1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 | ]>
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7 | <sect1 id="ch-system-systemd" role="wrap">
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8 | <?dbhtml filename="systemd.html"?>
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9 |
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10 | <title>Systemd-&systemd-version;</title>
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11 |
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12 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd">
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13 | <primary sortas="a-systemd">Systemd</primary>
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14 | </indexterm>
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15 |
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16 | <sect2 role="package">
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17 | <title/>
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18 |
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19 | <para>The systemd package is a system and service manager for Linux
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20 | operating systems.</para>
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21 |
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22 | </sect2>
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23 |
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24 | <sect2 role="installation">
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25 | <title>Installation of Systemd</title>
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26 |
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27 | <para os="p1">Systemd 211 merged several libraries into
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28 | <filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd</filename>, but some packages
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29 | that use systemd still expect those separate libraries. Apply a patch
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30 | to allow backwards compatibility with these packages by
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31 | installing Pkg-config files for the old libraries:</para>
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32 |
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33 | <screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&systemd-compat-patch;</userinput></screen>
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34 |
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35 | <para os="s1">Prevent the <filename>Makefile</filename> from trying to run
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36 | <command>setcap</command> on <command>systemd-detect-virt</command>,
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37 | which will fail if the kernel or file system does not support extended
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38 | capabilities:</para>
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39 |
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40 | <screen os="s2"><userinput>sed -i '/virt-install-hook /d' Makefile.in</userinput></screen>
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41 |
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42 | <para os="s3">The <filename>timesyncd.conf</filename> file contains a
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43 | reference to a non-existent <filename>timesyncd.conf(5)</filename> man
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44 | page. Remove that reference to avoid possible confusion:</para>
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45 |
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46 | <screen os="s4"><userinput>sed -i '/timesyncd.conf/d' src/timesync/timesyncd.conf.in</userinput></screen>
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47 |
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48 | <para os="a">Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
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49 |
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50 | <screen os="b"><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr \
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51 | --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var \
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52 | --libexecdir=/usr/lib --docdir=/usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version; \
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53 | --with-rootprefix="" --with-rootlibdir=/lib \
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54 | --enable-split-usr --disable-gudev --with-kbd-loadkeys=/bin/loadkeys \
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55 | --with-kbd-setfont=/bin/setfont --with-dbuspolicydir=/etc/dbus-1/system.d \
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56 | --with-dbusinterfacedir=/usr/share/dbus-1/interfaces \
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57 | --with-dbussessionservicedir=/usr/share/dbus-1/services \
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58 | --with-dbussystemservicedir=/usr/share/dbus-1/system-services</userinput></screen>
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59 |
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60 | <variablelist os="c">
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61 | <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
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62 |
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63 | <varlistentry>
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64 | <term><parameter>--with-root*</parameter></term>
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65 | <listitem>
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66 | <para>These switches ensure that core programs and
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67 | shared libraries are installed in the subdirectories
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68 | of the root partition.</para>
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69 | </listitem>
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70 | </varlistentry>
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71 |
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72 | <varlistentry>
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73 | <term><parameter>--enable-split-usr</parameter></term>
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74 | <listitem>
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75 | <para>This switch ensures that systemd will work on
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76 | systems where /bin, /lib and /sbin directories are not
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77 | symlinks to their /usr counterparts.</para>
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78 | </listitem>
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79 | </varlistentry>
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80 |
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81 | <varlistentry>
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82 | <term><parameter>--disable-gudev</parameter></term>
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83 | <listitem>
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84 | <para>This switch prevents systemd from building
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85 | <filename class="libraryfile">libgudev</filename> as it requires
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86 | Glib, which is not installed in CLFS.</para>
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87 | </listitem>
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88 | </varlistentry>
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89 |
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90 | <varlistentry>
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91 | <term><parameter>--with-dbus*</parameter></term>
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92 | <listitem>
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93 | <para>These switches ensure that D-Bus configuration files get
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94 | installed to the correct locations.</para>
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95 | </listitem>
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96 | </varlistentry>
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97 | </variablelist>
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98 |
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99 | <para os="d">Compile the package:</para>
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100 |
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101 | <screen os="e"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
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102 |
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103 | <para os="f">Prevent a broken test case from running:</para>
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104 |
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105 | <screen os="g"><userinput remap="test">sed -e "s:test/udev-test.pl::g" \
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106 | -e "s:test-bus-cleanup\$(EXEEXT) ::g" \
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107 | -e "s:test-bus-gvariant\$(EXEEXT) ::g" \
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108 | -i Makefile</userinput></screen>
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109 |
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110 | <para os="h">To test the results, issue:</para>
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111 |
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112 | <screen os="i"><userinput remap="test">make check</userinput></screen>
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113 |
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114 | <para os="j">Install the package:</para>
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115 |
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116 | <screen os="k"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
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117 |
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118 | <para os="l">Install documentation files that are not installed by default:</para>
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119 |
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120 | <screen os="m"><userinput>install -v -m644 man/*.html /usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version;</userinput></screen>
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121 |
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122 | <para os="n">Move NSS myhostname library to <filename class="directory">/lib
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123 | </filename>:</para>
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124 |
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125 | <screen os="o"><userinput>mv -v /usr/lib/libnss_myhostname.so.2 /lib</userinput></screen>
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126 |
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127 | <para os="p">Remove an unnecessary directory:</para>
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128 |
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129 | <screen os="q"><userinput>rm -rfv /usr/lib/rpm</userinput></screen>
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130 |
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131 | <para os="r">Create symlinks for backwards-compatibility with Sysvinit:</para>
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132 |
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133 | <screen os="s"><userinput>for tool in runlevel reboot shutdown poweroff halt telinit; do
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134 | ln -sfv ../bin/systemctl /sbin/$tool
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135 | done
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136 | ln -sfv ../lib/systemd/systemd /sbin/init</userinput></screen>
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137 |
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138 | <para os="t">Modify a configuration file which references a group that
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139 | doesn't exist:</para>
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140 |
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141 | <screen os="u"><userinput>sed -i "s@root lock@root root@g" /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/legacy.conf</userinput></screen>
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142 |
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143 | </sect2>
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144 |
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145 | <sect2 id="conf-systemd" role="configuration">
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146 | <title>Configuring Systemd</title>
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147 |
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148 | <indexterm zone="conf-systemd">
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149 | <primary sortas="a-systemd">systemd</primary>
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150 | <secondary>configuring</secondary></indexterm>
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151 |
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152 | <indexterm zone="conf-systemd">
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153 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/os-release">/etc/os-release</primary>
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154 | </indexterm>
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155 |
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156 | <para>Create <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> which is needed
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157 | by Journald:</para>
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158 |
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159 | <screen><userinput>systemd-machine-id-setup</userinput></screen>
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160 |
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161 | <para>Create a file to identify the operating system.
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162 | <command>systemd</command> will use this file on boot to put information
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163 | on the screen.</para>
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164 |
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165 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/os-release << "EOF"
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166 | # Begin /etc/os-release
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167 |
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168 | NAME=Cross-LFS
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169 | ID=clfs
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170 |
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171 | PRETTY_NAME=Cross Linux From Scratch
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172 | ANSI_COLOR=0;33
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173 |
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174 | VERSION=&version;
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175 | VERSION_ID=&versionid;
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176 |
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177 | # End /etc/os-release
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178 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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179 |
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180 | </sect2>
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181 |
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182 | <sect2 id="contents-systemd" role="content">
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183 | <title>Contents of Systemd</title>
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184 |
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185 | <segmentedlist>
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186 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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187 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
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188 | <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
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189 |
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190 | <seglistitem>
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191 | <seg>bootctl, busctl, halt (link to systemctl), hostnamectl,
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192 | init (link to systemd), journalctl, kernel-install, localectl, loginctl,
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193 | machinectl, poweroff (link to systemctl), reboot (link to systemctl),
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194 | runlevel (link to systemctl), shutdown (link to systemctl),
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195 | systemctl, system-analyze, systemd-ask-password, systemd-cat,
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196 | systemd-cgls, systemd-cgtop, systemd-coredumpctl, systemd-delta,
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197 | systemd-detect-virt, systemd-inhibit, systemd-machine-id-setup,
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198 | systemd-notify, systemd-nspawn, systemd-run, systemd-stdio-bridge
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199 | (link to systemd-bus-proxyd), systemd-tmpfiles,
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200 | systemd-tty-ask-password-agent, telinit (link to systemctl),
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201 | timedatectl, udevadm</seg>
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202 | <seg>libnss_myhostname.so, libsystemd.so, libudev.so</seg>
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203 | <seg>/etc/binfmt.d, /etc/init.d, /etc/kernel, /etc/modules-load.d,
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204 | /etc/sysctl.d, /etc/systemd, /etc/tmpfiles.d, /etc/udev,
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205 | /etc/xdg/systemd, /lib/systemd, /lib/udev, /usr/include/systemd,
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206 | /usr/lib/binfmt.d, /usr/lib/kernel, /usr/lib/modules-load.d,
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207 | /usr/lib/sysctl.d, /usr/lib/systemd,
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208 | /usr/share/doc-systemd-&systemd-version;, /usr/share/systemd,
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209 | /usr/share/zsh, /var/lib/systemd</seg>
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210 | </seglistitem>
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211 | </segmentedlist>
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212 |
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213 | <variablelist>
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214 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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215 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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216 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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217 |
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218 | <varlistentry id="bootctl">
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219 | <term><command>bootctl</command></term>
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220 | <listitem>
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221 | <para>Controls the firmware and boot manager settings</para>
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222 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd bootctl">
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223 | <primary sortas="b-bootctl">bootctl</primary>
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224 | </indexterm>
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225 | </listitem>
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226 | </varlistentry>
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227 |
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228 | <varlistentry id="busctl">
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229 | <term><command>busctl</command></term>
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230 | <listitem>
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231 | <para>Introspects and monitors the D-Bus bus</para>
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232 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd busctl">
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233 | <primary sortas="b-busctl">busctl</primary>
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234 | </indexterm>
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235 | </listitem>
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236 | </varlistentry>
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237 |
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238 | <varlistentry id="halt">
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239 | <term><command>halt</command></term>
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240 | <listitem>
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241 | <para>Halts, powers off, or reboots the machine</para>
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242 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd halt">
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243 | <primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary>
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244 | </indexterm>
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245 | </listitem>
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246 | </varlistentry>
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247 |
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248 | <varlistentry id="hostnamectl">
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249 | <term><command>hostnamectl</command></term>
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250 | <listitem>
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251 | <para>Controls the system hostname</para>
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252 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd hostnamectl">
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253 | <primary sortas="b-hostnamectl">hostnamectl</primary>
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254 | </indexterm>
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255 | </listitem>
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256 | </varlistentry>
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257 |
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258 | <varlistentry id="init">
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259 | <term><command>init</command></term>
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260 | <listitem>
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261 | <para>systemd system and service manager</para>
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262 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd init">
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263 | <primary sortas="b-init">init</primary>
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264 | </indexterm>
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265 | </listitem>
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266 | </varlistentry>
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267 |
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268 | <varlistentry id="journalctl">
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269 | <term><command>journalctl</command></term>
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270 | <listitem>
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271 | <para>Queries the systemd journal</para>
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272 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd journalctl">
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273 | <primary sortas="b-journalctl">journalctl</primary>
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274 | </indexterm>
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275 | </listitem>
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276 | </varlistentry>
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277 |
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278 | <varlistentry id="kernel-install">
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279 | <term><command>kernel-install</command></term>
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280 | <listitem>
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281 | <para>Adds and removes kernel and initramfs images to and from
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282 | <filename class="directory">/boot</filename></para>
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283 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd kernel-install">
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284 | <primary sortas="b-kernel-install">kernel-install</primary>
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285 | </indexterm>
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286 | </listitem>
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287 | </varlistentry>
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288 |
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289 | <varlistentry id="localectl">
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290 | <term><command>localectl</command></term>
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291 | <listitem>
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292 | <para>Controls the system locale and keyboard layout settings</para>
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293 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd localectl">
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294 | <primary sortas="b-localectl">localectl</primary>
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295 | </indexterm>
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296 | </listitem>
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297 | </varlistentry>
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298 |
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299 | <varlistentry id="loginctl">
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300 | <term><command>loginctl</command></term>
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301 | <listitem>
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302 | <para>Controls the systemd login manager</para>
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303 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd loginctl">
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304 | <primary sortas="b-loginctl">loginctl</primary>
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305 | </indexterm>
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306 | </listitem>
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307 | </varlistentry>
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308 |
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309 | <varlistentry id="machinectl">
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310 | <term><command>machinectl</command></term>
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311 | <listitem>
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312 | <para>Controls the systemd machine manager</para>
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313 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd machinectl">
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314 | <primary sortas="b-machinectl">machinectl</primary>
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315 | </indexterm>
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316 | </listitem>
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317 | </varlistentry>
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318 |
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319 | <varlistentry id="poweroff">
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320 | <term><command>poweroff</command></term>
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321 | <listitem>
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322 | <para>Halts, powers off, or reboots the machine</para>
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323 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd poweroff">
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324 | <primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary>
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325 | </indexterm>
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326 | </listitem>
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327 | </varlistentry>
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328 |
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329 | <varlistentry id="reboot">
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330 | <term><command>reboot</command></term>
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331 | <listitem>
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332 | <para>Halts, powers off, or reboots the machine</para>
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333 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd reboot">
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334 | <primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary>
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335 | </indexterm>
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336 | </listitem>
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337 | </varlistentry>
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338 |
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339 | <varlistentry id="runlevel">
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340 | <term><command>runlevel</command></term>
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341 | <listitem>
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342 | <para>Prints previous and current SysV runlevel</para>
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343 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd runlevel">
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344 | <primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary>
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345 | </indexterm>
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346 | </listitem>
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347 | </varlistentry>
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348 |
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349 | <varlistentry id="shutdown">
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350 | <term><command>shutdown</command></term>
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351 | <listitem>
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352 | <para>Halts, powers off, or reboots the machine</para>
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353 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd shutdown">
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354 | <primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary>
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355 | </indexterm>
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356 | </listitem>
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357 | </varlistentry>
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358 |
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359 | <varlistentry id="systemctl">
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360 | <term><command>systemctl</command></term>
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361 | <listitem>
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362 | <para>Control the systemd system and service manager</para>
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363 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemctl">
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364 | <primary sortas="b-systemctl">systemctl</primary>
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365 | </indexterm>
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366 | </listitem>
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367 | </varlistentry>
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368 |
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369 | <varlistentry id="systemd">
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370 | <term><command>systemd</command></term>
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371 | <listitem>
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372 | <para>System and service manager for Linux</para>
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373 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd">
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374 | <primary sortas="b-systemd">systemd</primary>
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375 | </indexterm>
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376 | </listitem>
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377 | </varlistentry>
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378 |
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379 | <varlistentry id="systemd-analyze">
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380 | <term><command>systemd-analyze</command></term>
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381 | <listitem>
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382 | <para>Analyzes system boot-up permformance</para>
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383 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-analyze">
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384 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-analyze">systemd-analyze</primary>
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385 | </indexterm>
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386 | </listitem>
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387 | </varlistentry>
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388 |
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389 | <varlistentry id="systemd-ask-password">
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390 | <term><command>systemd-ask-password</command></term>
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391 | <listitem>
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392 | <para>Queries the user for a system passphrase, via the
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393 | TTY or an UI agent.</para>
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394 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ask-password">
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395 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-ask-password">systemd-ask-password</primary>
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396 | </indexterm>
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397 | </listitem>
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398 | </varlistentry>
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399 |
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400 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cat">
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401 | <term><command>systemd-cat</command></term>
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402 | <listitem>
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403 | <para>Connects a pipeline or program's output with the journal</para>
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404 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cat">
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405 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cat">systemd-cat</primary>
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406 | </indexterm>
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407 | </listitem>
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408 | </varlistentry>
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409 |
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410 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cgls">
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411 | <term><command>systemd-cgls</command></term>
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412 | <listitem>
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413 | <para>Recursively shows control group contents</para>
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414 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgls">
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415 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgls">systemd-cgls</primary>
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416 | </indexterm>
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417 | </listitem>
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418 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
419 |
|
---|
420 | <varlistentry id="systemd-notify">
|
---|
421 | <term><command>systemd-notify</command></term>
|
---|
422 | <listitem>
|
---|
423 | <para>Notify init system about start-up completion and other daemon
|
---|
424 | status changes</para>
|
---|
425 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-notify">
|
---|
426 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-notify">systemd-notify</primary>
|
---|
427 | </indexterm>
|
---|
428 | </listitem>
|
---|
429 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
430 |
|
---|
431 | <varlistentry id="systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
|
---|
432 | <term><command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</command></term>
|
---|
433 | <listitem>
|
---|
434 | <para>Process system password requests</para>
|
---|
435 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
|
---|
436 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</primary>
|
---|
437 | </indexterm>
|
---|
438 | </listitem>
|
---|
439 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
440 |
|
---|
441 | <varlistentry id="telinit">
|
---|
442 | <term><command>telinit</command></term>
|
---|
443 | <listitem>
|
---|
444 | <para>Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change to</para>
|
---|
445 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd telinit">
|
---|
446 | <primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary>
|
---|
447 | </indexterm>
|
---|
448 | </listitem>
|
---|
449 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
450 |
|
---|
451 | <varlistentry id="pam_systemd">
|
---|
452 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">pam_systemd</filename></term>
|
---|
453 | <listitem>
|
---|
454 | <para>Register user sessions in the systemd control group
|
---|
455 | hierarchy</para>
|
---|
456 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd pam_systemd">
|
---|
457 | <primary sortas="c-pam_systemd">pam_systemd</primary>
|
---|
458 | </indexterm>
|
---|
459 | </listitem>
|
---|
460 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
461 |
|
---|
462 | <varlistentry id="lib-systemd">
|
---|
463 | <term><filename class="directory">/lib/systemd</filename></term>
|
---|
464 | <listitem>
|
---|
465 | <para>Location of system units and configurations</para>
|
---|
466 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd lib-systemd">
|
---|
467 | <primary sortas="e-/lib/systemd">/lib/systemd</primary>
|
---|
468 | </indexterm>
|
---|
469 | </listitem>
|
---|
470 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
471 |
|
---|
472 | <varlistentry id="etc-systemd">
|
---|
473 | <term><filename class="directory">/etc/systemd</filename></term>
|
---|
474 | <listitem>
|
---|
475 | <para>Location of user units and configurations</para>
|
---|
476 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd etc-systemd">
|
---|
477 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/systemd">/etc/systemd</primary>
|
---|
478 | </indexterm>
|
---|
479 | </listitem>
|
---|
480 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
481 |
|
---|
482 | <varlistentry id="etc-tmpfilesd">
|
---|
483 | <term><filename class="directory">/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename></term>
|
---|
484 | <listitem>
|
---|
485 | <para>Configuration for creation, deletion and cleaning of temporary
|
---|
486 | and volatile files</para>
|
---|
487 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd etc-tmpfilesd">
|
---|
488 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/tmpfiles.d">/etc/tmpfiles.d</primary>
|
---|
489 | </indexterm>
|
---|
490 | </listitem>
|
---|
491 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
492 |
|
---|
493 | <varlistentry id="usr-share-systemd">
|
---|
494 | <term><filename class="directory">/usr/share/systemd</filename></term>
|
---|
495 | <listitem>
|
---|
496 | <para>Location of session unit files</para>
|
---|
497 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd usr-share-systemd">
|
---|
498 | <primary sortas="e-/usr/share/systemd">/usr/share/systemd</primary>
|
---|
499 | </indexterm>
|
---|
500 | </listitem>
|
---|
501 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
502 |
|
---|
503 | </variablelist>
|
---|
504 |
|
---|
505 | </sect2>
|
---|
506 |
|
---|
507 | </sect1>
|
---|