source: chroot/common/pwdgroup.xml @ 1352ed3

Last change on this file since 1352ed3 was 1352ed3, checked in by Chris Staub <chris@…>, 18 years ago

Update passwd and group files to add explanation for additional users and groups

  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 4.1 KB
Line 
1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
3  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
4  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5  %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-chroot-pwdgroup">
9  <?dbhtml filename="pwdgroup.html"?>
10
11  <title>Creating the passwd, group, and log Files</title>
12
13  <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup">
14    <primary sortas="e-/etc/passwd">/etc/passwd</primary>
15  </indexterm>
16
17  <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup">
18    <primary sortas="e-/etc/group">/etc/group</primary>
19  </indexterm>
20
21  <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup">
22    <primary sortas="e-/var/run/utmp">/var/run/utmp</primary>
23  </indexterm>
24
25  <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup">
26    <primary sortas="e-/var/log/btmp">/var/log/btmp</primary>
27  </indexterm>
28
29  <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup">
30    <primary sortas="e-/var/log/lastlog">/var/log/lastlog</primary>
31  </indexterm>
32
33  <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup">
34    <primary sortas="e-/var/log/wtmp">/var/log/wtmp</primary>
35  </indexterm>
36
37  <para>In order for user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> to
38  be able to login and for the name <quote>root</quote> to be recognized,
39  there must be relevant entries in the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>
40  and <filename>/etc/group</filename> files.</para>
41
42  <para>Create the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file by running the
43  following command:</para>
44
45<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/passwd &lt;&lt; "EOF"
46<literal>root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash</literal>
47EOF</userinput></screen>
48
49  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
50  href="../../boot/common/pwdgroup.xml"
51  xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='a'])"/>
52
53  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
54  href="../../boot/common/pwdgroup.xml"
55  xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='b'])"/>
56
57  <para>Create the <filename>/etc/group</filename> file by running the
58  following command:</para>
59
60<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/group &lt;&lt; "EOF"
61<literal>root:x:0:
62bin:x:1:
63sys:x:2:
64kmem:x:3:
65tty:x:4:
66tape:x:5:
67daemon:x:6:
68floppy:x:7:
69disk:x:8:
70lp:x:9:
71dialout:x:10:
72audio:x:11:
73video:x:12:
74utmp:x:13:
75usb:x:14:
76cdrom:x:15:</literal>
77EOF</userinput></screen>
78
79  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
80  href="../../boot/common/pwdgroup.xml"
81  xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='c'])"/>
82
83  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
84  href="../../boot/common/pwdgroup.xml"
85  xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='d'])"/>
86
87  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
88  href="../../boot/common/pwdgroup.xml"
89  xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='e'])"/>
90
91  <para>To remove the <quote>I have no name!</quote> prompt, start a
92  new shell. Since a full Glibc was installed in <xref
93  linkend="chapter-cross-tools"/> and the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>
94  and <filename>/etc/group</filename> files have been created, user name
95  and group name resolution will now work.</para>
96
97<screen role="nodump"><userinput>exec /tools/bin/bash --login +h</userinput></screen>
98
99  <para>Note the use of the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive. This tells
100  <command>bash</command> not to use its internal path hashing. Without this
101  directive, <command>bash</command> would remember the paths to binaries it
102  has executed. To ensure the use of the newly compiled binaries as soon as
103  they are installed, the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive will be used
104  for the duration of the nexts chapters.</para>
105
106  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
107  href="../../boot/common/pwdgroup.xml"
108  xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='e'])"/>
109
110<screen><userinput>touch /var/run/utmp /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,wtmp}
111chgrp -v utmp /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog
112chmod -v 664 /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog
113chmod -v 600 /var/log/btmp</userinput></screen>
114
115  <para>The <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename> file records the users that
116  are currently logged in. The <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> file records
117  all logins and logouts. The <filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename> file
118  records when each user last logged in. The <filename>/var/log/btmp</filename>
119  file records the bad login attempts.</para>
120
121</sect1>
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