[3f8be484] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> |
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[aa18ac0] | 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" |
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [ |
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[0b9e109] | 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent"> |
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[3f8be484] | 5 | %general-entities; |
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| 6 | ]> |
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| 7 | |
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[0b9e109] | 8 | <sect1 id="ch-network-hosts"> |
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[3f8be484] | 9 | <?dbhtml filename="hosts.html"?> |
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| 10 | |
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[8a74dc5] | 11 | <title>Customizing the /etc/hosts File</title> |
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[3f8be484] | 12 | |
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[0b9e109] | 13 | <indexterm zone="ch-network-hosts"> |
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[3f8be484] | 14 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/hosts">/etc/hosts</primary> |
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| 15 | </indexterm> |
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| 16 | |
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[0b9e109] | 17 | <indexterm zone="ch-network-hosts"> |
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[3f8be484] | 18 | <primary sortas="d-localnet">localnet</primary> |
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| 19 | <secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary></indexterm> |
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| 20 | |
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[0b9e109] | 21 | <indexterm zone="ch-network-hosts"> |
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[3f8be484] | 22 | <primary sortas="d-network">network</primary> |
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| 23 | <secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary></indexterm> |
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| 24 | |
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| 25 | <para>If a network card is to be configured, decide on the IP address, |
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[99f8c39] | 26 | fully-qualified domain name (FQDN), and possible aliases for use in the |
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[3f8be484] | 27 | <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file. The syntax is:</para> |
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| 28 | |
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| 29 | <screen><IP address> myhost.example.org aliases</screen> |
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| 30 | |
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| 31 | <para>Unless the computer is to be visible to the Internet (i.e., |
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| 32 | there is a registered domain and a valid block of assigned IP |
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| 33 | addresses—most users do not have this), make sure that the IP |
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| 34 | address is in the private network IP address range. Valid ranges |
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| 35 | are:</para> |
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| 36 | |
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[99f8c39] | 37 | <screen><literal>Private Network Address Range Normal Prefix |
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| 38 | 10.0.0.1 - 10.255.255.254 8 |
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| 39 | 172.x.0.1 - 172.x.255.254 16 |
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| 40 | 192.168.y.1 - 192.168.y.254 24</literal></screen> |
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| 41 | |
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| 42 | <para>x can be any number in the range 16-31. y can be any number in the |
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| 43 | range 0-255.</para> |
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[3f8be484] | 44 | |
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| 45 | <para>A valid IP address could be 192.168.1.1. A valid FQDN for this |
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[e318995] | 46 | IP could be <uri>www.clfs.org</uri> (not recommended |
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[3f8be484] | 47 | because this is a valid registered domain address and could cause |
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| 48 | domain name server issues).</para> |
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| 49 | |
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[99f8c39] | 50 | <para>Even if not using a network card, a valid FQDN is still required. |
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[3f8be484] | 51 | This is necessary for certain programs to operate correctly.</para> |
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| 52 | |
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[99f8c39] | 53 | <para>Create the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para> |
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[3f8be484] | 54 | |
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[1ecf563] | 55 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF" |
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[3f8be484] | 56 | <literal># Begin /etc/hosts (network card version) |
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| 57 | |
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| 58 | 127.0.0.1 localhost |
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[99f8c39] | 59 | <replaceable>[192.168.1.1]</replaceable> <replaceable>[<HOSTNAME>.example.org]</replaceable> <replaceable>[HOSTNAME]</replaceable> <replaceable>[alias ...]</replaceable> |
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[3f8be484] | 60 | |
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| 61 | # End /etc/hosts (network card version)</literal> |
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| 62 | EOF</userinput></screen> |
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| 63 | |
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| 64 | <para>The <replaceable>[192.168.1.1]</replaceable> and |
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| 65 | <replaceable>[<HOSTNAME>.example.org]</replaceable> |
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| 66 | values need to be changed for specific users or requirements (if |
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| 67 | assigned an IP address by a network/system administrator and the |
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[99f8c39] | 68 | machine will be connected to an existing network). The optional |
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| 69 | alias name(s) can be omitted.</para> |
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[3f8be484] | 70 | |
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| 71 | <para>If a network card is not going to be configured, create the |
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| 72 | <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para> |
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| 73 | |
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[1ecf563] | 74 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF" |
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[3f8be484] | 75 | <literal># Begin /etc/hosts (no network card version) |
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| 76 | |
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| 77 | 127.0.0.1 <replaceable>[<HOSTNAME>.example.org]</replaceable> <replaceable>[HOSTNAME]</replaceable> localhost |
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| 78 | |
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| 79 | # End /etc/hosts (no network card version)</literal> |
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| 80 | EOF</userinput></screen> |
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| 81 | |
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| 82 | </sect1> |
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