <varlistentry id="strip">
297 <term><command>strip</command></term>
298 <listitem>
299 <para>Discards symbols from object files</para>
300 <indexterm zone="ch-cross-tools-binutils strip">
301 <primary sortas="b-strip">strip</primary>
302 </indexterm>
303 </listitem>
304 </varlistentry>
305
306 <varlistentry id="libiberty">
307 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libiberty</filename></term>
308 <listitem>
309 <para>Contains routines used by various GNU programs, including
310 <command>getopt</command>, <command>obstack</command>,
311 <command>strerror</command>, <command>strtol</command>, and
312 <command>strtoul</command></para>
313 <indexterm zone="ch-cross-tools-binutils libiberty">
314 <primary sortas="c-libiberty">libiberty</primary>
315 </indexterm>
316 </listitem>
317 </varlistentry>
318
319 <varlistentry id="libbfd">
320 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbfd</filename></term>
321 <listitem>
322 <para>The Binary File Descriptor library</para>
323 <indexterm zone="ch-cross-tools-binutils libbfd">
324 <primary sortas="c-libbfd">libbfd</primary>
325 </indexterm>
326 </listitem>
327 </varlistentry>
328
329 <varlistentry id="libopcodes">
330 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libopcodes</filename></term>
331 <listitem>
332 <para>A library for dealing with opcodes&mdash;the <quote>readable
333 text</quote> versions of instructions for the processor;
334 it is used for building utilities like
335 <command>objdump</command>.</para>
336 <indexterm zone="ch-cross-tools-binutils libopcodes">
337 <primary sortas="c-libopcodes">libopcodes</primary>
338 </indexterm>
339 </listitem>
340 </varlistentry>
341
342 </variablelist>
343
344 </sect2>
345
346</sect1>
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