1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> |
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" |
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [ |
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent"> |
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5 | %general-entities; |
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6 | ]> |
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7 | <sect1 id="ch-system-sysvinit" role="wrap"> |
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8 | <?dbhtml filename="sysvinit.html"?> |
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9 | |
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10 | <title>Sysvinit-&sysvinit-version;</title> |
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11 | |
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12 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit"> |
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13 | <primary sortas="a-Sysvinit">Sysvinit</primary> |
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14 | </indexterm> |
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15 | |
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16 | <sect2 role="package"> |
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17 | <title/> |
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18 | |
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19 | <para>The Sysvinit package contains programs for controlling the startup, |
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20 | running, and shutdown of the system.</para> |
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21 | |
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22 | </sect2> |
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23 | |
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24 | <sect2 role="installation"> |
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25 | <title>Installation of Sysvinit</title> |
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26 | |
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27 | <para os="a">When run-levels are changed (for example, when halting the |
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28 | system), <command>init</command> sends termination signals to those |
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29 | processes that <command>init</command> itself started and that should |
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30 | not be running in the new run-level. While doing this, |
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31 | <command>init</command> outputs messages like <quote>Sending processes |
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32 | the TERM signal</quote> which seem to imply that it is sending these |
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33 | signals to all currently running processes. To avoid this |
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34 | misinterpretation, modify the source so that these messages read like |
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35 | <quote>Sending processes started by init the TERM signal</quote> |
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36 | instead:</para> |
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37 | |
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38 | <screen os="b"><userinput>sed -i 's@Sending processes@& started by init@g' \ |
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39 | src/init.c</userinput></screen> |
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40 | |
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41 | <para os="c">Compile the package:</para> |
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42 | |
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43 | <screen os="d"><userinput>make -C src clobber |
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44 | make -C src</userinput></screen> |
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45 | |
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46 | <para os="e">Install the package:</para> |
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47 | |
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48 | <screen os="f"><userinput>make -C src install</userinput></screen> |
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49 | |
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50 | </sect2> |
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51 | |
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52 | <sect2 id="conf-sysvinit" role="configuration"> |
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53 | <title>Configuring Sysvinit</title> |
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54 | |
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55 | <indexterm zone="conf-sysvinit"> |
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56 | <primary sortas="a-Sysvinit">Sysvinit</primary> |
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57 | <secondary>configuring</secondary></indexterm> |
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58 | |
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59 | <indexterm zone="conf-sysvinit"> |
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60 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/inittab">/etc/inittab</primary> |
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61 | </indexterm> |
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62 | |
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63 | <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/inittab</filename> by running the |
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64 | following:</para> |
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65 | |
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66 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/inittab << "EOF" |
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67 | <literal># Begin /etc/inittab |
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68 | |
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69 | id:3:initdefault: |
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70 | |
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71 | si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc sysinit |
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72 | |
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73 | l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 0 |
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74 | l1:S1:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 1 |
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75 | l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 2 |
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76 | l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 3 |
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77 | l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 4 |
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78 | l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 5 |
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79 | l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 6 |
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80 | |
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81 | ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now |
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82 | |
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83 | su:S016:once:/sbin/sulogin |
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84 | |
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85 | 1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty1 9600 |
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86 | 2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty2 9600 |
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87 | 3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty3 9600 |
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88 | 4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty4 9600 |
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89 | 5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty5 9600 |
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90 | 6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty6 9600 |
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91 | |
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92 | # End /etc/inittab</literal> |
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93 | EOF</userinput></screen> |
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94 | |
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95 | <para>The <parameter>-I '\033(K'</parameter> option tells |
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96 | <command>agetty</command> to send this escape sequence to the terminal |
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97 | before doing anything else. This escape sequence switches the console |
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98 | character set to a user-defined one, which can be modified by running |
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99 | the <command>setfont</command> program. The <command>console</command> |
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100 | initscript from the CLFS-Bootscripts package calls the |
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101 | <command>setfont</command> program during system startup. Sending this |
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102 | escape sequence is necessary for people who use non-ISO 8859-1 screen |
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103 | fonts, but it does not affect native English speakers.</para> |
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104 | |
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105 | </sect2> |
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106 | |
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107 | <sect2 id="contents-sysvinit" role="content"> |
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108 | <title>Contents of Sysvinit</title> |
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109 | |
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110 | <segmentedlist> |
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111 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle> |
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112 | |
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113 | <seglistitem> |
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114 | <seg>bootlogd, halt, init, killall5, last, lastb (link to last), mesg, |
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115 | mountpoint, pidof (link to killall5), poweroff (link to halt), |
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116 | reboot (link to halt), runlevel, shutdown, sulogin, |
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117 | telinit (link to init), utmpdump, and wall</seg> |
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118 | </seglistitem> |
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119 | </segmentedlist> |
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120 | |
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121 | <variablelist> |
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122 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead> |
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123 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> |
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124 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?> |
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125 | |
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126 | <varlistentry id="bootlogd"> |
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127 | <term><command>bootlogd</command></term> |
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128 | <listitem> |
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129 | <para>Logs boot messages to a log file</para> |
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130 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit bootlogd"> |
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131 | <primary sortas="b-bootlogd">bootlogd</primary> |
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132 | </indexterm> |
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133 | </listitem> |
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134 | </varlistentry> |
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135 | |
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136 | <varlistentry id="halt"> |
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137 | <term><command>halt</command></term> |
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138 | <listitem> |
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139 | <para>Normally invokes <command>shutdown</command> with the |
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140 | <parameter>-h</parameter> option, except when already in run-level 0, |
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141 | then it tells the kernel to halt the system; it notes in the |
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142 | file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> that the system is being |
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143 | brought down</para> |
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144 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit halt"> |
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145 | <primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary> |
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146 | </indexterm> |
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147 | </listitem> |
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148 | </varlistentry> |
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149 | |
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150 | <varlistentry id="init"> |
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151 | <term><command>init</command></term> |
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152 | <listitem> |
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153 | <para>The first process to be started when the kernel has initialized |
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154 | the hardware which takes over the boot process and starts all the |
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155 | proceses it is instructed to</para> |
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156 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit init"> |
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157 | <primary sortas="b-init">init</primary> |
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158 | </indexterm> |
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159 | </listitem> |
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160 | </varlistentry> |
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161 | |
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162 | <varlistentry id="killall5"> |
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163 | <term><command>killall5</command></term> |
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164 | <listitem> |
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165 | <para>Sends a signal to all processes, except the processes in its own |
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166 | session so it will not kill the shell running the script that called |
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167 | it</para> |
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168 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit killall5"> |
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169 | <primary sortas="b-killall5">killall5</primary> |
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170 | </indexterm> |
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171 | </listitem> |
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172 | </varlistentry> |
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173 | |
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174 | <varlistentry id="last"> |
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175 | <term><command>last</command></term> |
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176 | <listitem> |
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177 | <para>Shows which users last logged in (and out), searching back |
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178 | through the <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> file; it also shows |
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179 | system boots, shutdowns, and run-level changes</para> |
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180 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit last"> |
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181 | <primary sortas="b-last">last</primary> |
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182 | </indexterm> |
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183 | </listitem> |
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184 | </varlistentry> |
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185 | |
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186 | <varlistentry id="lastb"> |
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187 | <term><command>lastb</command></term> |
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188 | <listitem> |
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189 | <para>Shows the failed login attempts, as logged in |
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190 | <filename>/var/log/btmp</filename></para> |
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191 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit lastb"> |
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192 | <primary sortas="b-lastb">lastb</primary> |
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193 | </indexterm> |
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194 | </listitem> |
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195 | </varlistentry> |
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196 | |
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197 | <varlistentry id="mesg"> |
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198 | <term><command>mesg</command></term> |
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199 | <listitem> |
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200 | <para>Controls whether other users can send messages to the current |
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201 | user's terminal</para> |
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202 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit mesg"> |
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203 | <primary sortas="b-mesg">mesg</primary> |
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204 | </indexterm> |
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205 | </listitem> |
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206 | </varlistentry> |
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207 | |
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208 | <varlistentry id="mountpoint"> |
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209 | <term><command>mountpoint</command></term> |
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210 | <listitem> |
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211 | <para>Tells you whether or not a directory is a mount point.</para> |
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212 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit mountpoint"> |
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213 | <primary sortas="b-mountpoint">mountpoint</primary> |
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214 | </indexterm> |
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215 | </listitem> |
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216 | </varlistentry> |
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217 | |
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218 | <varlistentry id="pidof"> |
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219 | <term><command>pidof</command></term> |
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220 | <listitem> |
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221 | <para>Reports the PIDs of the given programs</para> |
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222 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit pidof"> |
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223 | <primary sortas="b-pidof">pidof</primary> |
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224 | </indexterm> |
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225 | </listitem> |
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226 | </varlistentry> |
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227 | |
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228 | <varlistentry id="poweroff"> |
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229 | <term><command>poweroff</command></term> |
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230 | <listitem> |
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231 | <para>Tells the kernel to halt the system and switch off the computer |
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232 | (see <command>halt</command>)</para> |
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233 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit poweroff"> |
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234 | <primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary> |
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235 | </indexterm> |
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236 | </listitem> |
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237 | </varlistentry> |
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238 | |
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239 | <varlistentry id="reboot"> |
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240 | <term><command>reboot</command></term> |
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241 | <listitem> |
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242 | <para>Tells the kernel to reboot the system (see |
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243 | <command>halt</command>)</para> |
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244 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit reboot"> |
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245 | <primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary> |
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246 | </indexterm> |
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247 | </listitem> |
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248 | </varlistentry> |
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249 | |
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250 | <varlistentry id="runlevel"> |
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251 | <term><command>runlevel</command></term> |
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252 | <listitem> |
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253 | <para>Reports the previous and the current run-level, as noted in |
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254 | the last run-level record in <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename></para> |
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255 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit runlevel"> |
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256 | <primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary> |
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257 | </indexterm> |
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258 | </listitem> |
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259 | </varlistentry> |
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260 | |
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261 | <varlistentry id="shutdown"> |
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262 | <term><command>shutdown</command></term> |
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263 | <listitem> |
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264 | <para>Brings the system down in a secure way, signaling all processes |
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265 | and notifying all logged-in users</para> |
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266 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit shutdown"> |
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267 | <primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary> |
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268 | </indexterm> |
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269 | </listitem> |
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270 | </varlistentry> |
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271 | |
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272 | <varlistentry id="sulogin"> |
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273 | <term><command>sulogin</command></term> |
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274 | <listitem> |
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275 | <para>Allows <emphasis>root</emphasis> to log in; it is normally |
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276 | invoked by <command>init</command> when the system goes into single |
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277 | user mode</para> |
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278 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit sulogin"> |
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279 | <primary sortas="b-sulogin">sulogin</primary> |
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280 | </indexterm> |
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281 | </listitem> |
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282 | </varlistentry> |
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283 | |
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284 | <varlistentry id="telinit"> |
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285 | <term><command>telinit</command></term> |
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286 | <listitem> |
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287 | <para>Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change to</para> |
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288 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit telinit"> |
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289 | <primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary> |
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290 | </indexterm> |
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291 | </listitem> |
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292 | </varlistentry> |
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293 | |
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294 | <varlistentry id="utmpdump"> |
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295 | <term><command>utmpdump</command></term> |
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296 | <listitem> |
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297 | <para>Displays the content of the given login file in a more |
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298 | user-friendly format</para> |
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299 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit utmpdump"> |
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300 | <primary sortas="b-utmpdump">utmpdump</primary> |
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301 | </indexterm> |
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302 | </listitem> |
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303 | </varlistentry> |
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304 | |
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305 | <varlistentry id="wall"> |
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306 | <term><command>wall</command></term> |
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307 | <listitem> |
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308 | <para>Writes a message to all logged-in users</para> |
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309 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit wall"> |
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310 | <primary sortas="b-wall">wall</primary> |
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311 | </indexterm> |
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312 | </listitem> |
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313 | </varlistentry> |
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314 | |
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315 | </variablelist> |
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316 | |
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317 | </sect2> |
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318 | |
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319 | </sect1> |
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