source: BOOK/final-system/common/systemd.xml @ edbe771

clfs-3.0.0-systemdsystemd
Last change on this file since edbe771 was edbe771, checked in by Chris Staub <chris@…>, 10 years ago

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5  %general-entities;
6]>
7<sect1 id="ch-system-systemd" role="wrap">
8  <?dbhtml filename="systemd.html"?>
9
10  <title>Systemd-&systemd-version;</title>
11
12  <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd">
13    <primary sortas="a-systemd">Systemd</primary>
14  </indexterm>
15
16  <sect2 role="package">
17    <title/>
18
19    <para>The systemd package is a system and service manager for Linux
20    operating systems.</para>
21
22  </sect2>
23
24  <sect2 role="installation">
25    <title>Installation of Systemd</title>
26
27    <para os="p1">Systemd 209 merged several libraries into
28    <filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd</filename>, but some packages
29    that use systemd still expect those separate libraries. Apply a patch
30    to allow backwards compatibility with these packages by
31    installing Pkg-config files for the old libraries:</para>
32
33<screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&systemd-compat-patch;</userinput></screen>
34
35    <para os="s1">Prevent the <filename>Makefile</filename> from trying to run
36    <command>setcap</command> on <command>systemd-detect-virt</command>,
37    which will fail if the kernel or file system does not support extended
38    capabilities:</para>
39
40<screen os="s2"><userinput>sed -i '/virt-install-hook /d' Makefile.in</userinput></screen>
41
42    <para os="s3">The <filename>timesyncd.conf</filename> file contains a
43    reference to a non-existent <filename>timesyncd.conf(5)</filename> man
44    page. Remove that reference to avoid possible confusion:</para>
45
46<screen os="s4"><userinput>sed -i '/timesyncd.conf/d' src/timesync/timesyncd.conf.in</userinput></screen>
47
48    <para os="s5">By default, <command>systemd-fsck</command> will run
49    <filename>/sbin/fsck</filename> with the <option>-l</option> option, which
50    applies an <function>flock</function> on the file system being checked.
51    This can conflict with an <function>flock</function> that
52    systemd itself puts on the file system, which could result in problems
53    booting. <command>fsck</command> will be fixed to avoid this problem in a
54    future release of Util-linux, but for now we will work around the issue by
55    simply preventing <command>systemd-fsck</command> from using <option>-l</option>:</para>
56
57<screen os="s6"><userinput>sed -i '/-l/d' src/fsck/fsck.c</userinput></screen>
58
59    <para os="a">Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
60
61<screen os="b"><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr \
62    --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var \
63    --libexecdir=/usr/lib --docdir=/usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version; \
64    --with-rootprefix="" --with-rootlibdir=/lib \
65    --enable-split-usr --disable-gudev --with-kbd-loadkeys=/bin/loadkeys \
66    --with-kbd-setfont=/bin/setfont --with-dbuspolicydir=/etc/dbus-1/system.d \
67    --with-dbusinterfacedir=/usr/share/dbus-1/interfaces \
68    --with-dbussessionservicedir=/usr/share/dbus-1/services \
69    --with-dbussystemservicedir=/usr/share/dbus-1/system-services</userinput></screen>
70
71    <variablelist os="c">
72      <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
73
74      <varlistentry>
75        <term><parameter>--with-root*</parameter></term>
76        <listitem>
77          <para>These switches ensure that core programs and
78          shared libraries are installed in the subdirectories
79          of the root partition.</para>
80        </listitem>
81      </varlistentry>
82
83      <varlistentry>
84        <term><parameter>--enable-split-usr</parameter></term>
85        <listitem>
86          <para>This switch ensures that systemd will work on
87          systems where /bin, /lib and /sbin directories are not
88          symlinks to their /usr counterparts.</para>
89        </listitem>
90      </varlistentry>
91
92      <varlistentry>
93        <term><parameter>--disable-gudev</parameter></term>
94        <listitem>
95          <para>This switch prevents systemd from building
96          <filename class="libraryfile">libgudev</filename> as it requires
97          Glib, which is not installed in CLFS.</para>
98        </listitem>
99      </varlistentry>
100
101      <varlistentry>
102        <term><parameter>--with-dbus*</parameter></term>
103        <listitem>
104          <para>These switches ensure that D-Bus configuration files get
105          installed to the correct locations.</para>
106        </listitem>
107      </varlistentry>
108    </variablelist>
109
110    <para os="d">Compile the package:</para>
111
112<screen os="e"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
113
114    <para os="f">Prevent a broken test case from running:</para>
115
116<screen os="g"><userinput remap="test">sed -e "s:test/udev-test.pl::g" \
117    -e "s:test-bus-cleanup\$(EXEEXT) ::g" \
118    -e "s:test-bus-gvariant\$(EXEEXT) ::g" \
119    -i Makefile</userinput></screen>
120
121    <para os="h">To test the results, issue:</para>
122
123<screen os="i"><userinput remap="test">make check</userinput></screen>
124
125    <para os="j">Install the package:</para>
126
127<screen os="k"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
128
129    <para os="l">Install documentation files that are not installed by default:</para>
130
131<screen os="m"><userinput>install -v -m644 man/*.html /usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version;</userinput></screen>
132
133    <para os="n">Move the
134    <filename class="libraryfile">nss_myhostname</filename> library to
135    <filename class="directory">/lib</filename>:</para>
136
137<screen os="o"><userinput>mv -v /usr/lib/libnss_myhostname.so.2 /lib</userinput></screen>
138
139    <para os="p">Remove an unnecessary directory:</para>
140
141<screen os="q"><userinput>rm -rfv /usr/lib/rpm</userinput></screen>
142
143    <para os="r">Create symlinks for backwards-compatibility with Sysvinit:</para>
144
145<screen os="s"><userinput>for tool in runlevel reboot shutdown poweroff halt telinit; do
146  ln -sfv ../bin/systemctl /sbin/$tool
147done
148ln -sfv ../lib/systemd/systemd /sbin/init</userinput></screen>
149
150    <para os="t">Modify a configuration file which references a group that
151    doesn't exist:</para>
152
153<screen os="u"><userinput>sed -i "s@root lock@root root@g" /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/legacy.conf</userinput></screen>
154
155  </sect2>
156
157  <sect2 id="conf-systemd" role="configuration">
158    <title>Configuring Systemd</title>
159
160    <indexterm zone="conf-systemd">
161      <primary sortas="a-systemd">systemd</primary>
162    <secondary>configuring</secondary></indexterm>
163
164    <indexterm zone="conf-systemd">
165      <primary sortas="e-/etc/os-release">/etc/os-release</primary>
166    </indexterm>
167
168    <para>Create <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> which is needed
169    by Journald:</para>
170
171<screen><userinput>systemd-machine-id-setup</userinput></screen>
172
173    <para>Create a file to identify the operating system.
174    <command>systemd</command> will use this file on boot to put information
175    on the screen.</para>
176
177<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/os-release &lt;&lt; "EOF"
178# Begin /etc/os-release
179
180NAME=Cross-LFS
181ID=clfs
182
183PRETTY_NAME=Cross Linux From Scratch
184ANSI_COLOR=0;33
185
186VERSION=&version;
187VERSION_ID=&versionid;
188
189# End /etc/os-release
190EOF</userinput></screen>
191
192  </sect2>
193
194  <sect2 id="contents-systemd" role="content">
195    <title>Contents of Systemd</title>
196
197    <segmentedlist>
198      <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
199      <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
200      <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
201
202      <seglistitem>
203        <seg>bootctl, busctl, halt (link to systemctl), hostnamectl,
204        init (link to systemd), journalctl, kernel-install, localectl, loginctl,
205        machinectl, poweroff (link to systemctl), reboot (link to systemctl),
206        runlevel (link to systemctl), shutdown (link to systemctl),
207        systemctl, systemd, system-analyze, systemd-ask-password, systemd-cat,
208        systemd-cgls, systemd-cgtop, systemd-coredumpctl, systemd-delta,
209        systemd-detect-virt, systemd-inhibit, systemd-machine-id-setup,
210        systemd-notify, systemd-nspawn, systemd-run, systemd-stdio-bridge
211        (link to systemd-bus-proxyd), systemd-tmpfiles,
212        systemd-tty-ask-password-agent, telinit (link to systemctl),
213        timedatectl, udevadm</seg>
214        <seg>libnss_myhostname.so, libsystemd.so, libudev.so</seg>
215        <seg>/etc/binfmt.d, /etc/init.d, /etc/kernel, /etc/modules-load.d,
216        /etc/sysctl.d, /etc/systemd, /etc/tmpfiles.d, /etc/udev,
217        /etc/xdg/systemd, /lib/systemd, /lib/udev, /usr/include/systemd,
218        /usr/lib/binfmt.d, /usr/lib/kernel, /usr/lib/modules-load.d,
219        /usr/lib/sysctl.d, /usr/lib/systemd,
220        /usr/share/doc-systemd-&systemd-version;, /usr/share/systemd,
221        /usr/share/zsh, /var/lib/systemd</seg>
222      </seglistitem>
223    </segmentedlist>
224
225    <variablelist>
226      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
227      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
228      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
229
230      <varlistentry id="bootctl">
231        <term><command>bootctl</command></term>
232        <listitem>
233          <para>Controls the firmware and boot manager settings</para>
234          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd bootctl">
235            <primary sortas="b-bootctl">bootctl</primary>
236          </indexterm>
237        </listitem>
238      </varlistentry>
239
240      <varlistentry id="busctl">
241        <term><command>busctl</command></term>
242        <listitem>
243          <para>Introspects and monitors the D-Bus bus</para>
244          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd busctl">
245            <primary sortas="b-busctl">busctl</primary>
246          </indexterm>
247        </listitem>
248      </varlistentry>
249
250      <varlistentry id="halt">
251        <term><command>halt</command></term>
252        <listitem>
253          <para>Halts, powers off, or reboots the machine</para>
254          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd halt">
255            <primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary>
256          </indexterm>
257        </listitem>
258      </varlistentry>
259
260      <varlistentry id="hostnamectl">
261        <term><command>hostnamectl</command></term>
262        <listitem>
263          <para>Controls the system hostname</para>
264          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd hostnamectl">
265            <primary sortas="b-hostnamectl">hostnamectl</primary>
266          </indexterm>
267        </listitem>
268      </varlistentry>
269
270      <varlistentry id="init">
271        <term><command>init</command></term>
272        <listitem>
273          <para>systemd system and service manager</para>
274          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd init">
275            <primary sortas="b-init">init</primary>
276          </indexterm>
277        </listitem>
278      </varlistentry>
279
280      <varlistentry id="journalctl">
281        <term><command>journalctl</command></term>
282        <listitem>
283          <para>Queries the systemd journal</para>
284          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd journalctl">
285            <primary sortas="b-journalctl">journalctl</primary>
286          </indexterm>
287        </listitem>
288      </varlistentry>
289
290      <varlistentry id="kernel-install">
291        <term><command>kernel-install</command></term>
292        <listitem>
293          <para>Adds and removes kernel and initramfs images to and from
294          <filename class="directory">/boot</filename></para>
295          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd kernel-install">
296            <primary sortas="b-kernel-install">kernel-install</primary>
297          </indexterm>
298        </listitem>
299      </varlistentry>
300
301      <varlistentry id="localectl">
302        <term><command>localectl</command></term>
303        <listitem>
304          <para>Controls the system locale and keyboard layout settings</para>
305          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd localectl">
306            <primary sortas="b-localectl">localectl</primary>
307          </indexterm>
308        </listitem>
309      </varlistentry>
310
311      <varlistentry id="loginctl">
312        <term><command>loginctl</command></term>
313        <listitem>
314          <para>Controls the systemd login manager</para>
315          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd loginctl">
316            <primary sortas="b-loginctl">loginctl</primary>
317          </indexterm>
318        </listitem>
319      </varlistentry>
320
321      <varlistentry id="machinectl">
322        <term><command>machinectl</command></term>
323        <listitem>
324          <para>Controls the systemd machine manager</para>
325          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd machinectl">
326            <primary sortas="b-machinectl">machinectl</primary>
327          </indexterm>
328        </listitem>
329      </varlistentry>
330
331      <varlistentry id="poweroff">
332        <term><command>poweroff</command></term>
333        <listitem>
334          <para>Halts, powers off, or reboots the machine</para>
335          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd poweroff">
336            <primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary>
337          </indexterm>
338        </listitem>
339      </varlistentry>
340
341      <varlistentry id="reboot">
342        <term><command>reboot</command></term>
343        <listitem>
344          <para>Halts, powers off, or reboots the machine</para>
345          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd reboot">
346            <primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary>
347          </indexterm>
348        </listitem>
349      </varlistentry>
350
351      <varlistentry id="runlevel">
352        <term><command>runlevel</command></term>
353        <listitem>
354          <para>Prints previous and current SysV runlevel</para>
355          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd runlevel">
356            <primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary>
357          </indexterm>
358        </listitem>
359      </varlistentry>
360
361      <varlistentry id="shutdown">
362        <term><command>shutdown</command></term>
363        <listitem>
364          <para>Halts, powers off, or reboots the machine</para>
365          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd shutdown">
366            <primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary>
367          </indexterm>
368        </listitem>
369      </varlistentry>
370
371      <varlistentry id="systemctl">
372        <term><command>systemctl</command></term>
373        <listitem>
374          <para>Control the systemd system and service manager</para>
375          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemctl">
376            <primary sortas="b-systemctl">systemctl</primary>
377          </indexterm>
378        </listitem>
379      </varlistentry>
380
381      <varlistentry id="systemd">
382        <term><command>systemd</command></term>
383        <listitem>
384          <para>System and service manager for Linux</para>
385          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd">
386            <primary sortas="b-systemd">systemd</primary>
387          </indexterm>
388        </listitem>
389      </varlistentry>
390
391      <varlistentry id="systemd-analyze">
392        <term><command>systemd-analyze</command></term>
393        <listitem>
394          <para>Analyzes system boot-up permformance</para>
395          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-analyze">
396            <primary sortas="b-systemd-analyze">systemd-analyze</primary>
397          </indexterm>
398        </listitem>
399      </varlistentry>
400
401      <varlistentry id="systemd-ask-password">
402        <term><command>systemd-ask-password</command></term>
403        <listitem>
404          <para>Queries the user for a system passphrase, via the
405          TTY or an UI agent.</para>
406          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ask-password">
407            <primary sortas="b-systemd-ask-password">systemd-ask-password</primary>
408          </indexterm>
409        </listitem>
410      </varlistentry>
411
412      <varlistentry id="systemd-cat">
413        <term><command>systemd-cat</command></term>
414        <listitem>
415          <para>Connects a pipeline or program's output with the journal</para>
416          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cat">
417            <primary sortas="b-systemd-cat">systemd-cat</primary>
418          </indexterm>
419        </listitem>
420      </varlistentry>
421
422      <varlistentry id="systemd-cgls">
423        <term><command>systemd-cgls</command></term>
424        <listitem>
425          <para>Recursively shows control group contents</para>
426          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgls">
427            <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgls">systemd-cgls</primary>
428          </indexterm>
429        </listitem>
430      </varlistentry>
431
432      <varlistentry id="systemd-cgtop">
433        <term><command>systemd-cgtop</command></term>
434        <listitem>
435          <para>Shows top control groups by resource usage</para>
436          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgtop">
437            <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgtop">systemd-cgtop</primary>
438          </indexterm>
439        </listitem>
440      </varlistentry>
441
442      <varlistentry id="systemd-coredumpctl">
443        <term><command>systemd-coredumpctl</command></term>
444        <listitem>
445          <para>Retrieves coredumps from the journal</para>
446          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-coredumpctl">
447            <primary sortas="b-systemd-coredumpctl">systemd-coredumpctl</primary>
448          </indexterm>
449        </listitem>
450      </varlistentry>
451
452      <varlistentry id="systemd-delta">
453        <term><command>systemd-delta</command></term>
454        <listitem>
455          <para>Finds overridden configuration files</para>
456          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-delta">
457            <primary sortas="b-systemd-delta">systemd-delta</primary>
458          </indexterm>
459        </listitem>
460      </varlistentry>
461
462      <varlistentry id="systemd-detect-virt">
463        <term><command>systemd-detect-virt</command></term>
464        <listitem>
465          <para>Detects execution in a virtual environment</para>
466          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-detect-virt">
467            <primary sortas="b-systemd-detect-virt">systemd-detect-virt</primary>
468          </indexterm>
469        </listitem>
470      </varlistentry>
471
472      <varlistentry id="systemd-inhibit">
473        <term><command>systemd-inhibit</command></term>
474        <listitem>
475          <para>Executes a program with an inhibition lock taken</para>
476          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-inhibit">
477            <primary sortas="b-systemd-inhibit">systemd-inhibit</primary>
478          </indexterm>
479        </listitem>
480      </varlistentry>
481
482      <varlistentry id="systemd-machine-id-setup">
483        <term><command>systemd-machine-id-setup</command></term>
484        <listitem>
485          <para>Initializes the machine ID in
486          <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename></para>
487          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-machine-id-setup">
488            <primary sortas="b-systemd-machine-id-setup">systemd-machine-id-setup</primary>
489          </indexterm>
490        </listitem>
491      </varlistentry>
492
493      <varlistentry id="systemd-notify">
494        <term><command>systemd-notify</command></term>
495        <listitem>
496          <para>Notifies init system about start-up completion and other daemon
497          status changes</para>
498          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-notify">
499            <primary sortas="b-systemd-notify">systemd-notify</primary>
500          </indexterm>
501        </listitem>
502      </varlistentry>
503
504      <varlistentry id="systemd-nspawn">
505        <term><command>systemd-nspawn</command></term>
506        <listitem>
507          <para>Spawns a namespace container for debugging, testing, and
508          building</para>
509          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-nspawn">
510            <primary sortas="b-systemd-nspawn">systemd-nspawn</primary>
511          </indexterm>
512        </listitem>
513      </varlistentry>
514
515      <varlistentry id="systemd-run">
516        <term><command>systemd-run</command></term>
517        <listitem>
518          <para>Runs programs in transient scope or service units</para>
519          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-run">
520            <primary sortas="b-systemd-run">systemd-run</primary>
521          </indexterm>
522        </listitem>
523      </varlistentry>
524
525      <varlistentry id="systemd-stdio-bridge">
526        <term><command>systemd-stdio-bridge</command></term>
527        <listitem>
528          <para>Connects stdio or a socket to a given bus address</para>
529          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-stdio-bridge">
530            <primary sortas="b-systemd-stdio-bridge">systemd-stdio-bridge</primary>
531          </indexterm>
532        </listitem>
533      </varlistentry>
534
535      <varlistentry id="systemd-tmpfiles">
536        <term><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command></term>
537        <listitem>
538          <para>Creates, deletes, and cleans up volatile and temporary files</para>
539          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tmpfiles">
540            <primary sortas="b-systemd-tmpfiles">systemd-tmpfiles</primary>
541          </indexterm>
542        </listitem>
543      </varlistentry>
544
545      <varlistentry id="systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
546        <term><command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</command></term>
547        <listitem>
548          <para>Process system password requests</para>
549          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
550            <primary sortas="b-systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</primary>
551          </indexterm>
552        </listitem>
553      </varlistentry>
554
555      <varlistentry id="telinit">
556        <term><command>telinit</command></term>
557        <listitem>
558          <para>Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change to</para>
559          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd telinit">
560            <primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary>
561          </indexterm>
562        </listitem>
563      </varlistentry>
564
565      <varlistentry id="timedatectl">
566        <term><command>timedatectl</command></term>
567        <listitem>
568          <para>Controls the system time and date</para>
569          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd timedatectl">
570            <primary sortas="b-timedatectl">timedatectl</primary>
571          </indexterm>
572        </listitem>
573      </varlistentry>
574
575      <varlistentry id="udevadm">
576        <term><command>udevadm</command></term>
577        <listitem>
578          <para>Udev management tool</para>
579          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd udevadm">
580            <primary sortas="b-udevadm">udevadm</primary>
581          </indexterm>
582        </listitem>
583      </varlistentry>
584
585      <varlistentry id="libnss_myhostname">
586        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss_myhostname</filename></term>
587        <listitem>
588          <para>Plugin for the GNU Name Service Switch (NSS) functionality
589          of Glibc, provding hostname resolution for the locally configured
590          system hostname</para>
591          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libnss_myhostname">
592            <primary sortas="c-libnss_myhostname">libnss_myhostname</primary>
593          </indexterm>
594        </listitem>
595      </varlistentry>
596
597      <varlistentry id="libsystemd">
598        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd</filename></term>
599        <listitem>
600          <para>Support library for systemd</para>
601          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libsystemd">
602            <primary sortas="c-libsystemd">libsystemd</primary>
603          </indexterm>
604        </listitem>
605      </varlistentry>
606
607      <varlistentry id="libudev">
608        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libudev</filename></term>
609        <listitem>
610          <para>A library interface to Udev device information.</para>
611          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libudev">
612            <primary sortas="c-libudev">libudev</primary>
613          </indexterm>
614        </listitem>
615      </varlistentry>
616
617    </variablelist>
618
619  </sect2>
620
621</sect1>
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