[bf8c11f] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> |
---|
| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" |
---|
| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [ |
---|
| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent"> |
---|
| 5 | %general-entities; |
---|
| 6 | ]> |
---|
| 7 | |
---|
| 8 | <sect1 id="ch-bootable-grub"> |
---|
| 9 | <?dbhtml filename="grub.html"?> |
---|
| 10 | |
---|
| 11 | <title>Making the LFS System Bootable</title> |
---|
| 12 | |
---|
| 13 | <indexterm zone="ch-bootable-grub"> |
---|
| 14 | <primary sortas="a-GRUB">GRUB</primary> |
---|
| 15 | <secondary>configuring</secondary> |
---|
| 16 | </indexterm> |
---|
| 17 | |
---|
| 18 | <para os="a">Your shiny new LFS system is almost complete. One of the last |
---|
| 19 | things to do is to ensure that the system can be properly booted. The |
---|
| 20 | instructions below apply only to computers of IA-32 architecture, |
---|
| 21 | meaning mainstream PCs. Information on <quote>boot loading</quote> for |
---|
| 22 | other architectures should be available in the usual resource-specific |
---|
| 23 | locations for those architectures.</para> |
---|
| 24 | |
---|
| 25 | <para os="b">Boot loading can be a complex area, so a few cautionary words |
---|
| 26 | are in order. Be familiar with the current boot loader and any other |
---|
| 27 | operating systems present on the hard drive(s) that need to be bootable. |
---|
| 28 | Make sure that an emergency boot disk is ready to <quote>rescue</quote> |
---|
| 29 | the computer if the computer becomes unusable (un-bootable).</para> |
---|
| 30 | |
---|
| 31 | <para os="c">Earlier, we compiled and installed the GRUB boot loader software |
---|
| 32 | in preparation for this step. The procedure involves writing some special |
---|
| 33 | GRUB files to specific locations on the hard drive. We highly recommend |
---|
| 34 | creating a GRUB boot floppy diskette as a backup. Insert a blank floppy |
---|
| 35 | diskette and run the following commands:</para> |
---|
| 36 | |
---|
| 37 | <screen os="d"><userinput>dd if=/boot/grub/stage1 of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 count=1 |
---|
| 38 | dd if=/boot/grub/stage2 of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 seek=1</userinput></screen> |
---|
| 39 | |
---|
| 40 | <para os="e">Remove the diskette and store it somewhere safe. Now, run the |
---|
| 41 | <command>grub</command> shell:</para> |
---|
| 42 | |
---|
| 43 | <screen os="f"><userinput>grub</userinput></screen> |
---|
| 44 | |
---|
| 45 | <para os="g">GRUB uses its own naming structure for drives and partitions in |
---|
| 46 | the form of <emphasis>(hdn,m)</emphasis>, where <emphasis>n</emphasis> |
---|
| 47 | is the hard drive number and <emphasis>m</emphasis> is the partition |
---|
| 48 | number, both starting from zero. For example, partition <filename |
---|
| 49 | class="partition">hda1</filename> is <emphasis>(hd0,0)</emphasis> to |
---|
| 50 | GRUB and <filename class="partition">hdb3</filename> is |
---|
| 51 | <emphasis>(hd1,2)</emphasis>. In contrast to Linux, GRUB does not |
---|
| 52 | consider CD-ROM drives to be hard drives. For example, if using a CD |
---|
| 53 | on <filename class="partition">hdb</filename> and a second hard drive |
---|
| 54 | on <filename class="partition">hdc</filename>, that second hard drive |
---|
| 55 | would still be <emphasis>(hd1)</emphasis>.</para> |
---|
| 56 | |
---|
| 57 | <para os="h">Using the above information, determine the appropriate designator |
---|
| 58 | for the root partition (or boot partition, if a separate one is used). |
---|
| 59 | For the following example, it is assumed that the root (or separate boot) |
---|
| 60 | partition is <filename class="partition">hda4</filename>.</para> |
---|
| 61 | |
---|
| 62 | <para os="i">Tell GRUB where to search for its <filename>stage{1,2}</filename> |
---|
| 63 | files. The Tab key can be used everywhere to make GRUB show the |
---|
| 64 | alternatives:</para> |
---|
| 65 | |
---|
| 66 | <screen os="j"><userinput>root (hd0,3)</userinput></screen> |
---|
| 67 | |
---|
| 68 | <warning os="k"> |
---|
| 69 | <para>The following command will overwrite the current boot loader. |
---|
| 70 | Do not run the command if this is not desired, for example, if using |
---|
| 71 | a third party boot manager to manage the Master Boot Record (MBR). |
---|
| 72 | In this scenario, it would make more sense to install GRUB into the |
---|
| 73 | <quote>boot sector</quote> of the LFS partition. In this case, this |
---|
| 74 | next command would become <userinput>setup (hd0,3)</userinput>.</para> |
---|
| 75 | </warning> |
---|
| 76 | |
---|
| 77 | <para os="l">Tell GRUB to install itself into the MBR of |
---|
| 78 | <filename class="partition">hda</filename>:</para> |
---|
| 79 | |
---|
| 80 | <screen os="m"><userinput>setup (hd0)</userinput></screen> |
---|
| 81 | |
---|
| 82 | <para os="n">If all went well, GRUB will have reported finding its files in |
---|
| 83 | <filename class="directory">/boot/grub</filename>. That's all there is |
---|
| 84 | to it. Quit the <command>grub</command> shell:</para> |
---|
| 85 | |
---|
| 86 | <screen os="o"><userinput>quit</userinput></screen> |
---|
| 87 | |
---|
| 88 | <para os="p">Create a <quote>menu list</quote> file defining GRUB's boot |
---|
| 89 | menu:</para> |
---|
| 90 | |
---|
| 91 | <screen><userinput>cat > /boot/grub/menu.lst << "EOF" |
---|
| 92 | <literal># Begin /boot/grub/menu.lst |
---|
| 93 | |
---|
| 94 | # By default boot the first menu entry. |
---|
| 95 | default 0 |
---|
| 96 | |
---|
| 97 | # Allow 30 seconds before booting the default. |
---|
| 98 | timeout 30 |
---|
| 99 | |
---|
| 100 | # Use prettier colors. |
---|
| 101 | color green/black light-green/black |
---|
| 102 | |
---|
| 103 | # The first entry is for LFS. |
---|
| 104 | title LFS &version; |
---|
| 105 | root (hd0,3) |
---|
| 106 | kernel /boot/lfskernel-&linux-x86-version; root=/dev/hda4</literal> |
---|
| 107 | EOF</userinput></screen> |
---|
| 108 | |
---|
| 109 | |
---|
| 110 | <para os="q">Add an entry for the host distribution if desired. It might look |
---|
| 111 | like this:</para> |
---|
| 112 | |
---|
| 113 | <screen os="r"><userinput>cat >> /boot/grub/menu.lst << "EOF" |
---|
| 114 | <literal>title Red Hat |
---|
| 115 | root (hd0,2) |
---|
| 116 | kernel /boot/kernel-2.6.5 root=/dev/hda3 |
---|
| 117 | initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.5</literal> |
---|
| 118 | EOF</userinput></screen> |
---|
| 119 | |
---|
| 120 | <para os="s">If dual-booting Windows, the following entry will allow |
---|
| 121 | booting it:</para> |
---|
| 122 | |
---|
| 123 | <screen os="t"><userinput>cat >> /boot/grub/menu.lst << "EOF" |
---|
| 124 | <literal>title Windows |
---|
| 125 | rootnoverify (hd0,0) |
---|
| 126 | chainloader +1</literal> |
---|
| 127 | EOF</userinput></screen> |
---|
| 128 | |
---|
| 129 | <para os="u">If <command>info grub</command> does not provide all necessary |
---|
| 130 | material, additional information regarding GRUB is located on its |
---|
| 131 | website at: <ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/"/>.</para> |
---|
| 132 | |
---|
| 133 | <para os="v">The FHS stipulates that Bootloader's configuration file should |
---|
| 134 | be symlinked to <filename class="symlink">/etc/{Bootloader Name}</filename>. |
---|
| 135 | To satisfy this requirement for GRUB, issue the following command:</para> |
---|
| 136 | |
---|
| 137 | <screen os="w"><userinput>mkdir /etc/grub && |
---|
| 138 | ln -s /boot/grub/menu.lst /etc/grub</userinput></screen> |
---|
| 139 | |
---|
| 140 | </sect1> |
---|