[bf8c11f] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> |
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" |
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [ |
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent"> |
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| 5 | %general-entities; |
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| 6 | ]> |
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| 7 | |
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| 8 | <sect1 id="ch-scripts-hosts"> |
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| 9 | <?dbhtml filename="hosts.html"?> |
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| 10 | |
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| 11 | <title>Creating the /etc/hosts File</title> |
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| 12 | |
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| 13 | <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts"> |
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| 14 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/hosts">/etc/hosts</primary> |
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| 15 | </indexterm> |
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| 16 | |
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| 17 | <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts"> |
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| 18 | <primary sortas="d-localnet">localnet</primary> |
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| 19 | <secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary></indexterm> |
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| 20 | |
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| 21 | <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts"> |
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| 22 | <primary sortas="d-network">network</primary> |
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| 23 | <secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary></indexterm> |
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| 24 | |
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| 25 | <para>If a network card is to be configured, decide on the IP address, |
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| 26 | FQDN, and possible aliases for use in the |
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| 27 | <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file. The syntax is:</para> |
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| 28 | |
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| 29 | <screen><IP address> myhost.example.org aliases</screen> |
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| 30 | |
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| 31 | <para>Unless the computer is to be visible to the Internet (i.e., |
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| 32 | there is a registered domain and a valid block of assigned IP |
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| 33 | addresses—most users do not have this), make sure that the IP |
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| 34 | address is in the private network IP address range. Valid ranges |
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| 35 | are:</para> |
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| 36 | |
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| 37 | <screen><literal> Class Networks |
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| 38 | A 10.0.0.0 |
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| 39 | B 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.0.255 |
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| 40 | C 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255</literal></screen> |
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| 41 | |
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| 42 | <para>A valid IP address could be 192.168.1.1. A valid FQDN for this |
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| 43 | IP could be <uri>www.linuxfromscratch.org</uri> (not recommended |
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| 44 | because this is a valid registered domain address and could cause |
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| 45 | domain name server issues).</para> |
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| 46 | |
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| 47 | <para>Even if not using a network card, an FQDN is still required. |
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| 48 | This is necessary for certain programs to operate correctly.</para> |
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| 49 | |
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| 50 | <para>Create the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para> |
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| 51 | |
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| 52 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF" |
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| 53 | <literal># Begin /etc/hosts (network card version) |
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| 54 | |
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| 55 | 127.0.0.1 localhost |
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| 56 | <replaceable>[192.168.1.1]</replaceable> <replaceable>[<HOSTNAME>.example.org]</replaceable> <replaceable>[HOSTNAME]</replaceable> |
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| 57 | |
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| 58 | # End /etc/hosts (network card version)</literal> |
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| 59 | EOF</userinput></screen> |
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| 60 | |
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| 61 | <para>The <replaceable>[192.168.1.1]</replaceable> and |
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| 62 | <replaceable>[<HOSTNAME>.example.org]</replaceable> |
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| 63 | values need to be changed for specific users or requirements (if |
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| 64 | assigned an IP address by a network/system administrator and the |
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| 65 | machine will be connected to an existing network).</para> |
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| 66 | |
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| 67 | |
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| 68 | <para>If a network card is not going to be configured, create the |
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| 69 | <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para> |
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| 70 | |
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| 71 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF" |
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| 72 | <literal># Begin /etc/hosts (no network card version) |
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| 73 | |
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| 74 | 127.0.0.1 <replaceable>[<HOSTNAME>.example.org]</replaceable> <replaceable>[HOSTNAME]</replaceable> localhost |
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| 75 | |
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| 76 | # End /etc/hosts (no network card version)</literal> |
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| 77 | EOF</userinput></screen> |
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| 78 | |
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| 79 | </sect1> |
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