source: BOOK/final-system/common/gcc.xml@ 63f1942

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<sect1 id="ch-system-gcc" role="wrap">
  <?dbhtml filename="gcc.html"?>

  <title>GCC-&gcc-version;</title>

  <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc">
    <primary sortas="a-GCC">GCC</primary>
  </indexterm>

  <sect2 role="package">
    <title/>

    <para>The GCC package contains the GNU compiler collection, which includes
    the C and C++ compilers.</para>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="installation">
    <title>Installation of GCC</title>

    <para os="p1">The following patch contains a number of updates to the
    &gcc-version; branch by the GCC developers:</para>

    <screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&gcc-branch_update-patch;</userinput></screen>

    <para os="fix1">Apply a <command>sed</command> subsitution that will
    suppress the execution of the <command>fixincludes</command> script:</para>

<screen os="fix2"><userinput>sed -i 's@\./fixinc\.sh@-c true@' gcc/Makefile.in</userinput></screen>

    <para os="f">The GCC documentation recommends building GCC outside of the source
    directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>

<screen os="g"><userinput>mkdir -v ../gcc-build
cd ../gcc-build</userinput></screen>

    <para os="h">Prepare GCC for compilation:</para>

<screen os="i"><userinput>SED=sed CC="gcc -isystem /usr/include" \
CXX="g++ -isystem /usr/include" \
LDFLAGS="-Wl,-rpath-link,/usr/lib:/lib" \
  ../gcc-&gcc-version;/configure --prefix=/usr \
    --libexecdir=/usr/lib --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix \
    --enable-__cxa_atexit --enable-c99 --enable-long-long \
    --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-languages=c,c++ \
    --disable-multilib --disable-libstdcxx-pch \
    --with-system-zlib --enable-checking=release --enable-libstdcxx-time</userinput></screen>

    <variablelist os="i1">
      <title>The meaning of the new configure option:</title>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><parameter>SED=sed</parameter></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>This prevents a hard-coded path to
          <filename>/tools/bin/sed</filename> in the <command>fixincl</command>
          program.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>

    <para os="j">Compile the package:</para>

<screen os="k"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>

    <important os="l">
      <para>The test suite for GCC is considered
      critical. Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
    </important>

   <para os="s1">Increase the stack size prior to running the tests:</para>

<screen os="s2"><userinput remap="test">ulimit -s 32768</userinput></screen>

    <para os="m">Test the results, but do not stop at errors:</para>

<screen os="n"><userinput remap="test">make -k check</userinput></screen>

    <para os="o">The <parameter>-k</parameter> flag is used to make the test suite
    run through to completion and not stop at the first failure. The GCC test
    suite is very comprehensive and is almost guaranteed to generate a few
    failures. To receive a summary of the test suite results, run:</para>

<screen os="p"><userinput remap="test">../gcc-&gcc-version;/contrib/test_summary</userinput></screen>

    <para os="q">For only the summaries, pipe the output through
    <userinput>grep -A7 Summ</userinput>.</para>

    <para os="r">A few unexpected failures cannot always be avoided. The
    GCC developers are usually aware of these issues, but have not
    resolved them yet.</para>

    <para os="s">Install the package:</para>

<screen os="t"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>

    <para os="u">Install the <filename class="headerfile">libiberty</filename> header
    file that is needed by some packages:</para>

<screen os="v"><userinput>cp -v ../gcc-&gcc-version;/include/libiberty.h /usr/include</userinput></screen>

    <para os="w">Some packages expect the C preprocessor to be installed in the
    <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> directory.
    To support those packages, create this symlink:</para>

<screen os="x"><userinput>ln -sv ../usr/bin/cpp /lib</userinput></screen>

    <para os="y">Many packages use the name <command>cc</command> to call the C
    compiler. To satisfy those packages, create a symlink:</para>

<screen os="z"><userinput>ln -sv gcc /usr/bin/cc</userinput></screen>

    <para os="aa">Finally, move a misplaced file:</para>

<screen os="ab"><userinput>mv -v /usr/lib/libstdc++*gdb.py /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib</userinput></screen>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 id="contents-gcc" role="content">
    <title>Contents of GCC</title>

    <segmentedlist>
      <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
      <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
      <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>

      <seglistitem>
        <seg>c++, cc (link to gcc), cpp, g++, gcc, and gcov</seg>
        <seg>libasan.[a,so], libatomic.[a,so], libgcc.a, libgcc_eh.a, libgcc_s.so, libgcov.a,
        libgomp.[a,so], libiberty.a, libitm.[a,so], liblto_plugin.so, libmudflap.[a,so], libmudflapth.[a,so],
        libquadmath.[a,so], libssp.[a,so], libssp_nonshared.a, libstdc++.[a,so], libsupc++.a, and
        libtsan.[a,so]</seg>
        <seg>/usr/include/c++, /usr/lib/gcc, /usr/share/gcc-&gcc-version;</seg>
      </seglistitem>
    </segmentedlist>

    <variablelist>
      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>

      <varlistentry id="cc">
        <term><command>cc</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>The C compiler</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc cc">
            <primary sortas="b-cc">cc</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="cpp">
        <term><command>cpp</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>The C preprocessor; it is used by the compiler to expand the
          #include, #define, and similar statements in the source files</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc cpp">
            <primary sortas="b-cpp">cpp</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="c">
        <term><command>c++</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>The C++ compiler</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc c">
            <primary sortas="b-c++">c++</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="g">
        <term><command>g++</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>The C++ compiler</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc g">
            <primary sortas="b-g++">g++</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="gcc">
        <term><command>gcc</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>The C compiler</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc">
            <primary sortas="b-gcc">gcc</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="gcov">
        <term><command>gcov</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A coverage testing tool; it is used to analyze programs to
          determine where optimizations will have the most effect</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcov">
            <primary sortas="b-gcov">gcov</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libasan">
        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libasan</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>The Address Sanitizer runtime library</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libasan">
            <primary sortas="c-libasan">libasan</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libatomic">
        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libatomic</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A GCC support runtime library for atomic operations not
          supported by hardware</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libatomic">
            <primary sortas="c-libatomic*">libatomic*</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libgcc">
        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgcc</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Contains run-time support for <command>gcc</command></para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgcc">
            <primary sortas="c-libgcc*">libgcc*</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libgcov">
        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgcov</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Library that is linked into a program when
          <command>gcc</command> is instructed to enable profiling</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgcov">
            <primary sortas="c-libgcov">libgcov</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libgomp">
        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgomp</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>GNU implementation of the OpenMP API for multi-platform
          shared-memory parallel programming in C/C++ and Fortran</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgomp">
            <primary sortas="c-libgomp">libgomp</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libiberty">
        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libiberty</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Contains routines used by various GNU programs, including
          <command>getopt</command>, <command>obstack</command>,
          <command>strerror</command>, <command>strtol</command>, and
          <command>strtoul</command></para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libiberty">
            <primary sortas="c-libiberty">libiberty</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libitm">
        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libitm</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>The GNU Transactional Memory Library, which provides
          transaction support for accesses to a process's memory</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libitm">
            <primary sortas="c-libitm*">libitm*</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="liblto_plugin">
        <term><filename class="libraryfile">liblto_plugin</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Runtime library for GCC's link-time optimization plugin</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc liblto_plugin">
            <primary sortas="c-liblto_plugin">liblto_plugin</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libmudflap">
        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmudflap</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>The libmudflap libraries are used by GCC for instrumenting
          pointer and array dereferencing operations.</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libmudflap">
            <primary sortas="c-libmudflap*">libmudflap*</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libquadmath">
        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libquadmath</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>The GCC Quad-Precision Math Libarary API</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libquadmath">
            <primary sortas="c-libquadmath*">libquadmath*</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libssp">
        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libssp</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Contains routines supporting GCC's stack-smashing protection
          functionality</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libssp">
            <primary sortas="c-libssp*">libssp*</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libstdc">
        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdc++</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>The standard C++ library</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libstdc">
            <primary sortas="c-libstdc++">libstdc++</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libsupc">
        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsupc++</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Provides supporting routines for the C++ programming
          language</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libsupc">
            <primary sortas="c-libsupc++">libsupc++</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libtsan">
        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libtsan</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>The Thread Sanitizer runtime library</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libtsan">
            <primary sortas="c-libtsan">libtsan</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>

  </sect2>

</sect1>