[bf8c11f] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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| 7 |
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| 8 | <sect1 id="ch-bootable-grub">
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| 9 | <?dbhtml filename="grub.html"?>
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| 10 |
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[b71fa50] | 11 | <title>Making the CLFS System Bootable</title>
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[bf8c11f] | 12 |
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| 13 | <indexterm zone="ch-bootable-grub">
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| 14 | <primary sortas="a-GRUB">GRUB</primary>
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| 15 | <secondary>configuring</secondary>
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| 16 | </indexterm>
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| 17 |
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[b71fa50] | 18 | <para os="a">Your shiny new CLFS system is almost complete. One of the last
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[bf8c11f] | 19 | things to do is to ensure that the system can be properly booted. The
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| 20 | instructions below apply only to computers of IA-32 architecture,
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| 21 | meaning mainstream PCs. Information on <quote>boot loading</quote> for
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| 22 | other architectures should be available in the usual resource-specific
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| 23 | locations for those architectures.</para>
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| 24 |
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| 25 | <para os="b">Boot loading can be a complex area, so a few cautionary words
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| 26 | are in order. Be familiar with the current boot loader and any other
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| 27 | operating systems present on the hard drive(s) that need to be bootable.
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| 28 | Make sure that an emergency boot disk is ready to <quote>rescue</quote>
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| 29 | the computer if the computer becomes unusable (un-bootable).</para>
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| 30 |
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| 31 | <para os="c">Earlier, we compiled and installed the GRUB boot loader software
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| 32 | in preparation for this step. The procedure involves writing some special
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| 33 | GRUB files to specific locations on the hard drive. We highly recommend
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| 34 | creating a GRUB boot floppy diskette as a backup. Insert a blank floppy
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| 35 | diskette and run the following commands:</para>
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| 36 |
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| 37 | <screen os="d"><userinput>dd if=/boot/grub/stage1 of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 count=1
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| 38 | dd if=/boot/grub/stage2 of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 seek=1</userinput></screen>
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| 39 |
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| 40 | <para os="e">Remove the diskette and store it somewhere safe. Now, run the
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| 41 | <command>grub</command> shell:</para>
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| 42 |
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| 43 | <screen os="f"><userinput>grub</userinput></screen>
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| 44 |
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| 45 | <para os="g">GRUB uses its own naming structure for drives and partitions in
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| 46 | the form of <emphasis>(hdn,m)</emphasis>, where <emphasis>n</emphasis>
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| 47 | is the hard drive number and <emphasis>m</emphasis> is the partition
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| 48 | number, both starting from zero. For example, partition <filename
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| 49 | class="partition">hda1</filename> is <emphasis>(hd0,0)</emphasis> to
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| 50 | GRUB and <filename class="partition">hdb3</filename> is
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| 51 | <emphasis>(hd1,2)</emphasis>. In contrast to Linux, GRUB does not
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| 52 | consider CD-ROM drives to be hard drives. For example, if using a CD
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| 53 | on <filename class="partition">hdb</filename> and a second hard drive
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| 54 | on <filename class="partition">hdc</filename>, that second hard drive
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| 55 | would still be <emphasis>(hd1)</emphasis>.</para>
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| 56 |
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| 57 | <para os="h">Using the above information, determine the appropriate designator
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| 58 | for the root partition (or boot partition, if a separate one is used).
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| 59 | For the following example, it is assumed that the root (or separate boot)
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| 60 | partition is <filename class="partition">hda4</filename>.</para>
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| 61 |
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| 62 | <para os="i">Tell GRUB where to search for its <filename>stage{1,2}</filename>
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| 63 | files. The Tab key can be used everywhere to make GRUB show the
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| 64 | alternatives:</para>
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| 65 |
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| 66 | <screen os="j"><userinput>root (hd0,3)</userinput></screen>
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| 67 |
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| 68 | <warning os="k">
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| 69 | <para>The following command will overwrite the current boot loader.
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| 70 | Do not run the command if this is not desired, for example, if using
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| 71 | a third party boot manager to manage the Master Boot Record (MBR).
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| 72 | In this scenario, it would make more sense to install GRUB into the
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[b71fa50] | 73 | <quote>boot sector</quote> of the CLFS partition. In this case, this
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[bf8c11f] | 74 | next command would become <userinput>setup (hd0,3)</userinput>.</para>
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| 75 | </warning>
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| 76 |
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| 77 | <para os="l">Tell GRUB to install itself into the MBR of
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| 78 | <filename class="partition">hda</filename>:</para>
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| 79 |
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| 80 | <screen os="m"><userinput>setup (hd0)</userinput></screen>
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| 81 |
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| 82 | <para os="n">If all went well, GRUB will have reported finding its files in
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| 83 | <filename class="directory">/boot/grub</filename>. That's all there is
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| 84 | to it. Quit the <command>grub</command> shell:</para>
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| 85 |
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| 86 | <screen os="o"><userinput>quit</userinput></screen>
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| 87 |
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| 88 | <para os="p">Create a <quote>menu list</quote> file defining GRUB's boot
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| 89 | menu:</para>
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| 90 |
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| 91 | <screen><userinput>cat > /boot/grub/menu.lst << "EOF"
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| 92 | <literal># Begin /boot/grub/menu.lst
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| 93 |
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| 94 | # By default boot the first menu entry.
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| 95 | default 0
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| 96 |
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| 97 | # Allow 30 seconds before booting the default.
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| 98 | timeout 30
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| 99 |
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| 100 | # Use prettier colors.
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| 101 | color green/black light-green/black
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| 102 |
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[b71fa50] | 103 | # The first entry is for CLFS.
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| 104 | title CLFS &version;
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[bf8c11f] | 105 | root (hd0,3)
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[f1fd69a] | 106 | kernel /boot/clfskernel-&linux-version; root=/dev/hda4</literal>
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[bf8c11f] | 107 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 108 |
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| 109 |
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| 110 | <para os="q">Add an entry for the host distribution if desired. It might look
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| 111 | like this:</para>
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| 112 |
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| 113 | <screen os="r"><userinput>cat >> /boot/grub/menu.lst << "EOF"
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| 114 | <literal>title Red Hat
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| 115 | root (hd0,2)
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| 116 | kernel /boot/kernel-2.6.5 root=/dev/hda3
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| 117 | initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.5</literal>
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| 118 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 119 |
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| 120 | <para os="s">If dual-booting Windows, the following entry will allow
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| 121 | booting it:</para>
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| 122 |
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| 123 | <screen os="t"><userinput>cat >> /boot/grub/menu.lst << "EOF"
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| 124 | <literal>title Windows
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| 125 | rootnoverify (hd0,0)
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| 126 | chainloader +1</literal>
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| 127 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 128 |
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| 129 | <para os="u">If <command>info grub</command> does not provide all necessary
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| 130 | material, additional information regarding GRUB is located on its
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| 131 | website at: <ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/"/>.</para>
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| 132 |
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[bbde0c5c] | 133 | <para os="v">The FHS stipulates that the bootloader's configuration file should
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[bf8c11f] | 134 | be symlinked to <filename class="symlink">/etc/{Bootloader Name}</filename>.
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| 135 | To satisfy this requirement for GRUB, issue the following command:</para>
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| 136 |
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[d1a3111] | 137 | <screen os="w"><userinput>mkdir -v /etc/grub &&
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| 138 | ln -sv /boot/grub/menu.lst /etc/grub</userinput></screen>
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[bf8c11f] | 139 |
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| 140 | </sect1>
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