source: BOOK/final-system/common/glibc.xml @ c361299

systemd
Last change on this file since c361299 was c361299, checked in by William Harrington <kb0iic@…>, 9 years ago

Fix a version issue.

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[3f8be484]1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
[aa18ac0]2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
[3f8be484]4  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5  %general-entities;
6]>
7
[cbbd1e4]8<sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
9  <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
[3f8be484]10
[d785e9d]11  <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
[3f8be484]12
[cbbd1e4]13  <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
[d785e9d]14    <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
[3f8be484]15  </indexterm>
16
17  <sect2 role="package">
18    <title/>
19
[d785e9d]20    <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
[3f8be484]21    the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
22    closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
23    arithmetic, and so on.</para>
24
25  </sect2>
26
27  <sect2 role="installation">
[d785e9d]28    <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
[3f8be484]29
30    <note os="z">
[a1fb12f]31      <para>Some packages outside of CLFS suggest installing GNU libiconv in
[3f8be484]32      order to translate data from one encoding to another. The project's
33      home page (<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/"/>) says
34      <quote>This library provides an <function>iconv()</function>
35      implementation, for use on systems which don't have one, or whose
[d785e9d]36      implementation cannot convert from/to Unicode.</quote> Glibc provides
[3f8be484]37      an <function>iconv()</function> implementation and can convert from/to
[a1fb12f]38      Unicode, therefore libiconv is not required on a CLFS system.</para>
[3f8be484]39    </note>
40
[22cd957]41    <para os="l1">At the end of the installation, the build system will run
[0646479]42    a sanity test to make sure everything installed properly. This script
43    performs its tests by attempting to compile test programs against certain
44    libraries. However it does not specify the path to
45    <filename class="libraryfile">ld.so</filename>, and our toolchain
[1393767]46    is still configured to use the one in
47    <filename class="directory">/tools</filename>. The following set of
48    commands will force the script to use the complete path of the new
49    <filename class="libraryfile">ld.so</filename> that was just installed:</para>
[22cd957]50
[0646479]51<screen os="l2"><userinput>LINKER=$(readelf -l /tools/bin/bash | sed -n 's@.*interpret.*/tools\(.*\)]$@\1@p')
[d8f87e8]52sed -i "s|libs -o|libs -L/usr/lib -Wl,-dynamic-linker=${LINKER} -o|" \
53  scripts/test-installation.pl
54unset LINKER</userinput></screen>
55
[d785e9d]56    <para os="b">The Glibc build system is self-contained and will install
[3f8be484]57    perfectly, even though the compiler specs file and linker are still
58    pointing at <filename class="directory">/tools</filename>. The specs
[d785e9d]59    and linker cannot be adjusted before the Glibc install because the
60    Glibc Autoconf tests would give false results and defeat the goal
[3f8be484]61    of achieving a clean build.</para>
62
[1393767]63    <para os="s1">Apply the following <command>sed</command> so the
64    <command>tzselect</command> script works properly:</para>
[00a58649]65
[bfd8749]66<screen os="s2"><userinput>sed -i 's/\\$$(pwd)/`pwd`/' timezone/Makefile</userinput></screen>
[00a58649]67
[d785e9d]68    <para os="e">The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc outside of     the source directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
[3f8be484]69
[cbbd1e4]70<screen os="f"><userinput>mkdir -v ../glibc-build
71cd ../glibc-build</userinput></screen>
[3f8be484]72
[d785e9d]73    <para os="g">Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
[3f8be484]74
[cbbd1e4]75<screen os="h"><userinput>../glibc-&glibc-version;/configure --prefix=/usr \
[11e2d29]76    --disable-profile --enable-kernel=&glibc-kernel-version; --libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc \
[52ed4da]77    --enable-obsolete-rpc</userinput></screen>
[3f8be484]78
79    <variablelist os="i">
80      <title>The meaning of the new configure option:</title>
81
82      <varlistentry>
[cbbd1e4]83        <term><parameter>--libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc</parameter></term>
[3f8be484]84        <listitem>
[606a758]85          <para>This changes the location for hard links to the
86          <command>getconf</command> utility from their default of <filename
[3f8be484]87          class="directory">/usr/libexec</filename> to <filename
[cbbd1e4]88          class="directory">/usr/lib/glibc</filename>.</para>
[3f8be484]89        </listitem>
90      </varlistentry>
91    </variablelist>
92
93    <para os="j">Compile the package:</para>
94
95<screen os="k"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
96
97    <important os="l">
[d4469fc]98      <para>Due to Glibc's critical role in a properly functioning system,
99      the CLFS developers strongly recommend running the testsuite.</para>
[3f8be484]100    </important>
101
[1b48cb6]102    <para os="m">Use the following commands to run the test suite and output
[37957f4]103    any test failures:</para>
[3f8be484]104
105<!-- items n,o,p no longer the master, use x86_64 which has no failures -->
106
[37957f4]107<screen os="n"><userinput remap="test">make -k check 2&gt;&amp;1 | tee glibc-check-log; grep Error glibc-check-log</userinput></screen>
[3f8be484]108
[d785e9d]109    <para os="o">The Glibc test suite is highly dependent on certain functions of
[767a2a5]110    the host system, in particular the kernel. The <emphasis>posix/annexc</emphasis> and
111    <emphasis>conform/run-conformtest</emphasis> tests normally fail
[10b2850]112    and you should see <literal>Error 1 (ignored)</literal> in the output. Apart
[d785e9d]113    from this, the Glibc test suite is always expected to pass. However, in certain
[10b2850]114    circumstances, some failures are unavoidable. If a test fails because of a missing
115    program (or missing symbolic link), or a segfault, you will see an error code
116    greater than 127 and the details will be in the log. More commonly, tests will
117    fail with <literal>Error 2</literal> - for these, the contents of the corresponding
118    <filename>.out</filename> file, e.g. <filename>posix/annexc.out</filename> may be
119    informative. Here is a list of the most common issues:</para>
[3f8be484]120
121    <itemizedlist os="p">
[767a2a5]122      <listitem>
123        <para>The <emphasis>nptl/tst-clock2</emphasis>,
124        <emphasis>nptl/tst-attr3</emphasis>,
125        <emphasis>tst/tst-cputimer1</emphasis>, and
126        <emphasis>rt/tst-cpuclock2</emphasis>
127        tests have been known to fail.  The
128        reason is not completely understood, but indications are that minor
129        timing issues can trigger these failures.</para>
130      </listitem>
[3f8be484]131      <listitem>
[3514708]132        <para>The <emphasis>math</emphasis> tests sometimes fail.
133        Certain optimization settings are known to be a
134        factor here.</para>
[3f8be484]135      </listitem>
136      <listitem>
[fb40919]137        <para>If you have mounted the CLFS partition with the
[3f8be484]138        <parameter>noatime</parameter> option, the <emphasis>atime</emphasis> test
139        will fail. As mentioned in <xref linkend="ch-partitioning-mounting"/>,
140        do not use the <parameter>noatime</parameter> option while building
[fb40919]141        CLFS.</para>
[3f8be484]142      </listitem>
143      <listitem>
144        <para>When running on older and slower hardware, some tests
[767a2a5]145        can fail because of test timeouts being exceeded.
146        Modifying the make check command to set a TIMEOUTFACTOR is reported to
147        help eliminate these errors (e.g. <command>TIMEOUTFACTOR=16
148        make -k check</command>).</para>
149      </listitem>
150      <listitem>
151        <para>posix/tst-getaddrinfo4 will always fail due to not having a network
152        connection when the test is run.</para>
[3f8be484]153      </listitem>
154    </itemizedlist>
155
[d785e9d]156    <para os="q">Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
[3f8be484]157    complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
158    Prevent this warning with:</para>
159
160<screen os="r"><userinput>touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
161
[e57ce38]162    <para os="s">Install the package, and remove unneeded files from
163    <filename class="directory">/usr/include/rpcsvc</filename>:</para>
[3f8be484]164
[e57ce38]165<screen os="t"><userinput>make install &amp;&amp;
166rm -v /usr/include/rpcsvc/*.x</userinput></screen>
[3f8be484]167
[cf9aa7e]168    <para os="u">Install the configuration file and runtime directory for
[dff9ef7]169    <command>nscd</command>:</para>
[cf9aa7e]170
[9d3e12f]171<screen os="v"><userinput>cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/nscd/nscd.conf /etc/nscd.conf
[cf9aa7e]172mkdir -pv /var/cache/nscd</userinput></screen>
173
[0131d1b]174    <para os="w">Install the systemd support files for <command>nscd</command>:</para>
[cf9aa7e]175
[9d3e12f]176<screen os="x"><userinput>install -v -Dm644 ../glibc-&glibc-version;/nscd/nscd.tmpfiles /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/nscd.conf
[c361299]177install -v -Dm644 ../glibc-&glibc-version;/nscd/nscd.service /lib/systemd/system/nscd.service</userinput></screen>
[cf9aa7e]178
[3f8be484]179  </sect2>
180
[cbbd1e4]181  <sect2 id="i18n-glibc" role="configuration">
[3f8be484]182    <title>Internationalization</title>
183
184    <para>The locales that can make the system respond in a different
[5a321cb]185    language were not installed by the above command. Install them
[3f8be484]186    with:</para>
187
188<screen><userinput>make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
189
190    <para>To save time, an alternative to running the previous command (which
[643f8be]191    generates and installs every locale listed in the
[cbbd1e4]192    <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file) is
[e7aadbe]193    to install only those locales that are wanted and needed. This can be
194    achieved by using the <command>localedef</command> command. Information on
195    this command is located in the <filename>INSTALL</filename> file in the
[d785e9d]196    Glibc source. However, there are a number of locales that are essential in
[e7aadbe]197    order for the tests of future packages to pass, in particular, the
[3f8be484]198    <emphasis>libstdc++</emphasis> tests from GCC. The following instructions,
199    instead of the <parameter>install-locales</parameter> target used above,
200    will install the minimum set of locales necessary for the tests to run
201    successfully:</para>
202
[3a3e135]203<screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
[8a10f1c]204localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
[3f8be484]205localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
206localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
207localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
208localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
209localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
210localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
211localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
212localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
213localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
214localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
215localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP</userinput></screen>
216
217    <para>Some locales installed by the <command>make
218    localedata/install-locales</command> command above are not properly
[e3a8717]219    supported by some applications that are in CLFS and CBLFS. Because
[3f8be484]220    of the various problems that arise due to application programmers making
[fb40919]221    assumptions that break in such locales, CLFS should not be used in locales
[3f8be484]222    that utilize multibyte character sets (including UTF-8) or right-to-left
223    writing order.  Numerous unofficial and unstable patches are required to
[fb40919]224    fix these problems, and it has been decided by the CLFS developers not to
[643f8be]225    support such complex locales at this time. This applies to the ja_JP and
226    fa_IR locales as well&mdash;they have been installed only for GCC and
227    Gettext tests to pass, and the <command>watch</command> program (part of
[8184788]228    the Procps-ng package) does not work properly in them. Various attempts to
[643f8be]229    circumvent these restrictions are documented in internationalization-related
230    hints.</para>
[3f8be484]231
232  </sect2>
233
[cbbd1e4]234  <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
[d785e9d]235    <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
[3f8be484]236
[cbbd1e4]237    <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
[3f8be484]238      <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
239    </indexterm>
240
[cbbd1e4]241    <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
[3f8be484]242      <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
243    </indexterm>
244
245    <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
[d785e9d]246    because, although Glibc provides defaults when this file is missing or
247    corrupt, the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment.
[3f8be484]248    The time zone also needs to be configured.</para>
249
250    <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running
251    the following:</para>
252
253<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
254<literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
255
256passwd: files
257group: files
258shadow: files
259
260hosts: files dns
261networks: files
262
263protocols: files
264services: files
265ethers: files
266rpc: files
267
268# End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
269EOF</userinput></screen>
270
[52ed4da]271    <para>Install timezone data:</para>
272<screen><userinput>tar -xf ../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz
273
274ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo
275mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right}
276
277for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica  \
[6e778c3]278          asia australasia backward pacificnew \
[52ed4da]279          systemv; do
280    zic -L /dev/null   -d $ZONEINFO       -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
281    zic -L /dev/null   -d $ZONEINFO/posix -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
282    zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
283done
284
285cp -v zone.tab iso3166.tab $ZONEINFO
286zic -d $ZONEINFO -p America/New_York
287unset ZONEINFO</userinput></screen>
288
289    <variablelist>
290      <title>The meaning of the zic commands:</title>
291
292      <varlistentry>
293        <term><parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter></term>
294        <listitem>
295          <para>This creates posix timezones, without any leap seconds.  It is
296          conventional to put these in both
297          <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> and
298          <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename>. It is
299          necessary to put the POSIX timezones in
300          <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>, otherwise various
301          test-suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is
302          tight and you do not intend to ever update the timezones, you could save
303          1.9MB by not using the <filename class="directory">posix</filename>
304          directory, but some applications or test-suites might give less good
305          results</para>
306        </listitem>
307      </varlistentry>
308      <varlistentry>
309        <term><parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter></term>
310        <listitem>
311          <para>This creates right timezones, including leap seconds. On an
312          embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to
313          ever update the timezones, or care about the correct time, you could
314          save 1.9MB by omitting the <filename class="directory">right</filename>
315          directory.</para>
316        </listitem>
317      </varlistentry>
318      <varlistentry>
319        <term><parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter></term>
320        <listitem>
321          <para>This creates the <filename>posixrules</filename> file. We use
322          New York because POSIX requires the daylight savings time rules
323          to be in accordance with US rules.</para>
324        </listitem>
325      </varlistentry>
326    </variablelist>
327
[3f8be484]328    <para>To determine the local time zone, run the following script:</para>
329
[0f3854e]330<screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
[3f8be484]331
332    <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
333    output the name of the time zone (e.g., <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> or
334    <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis>). Then create the
335    <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by running:</para>
336
[63cad62f]337<screen><userinput>cp -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>[xxx]</replaceable> \
[3f8be484]338    /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
339
340    <para>Replace <replaceable>[xxx]</replaceable> with the name of the time zone
341    that <command>tzselect</command> provided (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
342
343  </sect2>
344
345  <sect2 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
[0b637f1]346    <title>Configuring The Dynamic Loader</title>
[3f8be484]347
348    <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
349      <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
350    </indexterm>
351
[3998188]352    <para os="ld-a">By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
[3f8be484]353    class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
354    <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and <filename
355    class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries that are
356    needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in
357    directories other than <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and
358    <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be
359    added to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order
360    for the dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly
361    known to contain additional libraries are <filename
362    class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
363    class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
364    dynamic loader's search path.</para>
365
[3998188]366    <para os="ld-b">Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
[3f8be484]367    following:</para>
368
[3998188]369<screen os="ld-c"><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
[3f8be484]370<literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
371
372/usr/local/lib
373/opt/lib
374
375# End /etc/ld.so.conf</literal>
376EOF</userinput></screen>
377
378  </sect2>
379
[cbbd1e4]380  <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
[d785e9d]381    <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
[3f8be484]382
383    <segmentedlist>
384      <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
385      <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
[61ad0b7f]386      <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
[3f8be484]387
388      <seglistitem>
389        <seg>catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
[2b220db9]390        ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, makedb, mtrace, nscd,
[6d3523f]391        pcprofiledump, pldd, rpcgen, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
[f698055a]392        zdump, zic</seg>
[3f8be484]393        <seg>ld.so, libBrokenLocale.[a,so], libSegFault.so, libanl.[a,so],
[aeb5c611]394        libc.[a,so], libc_nonshared.a, libcidn.[a,so], libcrypt.[a,so],
395        libdl.[a,so], libg.a, libieee.a, libm.[a,so], libmcheck.a,
396        libmemusage.so, libnsl.a, libnss_compat.so, libnss_dns.so,
[188b6b2]397        libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so, libnss_nis.so, libnss_nisplus.so,
398        libpcprofile.so, libpthread.[a,so], libpthread_nonshared.a,
[f698055a]399        libresolv.[a,so], librpcsvc.a, librt.[a,so], libthread_db.so,
[3f8be484]400        libutil.[a,so]</seg>
[61ad0b7f]401        <seg>/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu,
402        /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk,
403        /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet,
404        /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket,
405        /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs,
406        /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc, /usr/include/rpcsvc,
[6d3523f]407        /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/glibc, /usr/lib/locale,
[f698055a]408        /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo, /var/cache/ldconfig,
[cf9aa7e]409        /var/cache/nscd</seg>
[3f8be484]410      </seglistitem>
411    </segmentedlist>
412
413    <variablelist>
414      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
415      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
416      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
417
418      <varlistentry id="catchsegv">
419        <term><command>catchsegv</command></term>
420        <listitem>
421          <para>Can be used to create a stack trace when a program
422          terminates with a segmentation fault</para>
[cbbd1e4]423          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc catchsegv">
[3f8be484]424            <primary sortas="b-catchsegv">catchsegv</primary>
425          </indexterm>
426        </listitem>
427      </varlistentry>
428
429      <varlistentry id="gencat">
430        <term><command>gencat</command></term>
431        <listitem>
432          <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
[cbbd1e4]433          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
[3f8be484]434            <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
435          </indexterm>
436        </listitem>
437      </varlistentry>
438
439      <varlistentry id="getconf">
440        <term><command>getconf</command></term>
441        <listitem>
442          <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system specific
443          variables</para>
[cbbd1e4]444          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
[3f8be484]445            <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
446          </indexterm>
447        </listitem>
448      </varlistentry>
449
450      <varlistentry id="getent">
451        <term><command>getent</command></term>
452        <listitem>
453          <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
[cbbd1e4]454          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
[3f8be484]455            <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
456          </indexterm>
457        </listitem>
458      </varlistentry>
459
460      <varlistentry id="iconv">
461        <term><command>iconv</command></term>
462        <listitem>
463          <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
[cbbd1e4]464          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
[3f8be484]465            <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
466          </indexterm>
467        </listitem>
468      </varlistentry>
469
470      <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
471        <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
472        <listitem>
473          <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
474          files</para>
[cbbd1e4]475          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
[3f8be484]476            <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
477          </indexterm>
478        </listitem>
479      </varlistentry>
480
481      <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
482        <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
483        <listitem>
484          <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
[cbbd1e4]485          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
[3f8be484]486            <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
487          </indexterm>
488        </listitem>
489      </varlistentry>
490
491      <varlistentry id="ldd">
492        <term><command>ldd</command></term>
493        <listitem>
494          <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
495          by each given program or shared library</para>
[cbbd1e4]496          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
[3f8be484]497            <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
498          </indexterm>
499        </listitem>
500      </varlistentry>
501
502      <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
503        <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
504        <listitem>
505          <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files</para>
[cbbd1e4]506          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
[3f8be484]507            <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
508          </indexterm>
509        </listitem>
510      </varlistentry>
511
512      <varlistentry id="locale">
513        <term><command>locale</command></term>
514        <listitem>
515          <para>Tells the compiler to enable or disable the use of POSIX locales
516          for built-in operations</para>
[cbbd1e4]517          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
[3f8be484]518            <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
519          </indexterm>
520        </listitem>
521      </varlistentry>
522
523      <varlistentry id="localedef">
524        <term><command>localedef</command></term>
525        <listitem>
526          <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
[cbbd1e4]527          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
[3f8be484]528            <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
529          </indexterm>
530        </listitem>
531      </varlistentry>
532
[2b220db9]533      <varlistentry id="makedb">
534        <term><command>makedb</command></term>
535        <listitem>
536          <para>Creates a simple database from textual input</para>
[cbbd1e4]537          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc makedb">
[2b220db9]538            <primary sortas="b-makedb">makedb</primary>
539          </indexterm>
540        </listitem>
541      </varlistentry>
542
[3f8be484]543      <varlistentry id="mtrace">
544        <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
545        <listitem>
546          <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and
547          displays a summary in human-readable format</para>
[cbbd1e4]548          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
[3f8be484]549            <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
550          </indexterm>
551        </listitem>
552      </varlistentry>
553
554      <varlistentry id="nscd">
555        <term><command>nscd</command></term>
556        <listitem>
557          <para>A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
558          service requests</para>
[cbbd1e4]559          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd">
[3f8be484]560            <primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary>
561          </indexterm>
562        </listitem>
563      </varlistentry>
564
565      <varlistentry id="pcprofiledump">
566        <term><command>pcprofiledump</command></term>
567        <listitem>
568          <para>Dumps information generated by PC profiling</para>
[cbbd1e4]569          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump">
[3f8be484]570            <primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary>
571          </indexterm>
572        </listitem>
573      </varlistentry>
574
[2b220db9]575      <varlistentry id="pldd">
576        <term><command>pldd</command></term>
577        <listitem>
578          <para>Lists dynamic shared objects used by running processes</para>
[cbbd1e4]579          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pldd">
[2b220db9]580            <primary sortas="b-pldd">pldd</primary>
581          </indexterm>
582        </listitem>
583      </varlistentry>
584
[3f8be484]585      <varlistentry id="rpcgen">
586        <term><command>rpcgen</command></term>
587        <listitem>
588          <para>Generates C code to implement the Remote Procecure Call (RPC)
589          protocol</para>
[cbbd1e4]590          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc rpcgen">
[3f8be484]591            <primary sortas="b-rpcgen">rpcgen</primary>
592          </indexterm>
593        </listitem>
594      </varlistentry>
595
596      <varlistentry id="sln">
597        <term><command>sln</command></term>
598        <listitem>
[7087cbc]599          <para>A statically linked program that creates symbolic links</para>
[cbbd1e4]600          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
[3f8be484]601            <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
602          </indexterm>
603        </listitem>
604      </varlistentry>
605
[2b220db9]606      <varlistentry id="sotruss">
607        <term><command>sotruss</command></term>
608        <listitem>
609          <para>Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified command</para>
[cbbd1e4]610          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sotruss">
[2b220db9]611            <primary sortas="b-sotruss">sotruss</primary>
612          </indexterm>
613        </listitem>
614      </varlistentry>
615
[3f8be484]616      <varlistentry id="sprof">
617        <term><command>sprof</command></term>
618        <listitem>
619          <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
[cbbd1e4]620          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
[3f8be484]621            <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
622          </indexterm>
623        </listitem>
624      </varlistentry>
625
626      <varlistentry id="tzselect">
627        <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
628        <listitem>
629          <para>Asks the user about the location of the
630          system and reports the corresponding time zone description</para>
[cbbd1e4]631          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
[3f8be484]632            <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
633          </indexterm>
634        </listitem>
635      </varlistentry>
636
637      <varlistentry id="xtrace">
638        <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
639        <listitem>
640          <para>Traces the execution of a program by
641          printing the currently executed function</para>
[cbbd1e4]642          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
[3f8be484]643            <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
644          </indexterm>
645        </listitem>
646      </varlistentry>
647
648      <varlistentry id="zdump">
649        <term><command>zdump</command></term>
650        <listitem>
651          <para>The time zone dumper</para>
[cbbd1e4]652          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
[3f8be484]653            <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
654          </indexterm>
655        </listitem>
656      </varlistentry>
657
658      <varlistentry id="zic">
659        <term><command>zic</command></term>
660        <listitem>
661          <para>The time zone compiler</para>
[cbbd1e4]662          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
[3f8be484]663            <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
664          </indexterm>
665        </listitem>
666      </varlistentry>
667
668      <varlistentry id="ld.so">
669        <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld.so</filename></term>
670        <listitem>
671          <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
[cbbd1e4]672          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
[3f8be484]673            <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld.so</primary>
674          </indexterm>
675        </listitem>
676      </varlistentry>
677
678      <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
679        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
680        <listitem>
681          <para>Used by programs, such as Mozilla, to solve broken locales</para>
[cbbd1e4]682          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
[3f8be484]683            <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
684          </indexterm>
685        </listitem>
686      </varlistentry>
687
688      <varlistentry id="libSegFault">
689        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libSegFault</filename></term>
690        <listitem>
691          <para>The segmentation fault signal handler</para>
[cbbd1e4]692          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libSegFault">
[3f8be484]693            <primary sortas="c-libSegFault">libSegFault</primary>
694          </indexterm>
695        </listitem>
696      </varlistentry>
697
698      <varlistentry id="libanl">
699        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
700        <listitem>
701          <para>An asynchronous name lookup library</para>
[cbbd1e4]702          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
[3f8be484]703            <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
704          </indexterm>
705        </listitem>
706      </varlistentry>
707
708      <varlistentry id="libc">
709        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
710        <listitem>
711          <para>The main C library</para>
[cbbd1e4]712          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
[3f8be484]713            <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
714          </indexterm>
715        </listitem>
716      </varlistentry>
717
[188b6b2]718      <varlistentry id="libcidn">
719        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcidn</filename></term>
720        <listitem>
[d785e9d]721          <para>Used internally by Glibc for handling internationalized domain
[188b6b2]722          names in the <function>getaddrinfo()</function> function</para>
[cbbd1e4]723          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcidn">
[188b6b2]724            <primary sortas="c-libcidn">libcidn</primary>
725          </indexterm>
726        </listitem>
727      </varlistentry>
728
[3f8be484]729      <varlistentry id="libcrypt">
730        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcrypt</filename></term>
731        <listitem>
732          <para>The cryptography library</para>
[cbbd1e4]733          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt">
[3f8be484]734            <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary>
735          </indexterm>
736        </listitem>
737      </varlistentry>
738
739      <varlistentry id="libdl">
740        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
741        <listitem>
742          <para>The dynamic linking interface library</para>
[cbbd1e4]743          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
[3f8be484]744            <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
745          </indexterm>
746        </listitem>
747      </varlistentry>
748
749      <varlistentry id="libg">
750        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
751        <listitem>
752          <para>A runtime library for <command>g++</command></para>
[cbbd1e4]753          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
[3f8be484]754            <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
755          </indexterm>
756        </listitem>
757      </varlistentry>
758
759      <varlistentry id="libieee">
760        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libieee</filename></term>
761        <listitem>
762          <para>The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
763          floating point library</para>
[cbbd1e4]764          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libieee">
[3f8be484]765            <primary sortas="c-libieee">libieee</primary>
766          </indexterm>
767        </listitem>
768      </varlistentry>
769
770      <varlistentry id="libm">
771        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
772        <listitem>
773          <para>The mathematical library</para>
[cbbd1e4]774          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
[3f8be484]775            <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
776          </indexterm>
777        </listitem>
778      </varlistentry>
779
780      <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
781        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
782        <listitem>
783          <para>Contains code run at boot</para>
[cbbd1e4]784          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
[3f8be484]785            <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
786          </indexterm>
787        </listitem>
788      </varlistentry>
789
790      <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
791        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
792        <listitem>
[d785e9d]793          <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> (included in Glibc, but
[7087cbc]794          not built in a base CLFS system as it has additional dependencies)
795          to help collect information about the memory usage of a program</para>
[cbbd1e4]796          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
[3f8be484]797            <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
798          </indexterm>
799        </listitem>
800      </varlistentry>
801
802      <varlistentry id="libnsl">
803        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
804        <listitem>
805          <para>The network services library</para>
[cbbd1e4]806          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
[3f8be484]807            <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
808          </indexterm>
809        </listitem>
810      </varlistentry>
811
812      <varlistentry id="libnss">
813        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss</filename></term>
814        <listitem>
815          <para>The Name Service Switch libraries, containing functions for
816          resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
817          protocols, etc.</para>
[cbbd1e4]818          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
[3f8be484]819            <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss</primary>
820          </indexterm>
821        </listitem>
822      </varlistentry>
823
824      <varlistentry id="libpcprofile">
825        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpcprofile</filename></term>
826        <listitem>
827          <para>Contains profiling functions used to track the amount of CPU
828          time spent in specific source code lines</para>
[cbbd1e4]829          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile">
[3f8be484]830            <primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary>
831          </indexterm>
832        </listitem>
833      </varlistentry>
834
835      <varlistentry id="libpthread">
836        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
837        <listitem>
838          <para>The POSIX threads library</para>
[cbbd1e4]839          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
[3f8be484]840            <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
841          </indexterm>
842        </listitem>
843      </varlistentry>
844
845      <varlistentry id="libresolv">
846        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
847        <listitem>
848          <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
849          packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
[cbbd1e4]850          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
[3f8be484]851            <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
852          </indexterm>
853        </listitem>
854      </varlistentry>
855
856      <varlistentry id="librpcsvc">
857        <term><filename class="libraryfile">librpcsvc</filename></term>
858        <listitem>
859          <para>Contains functions providing miscellaneous RPC services</para>
[cbbd1e4]860          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librpcsvc">
[3f8be484]861            <primary sortas="c-librpcsvc">librpcsvc</primary>
862          </indexterm>
863        </listitem>
864      </varlistentry>
865
866      <varlistentry id="librt">
867        <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
868        <listitem>
869          <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified by
870          the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension</para>
[cbbd1e4]871          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
[3f8be484]872            <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
873          </indexterm>
874        </listitem>
875      </varlistentry>
876
877      <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
878        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
879        <listitem>
880          <para>Contains functions useful for
881          building debuggers for multi-threaded programs</para>
[cbbd1e4]882          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
[3f8be484]883            <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
884          </indexterm>
885        </listitem>
886      </varlistentry>
887
888      <varlistentry id="libutil">
889        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
890        <listitem>
891          <para>Contains code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
892          many different Unix utilities</para>
[cbbd1e4]893          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
[3f8be484]894            <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
895          </indexterm>
896        </listitem>
897      </varlistentry>
898
899    </variablelist>
900
901  </sect2>
902
903</sect1>
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