[73e1db21] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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| 7 |
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| 8 | <sect1 id="ch-scripts-locale">
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| 9 | <title>Setting Up Locale Information</title>
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| 10 | <?dbhtml filename="locale.html"?>
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| 11 |
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| 12 | <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-locale">
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[2164942] | 13 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/locale.conf">/etc/locale.conf</primary>
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[73e1db21] | 14 | </indexterm>
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| 15 |
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[6365b5d] | 16 | <para>The <filename>/etc/locale.conf</filename> below sets some environment
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| 17 | variables necessary for native language support. Setting them properly
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| 18 | results in:</para>
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[73e1db21] | 19 |
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| 20 | <itemizedlist>
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| 21 | <listitem>
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| 22 | <para>The output of programs translated into the native language</para>
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| 23 | </listitem>
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| 24 | <listitem>
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[6365b5d] | 25 | <para>Correct classification of characters into letters, digits and other
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| 26 | classes. This is necessary for <command>bash</command> to properly accept
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| 27 | non-ASCII characters in command lines in non-English locales</para>
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[73e1db21] | 28 | </listitem>
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| 29 | <listitem>
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| 30 | <para>The correct alphabetical sorting order for the country</para>
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| 31 | </listitem>
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| 32 | <listitem>
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| 33 | <para>Appropriate default paper size</para>
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| 34 | </listitem>
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| 35 | <listitem>
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| 36 | <para>Correct formatting of monetary, time, and date values</para>
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| 37 | </listitem>
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| 38 | </itemizedlist>
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| 39 |
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| 40 | <para>Replace <replaceable>[ll]</replaceable> below with the
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| 41 | two-letter code for the desired language (e.g., <quote>en</quote>) and
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| 42 | <replaceable>[CC]</replaceable> with the two-letter code for the
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[2164942] | 43 | appropriate country (e.g., <quote>GB</quote> or <quote>US</quote>).
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[73e1db21] | 44 | <replaceable>[charmap]</replaceable> should be replaced with the
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[6365b5d] | 45 | canonical charmap for your chosen locale. Optional modifiers such as
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| 46 | <quote>@euro</quote> may also be present.</para>
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[73e1db21] | 47 |
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| 48 | <para>The list of all locales supported by Glibc can be obtained by running
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| 49 | the following command:</para>
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| 50 |
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| 51 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>locale -a</userinput></screen>
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| 52 |
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| 53 | <para>Locales can have a number of synonyms, e.g. <quote>ISO-8859-1</quote>
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| 54 | is also referred to as <quote>iso8859-1</quote> and <quote>iso88591</quote>.
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| 55 | Some applications cannot handle the various synonyms correctly, so it is
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| 56 | safest to choose the canonical name for a particular locale. To determine
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| 57 | the canonical name, run the following command, where <replaceable>[locale
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| 58 | name]</replaceable> is the output given by <command>locale -a</command> for
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| 59 | your preferred locale (<quote>en_US.utf8</quote> in our example).</para>
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| 60 |
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| 61 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>LC_ALL=<replaceable>[locale name]</replaceable> locale charmap</userinput></screen>
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| 62 |
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| 63 | <para>For the <quote>en_US.utf8</quote> locale, the above command
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| 64 | will print:</para>
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| 65 |
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| 66 | <screen><computeroutput>UTF-8</computeroutput></screen>
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| 67 |
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| 68 | <para>This results in a final locale setting of <quote>en_US.UTF-8</quote>.
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[6365b5d] | 69 | It is important that the locale found using the heuristic above is tested
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| 70 | prior to it being added to <filename>/etc/locale.conf</filename>:</para>
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[73e1db21] | 71 |
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[24b004c] | 72 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>LC_ALL=[locale name] locale territory
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[73e1db21] | 73 | LC_ALL=[locale name] locale language
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| 74 | LC_ALL=[locale name] locale charmap
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| 75 | LC_ALL=[locale name] locale int_curr_symbol
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| 76 | LC_ALL=[locale name] locale int_prefix</userinput></screen>
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| 77 |
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| 78 | <para>The above commands should print the language name, the character
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| 79 | encoding used by the locale, the local currency, and the prefix to dial
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| 80 | before the telephone number in order to get into the country. If any of the
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| 81 | commands above fail with a message similar to the one shown below, this means
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| 82 | that your locale was either not installed in Chapter 10 or is not supported by
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| 83 | the default installation of Glibc.</para>
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| 84 |
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| 85 | <screen><computeroutput>locale: Cannot set LC_* to default locale: No such file or directory</computeroutput></screen>
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| 86 |
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| 87 | <para>If this happens, you should either install the desired locale using
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| 88 | the <command>localedef</command> command, or consider choosing a different
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| 89 | locale. Further instructions assume that there are no such error messages
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| 90 | from Glibc.</para>
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| 91 |
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| 92 | <para>Some packages beyond CLFS may also lack support for your chosen locale.
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| 93 | One example is the X library (part of the X Window System), which outputs
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| 94 | the following error message:</para>
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| 95 |
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| 96 | <screen><computeroutput>Warning: locale not supported by Xlib, locale set to C</computeroutput></screen>
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| 97 |
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| 98 | <para>Sometimes it is possible to fix this by removing the charmap part of
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| 99 | the locale specification, as long as that does not change the character map
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| 100 | that Glibc associates with the locale (this can be checked by running the
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| 101 | <command>locale charmap</command> command in both locales). For example,
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| 102 | one would have to change "de_DE.ISO-8859-15@euro" to
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| 103 | "de_DE@euro" in order to get this locale recognized by Xlib.</para>
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| 104 |
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| 105 | <para>Other packages can also function incorrectly (but may not necessarily
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[6365b5d] | 106 | display any error messages) if the locale name does not meet their
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| 107 | expectations. In those cases, investigating how other Linux distributions
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| 108 | support your locale might provide some useful information.</para>
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[73e1db21] | 109 |
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| 110 | <para>Once the proper locale settings have been determined, create the
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[2164942] | 111 | <filename>/etc/locale.conf</filename> file:</para>
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[73e1db21] | 112 |
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[2164942] | 113 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/locale.conf << "EOF"
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| 114 | <literal># Begin /etc/locale.conf
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[73e1db21] | 115 |
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[6365b5d] | 116 | LANG=<replaceable>[ll]</replaceable>_<replaceable>[CC]</replaceable>.<replaceable>[charmap]</replaceable><replaceable>[@modifiers]</replaceable>
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[73e1db21] | 117 |
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[2164942] | 118 | # End /etc/locale.conf</literal>
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[73e1db21] | 119 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 120 |
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[6365b5d] | 121 | <para>Note that you can modify <filename>/etc/locale.conf</filename> with
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[0131d1b] | 122 | systemd's <command>localectl</command> utility. To use
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[6365b5d] | 123 | <command>localectl</command> for the example above, run:</para>
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| 124 |
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| 125 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>localectl set-locale LANG="<replaceable>[ll]_[CC][charmap][@modifiers]</replaceable>"</userinput></screen>
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| 126 |
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| 127 | <para>You can also specify other language specific environment variables such
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| 128 | as <envar>LANG</envar>, <envar>LC_CTYPE</envar>, <envar>LC_NUMERIC</envar> or
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| 129 | any other environment variable from <command>locale</command> output. Just
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[68a8a9f] | 130 | separate them with a space. An example where <envar>LANG</envar> is set as
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[6365b5d] | 131 | en_US.UTF-8 but <envar>LC_CTYPE</envar> is set as just en_US is:</para>
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| 132 |
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| 133 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>localectl set-locale LANG="en_US.UTF-8" LC_CTYPE="en_US"</userinput></screen>
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| 134 |
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| 135 | <note><para>Please note that <command>localectl</command> command can
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[0131d1b] | 136 | be used only on a system booted with systemd.</para></note>
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[73e1db21] | 137 | <para>Setting the keyboard layout, screen font, and locale-related
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| 138 | environment variables are the only internationalization steps needed to
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| 139 | support locales that use ordinary single-byte encodings and left-to-right
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[9c06d27e] | 140 | writing direction. UTF-8 has been tested on the English, French, German,
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[73e1db21] | 141 | Italian, and Spanish locales. All other locales are untested. If you discover
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[9c06d27e] | 142 | issues with any other locale please open a ticket in our Trac system.</para>
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[73e1db21] | 143 |
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[9c06d27e] | 144 | <para>Some locales need additional programs and support. CLFS will not be
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| 145 | supporting these locales in the book. We welcome the support for these other
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| 146 | locales via <ulink url="&cblfs-root;"/>.</para>
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[73e1db21] | 147 |
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| 148 | </sect1>
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