source: BOOK/materials/common/introduction.xml@ 1708079

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<sect1 id="ch-materials-introduction">
  <?dbhtml filename="introduction.html"?>

  <title>Introduction</title>

  <para>This chapter includes a list of packages that need to be downloaded
  for building a basic Linux system. The listed version numbers correspond
  to versions of the software that are known to work, and this book is based
  on their use. We highly recommend not using newer versions because the
  build commands for one version may not work with a newer version. The
  newest package versions may also have problems that require work-arounds.
  These work-arounds will be developed and stabilized in the development
  version of the book.</para>

  <para>Download locations may not always be accessible. If a download
  location has changed since this book was published, Google (<ulink
  url="http://www.google.com/"/>) provides a useful search engine for
  most packages. If this search is unsuccessful, try one of the
  alternative means of downloading discussed at <ulink
  url="&packages-root;"/>.</para>

  <para>Create a directory called
  <filename class="directory">${CLFS}/sources</filename> and use it to store
  your sources and patches. All packages should be compiled there as well.
  Using any other location for compiling may have unexpected results.</para>

  <para>To create this directory, execute, as user <systemitem
  class="username">root</systemitem>, the following command before
  starting the download session:</para>

<screen><userinput>mkdir -v ${CLFS}/sources</userinput></screen>

  <para>Make this directory writable and sticky. When a directory is
  marked <quote>sticky</quote>, that means that even if multiple users have
  write permission on that directory, any file within that directory can only be
  deleted or modified by its owner. The following command, run as
  <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, will enable the
  write and sticky modes:</para>

<screen><userinput>chmod -v a+wt ${CLFS}/sources</userinput></screen>

  <para>You can download all needed packages and patches into this directory
either by using the links on the following pages in this section, or by passing
the <ulink url="../dl.list">download list</ulink> to <command>wget</command>:</para>

<screen><userinput>wget -i dl.list -P ${CLFS}/sources</userinput></screen>

  <para>Verification of downloaded packages can be done by downloading the
following MD5 or SHA1 checksum lists:</para>

  <para><ulink url="&packages-root;MD5SUMS">MD5SUMS</ulink>:</para>

<screen><userinput>pushd ${CLFS}/sources
md5sum -c MD5SUMS
popd</userinput></screen>

  <para><ulink url="&packages-root;SHA1SUMS">SHA1SUMS</ulink>:</para>

<screen><userinput>pushd ${CLFS}/sources
sha1sum -c SHA1SUMS
popd</userinput></screen>

</sect1>