| 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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| 7 | <sect1 id="ch-system-systemd" role="wrap">
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| 8 | <?dbhtml filename="systemd.html"?>
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| 9 |
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| 10 | <title>Systemd-&systemd-version;</title>
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| 11 |
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| 12 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd">
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| 13 | <primary sortas="a-systemd">Systemd</primary>
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| 14 | </indexterm>
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| 15 |
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| 16 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 17 | <title/>
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| 18 |
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| 19 | <para>The systemd package is a system and service manager for Linux
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| 20 | operating systems.</para>
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| 21 |
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| 22 | </sect2>
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| 23 |
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| 24 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 25 | <title>Installation of Systemd</title>
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| 26 |
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| 27 | <para os="p1">Systemd 211 merged several libraries into
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| 28 | <filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd</filename>, but some packages
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| 29 | that use systemd still expect those separate libraries. Apply a patch
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| 30 | to allow backwards compatibility with these packages by
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| 31 | installing Pkg-config files for the old libraries:</para>
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| 32 |
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| 33 | <screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&systemd-compat-patch;</userinput></screen>
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| 34 |
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| 35 | <para os="s1">The <filename>timesyncd.conf</filename> file contains a
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| 36 | reference to a non-existent <filename>timesyncd.conf(5)</filename> man
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| 37 | page. Remove that reference to avoid possible confusion:</para>
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| 38 |
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| 39 | <screen os="s2"><userinput>sed -i '/timesyncd.conf/d' src/timesync/timesyncd.conf.in</userinput></screen>
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| 40 |
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| 41 | <para os="a">Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
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| 42 |
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| 43 | <screen os="b"><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr \
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| 44 | --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var \
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| 45 | --libexecdir=/usr/lib --docdir=/usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version; \
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| 46 | --with-rootprefix="" --with-rootlibdir=/lib \
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| 47 | --enable-split-usr --disable-gudev --with-kbd-loadkeys=/bin/loadkeys \
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| 48 | --with-kbd-setfont=/bin/setfont --with-dbuspolicydir=/etc/dbus-1/system.d \
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| 49 | --with-dbusinterfacedir=/usr/share/dbus-1/interfaces \
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| 50 | --with-dbussessionservicedir=/usr/share/dbus-1/services \
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| 51 | --with-dbussystemservicedir=/usr/share/dbus-1/system-services</userinput></screen>
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| 52 |
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| 53 | <variablelist os="c">
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| 54 | <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
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| 55 |
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| 56 | <varlistentry>
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| 57 | <term><parameter>--with-root*</parameter></term>
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| 58 | <listitem>
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| 59 | <para>These switches ensure that core programs and
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| 60 | shared libraries are installed in the subdirectories
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| 61 | of the root partition.</para>
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| 62 | </listitem>
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| 63 | </varlistentry>
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| 64 |
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| 65 | <varlistentry>
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| 66 | <term><parameter>--enable-split-usr</parameter></term>
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| 67 | <listitem>
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| 68 | <para>This switch ensures that systemd will work on
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| 69 | systems where /bin, /lib and /sbin directories are not
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| 70 | symlinks to their /usr counterparts.</para>
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| 71 | </listitem>
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| 72 | </varlistentry>
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| 73 |
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| 74 | <varlistentry>
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| 75 | <term><parameter>--disable-gudev</parameter></term>
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| 76 | <listitem>
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| 77 | <para>This switch prevents systemd from building
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| 78 | <filename class="libraryfile">libgudev</filename> as it requires
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| 79 | Glib, which is not installed in CLFS.</para>
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| 80 | </listitem>
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| 81 | </varlistentry>
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| 82 |
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| 83 | <varlistentry>
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| 84 | <term><parameter>--with-dbus*</parameter></term>
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| 85 | <listitem>
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| 86 | <para>These switches ensure that D-Bus configuration files get
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| 87 | installed to the correct locations.</para>
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| 88 | </listitem>
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| 89 | </varlistentry>
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| 90 | </variablelist>
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| 91 |
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| 92 | <para os="d">Compile the package:</para>
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| 93 |
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| 94 | <screen os="e"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
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| 95 |
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| 96 | <para os="f">Prevent a broken test case from running:</para>
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| 97 |
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| 98 | <screen os="g"><userinput remap="test">sed -e "s:test/udev-test.pl::g" \
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| 99 | -e "s:test-bus-cleanup\$(EXEEXT) ::g" \
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| 100 | -e "s:test-bus-gvariant\$(EXEEXT) ::g" \
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| 101 | -i Makefile</userinput></screen>
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| 102 |
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| 103 | <para os="h">To test the results, issue:</para>
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| 104 |
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| 105 | <screen os="i"><userinput remap="test">make check</userinput></screen>
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| 106 |
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| 107 | <para os="j">Install the package:</para>
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| 108 |
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| 109 | <screen os="k"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
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| 110 |
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| 111 | <para os="l">Install documentation files that are not installed by default:</para>
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| 112 |
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| 113 | <screen os="m"><userinput>install -v -m644 man/*.html /usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version;</userinput></screen>
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| 114 |
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| 115 | <para os="n">Move NSS myhostname library to <filename class="directory">/lib
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| 116 | </filename>:</para>
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| 117 |
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| 118 | <screen os="o"><userinput>mv -v /usr/lib/libnss_myhostname.so.2 /lib</userinput></screen>
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| 119 |
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| 120 | <para os="p">Remove an unnecessary directory:</para>
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| 121 |
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| 122 | <screen os="q"><userinput>rm -rfv /usr/lib/rpm</userinput></screen>
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| 123 |
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| 124 | <para os="r">Create symlinks for backwards-compatibility with Sysvinit:</para>
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| 125 |
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| 126 | <screen os="s"><userinput>for tool in runlevel reboot shutdown poweroff halt telinit; do
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| 127 | ln -sfv ../bin/systemctl /sbin/$tool
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| 128 | done
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| 129 | ln -sfv ../lib/systemd/systemd /sbin/init</userinput></screen>
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| 130 |
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| 131 | <para os="t">Modify a configuration file which references a group that
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| 132 | doesn't exist:</para>
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| 133 |
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| 134 | <screen os="u"><userinput>sed -i "s@root lock@root root@g" /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/legacy.conf</userinput></screen>
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| 135 |
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| 136 | </sect2>
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| 137 |
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| 138 | <sect2 id="conf-systemd" role="configuration">
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| 139 | <title>Configuring Systemd</title>
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| 140 |
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| 141 | <indexterm zone="conf-systemd">
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| 142 | <primary sortas="a-systemd">systemd</primary>
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| 143 | <secondary>configuring</secondary></indexterm>
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| 144 |
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| 145 | <indexterm zone="conf-systemd">
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| 146 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/os-release">/etc/os-release</primary>
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| 147 | </indexterm>
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| 148 |
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| 149 | <para>Create <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> which is needed
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| 150 | by Journald:</para>
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| 151 |
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| 152 | <screen><userinput>systemd-machine-id-setup</userinput></screen>
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| 153 |
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| 154 | <para>Create a file to identify the operating system.
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| 155 | <command>systemd</command> will use this file on boot to put information
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| 156 | on the screen.</para>
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| 157 |
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| 158 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/os-release << "EOF"
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| 159 | # Begin /etc/os-release
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| 160 |
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| 161 | NAME=Cross-LFS
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| 162 | ID=clfs
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| 163 |
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| 164 | PRETTY_NAME=Cross Linux From Scratch
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| 165 | ANSI_COLOR=0;33
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| 166 |
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| 167 | VERSION=&version;
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| 168 | VERSION_ID=&versionid;
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| 169 |
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| 170 | # End /etc/os-release
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| 171 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 172 |
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| 173 | </sect2>
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| 174 |
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| 175 | <sect2 id="contents-systemd" role="content">
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| 176 | <title>Contents of Systemd</title>
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| 177 |
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| 178 | <segmentedlist>
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| 179 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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| 180 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
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| 181 | <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
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| 182 |
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| 183 | <seglistitem>
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| 184 | <seg>bootctl, busctl, halt (link to systemctl), hostnamectl,
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| 185 | init (link to systemd), journalctl, kernel-install, localectl, loginctl,
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| 186 | machinectl, poweroff (link to systemctl), reboot (link to systemctl),
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| 187 | runlevel (link to systemctl), shutdown (link to systemctl),
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| 188 | systemctl, system-analyze, systemd-ask-password, systemd-cat,
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| 189 | systemd-cgls, systemd-cgtop, systemd-coredumpctl, systemd-delta,
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| 190 | systemd-detect-virt, systemd-inhibit, systemd-machine-id-setup,
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| 191 | systemd-notify, systemd-nspawn, systemd-run, systemd-stdio-bridge
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| 192 | (link to systemd-bus-proxyd), systemd-tmpfiles,
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| 193 | systemd-tty-ask-password-agent, telinit (link to systemctl),
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| 194 | timedatectl, udevadm</seg>
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| 195 | <seg>libnss_myhostname.so, libsystemd.so, libudev.so</seg>
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| 196 | <seg>/etc/binfmt.d, /etc/init.d, /etc/kernel, /etc/modules-load.d,
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| 197 | /etc/sysctl.d, /etc/systemd, /etc/tmpfiles.d, /etc/udev,
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| 198 | /etc/xdg/systemd, /lib/systemd, /lib/udev, /usr/include/systemd,
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| 199 | /usr/lib/binfmt.d, /usr/lib/kernel, /usr/lib/modules-load.d,
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| 200 | /usr/lib/sysctl.d, /usr/lib/systemd,
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| 201 | /usr/share/doc-systemd-&systemd-version;, /usr/share/systemd,
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| 202 | /usr/share/zsh, /var/lib/systemd</seg>
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| 203 | </seglistitem>
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| 204 | </segmentedlist>
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| 205 |
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| 206 | <variablelist>
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| 207 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 208 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 209 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 210 |
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| 211 | <varlistentry id="bootctl">
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| 212 | <term><command>bootctl</command></term>
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| 213 | <listitem>
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| 214 | <para>Controls the firmware and boot manager settings</para>
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| 215 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd bootctl">
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| 216 | <primary sortas="b-bootctl">bootctl</primary>
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| 217 | </indexterm>
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| 218 | </listitem>
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| 219 | </varlistentry>
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| 220 |
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| 221 | <varlistentry id="busctl">
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| 222 | <term><command>busctl</command></term>
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| 223 | <listitem>
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| 224 | <para>Introspects and monitors the D-Bus bus</para>
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| 225 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd busctl">
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| 226 | <primary sortas="b-busctl">busctl</primary>
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| 227 | </indexterm>
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| 228 | </listitem>
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| 229 | </varlistentry>
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| 230 |
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| 231 | <varlistentry id="halt">
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| 232 | <term><command>halt</command></term>
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| 233 | <listitem>
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| 234 | <para>Halts, powers off, or reboots the machine</para>
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| 235 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd halt">
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| 236 | <primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary>
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| 237 | </indexterm>
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| 238 | </listitem>
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| 239 | </varlistentry>
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| 240 |
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| 241 | <varlistentry id="hostnamectl">
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| 242 | <term><command>hostnamectl</command></term>
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| 243 | <listitem>
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| 244 | <para>Controls the system hostname</para>
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| 245 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd hostnamectl">
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| 246 | <primary sortas="b-hostnamectl">hostnamectl</primary>
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| 247 | </indexterm>
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| 248 | </listitem>
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| 249 | </varlistentry>
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| 250 |
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| 251 | <varlistentry id="init">
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| 252 | <term><command>init</command></term>
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| 253 | <listitem>
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| 254 | <para>systemd system and service manager</para>
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| 255 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd init">
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| 256 | <primary sortas="b-init">init</primary>
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| 257 | </indexterm>
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| 258 | </listitem>
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| 259 | </varlistentry>
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| 260 |
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| 261 | <varlistentry id="journalctl">
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| 262 | <term><command>journalctl</command></term>
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| 263 | <listitem>
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| 264 | <para>Queries the systemd journal</para>
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| 265 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd journalctl">
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| 266 | <primary sortas="b-journalctl">journalctl</primary>
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| 267 | </indexterm>
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| 268 | </listitem>
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| 269 | </varlistentry>
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| 270 |
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| 271 | <varlistentry id="kernel-install">
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| 272 | <term><command>kernel-install</command></term>
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| 273 | <listitem>
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| 274 | <para>Adds and removes kernel and initramfs images to and from
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| 275 | <filename class="directory">/boot</filename></para>
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| 276 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd kernel-install">
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| 277 | <primary sortas="b-kernel-install">kernel-install</primary>
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| 278 | </indexterm>
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| 279 | </listitem>
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| 280 | </varlistentry>
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| 281 |
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| 282 | <varlistentry id="localectl">
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| 283 | <term><command>localectl</command></term>
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| 284 | <listitem>
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| 285 | <para>Controls the system locale and keyboard layout settings</para>
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| 286 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd localectl">
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| 287 | <primary sortas="b-localectl">localectl</primary>
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| 288 | </indexterm>
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| 289 | </listitem>
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| 290 | </varlistentry>
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| 291 |
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| 292 | <varlistentry id="loginctl">
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| 293 | <term><command>loginctl</command></term>
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| 294 | <listitem>
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| 295 | <para>Controls the systemd login manager</para>
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| 296 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd loginctl">
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| 297 | <primary sortas="b-loginctl">loginctl</primary>
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| 298 | </indexterm>
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| 299 | </listitem>
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| 300 | </varlistentry>
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| 301 |
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| 302 | <varlistentry id="machinectl">
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| 303 | <term><command>machinectl</command></term>
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| 304 | <listitem>
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| 305 | <para>Controls the systemd machine manager</para>
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| 306 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd machinectl">
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| 307 | <primary sortas="b-machinectl">machinectl</primary>
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| 308 | </indexterm>
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| 309 | </listitem>
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| 310 | </varlistentry>
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| 311 |
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| 312 | <varlistentry id="poweroff">
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| 313 | <term><command>poweroff</command></term>
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| 314 | <listitem>
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| 315 | <para>Halts, powers off, or reboots the machine</para>
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| 316 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd poweroff">
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| 317 | <primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary>
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| 318 | </indexterm>
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| 319 | </listitem>
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| 320 | </varlistentry>
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| 321 |
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| 322 | <varlistentry id="reboot">
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| 323 | <term><command>reboot</command></term>
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| 324 | <listitem>
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| 325 | <para>Halts, powers off, or reboots the machine</para>
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| 326 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd reboot">
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| 327 | <primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary>
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| 328 | </indexterm>
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| 329 | </listitem>
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| 330 | </varlistentry>
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| 331 |
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| 332 | <varlistentry id="runlevel">
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| 333 | <term><command>runlevel</command></term>
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| 334 | <listitem>
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| 335 | <para>Prints previous and current SysV runlevel</para>
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| 336 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd runlevel">
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| 337 | <primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary>
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| 338 | </indexterm>
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| 339 | </listitem>
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| 340 | </varlistentry>
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| 341 |
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| 342 | <varlistentry id="shutdown">
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| 343 | <term><command>shutdown</command></term>
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| 344 | <listitem>
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| 345 | <para>Halts, powers off, or reboots the machine</para>
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| 346 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd shutdown">
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| 347 | <primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary>
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| 348 | </indexterm>
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| 349 | </listitem>
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| 350 | </varlistentry>
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| 351 |
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| 352 | <varlistentry id="systemctl">
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| 353 | <term><command>systemctl</command></term>
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| 354 | <listitem>
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| 355 | <para>Control the systemd system and service manager</para>
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| 356 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemctl">
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| 357 | <primary sortas="b-systemctl">systemctl</primary>
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| 358 | </indexterm>
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| 359 | </listitem>
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| 360 | </varlistentry>
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| 361 |
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| 362 | <varlistentry id="systemd">
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| 363 | <term><command>systemd</command></term>
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| 364 | <listitem>
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| 365 | <para>System and service manager for Linux</para>
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| 366 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd">
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| 367 | <primary sortas="b-systemd">systemd</primary>
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| 368 | </indexterm>
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| 369 | </listitem>
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| 370 | </varlistentry>
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| 371 |
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| 372 | <varlistentry id="systemd-analyze">
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| 373 | <term><command>systemd-analyze</command></term>
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| 374 | <listitem>
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| 375 | <para>Analyzes system boot-up permformance</para>
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| 376 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-analyze">
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| 377 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-analyze">systemd-analyze</primary>
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| 378 | </indexterm>
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| 379 | </listitem>
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| 380 | </varlistentry>
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| 381 |
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| 382 | <varlistentry id="systemd-ask-password">
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| 383 | <term><command>systemd-ask-password</command></term>
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| 384 | <listitem>
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| 385 | <para>Queries the user for a system passphrase, via the
|
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| 386 | TTY or an UI agent.</para>
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| 387 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ask-password">
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| 388 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-ask-password">systemd-ask-password</primary>
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| 389 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 390 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 391 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 392 |
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| 393 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cat">
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| 394 | <term><command>systemd-cat</command></term>
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|---|
| 395 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 396 | <para>Connects a pipeline or program's output with the journal</para>
|
|---|
| 397 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cat">
|
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| 398 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cat">systemd-cat</primary>
|
|---|
| 399 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 400 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 401 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 402 |
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|---|
| 403 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cgls">
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|---|
| 404 | <term><command>systemd-cgls</command></term>
|
|---|
| 405 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 406 | <para>Recursively shows control group contents</para>
|
|---|
| 407 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgls">
|
|---|
| 408 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgls">systemd-cgls</primary>
|
|---|
| 409 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 410 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 411 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 412 |
|
|---|
| 413 | <varlistentry id="systemd-notify">
|
|---|
| 414 | <term><command>systemd-notify</command></term>
|
|---|
| 415 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 416 | <para>Notify init system about start-up completion and other daemon
|
|---|
| 417 | status changes</para>
|
|---|
| 418 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-notify">
|
|---|
| 419 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-notify">systemd-notify</primary>
|
|---|
| 420 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 421 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 422 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 423 |
|
|---|
| 424 | <varlistentry id="systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
|
|---|
| 425 | <term><command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</command></term>
|
|---|
| 426 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 427 | <para>Process system password requests</para>
|
|---|
| 428 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
|
|---|
| 429 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</primary>
|
|---|
| 430 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 431 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 432 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 433 |
|
|---|
| 434 | <varlistentry id="telinit">
|
|---|
| 435 | <term><command>telinit</command></term>
|
|---|
| 436 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 437 | <para>Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change to</para>
|
|---|
| 438 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd telinit">
|
|---|
| 439 | <primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary>
|
|---|
| 440 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 441 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 442 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 443 |
|
|---|
| 444 | <varlistentry id="pam_systemd">
|
|---|
| 445 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">pam_systemd</filename></term>
|
|---|
| 446 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 447 | <para>Register user sessions in the systemd control group
|
|---|
| 448 | hierarchy</para>
|
|---|
| 449 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd pam_systemd">
|
|---|
| 450 | <primary sortas="c-pam_systemd">pam_systemd</primary>
|
|---|
| 451 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 452 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 453 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 454 |
|
|---|
| 455 | <varlistentry id="lib-systemd">
|
|---|
| 456 | <term><filename class="directory">/lib/systemd</filename></term>
|
|---|
| 457 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 458 | <para>Location of system units and configurations</para>
|
|---|
| 459 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd lib-systemd">
|
|---|
| 460 | <primary sortas="e-/lib/systemd">/lib/systemd</primary>
|
|---|
| 461 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 462 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 463 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 464 |
|
|---|
| 465 | <varlistentry id="etc-systemd">
|
|---|
| 466 | <term><filename class="directory">/etc/systemd</filename></term>
|
|---|
| 467 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 468 | <para>Location of user units and configurations</para>
|
|---|
| 469 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd etc-systemd">
|
|---|
| 470 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/systemd">/etc/systemd</primary>
|
|---|
| 471 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 472 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 473 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 474 |
|
|---|
| 475 | <varlistentry id="etc-tmpfilesd">
|
|---|
| 476 | <term><filename class="directory">/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename></term>
|
|---|
| 477 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 478 | <para>Configuration for creation, deletion and cleaning of temporary
|
|---|
| 479 | and volatile files</para>
|
|---|
| 480 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd etc-tmpfilesd">
|
|---|
| 481 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/tmpfiles.d">/etc/tmpfiles.d</primary>
|
|---|
| 482 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 483 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 484 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 485 |
|
|---|
| 486 | <varlistentry id="usr-share-systemd">
|
|---|
| 487 | <term><filename class="directory">/usr/share/systemd</filename></term>
|
|---|
| 488 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 489 | <para>Location of session unit files</para>
|
|---|
| 490 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd usr-share-systemd">
|
|---|
| 491 | <primary sortas="e-/usr/share/systemd">/usr/share/systemd</primary>
|
|---|
| 492 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 493 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 494 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 495 |
|
|---|
| 496 | </variablelist>
|
|---|
| 497 |
|
|---|
| 498 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 499 |
|
|---|
| 500 | </sect1>
|
|---|
