source: BOOK/final-system/common/systemd.xml @ f947bbd

systemd
Last change on this file since f947bbd was 09e511ce, checked in by Chris Staub <chris@…>, 10 years ago

Disable lto for systemd
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5  %general-entities;
6]>
7<sect1 id="ch-system-systemd" role="wrap">
8  <?dbhtml filename="systemd.html"?>
9
10  <title>Systemd-&systemd-version;</title>
11
12  <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd">
13    <primary sortas="a-systemd">Systemd</primary>
14  </indexterm>
15
16  <sect2 role="package">
17    <title/>
18
19    <para>The systemd package is a system and service manager for Linux
20    operating systems.</para>
21
22  </sect2>
23
24  <sect2 role="installation">
25    <title>Installation of Systemd</title>
26
27    <para os="p1">Systemd 209 merged several libraries into
28    <filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd</filename>, but some packages
29    that use systemd still expect those separate libraries. Apply a patch
30    to allow backwards compatibility with these packages by
31    installing Pkg-config files for the old libraries:</para>
32
33<screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&systemd-compat-patch;</userinput></screen>
34
35    <para os="s1">Prevent the <filename>Makefile</filename> from trying to run
36    <command>setcap</command> on <command>systemd-detect-virt</command>,
37    which will fail if the kernel or file system does not support extended
38    capabilities:</para>
39
40<screen os="s2"><userinput>sed -i '/virt-install-hook /d' Makefile.in</userinput></screen>
41
42    <para os="s3">The <filename>timesyncd.conf</filename> file contains a
43    reference to a non-existent <filename>timesyncd.conf(5)</filename> man
44    page. Remove that reference to avoid possible confusion:</para>
45
46<screen os="s4"><userinput>sed -i '/timesyncd.conf/d' src/timesync/timesyncd.conf.in</userinput></screen>
47
48    <para os="s5">By default, <command>systemd-fsck</command> will run
49    <filename>/sbin/fsck</filename> with the <option>-l</option> option, which
50    applies an <function>flock</function> on the file system being checked.
51    This can conflict with an <function>flock</function> that
52    systemd itself puts on the file system, which could result in problems
53    booting. <command>fsck</command> will be fixed to avoid this problem in a
54    future release of Util-linux, but for now we will work around the issue by
55    simply preventing <command>systemd-fsck</command> from using <option>-l</option>:</para>
56
57<screen os="s6"><userinput>sed -i '/-l/d' src/fsck/fsck.c</userinput></screen>
58
59    <para os="a">Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
60
61<screen os="b"><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr \
62    --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var \
63    --libexecdir=/usr/lib --docdir=/usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version; \
64    --with-rootprefix="" --with-rootlibdir=/lib \
65    --enable-split-usr --disable-gudev --with-kbd-loadkeys=/bin/loadkeys \
66    --with-kbd-setfont=/bin/setfont --with-dbuspolicydir=/etc/dbus-1/system.d \
67    --with-dbusinterfacedir=/usr/share/dbus-1/interfaces \
68    --with-dbussessionservicedir=/usr/share/dbus-1/services \
69    --with-dbussystemservicedir=/usr/share/dbus-1/system-services \
70    cc_cv_CFLAGS__flto=no</userinput></screen>
71
72    <variablelist os="c">
73      <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
74
75      <varlistentry>
76        <term><parameter>--with-root*</parameter></term>
77        <listitem>
78          <para>These switches ensure that core programs and
79          shared libraries are installed in the subdirectories
80          of the root partition.</para>
81        </listitem>
82      </varlistentry>
83
84      <varlistentry>
85        <term><parameter>--enable-split-usr</parameter></term>
86        <listitem>
87          <para>This switch ensures that systemd will work on
88          systems where /bin, /lib and /sbin directories are not
89          symlinks to their /usr counterparts.</para>
90        </listitem>
91      </varlistentry>
92
93      <varlistentry>
94        <term><parameter>--disable-gudev</parameter></term>
95        <listitem>
96          <para>This switch prevents systemd from building
97          <filename class="libraryfile">libgudev</filename> as it requires
98          Glib, which is not installed in CLFS.</para>
99        </listitem>
100      </varlistentry>
101
102      <varlistentry>
103        <term><parameter>--with-dbus*</parameter></term>
104        <listitem>
105          <para>These switches ensure that D-Bus configuration files get
106          installed to the correct locations.</para>
107        </listitem>
108      </varlistentry>
109
110      <varlistentry>
111        <term><parameter>cc_cv_CFLAGS__flto=no</parameter></term>
112        <listitem>
113          <para>This prevents the build system from using GCC's Link-time
114          optimization (LTO), to ensure that systemd's binaries will not try
115          to link to <filename class="libraryfile">libgcc_s</filename>.</para>
116        </listitem>
117      </varlistentry>
118
119    </variablelist>
120
121    <para os="d">Compile the package:</para>
122
123<screen os="e"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
124
125    <para os="f">Prevent a broken test case from running:</para>
126
127<screen os="g"><userinput remap="test">sed -e "s:test/udev-test.pl::g" \
128    -e "s:test-bus-cleanup\$(EXEEXT) ::g" \
129    -e "s:test-bus-gvariant\$(EXEEXT) ::g" \
130    -i Makefile</userinput></screen>
131
132    <para os="h">To test the results, issue:</para>
133
134<screen os="i"><userinput remap="test">make check</userinput></screen>
135
136    <para os="j">Install the package:</para>
137
138<screen os="k"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
139
140    <para os="l">Install documentation files that are not installed by default:</para>
141
142<screen os="m"><userinput>install -v -m644 man/*.html /usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version;</userinput></screen>
143
144    <para os="n">Move the
145    <filename class="libraryfile">nss_myhostname</filename> library to
146    <filename class="directory">/lib</filename>:</para>
147
148<screen os="o"><userinput>mv -v /usr/lib/libnss_myhostname.so.2 /lib</userinput></screen>
149
150    <para os="p">Remove an unnecessary directory:</para>
151
152<screen os="q"><userinput>rm -rfv /usr/lib/rpm</userinput></screen>
153
154    <para os="r">Create symlinks for backwards-compatibility with Sysvinit:</para>
155
156<screen os="s"><userinput>for tool in runlevel reboot shutdown poweroff halt telinit; do
157  ln -sfv ../bin/systemctl /sbin/$tool
158done
159ln -sfv ../lib/systemd/systemd /sbin/init</userinput></screen>
160
161    <para os="t">Modify a configuration file which references a group that
162    doesn't exist:</para>
163
164<screen os="u"><userinput>sed -i "s@root lock@root root@g" /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/legacy.conf</userinput></screen>
165
166  </sect2>
167
168  <sect2 id="conf-systemd" role="configuration">
169    <title>Configuring Systemd</title>
170
171    <indexterm zone="conf-systemd">
172      <primary sortas="a-systemd">systemd</primary>
173    <secondary>configuring</secondary></indexterm>
174
175    <indexterm zone="conf-systemd">
176      <primary sortas="e-/etc/os-release">/etc/os-release</primary>
177    </indexterm>
178
179    <para>Create <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> which is needed
180    by Journald:</para>
181
182<screen><userinput>systemd-machine-id-setup</userinput></screen>
183
184    <para>Create a file to identify the operating system.
185    <command>systemd</command> will use this file on boot to put information
186    on the screen.</para>
187
188<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/os-release &lt;&lt; "EOF"
189# Begin /etc/os-release
190
191NAME=Cross-LFS
192ID=clfs
193
194PRETTY_NAME=Cross Linux From Scratch
195ANSI_COLOR=0;33
196
197VERSION=&version;
198VERSION_ID=&versionid;
199
200# End /etc/os-release
201EOF</userinput></screen>
202
203  </sect2>
204
205  <sect2 id="contents-systemd" role="content">
206    <title>Contents of Systemd</title>
207
208    <segmentedlist>
209      <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
210      <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
211      <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
212
213      <seglistitem>
214        <seg>bootctl, busctl, halt (link to systemctl), hostnamectl,
215        init (link to systemd), journalctl, kernel-install, localectl, loginctl,
216        machinectl, poweroff (link to systemctl), reboot (link to systemctl),
217        runlevel (link to systemctl), shutdown (link to systemctl),
218        systemctl, systemd, system-analyze, systemd-ask-password, systemd-cat,
219        systemd-cgls, systemd-cgtop, systemd-coredumpctl, systemd-delta,
220        systemd-detect-virt, systemd-inhibit, systemd-machine-id-setup,
221        systemd-notify, systemd-nspawn, systemd-run, systemd-stdio-bridge
222        (link to systemd-bus-proxyd), systemd-tmpfiles,
223        systemd-tty-ask-password-agent, telinit (link to systemctl),
224        timedatectl, udevadm</seg>
225        <seg>libnss_myhostname.so, libsystemd.so, libudev.so</seg>
226        <seg>/etc/binfmt.d, /etc/init.d, /etc/kernel, /etc/modules-load.d,
227        /etc/sysctl.d, /etc/systemd, /etc/tmpfiles.d, /etc/udev,
228        /etc/xdg/systemd, /lib/systemd, /lib/udev, /usr/include/systemd,
229        /usr/lib/binfmt.d, /usr/lib/kernel, /usr/lib/modules-load.d,
230        /usr/lib/sysctl.d, /usr/lib/systemd,
231        /usr/share/doc-systemd-&systemd-version;, /usr/share/systemd,
232        /usr/share/zsh, /var/lib/systemd</seg>
233      </seglistitem>
234    </segmentedlist>
235
236    <variablelist>
237      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
238      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
239      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
240
241      <varlistentry id="bootctl">
242        <term><command>bootctl</command></term>
243        <listitem>
244          <para>Controls the firmware and boot manager settings</para>
245          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd bootctl">
246            <primary sortas="b-bootctl">bootctl</primary>
247          </indexterm>
248        </listitem>
249      </varlistentry>
250
251      <varlistentry id="busctl">
252        <term><command>busctl</command></term>
253        <listitem>
254          <para>Introspects and monitors the D-Bus bus</para>
255          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd busctl">
256            <primary sortas="b-busctl">busctl</primary>
257          </indexterm>
258        </listitem>
259      </varlistentry>
260
261      <varlistentry id="halt">
262        <term><command>halt</command></term>
263        <listitem>
264          <para>Halts, powers off, or reboots the machine</para>
265          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd halt">
266            <primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary>
267          </indexterm>
268        </listitem>
269      </varlistentry>
270
271      <varlistentry id="hostnamectl">
272        <term><command>hostnamectl</command></term>
273        <listitem>
274          <para>Controls the system hostname</para>
275          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd hostnamectl">
276            <primary sortas="b-hostnamectl">hostnamectl</primary>
277          </indexterm>
278        </listitem>
279      </varlistentry>
280
281      <varlistentry id="init">
282        <term><command>init</command></term>
283        <listitem>
284          <para>systemd system and service manager</para>
285          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd init">
286            <primary sortas="b-init">init</primary>
287          </indexterm>
288        </listitem>
289      </varlistentry>
290
291      <varlistentry id="journalctl">
292        <term><command>journalctl</command></term>
293        <listitem>
294          <para>Queries the systemd journal</para>
295          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd journalctl">
296            <primary sortas="b-journalctl">journalctl</primary>
297          </indexterm>
298        </listitem>
299      </varlistentry>
300
301      <varlistentry id="kernel-install">
302        <term><command>kernel-install</command></term>
303        <listitem>
304          <para>Adds and removes kernel and initramfs images to and from
305          <filename class="directory">/boot</filename></para>
306          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd kernel-install">
307            <primary sortas="b-kernel-install">kernel-install</primary>
308          </indexterm>
309        </listitem>
310      </varlistentry>
311
312      <varlistentry id="localectl">
313        <term><command>localectl</command></term>
314        <listitem>
315          <para>Controls the system locale and keyboard layout settings</para>
316          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd localectl">
317            <primary sortas="b-localectl">localectl</primary>
318          </indexterm>
319        </listitem>
320      </varlistentry>
321
322      <varlistentry id="loginctl">
323        <term><command>loginctl</command></term>
324        <listitem>
325          <para>Controls the systemd login manager</para>
326          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd loginctl">
327            <primary sortas="b-loginctl">loginctl</primary>
328          </indexterm>
329        </listitem>
330      </varlistentry>
331
332      <varlistentry id="machinectl">
333        <term><command>machinectl</command></term>
334        <listitem>
335          <para>Controls the systemd machine manager</para>
336          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd machinectl">
337            <primary sortas="b-machinectl">machinectl</primary>
338          </indexterm>
339        </listitem>
340      </varlistentry>
341
342      <varlistentry id="poweroff">
343        <term><command>poweroff</command></term>
344        <listitem>
345          <para>Halts, powers off, or reboots the machine</para>
346          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd poweroff">
347            <primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary>
348          </indexterm>
349        </listitem>
350      </varlistentry>
351
352      <varlistentry id="reboot">
353        <term><command>reboot</command></term>
354        <listitem>
355          <para>Halts, powers off, or reboots the machine</para>
356          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd reboot">
357            <primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary>
358          </indexterm>
359        </listitem>
360      </varlistentry>
361
362      <varlistentry id="runlevel">
363        <term><command>runlevel</command></term>
364        <listitem>
365          <para>Prints previous and current SysV runlevel</para>
366          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd runlevel">
367            <primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary>
368          </indexterm>
369        </listitem>
370      </varlistentry>
371
372      <varlistentry id="shutdown">
373        <term><command>shutdown</command></term>
374        <listitem>
375          <para>Halts, powers off, or reboots the machine</para>
376          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd shutdown">
377            <primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary>
378          </indexterm>
379        </listitem>
380      </varlistentry>
381
382      <varlistentry id="systemctl">
383        <term><command>systemctl</command></term>
384        <listitem>
385          <para>Control the systemd system and service manager</para>
386          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemctl">
387            <primary sortas="b-systemctl">systemctl</primary>
388          </indexterm>
389        </listitem>
390      </varlistentry>
391
392      <varlistentry id="systemd">
393        <term><command>systemd</command></term>
394        <listitem>
395          <para>System and service manager for Linux</para>
396          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd">
397            <primary sortas="b-systemd">systemd</primary>
398          </indexterm>
399        </listitem>
400      </varlistentry>
401
402      <varlistentry id="systemd-analyze">
403        <term><command>systemd-analyze</command></term>
404        <listitem>
405          <para>Analyzes system boot-up permformance</para>
406          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-analyze">
407            <primary sortas="b-systemd-analyze">systemd-analyze</primary>
408          </indexterm>
409        </listitem>
410      </varlistentry>
411
412      <varlistentry id="systemd-ask-password">
413        <term><command>systemd-ask-password</command></term>
414        <listitem>
415          <para>Queries the user for a system passphrase, via the
416          TTY or an UI agent.</para>
417          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ask-password">
418            <primary sortas="b-systemd-ask-password">systemd-ask-password</primary>
419          </indexterm>
420        </listitem>
421      </varlistentry>
422
423      <varlistentry id="systemd-cat">
424        <term><command>systemd-cat</command></term>
425        <listitem>
426          <para>Connects a pipeline or program's output with the journal</para>
427          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cat">
428            <primary sortas="b-systemd-cat">systemd-cat</primary>
429          </indexterm>
430        </listitem>
431      </varlistentry>
432
433      <varlistentry id="systemd-cgls">
434        <term><command>systemd-cgls</command></term>
435        <listitem>
436          <para>Recursively shows control group contents</para>
437          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgls">
438            <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgls">systemd-cgls</primary>
439          </indexterm>
440        </listitem>
441      </varlistentry>
442
443      <varlistentry id="systemd-cgtop">
444        <term><command>systemd-cgtop</command></term>
445        <listitem>
446          <para>Shows top control groups by resource usage</para>
447          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgtop">
448            <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgtop">systemd-cgtop</primary>
449          </indexterm>
450        </listitem>
451      </varlistentry>
452
453      <varlistentry id="systemd-coredumpctl">
454        <term><command>systemd-coredumpctl</command></term>
455        <listitem>
456          <para>Retrieves coredumps from the journal</para>
457          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-coredumpctl">
458            <primary sortas="b-systemd-coredumpctl">systemd-coredumpctl</primary>
459          </indexterm>
460        </listitem>
461      </varlistentry>
462
463      <varlistentry id="systemd-delta">
464        <term><command>systemd-delta</command></term>
465        <listitem>
466          <para>Finds overridden configuration files</para>
467          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-delta">
468            <primary sortas="b-systemd-delta">systemd-delta</primary>
469          </indexterm>
470        </listitem>
471      </varlistentry>
472
473      <varlistentry id="systemd-detect-virt">
474        <term><command>systemd-detect-virt</command></term>
475        <listitem>
476          <para>Detects execution in a virtual environment</para>
477          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-detect-virt">
478            <primary sortas="b-systemd-detect-virt">systemd-detect-virt</primary>
479          </indexterm>
480        </listitem>
481      </varlistentry>
482
483      <varlistentry id="systemd-inhibit">
484        <term><command>systemd-inhibit</command></term>
485        <listitem>
486          <para>Executes a program with an inhibition lock taken</para>
487          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-inhibit">
488            <primary sortas="b-systemd-inhibit">systemd-inhibit</primary>
489          </indexterm>
490        </listitem>
491      </varlistentry>
492
493      <varlistentry id="systemd-machine-id-setup">
494        <term><command>systemd-machine-id-setup</command></term>
495        <listitem>
496          <para>Initializes the machine ID in
497          <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename></para>
498          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-machine-id-setup">
499            <primary sortas="b-systemd-machine-id-setup">systemd-machine-id-setup</primary>
500          </indexterm>
501        </listitem>
502      </varlistentry>
503
504      <varlistentry id="systemd-notify">
505        <term><command>systemd-notify</command></term>
506        <listitem>
507          <para>Notifies init system about start-up completion and other daemon
508          status changes</para>
509          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-notify">
510            <primary sortas="b-systemd-notify">systemd-notify</primary>
511          </indexterm>
512        </listitem>
513      </varlistentry>
514
515      <varlistentry id="systemd-nspawn">
516        <term><command>systemd-nspawn</command></term>
517        <listitem>
518          <para>Spawns a namespace container for debugging, testing, and
519          building</para>
520          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-nspawn">
521            <primary sortas="b-systemd-nspawn">systemd-nspawn</primary>
522          </indexterm>
523        </listitem>
524      </varlistentry>
525
526      <varlistentry id="systemd-run">
527        <term><command>systemd-run</command></term>
528        <listitem>
529          <para>Runs programs in transient scope or service units</para>
530          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-run">
531            <primary sortas="b-systemd-run">systemd-run</primary>
532          </indexterm>
533        </listitem>
534      </varlistentry>
535
536      <varlistentry id="systemd-stdio-bridge">
537        <term><command>systemd-stdio-bridge</command></term>
538        <listitem>
539          <para>Connects stdio or a socket to a given bus address</para>
540          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-stdio-bridge">
541            <primary sortas="b-systemd-stdio-bridge">systemd-stdio-bridge</primary>
542          </indexterm>
543        </listitem>
544      </varlistentry>
545
546      <varlistentry id="systemd-tmpfiles">
547        <term><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command></term>
548        <listitem>
549          <para>Creates, deletes, and cleans up volatile and temporary files</para>
550          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tmpfiles">
551            <primary sortas="b-systemd-tmpfiles">systemd-tmpfiles</primary>
552          </indexterm>
553        </listitem>
554      </varlistentry>
555
556      <varlistentry id="systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
557        <term><command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</command></term>
558        <listitem>
559          <para>Process system password requests</para>
560          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
561            <primary sortas="b-systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</primary>
562          </indexterm>
563        </listitem>
564      </varlistentry>
565
566      <varlistentry id="telinit">
567        <term><command>telinit</command></term>
568        <listitem>
569          <para>Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change to</para>
570          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd telinit">
571            <primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary>
572          </indexterm>
573        </listitem>
574      </varlistentry>
575
576      <varlistentry id="timedatectl">
577        <term><command>timedatectl</command></term>
578        <listitem>
579          <para>Controls the system time and date</para>
580          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd timedatectl">
581            <primary sortas="b-timedatectl">timedatectl</primary>
582          </indexterm>
583        </listitem>
584      </varlistentry>
585
586      <varlistentry id="udevadm">
587        <term><command>udevadm</command></term>
588        <listitem>
589          <para>Udev management tool</para>
590          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd udevadm">
591            <primary sortas="b-udevadm">udevadm</primary>
592          </indexterm>
593        </listitem>
594      </varlistentry>
595
596      <varlistentry id="libnss_myhostname">
597        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss_myhostname</filename></term>
598        <listitem>
599          <para>Plugin for the GNU Name Service Switch (NSS) functionality
600          of Glibc, provding hostname resolution for the locally configured
601          system hostname</para>
602          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libnss_myhostname">
603            <primary sortas="c-libnss_myhostname">libnss_myhostname</primary>
604          </indexterm>
605        </listitem>
606      </varlistentry>
607
608      <varlistentry id="libsystemd">
609        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd</filename></term>
610        <listitem>
611          <para>Support library for systemd</para>
612          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libsystemd">
613            <primary sortas="c-libsystemd">libsystemd</primary>
614          </indexterm>
615        </listitem>
616      </varlistentry>
617
618      <varlistentry id="libudev">
619        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libudev</filename></term>
620        <listitem>
621          <para>A library interface to Udev device information.</para>
622          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libudev">
623            <primary sortas="c-libudev">libudev</primary>
624          </indexterm>
625        </listitem>
626      </varlistentry>
627
628    </variablelist>
629
630  </sect2>
631
632</sect1>
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