1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> |
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" |
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [ |
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent"> |
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5 | %general-entities; |
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6 | ]> |
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7 | |
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8 | <sect1 id="ch-chroot-pwdgroup"> |
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9 | <?dbhtml filename="pwdgroup.html"?> |
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10 | |
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11 | <title>Creating the passwd, group, and log Files</title> |
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12 | |
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13 | <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup"> |
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14 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/passwd">/etc/passwd</primary> |
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15 | </indexterm> |
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16 | |
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17 | <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup"> |
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18 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/group">/etc/group</primary> |
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19 | </indexterm> |
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20 | |
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21 | <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup"> |
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22 | <primary sortas="e-/var/run/utmp">/var/run/utmp</primary> |
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23 | </indexterm> |
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24 | |
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25 | <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup"> |
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26 | <primary sortas="e-/var/log/btmp">/var/log/btmp</primary> |
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27 | </indexterm> |
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28 | |
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29 | <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup"> |
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30 | <primary sortas="e-/var/log/lastlog">/var/log/lastlog</primary> |
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31 | </indexterm> |
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32 | |
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33 | <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup"> |
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34 | <primary sortas="e-/var/log/wtmp">/var/log/wtmp</primary> |
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35 | </indexterm> |
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36 | |
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37 | <para>In order for user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> to |
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38 | be able to login and for the name <quote>root</quote> to be recognized, |
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39 | there must be relevant entries in the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> |
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40 | and <filename>/etc/group</filename> files.</para> |
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41 | |
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42 | <para>Create the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file by running the |
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43 | following command:</para> |
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44 | |
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45 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/passwd << "EOF" |
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46 | <literal>root::0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash |
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47 | bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/bin/false |
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48 | daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/bin/false |
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49 | adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/bin/false |
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50 | sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync |
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51 | shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown |
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52 | halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt |
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53 | lp:x:10:18:lp:/var/spool/lp:/bin/false |
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54 | mail:x:30:30:mail:/var/spool/mail:/bin/false |
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55 | news:x:31:31:news:/var/spool/news:/bin/false |
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56 | uucp:x:32:32:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/bin/false |
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57 | operator:x:50:0:operator:/root:/bin/bash |
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58 | postmaster:x:51:30:postmaster:/var/spool/mail:/bin/false |
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59 | nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/:/bin/false</literal> |
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60 | EOF</userinput></screen> |
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61 | |
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62 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" |
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63 | href="../../boot/common/pwdgroup.xml" |
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64 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='a'])"/> |
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65 | |
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66 | <para>Create the <filename>/etc/group</filename> file by running the |
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67 | following command:</para> |
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68 | |
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69 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/group << "EOF" |
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70 | <literal>root::0:root |
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71 | bin::1:root,bin,daemon |
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72 | daemon::2:root,bin,daemon |
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73 | sys::3:root,bin,adm |
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74 | adm::4:root,adm,daemon |
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75 | kmem::5: |
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76 | utmp::6: |
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77 | tty::10: |
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78 | video::11:root |
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79 | console::12: |
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80 | disk::13:root,adm |
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81 | floppy::14:root |
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82 | cdrom::15: |
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83 | cdrw::16: |
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84 | tape::17:root |
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85 | lp::18:lp |
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86 | usb::19: |
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87 | audio::20: |
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88 | dialout::21:root |
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89 | mail::30:mail |
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90 | news::31:news |
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91 | uucp::32:uucp |
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92 | users::100: |
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93 | nogroup::65533: |
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94 | nobody::65534:</literal> |
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95 | EOF</userinput></screen> |
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96 | |
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97 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" |
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98 | href="../../boot/common/pwdgroup.xml" |
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99 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='b'])"/> |
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100 | |
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101 | <para>To remove the <quote>I have no name!</quote> prompt, start a |
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102 | new shell. Since a full Glibc was installed in <xref |
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103 | linkend="chapter-cross-tools"/> and the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> |
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104 | and <filename>/etc/group</filename> files have been created, user name |
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105 | and group name resolution will now work.</para> |
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106 | |
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107 | <screen><userinput>exec /tools/bin/bash --login +h</userinput></screen> |
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108 | |
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109 | <para>Note the use of the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive. This tells |
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110 | <command>bash</command> not to use its internal path hashing. Without this |
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111 | directive, <command>bash</command> would remember the paths to binaries it |
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112 | has executed. To ensure the use of the newly compiled binaries as soon as |
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113 | they are installed, the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive will be used |
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114 | for the duration of the nexts chapters.</para> |
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115 | |
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116 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" |
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117 | href="../../boot/common/pwdgroup.xml" |
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118 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='c'])"/> |
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119 | |
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120 | <screen><userinput>touch /var/run/utmp /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,wtmp} |
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121 | chgrp utmp /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog |
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122 | chmod 664 /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog |
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123 | chmod 600 /var/log/btmp</userinput></screen> |
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124 | |
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125 | <para>The <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename> file records the users that |
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126 | are currently logged in. The <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> file records |
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127 | all logins and logouts. The <filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename> file |
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128 | records when each user last logged in. The <filename>/var/log/btmp</filename> |
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129 | file records the bad login attempts.</para> |
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130 | |
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131 | </sect1> |
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