source: BOOK/network/common/hosts.xml@ 666c128

sysvinit
Last change on this file since 666c128 was b27081c4, checked in by Chris Staub <chris@…>, 9 years ago

Put one configure option per line

  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 3.3 KB
Line 
1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-network-hosts">
9 <?dbhtml filename="hosts.html"?>
10
11 <title>Customizing the /etc/hosts File</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-network-hosts">
14 <primary sortas="e-/etc/hosts">/etc/hosts</primary>
15 </indexterm>
16
17 <indexterm zone="ch-network-hosts">
18 <primary sortas="d-localnet">localnet</primary>
19 <secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary></indexterm>
20
21 <indexterm zone="ch-network-hosts">
22 <primary sortas="d-network">network</primary>
23 <secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary></indexterm>
24
25 <para>If a network card is to be configured, decide on the IP address,
26 fully-qualified domain name (FQDN), and possible aliases for use in the
27 <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file. The syntax is:</para>
28
29<screen>&lt;IP address&gt; myhost.example.org aliases</screen>
30
31 <para>Unless the computer is to be visible to the Internet (i.e.,
32 there is a registered domain and a valid block of assigned IP
33 addresses&mdash;most users do not have this), make sure that the IP
34 address is in the private network IP address range. Valid ranges
35 are:</para>
36
37<screen><literal>Private Network Address Range Normal Prefix
3810.0.0.1 - 10.255.255.254 8
39172.x.0.1 - 172.x.255.254 16
40192.168.y.1 - 192.168.y.254 24</literal></screen>
41
42 <para>x can be any number in the range 16-31. y can be any number in the
43 range 0-255.</para>
44
45 <para>A valid IP address could be 192.168.1.1. A valid FQDN for this
46 IP could be <uri>www.clfs.org</uri> (not recommended
47 because this is a valid registered domain address and could cause
48 domain name server issues).</para>
49
50 <para>Even if not using a network card, a valid FQDN is still required.
51 This is necessary for certain programs to operate correctly.</para>
52
53 <para>Create the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para>
54
55<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/hosts &lt;&lt; "EOF"
56<literal># Begin /etc/hosts (network card version)
57
58127.0.0.1 localhost
59::1 localhost
60<replaceable>[192.168.1.1]</replaceable> <replaceable>[&lt;HOSTNAME&gt;.example.org]</replaceable> <replaceable>[HOSTNAME]</replaceable> <replaceable>[alias ...]</replaceable>
61
62# End /etc/hosts (network card version)</literal>
63EOF</userinput></screen>
64
65 <para>The <replaceable>[192.168.1.1]</replaceable> and
66 <replaceable>[&lt;HOSTNAME&gt;.example.org]</replaceable>
67 values need to be changed for specific users or requirements (if
68 assigned an IP address by a network/system administrator and the
69 machine will be connected to an existing network). The optional
70 alias name(s) can be omitted.</para>
71
72 <para>If a network card is not going to be configured, create the
73 <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para>
74
75<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/hosts &lt;&lt; "EOF"
76<literal># Begin /etc/hosts (no network card version)
77
78127.0.0.1 <replaceable>[&lt;HOSTNAME&gt;.example.org]</replaceable> <replaceable>[HOSTNAME]</replaceable> localhost
79::1 localhost
80
81# End /etc/hosts (no network card version)</literal>
82EOF</userinput></screen>
83
84<para>The ::1 entry is the IPv6 counterpart of 127.0.0.1 and represents the
85 IPv6 loopback interface.</para>
86
87</sect1>
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