1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> |
---|
2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" |
---|
3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [ |
---|
4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent"> |
---|
5 | %general-entities; |
---|
6 | ]> |
---|
7 | |
---|
8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap"> |
---|
9 | <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?> |
---|
10 | |
---|
11 | <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title> |
---|
12 | |
---|
13 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc"> |
---|
14 | <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary> |
---|
15 | </indexterm> |
---|
16 | |
---|
17 | <sect2 role="package"> |
---|
18 | <title/> |
---|
19 | |
---|
20 | <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides |
---|
21 | the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and |
---|
22 | closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching, |
---|
23 | arithmetic, and so on.</para> |
---|
24 | |
---|
25 | </sect2> |
---|
26 | |
---|
27 | <sect2 role="installation"> |
---|
28 | <title>Installation of Glibc</title> |
---|
29 | |
---|
30 | <note os="z"> |
---|
31 | <para>Some packages outside of CLFS suggest installing GNU libiconv in |
---|
32 | order to translate data from one encoding to another. The project's |
---|
33 | home page (<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/"/>) says |
---|
34 | <quote>This library provides an <function>iconv()</function> |
---|
35 | implementation, for use on systems which don't have one, or whose |
---|
36 | implementation cannot convert from/to Unicode.</quote> Glibc provides |
---|
37 | an <function>iconv()</function> implementation and can convert from/to |
---|
38 | Unicode, therefore libiconv is not required on a CLFS system.</para> |
---|
39 | </note> |
---|
40 | |
---|
41 | <para os="l1">At the end of the installation, the build system will run |
---|
42 | a sanity test to make sure everything installed properly. This script will |
---|
43 | attempt to test for a library that is only used in the test suite and is |
---|
44 | never installed. Prevent the script from testing for this library with the |
---|
45 | following command:</para> |
---|
46 | |
---|
47 | <screen os="l2"><userinput>sed -i 's/\(&& $name ne\) "db1"/ & \1 "nss_test1"/' scripts/test-installation.pl</userinput></screen> |
---|
48 | |
---|
49 | <para os="l3">This same script performs its tests by attempting to compile |
---|
50 | test programs against certain libraries. However it does not specify the |
---|
51 | path to <filename class="libraryfile">ld.so</filename>, and our toolchain |
---|
52 | is still configured to use the one in |
---|
53 | <filename class="directory">/tools</filename>. The following set of |
---|
54 | commands will force the script to use the complete path of the new |
---|
55 | <filename class="libraryfile">ld.so</filename> that was just installed:</para> |
---|
56 | |
---|
57 | <screen os="l4"><userinput>LINKER=$(readelf -l /tools/bin/bash | sed -n 's@.*interpret.*/tools\(.*\)]$@\1@p') |
---|
58 | sed -i "s|libs -o|libs -L/usr/lib -Wl,-dynamic-linker=${LINKER} -o|" \ |
---|
59 | scripts/test-installation.pl |
---|
60 | unset LINKER</userinput></screen> |
---|
61 | |
---|
62 | <para os="b">The Glibc build system is self-contained and will install |
---|
63 | perfectly, even though the compiler specs file and linker are still |
---|
64 | pointing at <filename class="directory">/tools</filename>. The specs |
---|
65 | and linker cannot be adjusted before the Glibc install because the |
---|
66 | Glibc Autoconf tests would give false results and defeat the goal |
---|
67 | of achieving a clean build.</para> |
---|
68 | |
---|
69 | <para os="s1">Apply the following <command>sed</command> so the |
---|
70 | <command>tzselect</command> script works properly:</para> |
---|
71 | |
---|
72 | <screen os="s2"><userinput>sed -i 's/\\$$(pwd)/`pwd`/' timezone/Makefile</userinput></screen> |
---|
73 | |
---|
74 | <para os="e">The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc outside of the source directory in a dedicated build directory:</para> |
---|
75 | |
---|
76 | <screen os="f"><userinput>mkdir -v ../glibc-build |
---|
77 | cd ../glibc-build</userinput></screen> |
---|
78 | |
---|
79 | <para os="g">Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para> |
---|
80 | |
---|
81 | <screen os="h"><userinput>../glibc-&glibc-version;/configure --prefix=/usr \ |
---|
82 | --disable-profile --enable-kernel=&glibc-kernel-version; --libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc \ |
---|
83 | --enable-obsolete-rpc</userinput></screen> |
---|
84 | |
---|
85 | <variablelist os="i"> |
---|
86 | <title>The meaning of the new configure option:</title> |
---|
87 | |
---|
88 | <varlistentry> |
---|
89 | <term><parameter>--libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc</parameter></term> |
---|
90 | <listitem> |
---|
91 | <para>This changes the location of the <command>getconf</command> |
---|
92 | utility from its default of <filename |
---|
93 | class="directory">/usr/libexec</filename> to <filename |
---|
94 | class="directory">/usr/lib/glibc</filename>.</para> |
---|
95 | </listitem> |
---|
96 | </varlistentry> |
---|
97 | </variablelist> |
---|
98 | |
---|
99 | <para os="j">Compile the package:</para> |
---|
100 | |
---|
101 | <screen os="k"><userinput>make</userinput></screen> |
---|
102 | |
---|
103 | <important os="l"> |
---|
104 | <para>Due to Glibc's critical role in a properly functioning system, |
---|
105 | the CLFS developers strongly recommend running the testsuite.</para> |
---|
106 | </important> |
---|
107 | |
---|
108 | <para os="m">Use the following commands to run the test suite and output |
---|
109 | any test failures:</para> |
---|
110 | |
---|
111 | <!-- items n,o,p no longer the master, use x86_64 which has no failures --> |
---|
112 | |
---|
113 | <screen os="n"><userinput remap="test">make -k check 2>&1 | tee glibc-check-log; grep Error glibc-check-log</userinput></screen> |
---|
114 | |
---|
115 | <para os="o">The Glibc test suite is highly dependent on certain functions of |
---|
116 | the host system, in particular the kernel. The <emphasis>posix/annexc</emphasis> and |
---|
117 | <emphasis>conform/run-conformtest</emphasis> tests normally fail |
---|
118 | and you should see <literal>Error 1 (ignored)</literal> in the output. Apart |
---|
119 | from this, the Glibc test suite is always expected to pass. However, in certain |
---|
120 | circumstances, some failures are unavoidable. If a test fails because of a missing |
---|
121 | program (or missing symbolic link), or a segfault, you will see an error code |
---|
122 | greater than 127 and the details will be in the log. More commonly, tests will |
---|
123 | fail with <literal>Error 2</literal> - for these, the contents of the corresponding |
---|
124 | <filename>.out</filename> file, e.g. <filename>posix/annexc.out</filename> may be |
---|
125 | informative. Here is a list of the most common issues:</para> |
---|
126 | |
---|
127 | <itemizedlist os="p"> |
---|
128 | <listitem> |
---|
129 | <para>The <emphasis>nptl/tst-clock2</emphasis>, |
---|
130 | <emphasis>nptl/tst-attr3</emphasis>, |
---|
131 | <emphasis>tst/tst-cputimer1</emphasis>, and |
---|
132 | <emphasis>rt/tst-cpuclock2</emphasis> |
---|
133 | tests have been known to fail. The |
---|
134 | reason is not completely understood, but indications are that minor |
---|
135 | timing issues can trigger these failures.</para> |
---|
136 | </listitem> |
---|
137 | <listitem> |
---|
138 | <para>The <emphasis>math</emphasis> tests sometimes fail. |
---|
139 | Certain optimization settings are known to be a |
---|
140 | factor here.</para> |
---|
141 | </listitem> |
---|
142 | <listitem> |
---|
143 | <para>If you have mounted the CLFS partition with the |
---|
144 | <parameter>noatime</parameter> option, the <emphasis>atime</emphasis> test |
---|
145 | will fail. As mentioned in <xref linkend="ch-partitioning-mounting"/>, |
---|
146 | do not use the <parameter>noatime</parameter> option while building |
---|
147 | CLFS.</para> |
---|
148 | </listitem> |
---|
149 | <listitem> |
---|
150 | <para>When running on older and slower hardware, some tests |
---|
151 | can fail because of test timeouts being exceeded. |
---|
152 | Modifying the make check command to set a TIMEOUTFACTOR is reported to |
---|
153 | help eliminate these errors (e.g. <command>TIMEOUTFACTOR=16 |
---|
154 | make -k check</command>).</para> |
---|
155 | </listitem> |
---|
156 | <listitem> |
---|
157 | <para>posix/tst-getaddrinfo4 will always fail due to not having a network |
---|
158 | connection when the test is run.</para> |
---|
159 | </listitem> |
---|
160 | </itemizedlist> |
---|
161 | |
---|
162 | <para os="q">Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will |
---|
163 | complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>. |
---|
164 | Prevent this warning with:</para> |
---|
165 | |
---|
166 | <screen os="r"><userinput>touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen> |
---|
167 | |
---|
168 | <para os="s">Install the package, and remove unneeded files from |
---|
169 | <filename class="directory">/usr/include/rpcsvc</filename>:</para> |
---|
170 | |
---|
171 | <screen os="t"><userinput>make install && |
---|
172 | rm -v /usr/include/rpcsvc/*.x</userinput></screen> |
---|
173 | |
---|
174 | <para os="u">Install the configuration file and runtime directory for |
---|
175 | <command>nscd</command>:</para> |
---|
176 | |
---|
177 | <screen os="v"><userinput>cp -v ../glibc-2.19/nscd/nscd.conf /etc/nscd.conf |
---|
178 | mkdir -pv /var/cache/nscd</userinput></screen> |
---|
179 | |
---|
180 | <para os="w">Install the systemd support files for <command>nscd</command>:</para> |
---|
181 | |
---|
182 | <screen os="x"><userinput>install -v -Dm644 ../glibc-2.19/nscd/nscd.tmpfiles /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/nscd.conf |
---|
183 | install -v -Dm644 ../glibc-2.19/nscd/nscd.service /lib/systemd/system/nscd.service</userinput></screen> |
---|
184 | |
---|
185 | </sect2> |
---|
186 | |
---|
187 | <sect2 id="i18n-glibc" role="configuration"> |
---|
188 | <title>Internationalization</title> |
---|
189 | |
---|
190 | <para>The locales that can make the system respond in a different |
---|
191 | language were not installed by the above command. Install them |
---|
192 | with:</para> |
---|
193 | |
---|
194 | <screen><userinput>make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen> |
---|
195 | |
---|
196 | <para>To save time, an alternative to running the previous command (which |
---|
197 | generates and installs every locale listed in the |
---|
198 | <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file) is |
---|
199 | to install only those locales that are wanted and needed. This can be |
---|
200 | achieved by using the <command>localedef</command> command. Information on |
---|
201 | this command is located in the <filename>INSTALL</filename> file in the |
---|
202 | Glibc source. However, there are a number of locales that are essential in |
---|
203 | order for the tests of future packages to pass, in particular, the |
---|
204 | <emphasis>libstdc++</emphasis> tests from GCC. The following instructions, |
---|
205 | instead of the <parameter>install-locales</parameter> target used above, |
---|
206 | will install the minimum set of locales necessary for the tests to run |
---|
207 | successfully:</para> |
---|
208 | |
---|
209 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale |
---|
210 | localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8 |
---|
211 | localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE |
---|
212 | localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro |
---|
213 | localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK |
---|
214 | localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH |
---|
215 | localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US |
---|
216 | localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX |
---|
217 | localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR |
---|
218 | localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR |
---|
219 | localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro |
---|
220 | localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT |
---|
221 | localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP</userinput></screen> |
---|
222 | |
---|
223 | <para>Some locales installed by the <command>make |
---|
224 | localedata/install-locales</command> command above are not properly |
---|
225 | supported by some applications that are in CLFS and CBLFS. Because |
---|
226 | of the various problems that arise due to application programmers making |
---|
227 | assumptions that break in such locales, CLFS should not be used in locales |
---|
228 | that utilize multibyte character sets (including UTF-8) or right-to-left |
---|
229 | writing order. Numerous unofficial and unstable patches are required to |
---|
230 | fix these problems, and it has been decided by the CLFS developers not to |
---|
231 | support such complex locales at this time. This applies to the ja_JP and |
---|
232 | fa_IR locales as well—they have been installed only for GCC and |
---|
233 | Gettext tests to pass, and the <command>watch</command> program (part of |
---|
234 | the Procps-ng package) does not work properly in them. Various attempts to |
---|
235 | circumvent these restrictions are documented in internationalization-related |
---|
236 | hints.</para> |
---|
237 | |
---|
238 | </sect2> |
---|
239 | |
---|
240 | <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration"> |
---|
241 | <title>Configuring Glibc</title> |
---|
242 | |
---|
243 | <indexterm zone="conf-glibc"> |
---|
244 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary> |
---|
245 | </indexterm> |
---|
246 | |
---|
247 | <indexterm zone="conf-glibc"> |
---|
248 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary> |
---|
249 | </indexterm> |
---|
250 | |
---|
251 | <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created |
---|
252 | because, although Glibc provides defaults when this file is missing or |
---|
253 | corrupt, the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment. |
---|
254 | The time zone also needs to be configured.</para> |
---|
255 | |
---|
256 | <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running |
---|
257 | the following:</para> |
---|
258 | |
---|
259 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/nsswitch.conf << "EOF" |
---|
260 | <literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf |
---|
261 | |
---|
262 | passwd: files |
---|
263 | group: files |
---|
264 | shadow: files |
---|
265 | |
---|
266 | hosts: files dns |
---|
267 | networks: files |
---|
268 | |
---|
269 | protocols: files |
---|
270 | services: files |
---|
271 | ethers: files |
---|
272 | rpc: files |
---|
273 | |
---|
274 | # End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal> |
---|
275 | EOF</userinput></screen> |
---|
276 | |
---|
277 | <para>Install timezone data:</para> |
---|
278 | <screen><userinput>tar -xf ../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz |
---|
279 | |
---|
280 | ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo |
---|
281 | mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right} |
---|
282 | |
---|
283 | for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \ |
---|
284 | asia australasia backward pacificnew \ |
---|
285 | systemv; do |
---|
286 | zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz} |
---|
287 | zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO/posix -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz} |
---|
288 | zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz} |
---|
289 | done |
---|
290 | |
---|
291 | cp -v zone.tab iso3166.tab $ZONEINFO |
---|
292 | zic -d $ZONEINFO -p America/New_York |
---|
293 | unset ZONEINFO</userinput></screen> |
---|
294 | |
---|
295 | <variablelist> |
---|
296 | <title>The meaning of the zic commands:</title> |
---|
297 | |
---|
298 | <varlistentry> |
---|
299 | <term><parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter></term> |
---|
300 | <listitem> |
---|
301 | <para>This creates posix timezones, without any leap seconds. It is |
---|
302 | conventional to put these in both |
---|
303 | <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> and |
---|
304 | <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename>. It is |
---|
305 | necessary to put the POSIX timezones in |
---|
306 | <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>, otherwise various |
---|
307 | test-suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is |
---|
308 | tight and you do not intend to ever update the timezones, you could save |
---|
309 | 1.9MB by not using the <filename class="directory">posix</filename> |
---|
310 | directory, but some applications or test-suites might give less good |
---|
311 | results</para> |
---|
312 | </listitem> |
---|
313 | </varlistentry> |
---|
314 | <varlistentry> |
---|
315 | <term><parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter></term> |
---|
316 | <listitem> |
---|
317 | <para>This creates right timezones, including leap seconds. On an |
---|
318 | embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to |
---|
319 | ever update the timezones, or care about the correct time, you could |
---|
320 | save 1.9MB by omitting the <filename class="directory">right</filename> |
---|
321 | directory.</para> |
---|
322 | </listitem> |
---|
323 | </varlistentry> |
---|
324 | <varlistentry> |
---|
325 | <term><parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter></term> |
---|
326 | <listitem> |
---|
327 | <para>This creates the <filename>posixrules</filename> file. We use |
---|
328 | New York because POSIX requires the daylight savings time rules |
---|
329 | to be in accordance with US rules.</para> |
---|
330 | </listitem> |
---|
331 | </varlistentry> |
---|
332 | </variablelist> |
---|
333 | |
---|
334 | <para>To determine the local time zone, run the following script:</para> |
---|
335 | |
---|
336 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen> |
---|
337 | |
---|
338 | <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will |
---|
339 | output the name of the time zone (e.g., <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> or |
---|
340 | <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis>). Then create the |
---|
341 | <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by running:</para> |
---|
342 | |
---|
343 | <screen><userinput>cp -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>[xxx]</replaceable> \ |
---|
344 | /etc/localtime</userinput></screen> |
---|
345 | |
---|
346 | <para>Replace <replaceable>[xxx]</replaceable> with the name of the time zone |
---|
347 | that <command>tzselect</command> provided (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para> |
---|
348 | |
---|
349 | </sect2> |
---|
350 | |
---|
351 | <sect2 id="conf-ld" role="configuration"> |
---|
352 | <title>Configuring The Dynamic Loader</title> |
---|
353 | |
---|
354 | <indexterm zone="conf-ld"> |
---|
355 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary> |
---|
356 | </indexterm> |
---|
357 | |
---|
358 | <para os="ld-a">By default, the dynamic loader (<filename |
---|
359 | class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through |
---|
360 | <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and <filename |
---|
361 | class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries that are |
---|
362 | needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in |
---|
363 | directories other than <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and |
---|
364 | <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be |
---|
365 | added to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order |
---|
366 | for the dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly |
---|
367 | known to contain additional libraries are <filename |
---|
368 | class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename |
---|
369 | class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the |
---|
370 | dynamic loader's search path.</para> |
---|
371 | |
---|
372 | <para os="ld-b">Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the |
---|
373 | following:</para> |
---|
374 | |
---|
375 | <screen os="ld-c"><userinput>cat > /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF" |
---|
376 | <literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf |
---|
377 | |
---|
378 | /usr/local/lib |
---|
379 | /opt/lib |
---|
380 | |
---|
381 | # End /etc/ld.so.conf</literal> |
---|
382 | EOF</userinput></screen> |
---|
383 | |
---|
384 | </sect2> |
---|
385 | |
---|
386 | <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content"> |
---|
387 | <title>Contents of Glibc</title> |
---|
388 | |
---|
389 | <segmentedlist> |
---|
390 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle> |
---|
391 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle> |
---|
392 | <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle> |
---|
393 | |
---|
394 | <seglistitem> |
---|
395 | <seg>catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig, |
---|
396 | ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, makedb, mtrace, nscd, |
---|
397 | pcprofiledump, pldd, rpcgen, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace, |
---|
398 | zdump, zic</seg> |
---|
399 | <seg>ld.so, libBrokenLocale.[a,so], libSegFault.so, libanl.[a,so], |
---|
400 | libc.[a,so], libc_nonshared.a, libcidn.[a,so], libcrypt.[a,so], |
---|
401 | libdl.[a,so], libg.a, libieee.a, libm.[a,so], libmcheck.a, |
---|
402 | libmemusage.so, libnsl.a, libnss_compat.so, libnss_dns.so, |
---|
403 | libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so, libnss_nis.so, libnss_nisplus.so, |
---|
404 | libpcprofile.so, libpthread.[a,so], libpthread_nonshared.a, |
---|
405 | libresolv.[a,so], librpcsvc.a, librt.[a,so], libthread_db.so, |
---|
406 | libutil.[a,so]</seg> |
---|
407 | <seg>/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu, |
---|
408 | /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk, |
---|
409 | /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet, |
---|
410 | /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket, |
---|
411 | /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs, |
---|
412 | /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc, /usr/include/rpcsvc, |
---|
413 | /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/glibc, /usr/lib/locale, |
---|
414 | /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo, /var/cache/ldconfig, |
---|
415 | /var/cache/nscd</seg> |
---|
416 | </seglistitem> |
---|
417 | </segmentedlist> |
---|
418 | |
---|
419 | <variablelist> |
---|
420 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead> |
---|
421 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> |
---|
422 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?> |
---|
423 | |
---|
424 | <varlistentry id="catchsegv"> |
---|
425 | <term><command>catchsegv</command></term> |
---|
426 | <listitem> |
---|
427 | <para>Can be used to create a stack trace when a program |
---|
428 | terminates with a segmentation fault</para> |
---|
429 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc catchsegv"> |
---|
430 | <primary sortas="b-catchsegv">catchsegv</primary> |
---|
431 | </indexterm> |
---|
432 | </listitem> |
---|
433 | </varlistentry> |
---|
434 | |
---|
435 | <varlistentry id="gencat"> |
---|
436 | <term><command>gencat</command></term> |
---|
437 | <listitem> |
---|
438 | <para>Generates message catalogues</para> |
---|
439 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat"> |
---|
440 | <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary> |
---|
441 | </indexterm> |
---|
442 | </listitem> |
---|
443 | </varlistentry> |
---|
444 | |
---|
445 | <varlistentry id="getconf"> |
---|
446 | <term><command>getconf</command></term> |
---|
447 | <listitem> |
---|
448 | <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system specific |
---|
449 | variables</para> |
---|
450 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf"> |
---|
451 | <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary> |
---|
452 | </indexterm> |
---|
453 | </listitem> |
---|
454 | </varlistentry> |
---|
455 | |
---|
456 | <varlistentry id="getent"> |
---|
457 | <term><command>getent</command></term> |
---|
458 | <listitem> |
---|
459 | <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para> |
---|
460 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent"> |
---|
461 | <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary> |
---|
462 | </indexterm> |
---|
463 | </listitem> |
---|
464 | </varlistentry> |
---|
465 | |
---|
466 | <varlistentry id="iconv"> |
---|
467 | <term><command>iconv</command></term> |
---|
468 | <listitem> |
---|
469 | <para>Performs character set conversion</para> |
---|
470 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv"> |
---|
471 | <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary> |
---|
472 | </indexterm> |
---|
473 | </listitem> |
---|
474 | </varlistentry> |
---|
475 | |
---|
476 | <varlistentry id="iconvconfig"> |
---|
477 | <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term> |
---|
478 | <listitem> |
---|
479 | <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration |
---|
480 | files</para> |
---|
481 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig"> |
---|
482 | <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary> |
---|
483 | </indexterm> |
---|
484 | </listitem> |
---|
485 | </varlistentry> |
---|
486 | |
---|
487 | <varlistentry id="ldconfig"> |
---|
488 | <term><command>ldconfig</command></term> |
---|
489 | <listitem> |
---|
490 | <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para> |
---|
491 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig"> |
---|
492 | <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary> |
---|
493 | </indexterm> |
---|
494 | </listitem> |
---|
495 | </varlistentry> |
---|
496 | |
---|
497 | <varlistentry id="ldd"> |
---|
498 | <term><command>ldd</command></term> |
---|
499 | <listitem> |
---|
500 | <para>Reports which shared libraries are required |
---|
501 | by each given program or shared library</para> |
---|
502 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd"> |
---|
503 | <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary> |
---|
504 | </indexterm> |
---|
505 | </listitem> |
---|
506 | </varlistentry> |
---|
507 | |
---|
508 | <varlistentry id="lddlibc4"> |
---|
509 | <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term> |
---|
510 | <listitem> |
---|
511 | <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files</para> |
---|
512 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4"> |
---|
513 | <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary> |
---|
514 | </indexterm> |
---|
515 | </listitem> |
---|
516 | </varlistentry> |
---|
517 | |
---|
518 | <varlistentry id="locale"> |
---|
519 | <term><command>locale</command></term> |
---|
520 | <listitem> |
---|
521 | <para>Tells the compiler to enable or disable the use of POSIX locales |
---|
522 | for built-in operations</para> |
---|
523 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale"> |
---|
524 | <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary> |
---|
525 | </indexterm> |
---|
526 | </listitem> |
---|
527 | </varlistentry> |
---|
528 | |
---|
529 | <varlistentry id="localedef"> |
---|
530 | <term><command>localedef</command></term> |
---|
531 | <listitem> |
---|
532 | <para>Compiles locale specifications</para> |
---|
533 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef"> |
---|
534 | <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary> |
---|
535 | </indexterm> |
---|
536 | </listitem> |
---|
537 | </varlistentry> |
---|
538 | |
---|
539 | <varlistentry id="makedb"> |
---|
540 | <term><command>makedb</command></term> |
---|
541 | <listitem> |
---|
542 | <para>Creates a simple database from textual input</para> |
---|
543 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc makedb"> |
---|
544 | <primary sortas="b-makedb">makedb</primary> |
---|
545 | </indexterm> |
---|
546 | </listitem> |
---|
547 | </varlistentry> |
---|
548 | |
---|
549 | <varlistentry id="mtrace"> |
---|
550 | <term><command>mtrace</command></term> |
---|
551 | <listitem> |
---|
552 | <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and |
---|
553 | displays a summary in human-readable format</para> |
---|
554 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace"> |
---|
555 | <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary> |
---|
556 | </indexterm> |
---|
557 | </listitem> |
---|
558 | </varlistentry> |
---|
559 | |
---|
560 | <varlistentry id="nscd"> |
---|
561 | <term><command>nscd</command></term> |
---|
562 | <listitem> |
---|
563 | <para>A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name |
---|
564 | service requests</para> |
---|
565 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd"> |
---|
566 | <primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary> |
---|
567 | </indexterm> |
---|
568 | </listitem> |
---|
569 | </varlistentry> |
---|
570 | |
---|
571 | <varlistentry id="pcprofiledump"> |
---|
572 | <term><command>pcprofiledump</command></term> |
---|
573 | <listitem> |
---|
574 | <para>Dumps information generated by PC profiling</para> |
---|
575 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump"> |
---|
576 | <primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary> |
---|
577 | </indexterm> |
---|
578 | </listitem> |
---|
579 | </varlistentry> |
---|
580 | |
---|
581 | <varlistentry id="pldd"> |
---|
582 | <term><command>pldd</command></term> |
---|
583 | <listitem> |
---|
584 | <para>Lists dynamic shared objects used by running processes</para> |
---|
585 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pldd"> |
---|
586 | <primary sortas="b-pldd">pldd</primary> |
---|
587 | </indexterm> |
---|
588 | </listitem> |
---|
589 | </varlistentry> |
---|
590 | |
---|
591 | <varlistentry id="rpcgen"> |
---|
592 | <term><command>rpcgen</command></term> |
---|
593 | <listitem> |
---|
594 | <para>Generates C code to implement the Remote Procecure Call (RPC) |
---|
595 | protocol</para> |
---|
596 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc rpcgen"> |
---|
597 | <primary sortas="b-rpcgen">rpcgen</primary> |
---|
598 | </indexterm> |
---|
599 | </listitem> |
---|
600 | </varlistentry> |
---|
601 | |
---|
602 | <varlistentry id="sln"> |
---|
603 | <term><command>sln</command></term> |
---|
604 | <listitem> |
---|
605 | <para>A statically linked program that creates symbolic links</para> |
---|
606 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln"> |
---|
607 | <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary> |
---|
608 | </indexterm> |
---|
609 | </listitem> |
---|
610 | </varlistentry> |
---|
611 | |
---|
612 | <varlistentry id="sotruss"> |
---|
613 | <term><command>sotruss</command></term> |
---|
614 | <listitem> |
---|
615 | <para>Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified command</para> |
---|
616 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sotruss"> |
---|
617 | <primary sortas="b-sotruss">sotruss</primary> |
---|
618 | </indexterm> |
---|
619 | </listitem> |
---|
620 | </varlistentry> |
---|
621 | |
---|
622 | <varlistentry id="sprof"> |
---|
623 | <term><command>sprof</command></term> |
---|
624 | <listitem> |
---|
625 | <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para> |
---|
626 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof"> |
---|
627 | <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary> |
---|
628 | </indexterm> |
---|
629 | </listitem> |
---|
630 | </varlistentry> |
---|
631 | |
---|
632 | <varlistentry id="tzselect"> |
---|
633 | <term><command>tzselect</command></term> |
---|
634 | <listitem> |
---|
635 | <para>Asks the user about the location of the |
---|
636 | system and reports the corresponding time zone description</para> |
---|
637 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect"> |
---|
638 | <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary> |
---|
639 | </indexterm> |
---|
640 | </listitem> |
---|
641 | </varlistentry> |
---|
642 | |
---|
643 | <varlistentry id="xtrace"> |
---|
644 | <term><command>xtrace</command></term> |
---|
645 | <listitem> |
---|
646 | <para>Traces the execution of a program by |
---|
647 | printing the currently executed function</para> |
---|
648 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace"> |
---|
649 | <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary> |
---|
650 | </indexterm> |
---|
651 | </listitem> |
---|
652 | </varlistentry> |
---|
653 | |
---|
654 | <varlistentry id="zdump"> |
---|
655 | <term><command>zdump</command></term> |
---|
656 | <listitem> |
---|
657 | <para>The time zone dumper</para> |
---|
658 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump"> |
---|
659 | <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary> |
---|
660 | </indexterm> |
---|
661 | </listitem> |
---|
662 | </varlistentry> |
---|
663 | |
---|
664 | <varlistentry id="zic"> |
---|
665 | <term><command>zic</command></term> |
---|
666 | <listitem> |
---|
667 | <para>The time zone compiler</para> |
---|
668 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic"> |
---|
669 | <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary> |
---|
670 | </indexterm> |
---|
671 | </listitem> |
---|
672 | </varlistentry> |
---|
673 | |
---|
674 | <varlistentry id="ld.so"> |
---|
675 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld.so</filename></term> |
---|
676 | <listitem> |
---|
677 | <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para> |
---|
678 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so"> |
---|
679 | <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld.so</primary> |
---|
680 | </indexterm> |
---|
681 | </listitem> |
---|
682 | </varlistentry> |
---|
683 | |
---|
684 | <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale"> |
---|
685 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term> |
---|
686 | <listitem> |
---|
687 | <para>Used by programs, such as Mozilla, to solve broken locales</para> |
---|
688 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale"> |
---|
689 | <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary> |
---|
690 | </indexterm> |
---|
691 | </listitem> |
---|
692 | </varlistentry> |
---|
693 | |
---|
694 | <varlistentry id="libSegFault"> |
---|
695 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libSegFault</filename></term> |
---|
696 | <listitem> |
---|
697 | <para>The segmentation fault signal handler</para> |
---|
698 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libSegFault"> |
---|
699 | <primary sortas="c-libSegFault">libSegFault</primary> |
---|
700 | </indexterm> |
---|
701 | </listitem> |
---|
702 | </varlistentry> |
---|
703 | |
---|
704 | <varlistentry id="libanl"> |
---|
705 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term> |
---|
706 | <listitem> |
---|
707 | <para>An asynchronous name lookup library</para> |
---|
708 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl"> |
---|
709 | <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary> |
---|
710 | </indexterm> |
---|
711 | </listitem> |
---|
712 | </varlistentry> |
---|
713 | |
---|
714 | <varlistentry id="libc"> |
---|
715 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term> |
---|
716 | <listitem> |
---|
717 | <para>The main C library</para> |
---|
718 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc"> |
---|
719 | <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary> |
---|
720 | </indexterm> |
---|
721 | </listitem> |
---|
722 | </varlistentry> |
---|
723 | |
---|
724 | <varlistentry id="libcidn"> |
---|
725 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcidn</filename></term> |
---|
726 | <listitem> |
---|
727 | <para>Used internally by Glibc for handling internationalized domain |
---|
728 | names in the <function>getaddrinfo()</function> function</para> |
---|
729 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcidn"> |
---|
730 | <primary sortas="c-libcidn">libcidn</primary> |
---|
731 | </indexterm> |
---|
732 | </listitem> |
---|
733 | </varlistentry> |
---|
734 | |
---|
735 | <varlistentry id="libcrypt"> |
---|
736 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcrypt</filename></term> |
---|
737 | <listitem> |
---|
738 | <para>The cryptography library</para> |
---|
739 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt"> |
---|
740 | <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary> |
---|
741 | </indexterm> |
---|
742 | </listitem> |
---|
743 | </varlistentry> |
---|
744 | |
---|
745 | <varlistentry id="libdl"> |
---|
746 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term> |
---|
747 | <listitem> |
---|
748 | <para>The dynamic linking interface library</para> |
---|
749 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl"> |
---|
750 | <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary> |
---|
751 | </indexterm> |
---|
752 | </listitem> |
---|
753 | </varlistentry> |
---|
754 | |
---|
755 | <varlistentry id="libg"> |
---|
756 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term> |
---|
757 | <listitem> |
---|
758 | <para>A runtime library for <command>g++</command></para> |
---|
759 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg"> |
---|
760 | <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary> |
---|
761 | </indexterm> |
---|
762 | </listitem> |
---|
763 | </varlistentry> |
---|
764 | |
---|
765 | <varlistentry id="libieee"> |
---|
766 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libieee</filename></term> |
---|
767 | <listitem> |
---|
768 | <para>The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) |
---|
769 | floating point library</para> |
---|
770 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libieee"> |
---|
771 | <primary sortas="c-libieee">libieee</primary> |
---|
772 | </indexterm> |
---|
773 | </listitem> |
---|
774 | </varlistentry> |
---|
775 | |
---|
776 | <varlistentry id="libm"> |
---|
777 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term> |
---|
778 | <listitem> |
---|
779 | <para>The mathematical library</para> |
---|
780 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm"> |
---|
781 | <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary> |
---|
782 | </indexterm> |
---|
783 | </listitem> |
---|
784 | </varlistentry> |
---|
785 | |
---|
786 | <varlistentry id="libmcheck"> |
---|
787 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term> |
---|
788 | <listitem> |
---|
789 | <para>Contains code run at boot</para> |
---|
790 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck"> |
---|
791 | <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary> |
---|
792 | </indexterm> |
---|
793 | </listitem> |
---|
794 | </varlistentry> |
---|
795 | |
---|
796 | <varlistentry id="libmemusage"> |
---|
797 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term> |
---|
798 | <listitem> |
---|
799 | <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> (included in Glibc, but |
---|
800 | not built in a base CLFS system as it has additional dependencies) |
---|
801 | to help collect information about the memory usage of a program</para> |
---|
802 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage"> |
---|
803 | <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary> |
---|
804 | </indexterm> |
---|
805 | </listitem> |
---|
806 | </varlistentry> |
---|
807 | |
---|
808 | <varlistentry id="libnsl"> |
---|
809 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term> |
---|
810 | <listitem> |
---|
811 | <para>The network services library</para> |
---|
812 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl"> |
---|
813 | <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary> |
---|
814 | </indexterm> |
---|
815 | </listitem> |
---|
816 | </varlistentry> |
---|
817 | |
---|
818 | <varlistentry id="libnss"> |
---|
819 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss</filename></term> |
---|
820 | <listitem> |
---|
821 | <para>The Name Service Switch libraries, containing functions for |
---|
822 | resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services, |
---|
823 | protocols, etc.</para> |
---|
824 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss"> |
---|
825 | <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss</primary> |
---|
826 | </indexterm> |
---|
827 | </listitem> |
---|
828 | </varlistentry> |
---|
829 | |
---|
830 | <varlistentry id="libpcprofile"> |
---|
831 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpcprofile</filename></term> |
---|
832 | <listitem> |
---|
833 | <para>Contains profiling functions used to track the amount of CPU |
---|
834 | time spent in specific source code lines</para> |
---|
835 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile"> |
---|
836 | <primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary> |
---|
837 | </indexterm> |
---|
838 | </listitem> |
---|
839 | </varlistentry> |
---|
840 | |
---|
841 | <varlistentry id="libpthread"> |
---|
842 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term> |
---|
843 | <listitem> |
---|
844 | <para>The POSIX threads library</para> |
---|
845 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread"> |
---|
846 | <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary> |
---|
847 | </indexterm> |
---|
848 | </listitem> |
---|
849 | </varlistentry> |
---|
850 | |
---|
851 | <varlistentry id="libresolv"> |
---|
852 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term> |
---|
853 | <listitem> |
---|
854 | <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting |
---|
855 | packets to the Internet domain name servers</para> |
---|
856 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv"> |
---|
857 | <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary> |
---|
858 | </indexterm> |
---|
859 | </listitem> |
---|
860 | </varlistentry> |
---|
861 | |
---|
862 | <varlistentry id="librpcsvc"> |
---|
863 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">librpcsvc</filename></term> |
---|
864 | <listitem> |
---|
865 | <para>Contains functions providing miscellaneous RPC services</para> |
---|
866 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librpcsvc"> |
---|
867 | <primary sortas="c-librpcsvc">librpcsvc</primary> |
---|
868 | </indexterm> |
---|
869 | </listitem> |
---|
870 | </varlistentry> |
---|
871 | |
---|
872 | <varlistentry id="librt"> |
---|
873 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term> |
---|
874 | <listitem> |
---|
875 | <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified by |
---|
876 | the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension</para> |
---|
877 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt"> |
---|
878 | <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary> |
---|
879 | </indexterm> |
---|
880 | </listitem> |
---|
881 | </varlistentry> |
---|
882 | |
---|
883 | <varlistentry id="libthread_db"> |
---|
884 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term> |
---|
885 | <listitem> |
---|
886 | <para>Contains functions useful for |
---|
887 | building debuggers for multi-threaded programs</para> |
---|
888 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db"> |
---|
889 | <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary> |
---|
890 | </indexterm> |
---|
891 | </listitem> |
---|
892 | </varlistentry> |
---|
893 | |
---|
894 | <varlistentry id="libutil"> |
---|
895 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term> |
---|
896 | <listitem> |
---|
897 | <para>Contains code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in |
---|
898 | many different Unix utilities</para> |
---|
899 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil"> |
---|
900 | <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary> |
---|
901 | </indexterm> |
---|
902 | </listitem> |
---|
903 | </varlistentry> |
---|
904 | |
---|
905 | </variablelist> |
---|
906 | |
---|
907 | </sect2> |
---|
908 | |
---|
909 | </sect1> |
---|