source: BOOK/introduction/common/changelog.xml @ 9e8f1cc

clfs-1.2clfs-2.1clfs-3.0.0-systemdclfs-3.0.0-sysvinitsystemdsysvinit
Last change on this file since 9e8f1cc was 9e8f1cc, checked in by Jim Gifford <clfs@…>, 18 years ago

r1094@server (orig r1092): chris | 2006-01-22 23:38:38 -0800
Removed unnecessary --with-ncurses switches from temp-system bash and inetutils

  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 22.4 KB
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
3  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
4  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5  %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-intro-changelog" xreflabel="Master Changelog">
9  <?dbhtml filename="changelog.html"?>
10
11  <title>Master Changelog</title>
12
13  <para>This is version &version; of the Linux From Scratch book, dated
14  &releasedate;. If this book is more than six months old, a newer and better
15  version is probably already available. To find out, please check one of the
16  mirrors via <ulink url="&lfs-root;"/>.</para>
17
18  <para>Below is a list of detailed changes made since the previous release of
19   the book.</para>
20
21  <itemizedlist>
22    <title>Changelog Entries:</title>
23
24<!-- Changelog template
25
26    <listitem>
27      <para>Date</para>
28      <itemizedlist>
29        <listitem>
30          <para>[name] - New changelog entry.</para>
31        </listitem>
32        <listitem>
33          <para>[name] - Previous changelog entry.</para>
34        </listitem>
35      </itemizedlist>
36    </listitem>
37-->
38
39    <listitem>
40      <para>January 23, 2006</para>
41      <itemizedlist>
42        <listitem>
43          <para>[Chris] - Removed unnecessary --with-ncurses switches
44from temp-system bash and inetutils.</para>
45        </listitem>
46      </itemizedlist>
47    </listitem>
48
49    <listitem>
50      <para>January 19, 2006</para> 
51      <itemizedlist>
52        <listitem>
53          <para>[Chris] - Removed patch from shadow instructions.</para>
54        </listitem>
55        <listitem>
56          <para>[Chris] - Added perl sprintf vulnerability patch.</para>
57        </listitem>
58        <listitem>
59          <para>[jim] - Updated to Man-Pages 2.21.</para>
60        </listitem>
61      </itemizedlist>
62    </listitem>
63
64    <listitem>
65      <para>January 13, 2006</para>
66      <itemizedlist>
67        <listitem>
68          <para>[ken] - Moved grep ahead of libtool to avoid /tools being hardcoded
69          into the libtool script for EGREP.</para>
70        </listitem>
71        <listitem>
72          <para>[ken] - Alter bison to build repeatably, from LFS.</para> 
73        </listitem>
74        <listitem>
75          <para>[ken] - Alter gccbug to use mktemp, from LFS.</para> 
76        </listitem>
77        <listitem>
78          <para>[ken] - Move creation of /etc/hosts within Perl instructions,
79          for repeatability, from LFS.</para> 
80        </listitem>
81        <listitem>
82          <para>[Chris] - Moved bootloader setup to right after "Changing Ownership" in Chapter 7, and changed several package installation instructions in that chapter.</para>
83        </listitem>
84
85      </itemizedlist>
86    </listitem>
87       
88    <listitem>
89      <para>January 12, 2006</para>
90      <itemizedlist>
91        <listitem>
92          <para>[Chris] - Moved directory and symlink creation pages
93          to the beginning of Chapter 7.</para>
94        </listitem>
95        <listitem>
96          <para>[jim] - Updated to Psmisc 22.1.</para>
97        </listitem>
98        <listitem>
99          <para>[jim] - Updated to Man-Pages 2.20.</para>
100        </listitem>
101        <listitem>
102          <para>[jim] - Updated Coreutils build instructions to copy more files
103           to /bin. These are changes for bootscripts and the new udev rules.</para>
104        </listitem>
105        <listitem>
106          <para>[jim] - Updated to Linux 2.6.14.6.</para>
107        </listitem>
108        <listitem>
109          <para>[jim] - Numerous complaints about temp-system Perl failing to build. So
110          I moved temp perl to first package in final-system build. The failures we noted
111          on Pure 64 builds.</para>
112        </listitem>
113      </itemizedlist>
114    </listitem>
115
116    <listitem>
117      <para>January 11, 2006</para>
118      <itemizedlist>
119        <listitem>
120          <para>[jim] - Rewrote wrote zlib final instructions to include
121           a patch the will allow build of static and shared libraries at
122           the same time. Thanx for the recommendation Tushar Teredesai.</para>
123        </listitem>
124      </itemizedlist>
125    </listitem>
126
127    <listitem>
128      <para>January 8, 2006</para>
129      <itemizedlist>
130        <listitem>
131          <para>[Chris] - Rewrote much of the description of the build
132          process and test suite information.</para>
133        </listitem>
134      </itemizedlist>
135    </listitem>
136
137    <listitem>
138      <para>January 3, 2006</para>
139      <itemizedlist>
140        <listitem>
141          <para>[jim] - Updated to Shadow 4.0.14.</para>
142        </listitem>
143      </itemizedlist>
144    </listitem>
145
146    <listitem>
147      <para>December 30, 2005</para>
148      <itemizedlist>
149        <listitem>
150          <para>[Chris] - Updated package dependencies, removed explanation of
151          "target alias" and "cross-compiling" from final-system binutils, and
152          removed note about GRUB's testsuite failure.</para>
153        </listitem>
154        <listitem>
155          <para>[ken] - Fix where tree gets installed.</para>
156        </listitem>
157      </itemizedlist>
158    </listitem>
159
160    <listitem>
161      <para>December 29, 2005</para>
162      <itemizedlist>
163        <listitem>
164          <para>[jim] - Added CC="gcc" to temp-system perl build.</para>
165        </listitem>
166      </itemizedlist>
167    </listitem>
168
169    <listitem>
170      <para>December 28, 2005</para>
171      <itemizedlist>
172        <listitem>
173          <para>[ken] - Remove --with-x=no from expect - either we booted, or we
174          are in chroot.</para>
175        </listitem>
176        <listitem>
177          <para>[ken] - Fix a failure to build glibc-headers.</para>
178        </listitem>
179        <listitem>
180          <para>[jim] - Updated to Linux 2.6.14.5.</para>
181        </listitem>
182      </itemizedlist>
183    </listitem>
184
185    <listitem>
186      <para>December 23, 2005</para>
187      <itemizedlist>
188        <listitem>
189          <para>[jim] - Updated Shadow patch to fix linking to outside libraries.</para>
190        </listitem>
191      </itemizedlist>
192    </listitem>
193
194    <listitem>
195      <para>December 22, 2005</para>
196      <itemizedlist>
197        <listitem>
198          <para>[jim] - Bash Maintainer Released Bash-001 patch. This patch fixes the
199          following issue: There are parsing problems with compound assignments in several contexts,
200          including as arguments to builtins like `local', `eval', and `let', and
201          as multiple assignments in a single command.</para>
202        </listitem>
203        <listitem>
204          <para>[jim] - Readline Maintainer Released Readline-001 patch. This patch fixes the
205          following issue: A problem with the readline callback interface can result in segmentation
206          faults when using the delete-char function via a multiple-key sequence.
207          Two consecutive calls to delete-char will crash the application calling
208          readline.</para>
209        </listitem>
210        <listitem>
211          <para>[jim] - Removed halt, sync, and shutdown users. These users work, but offer
212           a potential security threat. Thus the reason for removal.</para>
213        </listitem>
214        <listitem>
215          <para>[jim] - Fixed Vim symlink. Thank you LFS and Jeremy Huntwork.</para>
216        </listitem>
217      </itemizedlist>
218    </listitem>
219
220    <listitem>
221      <para>December 20, 2005</para>
222      <itemizedlist>
223        <listitem>
224          <para>[jim] - Updated to M4 1.4.4.</para>
225        </listitem>
226      </itemizedlist>
227    </listitem>
228
229   <listitem>
230     <para>December 19, 2005</para>
231     <itemizedlist>
232        <listitem>
233          <para>[ken] - Fix for accessing vim's documentation, from LFS.</para>
234        </listitem>
235        <listitem>
236          <para>[jim] - Fixed the Gettext testsuite from failing, by fixing
237          an issue in Gawk. Thank you Greg Schaefer.</para>
238        </listitem>
239     </itemizedlist>
240   </listitem>
241
242    <listitem>
243      <para>December 18, 2005</para>
244      <itemizedlist>
245        <listitem>
246          <para>[jim] - Re-arranged temp-tools. Renamed it to testsuite-tools. Moved
247          perl and texinfo to temp-system. Moved flags from testsuite-tools to chroot
248          and boot sections.</para>
249        </listitem>
250        <listitem>
251          <para>[jim] - Removed 32bit and N32 builds from temp-system, upon testing
252          it was found that these were not needed for building the final system on
253          a multilib capable build.</para>
254        </listitem>
255        <listitem>
256          <para>[jim] - Updated to Libtool 1.5.22.</para>
257        </listitem>
258        <listitem>
259          <para>[jim] - Updated to Man-Pages 2.18.</para>
260        </listitem>
261      </itemizedlist>
262    </listitem>
263
264    <listitem>
265      <para>December 17, 2005</para>
266      <itemizedlist>
267        <listitem>
268          <para>[jim] - Updated to psmisc 21.9.</para>
269        </listitem>
270      </itemizedlist>
271    </listitem>
272
273    <listitem>
274      <para>December 16, 2005</para>
275      <itemizedlist>
276        <listitem>
277          <para>[jim] - Moved Tree to temp-tools, since it's not needed for the final-system.</para>
278        </listitem>
279        <listitem>
280          <para>[jim] - Moved Procps before perl in the final-system build. Fixes test suite issue
281          in perl.</para>
282        </listitem>
283      </itemizedlist>
284    </listitem>
285
286    <listitem>
287      <para>December 15, 2005</para>
288      <itemizedlist>
289        <listitem>
290          <para>[ken] - Minor fix for rendering in temp-tools/texinfo.</para>
291        </listitem>
292        <listitem>
293          <para>[jim] - Added not to temp-system about the WARNING message.</para>
294        </listitem>
295      </itemizedlist>
296    </listitem>
297
298    <listitem>
299      <para>December 14, 2005</para>
300      <itemizedlist>
301        <listitem>
302          <para>[jim] - Change the LFS_HOST and LFS_TARGET pages to prevent
303          further build issues.</para>
304        </listitem>
305        <listitem>
306          <para>[jim] - Updated to Man-Pages 2.17.</para>
307        </listitem>
308        <listitem>
309          <para>[jim] - Added Tree 1.5.0. Added for the udev testsuite.</para>
310        </listitem>
311      </itemizedlist>
312    </listitem>
313
314    <listitem>
315      <para>December 13, 2005</para>
316      <itemizedlist>
317        <listitem>
318          <para>[jim] - Removed setvbuf test from Temp-System Bash compile.
319          Thanks to David Fix.</para>
320        </listitem>
321      </itemizedlist>
322    </listitem>
323
324    <listitem>
325      <para>December 12, 2005</para>
326      <itemizedlist>
327        <listitem>
328          <para>[jim] - Removed testsuites from Temp-Tools section.</para>
329        </listitem>
330      </itemizedlist>
331    </listitem>
332
333    <listitem>
334      <para>December 11, 2005</para>
335      <itemizedlist>
336        <listitem>
337          <para>[ken] - Fix Tcl configure, thanks to Greg Schafer.</para>
338        </listitem>
339      </itemizedlist>
340    </listitem>
341
342    <listitem>
343      <para>December 9, 2005</para>
344      <itemizedlist>
345        <listitem>
346          <para>[jim] - Upgraded to Module Init Tools 3.2.2.</para>
347        </listitem>
348        <listitem>
349          <para>[ken] - Bzip2 - clarify what is being tested.</para>
350        </listitem>
351        <listitem>
352          <para>[jim] - Removed installation of sound sanitized headers.
353          They will be removed in the next release of linux-libc-headers.</para>
354        </listitem>
355      </itemizedlist>
356    </listitem>
357
358    <listitem>
359      <para>December 8, 2005</para>
360      <itemizedlist>
361        <listitem>
362          <para>[jim] - Upgraded to Less 394.</para>
363        </listitem>
364        <listitem>
365          <para>[jim] - Upgraded to Bash 3.1.</para>
366        </listitem>
367        <listitem>
368          <para>[jim] - Upgraded to Readline 5.1.</para>
369        </listitem>
370      </itemizedlist>
371    </listitem>
372
373    <listitem>
374      <para>December 7, 2005</para>
375      <itemizedlist>
376        <listitem>
377          <para>[jim] - Upgraded to TCL 8.4.12.</para>
378        </listitem>
379        <listitem>
380          <para>[jim] - Upgraded to IPRoute2 2.6.14-051107.</para>
381        </listitem>
382        <listitem>
383          <para>[jim] - Upgraded to Readline 5.0.5.</para>
384        </listitem>
385        <listitem>
386          <para>[jim] - Upgraded to Bash 3.0.16.</para>
387        </listitem>
388      </itemizedlist>
389    </listitem>
390
391    <listitem>
392      <para>December 6, 2005</para>
393      <itemizedlist>
394        <listitem>
395          <para>[jim] - Upgraded to Glibc 20051107.</para>
396        </listitem>
397        <listitem>
398          <para>[jim] - Sparcv8 now uses the same Glibc as the other architectures.</para>
399        </listitem>
400        <listitem>
401          <para>[jim] - Ported Gettext update from Temp-system LFS to Cross-LFS.</para>
402        </listitem>
403        <listitem>
404          <para>[ken] - Tidying in Gettext to reflect our differences from LFS, and
405                correct the date in changelog.</para>
406        </listitem>
407        <listitem>
408          <para>[jim] - Moved Cross-tools from $HOME to LFS. This provide a easy way
409          for livecd builders to not loose valueable build time, if something goes
410          wrong.</para>
411        </listitem>
412        <listitem>
413          <para>[jim] - Upgraded to Findutils 4.2.27.</para>
414        </listitem>
415      </itemizedlist>
416    </listitem>
417
418    <listitem>
419      <para>December 5, 2005</para>
420      <itemizedlist>
421        <listitem>
422          <para>[Matt Darcy] - Updated the resources page to include reference and base
423                instructions on using the LFS pastebin</para>
424        </listitem>
425        <listitem>
426          <para>[Matt Darcy] - Updated some of the missing text poritions of the book</para>
427        </listitem>
428        <listitem>
429          <para>[Matt Darcy] - Updated creation of $LFSHOME parameter to a less
430                user error system. This change will will need to be validated by
431                by other devs</para>
432        </listitem>
433        <listitem>
434          <para>[ken] - Moved Mktemp ahead of Module-init-tools so that the latter's
435                testsuite doesn't bail out when testing generate-modprobe.conf.</para>
436        </listitem>
437      </itemizedlist>
438    </listitem>
439
440    <listitem>
441      <para>December 3, 2005</para>
442      <itemizedlist>
443        <listitem>
444          <para>[ken] - Reference a home directory for dummy user when testing
445          coreutils, and correct sed 'man page' to 'HTML documentation', both
446          from LFS.</para>
447        </listitem>
448      </itemizedlist>
449    </listitem>
450
451    <listitem>
452      <para>December 2, 2005</para>
453      <itemizedlist>
454        <listitem>
455          <para>[jim] - Updated to Man-Pages 2.16.</para>
456        </listitem>
457      </itemizedlist>
458    </listitem>
459
460    <listitem>
461      <para>December 1, 2005</para>
462      <itemizedlist>
463        <listitem>
464          <para>[jim] - Updated to Linux 2.6.14.3.</para>
465        </listitem>
466        <listitem>
467          <para>[jim] - Updated to Man-Pages 2.15.</para>
468        </listitem>
469        <listitem>
470          <para>[jim] - Updated to Udev 076.</para>
471        </listitem>
472        <listitem>
473          <para>[jim] - Added support for Sparc v8 and below.</para>
474        </listitem>
475      </itemizedlist>
476    </listitem>
477
478   <listitem>
479      <para>November 30, 2005</para>
480      <itemizedlist>
481        <listitem>
482          <para>[jim] - Text updates to final-system.</para>
483        </listitem>
484        <listitem>
485          <para>[jim] - Text updates to temp-tools.</para>
486        </listitem>
487      </itemizedlist>
488    </listitem>
489
490   <listitem>
491      <para>November 29, 2005</para>
492      <itemizedlist>
493        <listitem>
494          <para>[jim] - Text updates to chroot.</para>
495        </listitem>
496        <listitem>
497          <para>[jim] - Text updates to boot.</para>
498        </listitem>
499      </itemizedlist>
500    </listitem>
501
502   <listitem>
503      <para>November 28, 2005</para>
504      <itemizedlist>
505        <listitem>
506          <para>[jim] - Text updates to glibc in all sections.</para>
507        </listitem>
508        <listitem>
509          <para>[jim] - Text updates to temp-system.</para>
510        </listitem>
511        <listitem>
512          <para>[jim] - Fixed duplicated gcc configure line in gcc. Thank you Dennis Perkins.</para>
513        </listitem>
514      </itemizedlist>
515    </listitem>
516
517   <listitem>
518      <para>November 27, 2005</para>
519      <itemizedlist>
520        <listitem>
521          <para>[jim] - Text updates to gcc in all sections.</para>
522        </listitem>
523        <listitem>
524          <para>[jim] - Updates to Ncurses, added curses file and link. Thank you G. Moko.</para>
525        </listitem>
526      </itemizedlist>
527    </listitem>
528
529   <listitem>
530      <para>November 25, 2005</para>
531      <itemizedlist>
532        <listitem>
533          <para>[jim] - Text updates to binutils in all sections.</para>
534        </listitem>
535      </itemizedlist>
536    </listitem>
537
538    <listitem>
539      <para>November 24, 2005</para>
540      <itemizedlist>
541        <listitem>
542          <para>[Matt Darcy] - Text updates to resources page </para>
543        </listitem>
544        <listitem>
545          <para>[Matt Darcy] - Updated reference to LFS news server to reflect
546          that it no longer exists</para>
547        </listitem>
548      </itemizedlist>
549    </listitem>
550
551    <listitem>
552      <para>November 23, 2005</para>
553      <itemizedlist>
554        <listitem>
555          <para>[jim] - For inetutils to utilize the Ncurses headers in
556          /tools/include.</para>
557        </listitem>
558      </itemizedlist>
559    </listitem>
560
561    <listitem>
562      <para>November 21, 2005</para>
563      <itemizedlist>
564        <listitem>
565          <para>[jim] - Updated to Udev 075.</para>
566        </listitem>
567        <listitem>
568          <para>[jim] - Updated to Module Init Tools 3.2.1.</para>
569        </listitem>
570      </itemizedlist>
571    </listitem>
572
573    <listitem>
574      <para>November 20, 2005</para>
575      <itemizedlist>
576        <listitem>
577          <para>[jim] - Updated to Findutils 4.2.26.</para>
578        </listitem>
579      </itemizedlist>
580    </listitem>
581
582    <listitem>
583      <para>November 18, 2005</para>
584      <itemizedlist>
585        <listitem>
586          <para>[manuel] - Fixed the unpack of the module-init-tools-testsuite
587          package.</para>
588        </listitem>
589      </itemizedlist>
590    </listitem>
591
592    <listitem>
593      <para>November 17, 2005</para>
594      <itemizedlist>
595        <listitem>
596          <para>[jim] - Update to Man-Pages 2.14.</para>
597        </listitem>
598        <listitem>
599          <para>[jim] - Update to Linux 2.6.14.2. This includes changes for the MIPS
600          Architecture. New Patch added.</para>
601        </listitem>
602        <listitem>
603          <para>[jim] - Added change to move /usr/bin/less to /bin/less.</para>
604        </listitem>
605      </itemizedlist>
606    </listitem>
607
608    <listitem>
609      <para>November 13, 2005</para>
610      <itemizedlist>
611        <listitem>
612          <para>[manuel] - Improve the heuristic for determining a locale that
613          is supported by both Glibc and packages outside LFS. Ported from
614          LFS-SVN.</para>
615        </listitem>
616        <listitem>
617          <para>[manuel] - Omit running Bzip2's testsuite as a separate step,
618          as make runs it automatically. Ported from LFS-SVN.</para>
619        </listitem>
620        <listitem>
621          <para>[jim] - Updated TCL build to install headers. Thank you Greg Schafer.</para>
622        </listitem>
623        <listitem>
624          <para>[jim] - Updated Expect to use the newly relocated TCL Headers. Thank you Greg Schafer.</para>
625        </listitem>
626      </itemizedlist>
627    </listitem>
628
629    <listitem>
630      <para>November 10, 2005</para>
631      <itemizedlist>
632        <listitem>
633          <para>[ken] - Added Data/Dumper to temp perl modules, for coreutils
634          testsuite. Ported from LFS-SVN.</para>
635        </listitem>
636        <listitem>
637          <para>[ken] - Removed POSIX VERSION information from coreutils page Thank you G Moko.</para>
638        </listitem>
639        <listitem>
640          <para>[jim] - Added text for multilib kernel build requirements.</para>
641        </listitem>
642      </itemizedlist>
643    </listitem>
644
645    <listitem>
646      <para>November 9, 2005</para>
647      <itemizedlist>
648        <listitem>
649          <para>[manuel] - Stop Udev from killing udevd processes on the
650          system and removed udevdir=/dev. Ported from LFS-SVN.</para>
651        </listitem>
652        <listitem>
653          <para>[manuel] - Install the binaries from Less to /usr/bin instead
654          of /bin. Ported from LFS-SVN.</para>
655        </listitem>
656        <listitem>
657          <para>[manuel] - Removed SBUs and disk usage information.</para>
658        </listitem>
659        <listitem>
660          <para>[jim] - Added missing utmp group. Thank you William Zhou.</para>
661        </listitem>
662      </itemizedlist>
663    </listitem>
664
665    <listitem>
666      <para>November 8, 2005</para>
667      <itemizedlist>
668        <listitem>
669          <para>[jim] - Removed make headers -C bfd from Binutils. Thank you Robert Day.</para>
670        </listitem>
671      </itemizedlist>
672    </listitem>
673
674    <listitem>
675      <para>November 7, 2005</para>
676      <itemizedlist>
677        <listitem>
678          <para>[manuel] - Remove the optimization related warnings from the
679          toolchain packages. Ported from LFS-SVN.</para>
680        </listitem>
681        <listitem>
682          <para>[manuel] - Install Vim's documentation to <filename
683          class="directory">/usr/share/doc/vim-&vim-version;</filename> instead
684          of <filename class="directory">/usr/share/vim/vim64/doc</filename>.
685          Ported from LFS-SVN.</para>
686        </listitem>
687        <listitem>
688          <para>[manuel] - Correct the instructions for running the
689          Module-Init-Tools' testsuite. Ported from LFS-SVN.</para>
690        </listitem>
691        <listitem>
692          <para>[jim] - Removed unnecessary linking libc sed in gcc-final in
693          cross-tools. Recommendation from Erik-Jan, via cross-lfs list.</para>
694        </listitem>
695      </itemizedlist>
696    </listitem>
697
698    <listitem>
699      <para>November 6, 2005</para>
700      <itemizedlist>
701        <listitem>
702          <para>[jim] - Updated to Coreutils 5.93.</para>
703        </listitem>
704        <listitem>
705          <para>[jim] - Updated to Procps 3.2.6.</para>
706        </listitem>
707        <listitem>
708          <para>[jim] - Updated to Man-Pages 2.13.</para>
709        </listitem>
710      </itemizedlist>
711    </listitem>
712
713    <listitem>
714      <para>November 5, 2005</para>
715      <itemizedlist>
716        <listitem>
717          <para>[jim] - Updated to psmisc 21.8.</para>
718        </listitem>
719      </itemizedlist>
720    </listitem>
721
722    <listitem>
723      <para>November 3, 2005</para>
724      <itemizedlist>
725        <listitem>
726          <para>[jim] - Fixes added to coreutils. Coreutils was install locales to /locale.
727           Added fixes for dircolors and md5sum also.</para>
728        </listitem>
729      </itemizedlist>
730    </listitem>
731
732    <listitem>
733      <para>October 31, 2005</para>
734      <itemizedlist>
735        <listitem>
736          <para>[jim] - Now an official project. Resetting all Changelogs.</para>
737        </listitem>
738      </itemizedlist>
739    </listitem>
740
741  </itemizedlist>
742
743  <para>Branch Synced from the Release of LFS 6.0 on February 23rd, 2005</para>
744
745</sect1>
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