source: BOOK/final-system/common/glibc.xml @ a091ee2

systemd
Last change on this file since a091ee2 was a091ee2, checked in by Chris Staub <chris@…>, 8 years ago

Update to Glibc installed directory list
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 34.7 KB
Line 
1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5  %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
9  <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
10
11  <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
12
13  <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
14    <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
15  </indexterm>
16
17  <sect2 role="package">
18    <title/>
19
20    <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
21    the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
22    closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
23    arithmetic, and so on.</para>
24
25  </sect2>
26
27  <sect2 role="installation">
28    <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
29
30    <note os="z">
31      <para>Some packages outside of CLFS suggest installing GNU libiconv in
32      order to translate data from one encoding to another. The project's
33      home page (<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/"/>) says
34      <quote>This library provides an <function>iconv()</function>
35      implementation, for use on systems which don't have one, or whose
36      implementation cannot convert from/to Unicode.</quote> Glibc provides
37      an <function>iconv()</function> implementation and can convert from/to
38      Unicode, therefore libiconv is not required on a CLFS system.</para>
39    </note>
40
41    <para os="l1">At the end of the installation, the build system will run
42    a sanity test to make sure everything installed properly. This script
43    performs its tests by attempting to compile test programs against certain
44    libraries. However it does not specify the path to
45    <filename class="libraryfile">ld.so</filename>, and our toolchain
46    is still configured to use the one in
47    <filename class="directory">/tools</filename>. The following set of
48    commands will force the script to use the complete path of the new
49    <filename class="libraryfile">ld.so</filename> that was just installed:</para>
50
51<screen os="l2"><userinput>LINKER=$(readelf -l /tools/bin/bash | sed -n 's@.*interpret.*/tools\(.*\)]$@\1@p')
52sed -i "s|libs -o|libs -L/usr/lib -Wl,-dynamic-linker=${LINKER} -o|" \
53  scripts/test-installation.pl
54unset LINKER</userinput></screen>
55
56    <para os="b">The Glibc build system is self-contained and will install
57    perfectly, even though the compiler specs file and linker are still
58    pointing at <filename class="directory">/tools</filename>. The specs
59    and linker cannot be adjusted before the Glibc install because the
60    Glibc Autoconf tests would give false results and defeat the goal
61    of achieving a clean build.</para>
62
63    <para os="e">The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc outside of     the source directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
64
65<screen os="f"><userinput>mkdir -v ../glibc-build
66cd ../glibc-build</userinput></screen>
67
68    <para os="g">Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
69
70<screen os="h"><userinput>../glibc-&glibc-version;/configure --prefix=/usr \
71    --disable-profile --enable-kernel=&glibc-kernel-version; --libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc \
72    --enable-obsolete-rpc</userinput></screen>
73
74    <variablelist os="i">
75      <title>The meaning of the new configure option:</title>
76
77      <varlistentry>
78        <term><parameter>--libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc</parameter></term>
79        <listitem>
80          <para>This changes the location for hard links to the
81          <command>getconf</command> utility from their default of <filename
82          class="directory">/usr/libexec</filename> to <filename
83          class="directory">/usr/lib/glibc</filename>.</para>
84        </listitem>
85      </varlistentry>
86    </variablelist>
87
88    <para os="j">Compile the package:</para>
89
90<screen os="k"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
91
92    <important os="l">
93      <para>Due to Glibc's critical role in a properly functioning system,
94      the CLFS developers strongly recommend running the testsuite.</para>
95    </important>
96
97    <para os="m">Use the following commands to run the test suite and output
98    any test failures:</para>
99
100<!-- items n,o,p no longer the master, use x86_64 which has no failures -->
101
102<screen os="n"><userinput remap="test">make check</userinput></screen>
103
104    <para os="o">The Glibc test suite is highly dependent on certain functions of
105    the host system, in particular the kernel. The <emphasis>posix/annexc</emphasis> and
106    <emphasis>conform/run-conformtest</emphasis> tests normally fail
107    and you should see <literal>Error 1 (ignored)</literal> in the output. Apart
108    from this, the Glibc test suite is always expected to pass. However, in certain
109    circumstances, some failures are unavoidable. If a test fails because of a missing
110    program (or missing symbolic link), or a segfault, you will see an error code
111    greater than 127 and the details will be in the log. More commonly, tests will
112    fail with <literal>Error 2</literal> - for these, the contents of the corresponding
113    <filename>.out</filename> file, e.g. <filename>posix/annexc.out</filename> may be
114    informative. Here is a list of the most common issues:</para>
115
116    <itemizedlist os="p">
117      <listitem>
118        <para>The <emphasis>nptl/tst-clock2</emphasis>,
119        <emphasis>nptl/tst-attr3</emphasis>,
120        <emphasis>tst/tst-cputimer1</emphasis>, and
121        <emphasis>rt/tst-cpuclock2</emphasis>
122        tests have been known to fail.  The
123        reason is not completely understood, but indications are that minor
124        timing issues can trigger these failures.</para>
125      </listitem>
126      <listitem>
127        <para>The <emphasis>math</emphasis> tests sometimes fail.
128        Certain optimization settings are known to be a
129        factor here.</para>
130      </listitem>
131      <listitem>
132        <para>If you have mounted the CLFS partition with the
133        <parameter>noatime</parameter> option, the <emphasis>atime</emphasis> test
134        will fail. As mentioned in <xref linkend="ch-partitioning-mounting"/>,
135        do not use the <parameter>noatime</parameter> option while building
136        CLFS.</para>
137      </listitem>
138      <listitem>
139        <para>When running on older and slower hardware, some tests
140        can fail because of test timeouts being exceeded.
141        Modifying the make check command to set a TIMEOUTFACTOR is reported to
142        help eliminate these errors (e.g. <command>TIMEOUTFACTOR=16
143        make -k check</command>).</para>
144      </listitem>
145      <listitem>
146        <para>posix/tst-getaddrinfo4 will always fail due to not having a network
147        connection when the test is run.</para>
148      </listitem>
149    </itemizedlist>
150
151    <para os="q">Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
152    complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
153    Prevent this warning with:</para>
154
155<screen os="r"><userinput>touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
156
157    <para os="s">Install the package, and remove unneeded files from
158    <filename class="directory">/usr/include/rpcsvc</filename>:</para>
159
160<screen os="t"><userinput>make install &amp;&amp;
161rm -v /usr/include/rpcsvc/*.x</userinput></screen>
162
163    <para os="u">Install the configuration file and runtime directory for
164    <command>nscd</command>:</para>
165
166<screen os="v"><userinput>cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/nscd/nscd.conf /etc/nscd.conf
167mkdir -pv /var/cache/nscd</userinput></screen>
168
169    <para os="w">Install the systemd support files for <command>nscd</command>:</para>
170
171<screen os="x"><userinput>install -v -Dm644 ../glibc-&glibc-version;/nscd/nscd.tmpfiles /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/nscd.conf
172install -v -Dm644 ../glibc-&glibc-version;/nscd/nscd.service /lib/systemd/system/nscd.service</userinput></screen>
173
174  </sect2>
175
176  <sect2 id="i18n-glibc" role="configuration">
177    <title>Internationalization</title>
178
179    <para>The locales that can make the system respond in a different
180    language were not installed by the above command. Install them
181    with:</para>
182
183<screen><userinput>make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
184
185    <para>To save time, an alternative to running the previous command (which
186    generates and installs every locale listed in the
187    <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file) is
188    to install only those locales that are wanted and needed. This can be
189    achieved by using the <command>localedef</command> command. Information on
190    this command is located in the <filename>INSTALL</filename> file in the
191    Glibc source. However, there are a number of locales that are essential in
192    order for the tests of future packages to pass, in particular, the
193    <emphasis>libstdc++</emphasis> tests from GCC. The following instructions,
194    instead of the <parameter>install-locales</parameter> target used above,
195    will install the minimum set of locales necessary for the tests to run
196    successfully:</para>
197
198<screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
199localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
200localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
201localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
202localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
203localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
204localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
205localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
206localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
207localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
208localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
209localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
210localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP</userinput></screen>
211
212    <para>Some locales installed by the <command>make
213    localedata/install-locales</command> command above are not properly
214    supported by some applications that are in CLFS and CBLFS. Because
215    of the various problems that arise due to application programmers making
216    assumptions that break in such locales, CLFS should not be used in locales
217    that utilize multibyte character sets (including UTF-8) or right-to-left
218    writing order.  Numerous unofficial and unstable patches are required to
219    fix these problems, and it has been decided by the CLFS developers not to
220    support such complex locales at this time. This applies to the ja_JP and
221    fa_IR locales as well&mdash;they have been installed only for GCC and
222    Gettext tests to pass, and the <command>watch</command> program (part of
223    the Procps-ng package) does not work properly in them. Various attempts to
224    circumvent these restrictions are documented in internationalization-related
225    hints.</para>
226
227  </sect2>
228
229  <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
230    <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
231
232    <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
233      <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
234    </indexterm>
235
236    <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
237      <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
238    </indexterm>
239
240    <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
241    because, although Glibc provides defaults when this file is missing or
242    corrupt, the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment.
243    The time zone also needs to be configured.</para>
244
245    <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running
246    the following:</para>
247
248<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
249<literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
250
251passwd: files
252group: files
253shadow: files
254
255hosts: files dns
256networks: files
257
258protocols: files
259services: files
260ethers: files
261rpc: files
262
263# End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
264EOF</userinput></screen>
265
266    <para>Install timezone data:</para>
267<screen><userinput>tar -xf ../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz
268
269ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo
270mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right}
271
272for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica  \
273          asia australasia backward pacificnew systemv; do
274    zic -L /dev/null   -d $ZONEINFO       -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
275    zic -L /dev/null   -d $ZONEINFO/posix -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
276    zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
277done
278
279cp -v zone.tab zone1970.tab iso3166.tab $ZONEINFO
280zic -d $ZONEINFO -p America/New_York
281unset ZONEINFO</userinput></screen>
282
283    <variablelist>
284      <title>The meaning of the zic commands:</title>
285
286      <varlistentry>
287        <term><parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter></term>
288        <listitem>
289          <para>This creates posix timezones, without any leap seconds.  It is
290          conventional to put these in both
291          <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> and
292          <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename>. It is
293          necessary to put the POSIX timezones in
294          <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>, otherwise various
295          test-suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is
296          tight and you do not intend to ever update the timezones, you could save
297          1.9MB by not using the <filename class="directory">posix</filename>
298          directory, but some applications or test-suites might give less good
299          results</para>
300        </listitem>
301      </varlistentry>
302      <varlistentry>
303        <term><parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter></term>
304        <listitem>
305          <para>This creates right timezones, including leap seconds. On an
306          embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to
307          ever update the timezones, or care about the correct time, you could
308          save 1.9MB by omitting the <filename class="directory">right</filename>
309          directory.</para>
310        </listitem>
311      </varlistentry>
312      <varlistentry>
313        <term><parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter></term>
314        <listitem>
315          <para>This creates the <filename>posixrules</filename> file. We use
316          New York because POSIX requires the daylight savings time rules
317          to be in accordance with US rules.</para>
318        </listitem>
319      </varlistentry>
320    </variablelist>
321
322    <para>To determine the local time zone, run the following script:</para>
323
324<screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
325
326    <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
327    output the name of the time zone (e.g., <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> or
328    <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis>). Then create the
329    <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by running:</para>
330
331<screen><userinput>cp -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>[xxx]</replaceable> \
332    /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
333
334    <para>Replace <replaceable>[xxx]</replaceable> with the name of the time zone
335    that <command>tzselect</command> provided (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
336
337  </sect2>
338
339  <sect2 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
340    <title>Configuring The Dynamic Loader</title>
341
342    <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
343      <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
344    </indexterm>
345
346    <para os="ld-a">By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
347    class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
348    <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and <filename
349    class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries that are
350    needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in
351    directories other than <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and
352    <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be
353    added to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order
354    for the dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly
355    known to contain additional libraries are <filename
356    class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
357    class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
358    dynamic loader's search path.</para>
359
360    <para os="ld-b">Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
361    following:</para>
362
363<screen os="ld-c"><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
364<literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
365
366/usr/local/lib
367/opt/lib
368
369# End /etc/ld.so.conf</literal>
370EOF</userinput></screen>
371
372  </sect2>
373
374  <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
375    <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
376
377    <segmentedlist>
378      <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
379      <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
380      <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
381
382      <seglistitem>
383        <seg>catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
384        ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, makedb, mtrace, nscd,
385        pcprofiledump, pldd, rpcgen, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
386        zdump, zic</seg>
387        <seg>ld.so, libBrokenLocale.[a,so], libSegFault.so, libanl.[a,so],
388        libc.[a,so], libc_nonshared.a, libcidn.[a,so], libcrypt.[a,so],
389        libdl.[a,so], libg.a, libieee.a, libm.[a,so], libmcheck.a,
390        libmemusage.so, libnsl.a, libnss_compat.so, libnss_dns.so,
391        libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so, libnss_nis.so, libnss_nisplus.so,
392        libpcprofile.so, libpthread.[a,so], libpthread_nonshared.a,
393        libresolv.[a,so], librpcsvc.a, librt.[a,so], libthread_db.so,
394        libutil.[a,so]</seg>
395        <seg>/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu,
396        /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk,
397        /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet,
398        /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket,
399        /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs,
400        /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc, /usr/include/rpcsvc,
401        /usr/include/scsi, /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv,
402        /usr/lib/glibc, /usr/lib/locale, /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo,
403        /var/cache/ldconfig, /var/cache/nscd</seg>
404      </seglistitem>
405    </segmentedlist>
406
407    <variablelist>
408      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
409      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
410      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
411
412      <varlistentry id="catchsegv">
413        <term><command>catchsegv</command></term>
414        <listitem>
415          <para>Can be used to create a stack trace when a program
416          terminates with a segmentation fault</para>
417          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc catchsegv">
418            <primary sortas="b-catchsegv">catchsegv</primary>
419          </indexterm>
420        </listitem>
421      </varlistentry>
422
423      <varlistentry id="gencat">
424        <term><command>gencat</command></term>
425        <listitem>
426          <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
427          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
428            <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
429          </indexterm>
430        </listitem>
431      </varlistentry>
432
433      <varlistentry id="getconf">
434        <term><command>getconf</command></term>
435        <listitem>
436          <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system specific
437          variables</para>
438          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
439            <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
440          </indexterm>
441        </listitem>
442      </varlistentry>
443
444      <varlistentry id="getent">
445        <term><command>getent</command></term>
446        <listitem>
447          <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
448          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
449            <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
450          </indexterm>
451        </listitem>
452      </varlistentry>
453
454      <varlistentry id="iconv">
455        <term><command>iconv</command></term>
456        <listitem>
457          <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
458          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
459            <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
460          </indexterm>
461        </listitem>
462      </varlistentry>
463
464      <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
465        <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
466        <listitem>
467          <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
468          files</para>
469          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
470            <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
471          </indexterm>
472        </listitem>
473      </varlistentry>
474
475      <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
476        <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
477        <listitem>
478          <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
479          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
480            <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
481          </indexterm>
482        </listitem>
483      </varlistentry>
484
485      <varlistentry id="ldd">
486        <term><command>ldd</command></term>
487        <listitem>
488          <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
489          by each given program or shared library</para>
490          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
491            <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
492          </indexterm>
493        </listitem>
494      </varlistentry>
495
496      <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
497        <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
498        <listitem>
499          <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files</para>
500          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
501            <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
502          </indexterm>
503        </listitem>
504      </varlistentry>
505
506      <varlistentry id="locale">
507        <term><command>locale</command></term>
508        <listitem>
509          <para>Tells the compiler to enable or disable the use of POSIX locales
510          for built-in operations</para>
511          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
512            <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
513          </indexterm>
514        </listitem>
515      </varlistentry>
516
517      <varlistentry id="localedef">
518        <term><command>localedef</command></term>
519        <listitem>
520          <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
521          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
522            <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
523          </indexterm>
524        </listitem>
525      </varlistentry>
526
527      <varlistentry id="makedb">
528        <term><command>makedb</command></term>
529        <listitem>
530          <para>Creates a simple database from textual input</para>
531          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc makedb">
532            <primary sortas="b-makedb">makedb</primary>
533          </indexterm>
534        </listitem>
535      </varlistentry>
536
537      <varlistentry id="mtrace">
538        <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
539        <listitem>
540          <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and
541          displays a summary in human-readable format</para>
542          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
543            <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
544          </indexterm>
545        </listitem>
546      </varlistentry>
547
548      <varlistentry id="nscd">
549        <term><command>nscd</command></term>
550        <listitem>
551          <para>A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
552          service requests</para>
553          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd">
554            <primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary>
555          </indexterm>
556        </listitem>
557      </varlistentry>
558
559      <varlistentry id="pcprofiledump">
560        <term><command>pcprofiledump</command></term>
561        <listitem>
562          <para>Dumps information generated by PC profiling</para>
563          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump">
564            <primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary>
565          </indexterm>
566        </listitem>
567      </varlistentry>
568
569      <varlistentry id="pldd">
570        <term><command>pldd</command></term>
571        <listitem>
572          <para>Lists dynamic shared objects used by running processes</para>
573          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pldd">
574            <primary sortas="b-pldd">pldd</primary>
575          </indexterm>
576        </listitem>
577      </varlistentry>
578
579      <varlistentry id="rpcgen">
580        <term><command>rpcgen</command></term>
581        <listitem>
582          <para>Generates C code to implement the Remote Procecure Call (RPC)
583          protocol</para>
584          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc rpcgen">
585            <primary sortas="b-rpcgen">rpcgen</primary>
586          </indexterm>
587        </listitem>
588      </varlistentry>
589
590      <varlistentry id="sln">
591        <term><command>sln</command></term>
592        <listitem>
593          <para>A statically linked program that creates symbolic links</para>
594          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
595            <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
596          </indexterm>
597        </listitem>
598      </varlistentry>
599
600      <varlistentry id="sotruss">
601        <term><command>sotruss</command></term>
602        <listitem>
603          <para>Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified command</para>
604          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sotruss">
605            <primary sortas="b-sotruss">sotruss</primary>
606          </indexterm>
607        </listitem>
608      </varlistentry>
609
610      <varlistentry id="sprof">
611        <term><command>sprof</command></term>
612        <listitem>
613          <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
614          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
615            <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
616          </indexterm>
617        </listitem>
618      </varlistentry>
619
620      <varlistentry id="tzselect">
621        <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
622        <listitem>
623          <para>Asks the user about the location of the
624          system and reports the corresponding time zone description</para>
625          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
626            <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
627          </indexterm>
628        </listitem>
629      </varlistentry>
630
631      <varlistentry id="xtrace">
632        <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
633        <listitem>
634          <para>Traces the execution of a program by
635          printing the currently executed function</para>
636          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
637            <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
638          </indexterm>
639        </listitem>
640      </varlistentry>
641
642      <varlistentry id="zdump">
643        <term><command>zdump</command></term>
644        <listitem>
645          <para>The time zone dumper</para>
646          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
647            <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
648          </indexterm>
649        </listitem>
650      </varlistentry>
651
652      <varlistentry id="zic">
653        <term><command>zic</command></term>
654        <listitem>
655          <para>The time zone compiler</para>
656          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
657            <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
658          </indexterm>
659        </listitem>
660      </varlistentry>
661
662      <varlistentry id="ld.so">
663        <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld.so</filename></term>
664        <listitem>
665          <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
666          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
667            <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld.so</primary>
668          </indexterm>
669        </listitem>
670      </varlistentry>
671
672      <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
673        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
674        <listitem>
675          <para>Used by programs, such as Mozilla, to solve broken locales</para>
676          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
677            <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
678          </indexterm>
679        </listitem>
680      </varlistentry>
681
682      <varlistentry id="libSegFault">
683        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libSegFault</filename></term>
684        <listitem>
685          <para>The segmentation fault signal handler</para>
686          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libSegFault">
687            <primary sortas="c-libSegFault">libSegFault</primary>
688          </indexterm>
689        </listitem>
690      </varlistentry>
691
692      <varlistentry id="libanl">
693        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
694        <listitem>
695          <para>An asynchronous name lookup library</para>
696          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
697            <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
698          </indexterm>
699        </listitem>
700      </varlistentry>
701
702      <varlistentry id="libc">
703        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
704        <listitem>
705          <para>The main C library</para>
706          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
707            <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
708          </indexterm>
709        </listitem>
710      </varlistentry>
711
712      <varlistentry id="libcidn">
713        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcidn</filename></term>
714        <listitem>
715          <para>Used internally by Glibc for handling internationalized domain
716          names in the <function>getaddrinfo()</function> function</para>
717          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcidn">
718            <primary sortas="c-libcidn">libcidn</primary>
719          </indexterm>
720        </listitem>
721      </varlistentry>
722
723      <varlistentry id="libcrypt">
724        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcrypt</filename></term>
725        <listitem>
726          <para>The cryptography library</para>
727          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt">
728            <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary>
729          </indexterm>
730        </listitem>
731      </varlistentry>
732
733      <varlistentry id="libdl">
734        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
735        <listitem>
736          <para>The dynamic linking interface library</para>
737          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
738            <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
739          </indexterm>
740        </listitem>
741      </varlistentry>
742
743      <varlistentry id="libg">
744        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
745        <listitem>
746          <para>A runtime library for <command>g++</command></para>
747          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
748            <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
749          </indexterm>
750        </listitem>
751      </varlistentry>
752
753      <varlistentry id="libieee">
754        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libieee</filename></term>
755        <listitem>
756          <para>The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
757          floating point library</para>
758          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libieee">
759            <primary sortas="c-libieee">libieee</primary>
760          </indexterm>
761        </listitem>
762      </varlistentry>
763
764      <varlistentry id="libm">
765        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
766        <listitem>
767          <para>The mathematical library</para>
768          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
769            <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
770          </indexterm>
771        </listitem>
772      </varlistentry>
773
774      <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
775        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
776        <listitem>
777          <para>Contains code run at boot</para>
778          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
779            <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
780          </indexterm>
781        </listitem>
782      </varlistentry>
783
784      <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
785        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
786        <listitem>
787          <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> (included in Glibc, but
788          not built in a base CLFS system as it has additional dependencies)
789          to help collect information about the memory usage of a program</para>
790          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
791            <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
792          </indexterm>
793        </listitem>
794      </varlistentry>
795
796      <varlistentry id="libnsl">
797        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
798        <listitem>
799          <para>The network services library</para>
800          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
801            <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
802          </indexterm>
803        </listitem>
804      </varlistentry>
805
806      <varlistentry id="libnss">
807        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss</filename></term>
808        <listitem>
809          <para>The Name Service Switch libraries, containing functions for
810          resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
811          protocols, etc.</para>
812          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
813            <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss</primary>
814          </indexterm>
815        </listitem>
816      </varlistentry>
817
818      <varlistentry id="libpcprofile">
819        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpcprofile</filename></term>
820        <listitem>
821          <para>Contains profiling functions used to track the amount of CPU
822          time spent in specific source code lines</para>
823          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile">
824            <primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary>
825          </indexterm>
826        </listitem>
827      </varlistentry>
828
829      <varlistentry id="libpthread">
830        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
831        <listitem>
832          <para>The POSIX threads library</para>
833          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
834            <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
835          </indexterm>
836        </listitem>
837      </varlistentry>
838
839      <varlistentry id="libresolv">
840        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
841        <listitem>
842          <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
843          packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
844          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
845            <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
846          </indexterm>
847        </listitem>
848      </varlistentry>
849
850      <varlistentry id="librpcsvc">
851        <term><filename class="libraryfile">librpcsvc</filename></term>
852        <listitem>
853          <para>Contains functions providing miscellaneous RPC services</para>
854          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librpcsvc">
855            <primary sortas="c-librpcsvc">librpcsvc</primary>
856          </indexterm>
857        </listitem>
858      </varlistentry>
859
860      <varlistentry id="librt">
861        <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
862        <listitem>
863          <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified by
864          the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension</para>
865          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
866            <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
867          </indexterm>
868        </listitem>
869      </varlistentry>
870
871      <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
872        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
873        <listitem>
874          <para>Contains functions useful for
875          building debuggers for multi-threaded programs</para>
876          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
877            <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
878          </indexterm>
879        </listitem>
880      </varlistentry>
881
882      <varlistentry id="libutil">
883        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
884        <listitem>
885          <para>Contains code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
886          many different Unix utilities</para>
887          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
888            <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
889          </indexterm>
890        </listitem>
891      </varlistentry>
892
893    </variablelist>
894
895  </sect2>
896
897</sect1>
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