source: boot/common/pwdgroup.xml@ 30e566e

Last change on this file since 30e566e was e53db169, checked in by Jim Gifford <clfs@…>, 19 years ago

r676@server (orig r674): jim | 2005-11-09 15:52:57 -0800

r712@server: jim | 2005-11-09 15:51:05 -0800
Added: missing utmp group. Thank you William Zhou


  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 4.5 KB
Line 
1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-boot-pwdgroup">
9 <?dbhtml filename="pwdgroup.html"?>
10
11 <title>Creating the passwd, group, and log Files</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-boot-pwdgroup">
14 <primary sortas="e-${LFS}/etc/passwd">${LFS}/etc/passwd</primary>
15 </indexterm>
16
17 <indexterm zone="ch-boot-pwdgroup">
18 <primary sortas="e-${LFS}/etc/group">${LFS}/etc/group</primary>
19 </indexterm>
20
21 <indexterm zone="ch-boot-pwdgroup">
22 <primary sortas="e-${LFS}/var/run/utmp">${LFS}/var/run/utmp</primary>
23 </indexterm>
24
25 <indexterm zone="ch-boot-pwdgroup">
26 <primary sortas="e-${LFS}/var/log/btmp">${LFS}/var/log/btmp</primary>
27 </indexterm>
28
29 <indexterm zone="ch-boot-pwdgroup">
30 <primary sortas="e-${LFS}/var/log/lastlog">${LFS}/var/log/lastlog</primary>
31 </indexterm>
32
33 <indexterm zone="ch-boot-pwdgroup">
34 <primary sortas="e-${LFS}/var/log/wtmp">${LFS}/var/log/wtmp</primary>
35 </indexterm>
36
37 <para>In order for user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> to
38 be able to login and for the name <quote>root</quote> to be recognized,
39 there must be relevant entries in the <filename>${LFS}/etc/passwd</filename>
40 and <filename>${LFS}/etc/group</filename> files.</para>
41
42 <para>Create the <filename>${LFS}/etc/passwd</filename> file by running
43 the following command:</para>
44
45<screen><userinput>cat &gt; ${LFS}/etc/passwd &lt;&lt; "EOF"
46<literal>root::0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
47bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/bin/false
48daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/bin/false
49adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/bin/false
50sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
51shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
52halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
53lp:x:10:18:lp:/var/spool/lp:/bin/false
54mail:x:30:30:mail:/var/spool/mail:/bin/false
55news:x:31:31:news:/var/spool/news:/bin/false
56uucp:x:32:32:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/bin/false
57operator:x:50:0:operator:/root:/bin/bash
58postmaster:x:51:30:postmaster:/var/spool/mail:/bin/false
59nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/:/bin/false</literal>
60EOF</userinput></screen>
61
62 <para os="a">The actual password for <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
63 (the <quote>x</quote> used here is just a placeholder) will be set
64 later.</para>
65
66 <para>Create the <filename>${LFS}/etc/group</filename> file by running
67 the following command:</para>
68
69<screen><userinput>cat &gt; ${LFS}/etc/group &lt;&lt; "EOF"
70<literal>root::0:root
71bin::1:root,bin,daemon
72daemon::2:root,bin,daemon
73sys::3:root,bin,adm
74adm::4:root,adm,daemon
75kmem::5:
76utmp::6:
77tty::10:
78video::11:root
79console::12:
80disk::13:root,adm
81floppy::14:root
82cdrom::15:
83cdrw::16:
84tape::17:root
85lp::18:lp
86usb::19:
87audio::20:
88dialout::21:root
89mail::30:mail
90news::31:news
91uucp::32:uucp
92users::100:
93nogroup::65533:
94nobody::65534:</literal>
95EOF</userinput></screen>
96
97 <para os="b">The created groups are not part of any standard&mdash;they are
98 groups decided on in part by the requirements of the Udev configuration
99 in the final system, and in part by common convention employed by a
100 number of existing Linux distributions. The Linux Standard Base (LSB,
101 available at <ulink url="http://www.linuxbase.org"/>) recommends only
102 that, besides the group <quote>root</quote> with a Group ID (GID) of 0,
103 a group <quote>bin</quote> with a GID of 1 be present. All other group
104 names and GIDs can be chosen freely by the system administrator since
105 well-written programs do not depend on GID numbers, but rather use the
106 group's name.</para>
107
108 <para os="c">The <command>login</command>, <command>agetty</command>, and
109 <command>init</command> programs (and others) use a number of log
110 files to record information such as who was logged into the system and
111 when. However, these programs will not write to the log files if they
112 do not already exist. Initialize the log files and give them
113 proper permissions:</para>
114
115<screen><userinput>touch ${LFS}/var/run/utmp ${LFS}/var/log/{btmp,lastlog,wtmp}
116chmod 664 ${LFS}/var/run/utmp ${LFS}/var/log/lastlog
117chmod 600 ${LFS}/var/log/btmp</userinput></screen>
118
119 <para>The <filename>${LFS}/var/run/utmp</filename> file records the users
120 that are currently logged in. The <filename>${LFS}/var/log/wtmp</filename>
121 file records all logins and logouts. The
122 <filename>${LFS}/var/log/lastlog</filename> file records when
123 each user last logged in. The <filename>${LFS}/var/log/btmp</filename> file
124 records the bad login attempts.</para>
125
126</sect1>
Note: See TracBrowser for help on using the repository browser.