source: BOOK/final-system/common/coreutils.xml@ f0f1d38

clfs-3.0.0-systemd clfs-3.0.0-sysvinit systemd sysvinit
Last change on this file since f0f1d38 was 84ed6d5, checked in by William Harrington <kb0iic@…>, 11 years ago

Fix check command as NON_ROOT_USERNAME to include check-root target.
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 41.2 KB
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
14 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
15 </indexterm>
16
17 <sect2 role="package">
18 <title/>
19
20 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
21 basic system characteristics.</para>
22
23 </sect2>
24
25 <sect2 role="installation">
26 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
27
28 <para os="p1">A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
29 this package is that the <option>-p</option> switch always
30 returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
31 fixes this behavior for all architectures:</para>
32
33<screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
34
35 <para os="c">Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
36
37<screen os="d"><userinput>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 \
38 ./configure --prefix=/usr \
39 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime \
40 --enable-install-program=hostname --libexecdir=/usr/lib</userinput></screen>
41
42 <variablelist os="d1">
43 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
44
45 <varlistentry os="d2">
46 <term><parameter>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</parameter></term>
47 <listitem>
48 <para>Forces Coreutils to compile when using the root user.</para>
49 </listitem>
50 </varlistentry>
51
52 </variablelist>
53
54 <para os="e">Compile the package:</para>
55
56<screen os="f"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
57
58 <para os="g">The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the
59 presence of system users and groups that are not valid within the minimal
60 environment that exists at the moment. Therefore, we will reuse the dummy
61 groups and user created during Util-linux. Skip down to <quote>Install the
62 package</quote> if not running the test suite and you did not create the
63 dummy groups and users during Util-linux.</para>
64
65 <para os="h">Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run
66 the tests that are meant to be run as user
67 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
68
69<screen os="i"><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=dummy check-root</userinput></screen>
70
71 <para os="j">The testsuite will now be run as the
72 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user. Fix the permissions
73 for a few files to allow this:</para>
74
75<screen os="k"><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv dummy .</userinput></screen>
76
77 <para os="l">Then run the remainder of the tests as the
78 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
79
80<screen os="m"><userinput remap="test">su dummy -s /bin/bash \
81 -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes -k check || true"</userinput></screen>
82
83 <para os="n">When testing is complete, remove the
84 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user and groups:</para>
85
86<screen os="o"><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/passwd /etc/group</userinput></screen>
87
88 <para os="p">Install the package:</para>
89
90<screen os="q"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
91
92 <para os="r">Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
93
94<screen os="s"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date} /bin
95mv -v /usr/bin/{dd,df,echo,false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod} /bin
96mv -v /usr/bin/{mv,pwd,rm,rmdir,stty,true,uname} /bin
97mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
98
99 </sect2>
100
101 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
102 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
103
104 <segmentedlist>
105 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
106 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
107 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
108
109 <seglistitem>
110 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot,
111 cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du,
112 echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head,
113 hostid, hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum,
114 mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste,
115 pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm,
116 rmdir, runcon, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum,
117 sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum,
118 sync, tac, tail, tee, test, timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort,
119 tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
120 <seg>libstdbuf.so</seg>
121 <seg>/usr/lib/coreutils</seg>
122 </seglistitem>
123 </segmentedlist>
124
125 <variablelist>
126 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
127 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
128 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
129
130 <varlistentry id="base64">
131 <term><command>base64</command></term>
132 <listitem>
133 <para>Base64 encode/decode data and print to standard output</para>
134 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
135 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
136 </indexterm>
137 </listitem>
138 </varlistentry>
139
140 <varlistentry id="basename">
141 <term><command>basename</command></term>
142 <listitem>
143 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
144 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
145 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
146 </indexterm>
147 </listitem>
148 </varlistentry>
149
150 <varlistentry id="cat">
151 <term><command>cat</command></term>
152 <listitem>
153 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
154 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
155 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
156 </indexterm>
157 </listitem>
158 </varlistentry>
159
160 <varlistentry id="chcon">
161 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
162 <listitem>
163 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
164 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
165 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
166 </indexterm>
167 </listitem>
168 </varlistentry>
169
170 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
171 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
172 <listitem>
173 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
174 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
175 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
176 </indexterm>
177 </listitem>
178 </varlistentry>
179
180 <varlistentry id="chmod">
181 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
182 <listitem>
183 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
184 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
185 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
186 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
187 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
188 </indexterm>
189 </listitem>
190 </varlistentry>
191
192 <varlistentry id="chown">
193 <term><command>chown</command></term>
194 <listitem>
195 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
196 directories</para>
197 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
198 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
199 </indexterm>
200 </listitem>
201 </varlistentry>
202
203 <varlistentry id="chroot">
204 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
205 <listitem>
206 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
207 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
208 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
209 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
210 </indexterm>
211 </listitem>
212 </varlistentry>
213
214 <varlistentry id="cksum">
215 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
216 <listitem>
217 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
218 counts of each specified file</para>
219 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
220 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
221 </indexterm>
222 </listitem>
223 </varlistentry>
224
225 <varlistentry id="comm">
226 <term><command>comm</command></term>
227 <listitem>
228 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
229 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
230 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
231 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
232 </indexterm>
233 </listitem>
234 </varlistentry>
235
236 <varlistentry id="cp">
237 <term><command>cp</command></term>
238 <listitem>
239 <para>Copies files</para>
240 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
241 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
242 </indexterm>
243 </listitem>
244 </varlistentry>
245
246 <varlistentry id="csplit">
247 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
248 <listitem>
249 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
250 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
251 count of each new file</para>
252 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
253 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
254 </indexterm>
255 </listitem>
256 </varlistentry>
257
258 <varlistentry id="cut">
259 <term><command>cut</command></term>
260 <listitem>
261 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
262 fields or positions</para>
263 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
264 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
265 </indexterm>
266 </listitem>
267 </varlistentry>
268
269 <varlistentry id="date">
270 <term><command>date</command></term>
271 <listitem>
272 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
273 system date</para>
274 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
275 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
276 </indexterm>
277 </listitem>
278 </varlistentry>
279
280 <varlistentry id="dd">
281 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
282 <listitem>
283 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
284 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
285 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
286 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
287 </indexterm>
288 </listitem>
289 </varlistentry>
290
291 <varlistentry id="df">
292 <term><command>df</command></term>
293 <listitem>
294 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
295 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
296 files</para>
297 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
298 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
299 </indexterm>
300 </listitem>
301 </varlistentry>
302
303 <varlistentry id="dir">
304 <term><command>dir</command></term>
305 <listitem>
306 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
307 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
308 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
309 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
310 </indexterm>
311 </listitem>
312 </varlistentry>
313
314 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
315 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
316 <listitem>
317 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
318 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
319 <command>ls</command></para>
320 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
321 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
322 </indexterm>
323 </listitem>
324 </varlistentry>
325
326 <varlistentry id="dirname">
327 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
328 <listitem>
329 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
330 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
331 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
332 </indexterm>
333 </listitem>
334 </varlistentry>
335
336 <varlistentry id="du">
337 <term><command>du</command></term>
338 <listitem>
339 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
340 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
341 each of the given files</para>
342 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
343 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
344 </indexterm>
345 </listitem>
346 </varlistentry>
347
348 <varlistentry id="echo">
349 <term><command>echo</command></term>
350 <listitem>
351 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
352 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
353 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
354 </indexterm>
355 </listitem>
356 </varlistentry>
357
358 <varlistentry id="env">
359 <term><command>env</command></term>
360 <listitem>
361 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
362 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
363 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
364 </indexterm>
365 </listitem>
366 </varlistentry>
367
368 <varlistentry id="expand">
369 <term><command>expand</command></term>
370 <listitem>
371 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
372 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
373 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
374 </indexterm>
375 </listitem>
376 </varlistentry>
377
378 <varlistentry id="expr">
379 <term><command>expr</command></term>
380 <listitem>
381 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
382 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
383 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
384 </indexterm>
385 </listitem>
386 </varlistentry>
387
388 <varlistentry id="factor">
389 <term><command>factor</command></term>
390 <listitem>
391 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
392 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
393 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
394 </indexterm>
395 </listitem>
396 </varlistentry>
397
398 <varlistentry id="false">
399 <term><command>false</command></term>
400 <listitem>
401 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
402 indicating failure</para>
403 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
404 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
405 </indexterm>
406 </listitem>
407 </varlistentry>
408
409 <varlistentry id="fmt">
410 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
411 <listitem>
412 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
413 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
414 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
415 </indexterm>
416 </listitem>
417 </varlistentry>
418
419 <varlistentry id="fold">
420 <term><command>fold</command></term>
421 <listitem>
422 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
423 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
424 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
425 </indexterm>
426 </listitem>
427 </varlistentry>
428
429 <varlistentry id="groups">
430 <term><command>groups</command></term>
431 <listitem>
432 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
433 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
434 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
435 </indexterm>
436 </listitem>
437 </varlistentry>
438
439 <varlistentry id="head">
440 <term><command>head</command></term>
441 <listitem>
442 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
443 of each given file</para>
444 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
445 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
446 </indexterm>
447 </listitem>
448 </varlistentry>
449
450 <varlistentry id="hostid">
451 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
452 <listitem>
453 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
454 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
455 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
456 </indexterm>
457 </listitem>
458 </varlistentry>
459
460 <varlistentry id="hostname">
461 <term><command>hostname</command></term>
462 <listitem>
463 <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
464 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
465 <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
466 </indexterm>
467 </listitem>
468 </varlistentry>
469
470 <varlistentry id="id">
471 <term><command>id</command></term>
472 <listitem>
473 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
474 of the current user or specified user</para>
475 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
476 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
477 </indexterm>
478 </listitem>
479 </varlistentry>
480
481 <varlistentry id="install">
482 <term><command>install</command> </term>
483 <listitem>
484 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
485 possible, their owner and group</para>
486 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
487 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
488 </indexterm>
489 </listitem>
490 </varlistentry>
491
492 <varlistentry id="join">
493 <term><command>join</command></term>
494 <listitem>
495 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
496 separate files</para>
497 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
498 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
499 </indexterm>
500 </listitem>
501 </varlistentry>
502
503 <varlistentry id="link">
504 <term><command>link</command></term>
505 <listitem>
506 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
507 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
508 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
509 </indexterm>
510 </listitem>
511 </varlistentry>
512
513 <varlistentry id="ln">
514 <term><command>ln</command></term>
515 <listitem>
516 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
517 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
518 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
519 </indexterm>
520 </listitem>
521 </varlistentry>
522
523 <varlistentry id="logname">
524 <term><command>logname</command></term>
525 <listitem>
526 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
527 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
528 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
529 </indexterm>
530 </listitem>
531 </varlistentry>
532
533 <varlistentry id="ls">
534 <term><command>ls</command></term>
535 <listitem>
536 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
537 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
538 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
539 </indexterm>
540 </listitem>
541 </varlistentry>
542
543 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
544 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
545 <listitem>
546 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
547 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
548 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
549 </indexterm>
550 </listitem>
551 </varlistentry>
552
553 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
554 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
555 <listitem>
556 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
557 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
558 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
559 </indexterm>
560 </listitem>
561 </varlistentry>
562
563 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
564 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
565 <listitem>
566 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
567 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
568 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
569 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
570 </indexterm>
571 </listitem>
572 </varlistentry>
573
574 <varlistentry id="mknod">
575 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
576 <listitem>
577 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
578 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
579 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
580 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
581 </indexterm>
582 </listitem>
583 </varlistentry>
584
585 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
586 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
587 <listitem>
588 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in
589 scripts</para>
590 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
591 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
592 </indexterm>
593 </listitem>
594 </varlistentry>
595
596 <varlistentry id="mv">
597 <term><command>mv</command></term>
598 <listitem>
599 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
600 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
601 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
602 </indexterm>
603 </listitem>
604 </varlistentry>
605
606 <varlistentry id="nice">
607 <term><command>nice</command></term>
608 <listitem>
609 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
610 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
611 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
612 </indexterm>
613 </listitem>
614 </varlistentry>
615
616 <varlistentry id="nl">
617 <term><command>nl</command></term>
618 <listitem>
619 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
620 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
621 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
622 </indexterm>
623 </listitem>
624 </varlistentry>
625
626 <varlistentry id="nohup">
627 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
628 <listitem>
629 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
630 a log file</para>
631 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
632 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
633 </indexterm>
634 </listitem>
635 </varlistentry>
636
637 <varlistentry id="nproc">
638 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
639 <listitem>
640 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to the current
641 process</para>
642 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
643 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
644 </indexterm>
645 </listitem>
646 </varlistentry>
647
648 <varlistentry id="numfmt">
649 <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
650 <listitem>
651 <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
652 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
653 <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
654 </indexterm>
655 </listitem>
656 </varlistentry>
657
658 <varlistentry id="od">
659 <term><command>od</command></term>
660 <listitem>
661 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
662 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
663 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
664 </indexterm>
665 </listitem>
666 </varlistentry>
667
668 <varlistentry id="paste">
669 <term><command>paste</command></term>
670 <listitem>
671 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
672 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
673 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
674 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
675 </indexterm>
676 </listitem>
677 </varlistentry>
678
679 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
680 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
681 <listitem>
682 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
683 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
684 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
685 </indexterm>
686 </listitem>
687 </varlistentry>
688
689 <varlistentry id="pinky">
690 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
691 <listitem>
692 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
693 about the given users</para>
694 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
695 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
696 </indexterm>
697 </listitem>
698 </varlistentry>
699
700 <varlistentry id="pr">
701 <term><command>pr</command></term>
702 <listitem>
703 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
704 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
705 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
706 </indexterm>
707 </listitem>
708 </varlistentry>
709
710 <varlistentry id="printenv">
711 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
712 <listitem>
713 <para>Prints the environment</para>
714 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
715 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
716 </indexterm>
717 </listitem>
718 </varlistentry>
719
720 <varlistentry id="printf">
721 <term><command>printf</command></term>
722 <listitem>
723 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
724 like the C printf function</para>
725 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
726 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
727 </indexterm>
728 </listitem>
729 </varlistentry>
730
731 <varlistentry id="ptx">
732 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
733 <listitem>
734 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
735 with each keyword in its context</para>
736 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
737 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
738 </indexterm>
739 </listitem>
740 </varlistentry>
741
742 <varlistentry id="pwd">
743 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
744 <listitem>
745 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
746 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
747 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
748 </indexterm>
749 </listitem>
750 </varlistentry>
751
752 <varlistentry id="readlink">
753 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
754 <listitem>
755 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
756 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
757 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
758 </indexterm>
759 </listitem>
760 </varlistentry>
761
762 <varlistentry id="realpath">
763 <term><command>realpath</command></term>
764 <listitem>
765 <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
766 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
767 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
768 </indexterm>
769 </listitem>
770 </varlistentry>
771
772 <varlistentry id="rm">
773 <term><command>rm</command></term>
774 <listitem>
775 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
776 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
777 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
778 </indexterm>
779 </listitem>
780 </varlistentry>
781
782 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
783 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
784 <listitem>
785 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
786 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
787 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
788 </indexterm>
789 </listitem>
790 </varlistentry>
791
792 <varlistentry id="runcon">
793 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
794 <listitem>
795 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
796 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
797 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
798 </indexterm>
799 </listitem>
800 </varlistentry>
801
802 <varlistentry id="seq">
803 <term><command>seq</command></term>
804 <listitem>
805 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
806 given increment</para>
807 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
808 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
809 </indexterm>
810 </listitem>
811 </varlistentry>
812
813 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
814 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
815 <listitem>
816 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
817 checksums</para>
818 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
819 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
820 </indexterm>
821 </listitem>
822 </varlistentry>
823
824 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
825 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
826 <listitem>
827 <para>Prints or checks SHA224 checksums</para>
828 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
829 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
830 </indexterm>
831 </listitem>
832 </varlistentry>
833
834 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
835 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
836 <listitem>
837 <para>Prints or checks SHA256 checksums</para>
838 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
839 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
840 </indexterm>
841 </listitem>
842 </varlistentry>
843
844 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
845 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
846 <listitem>
847 <para>Prints or checks SHA384 checksums</para>
848 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
849 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
850 </indexterm>
851 </listitem>
852 </varlistentry>
853
854 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
855 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
856 <listitem>
857 <para>Prints or checks SHA512 checksums</para>
858 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
859 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
860 </indexterm>
861 </listitem>
862 </varlistentry>
863
864 <varlistentry id="shred">
865 <term><command>shred</command></term>
866 <listitem>
867 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
868 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
869 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
870 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
871 </indexterm>
872 </listitem>
873 </varlistentry>
874
875 <varlistentry id="shuf">
876 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
877 <listitem>
878 <para>Write a random permutation of the input lines to standard output or a file</para>
879 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
880 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
881 </indexterm>
882 </listitem>
883 </varlistentry>
884
885 <varlistentry id="sleep">
886 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
887 <listitem>
888 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
889 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
890 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
891 </indexterm>
892 </listitem>
893 </varlistentry>
894
895 <varlistentry id="sort">
896 <term><command>sort</command></term>
897 <listitem>
898 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
899 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
900 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
901 </indexterm>
902 </listitem>
903 </varlistentry>
904
905 <varlistentry id="split">
906 <term><command>split</command></term>
907 <listitem>
908 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
909 lines</para>
910 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
911 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
912 </indexterm>
913 </listitem>
914 </varlistentry>
915
916 <varlistentry id="stat">
917 <term><command>stat</command></term>
918 <listitem>
919 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
920 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
921 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
922 </indexterm>
923 </listitem>
924 </varlistentry>
925
926 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
927 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
928 <listitem>
929 <para>Runs a command with modified buffering operations for its
930 standard streams</para>
931 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
932 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
933 </indexterm>
934 </listitem>
935 </varlistentry>
936
937 <varlistentry id="stty">
938 <term><command>stty</command></term>
939 <listitem>
940 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
941 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
942 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
943 </indexterm>
944 </listitem>
945 </varlistentry>
946
947 <varlistentry id="sum">
948 <term><command>sum</command></term>
949 <listitem>
950 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
951 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
952 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
953 </indexterm>
954 </listitem>
955 </varlistentry>
956
957 <varlistentry id="sync">
958 <term><command>sync</command></term>
959 <listitem>
960 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
961 and updates the super block</para>
962 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
963 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
964 </indexterm>
965 </listitem>
966 </varlistentry>
967
968 <varlistentry id="tac">
969 <term><command>tac</command></term>
970 <listitem>
971 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
972 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
973 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
974 </indexterm>
975 </listitem>
976 </varlistentry>
977
978 <varlistentry id="tail">
979 <term><command>tail</command></term>
980 <listitem>
981 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
982 given file</para>
983 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
984 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
985 </indexterm>
986 </listitem>
987 </varlistentry>
988
989 <varlistentry id="tee">
990 <term><command>tee</command></term>
991 <listitem>
992 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
993 and to the given files</para>
994 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
995 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
996 </indexterm>
997 </listitem>
998 </varlistentry>
999
1000 <varlistentry id="test">
1001 <term><command>test</command> or <command>[</command></term>
1002 <listitem>
1003 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1004 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1005 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1006 </indexterm>
1007 </listitem>
1008 </varlistentry>
1009
1010 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1011 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1012 <listitem>
1013 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1014 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1015 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1016 </indexterm>
1017 </listitem>
1018 </varlistentry>
1019
1020 <varlistentry id="touch">
1021 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1022 <listitem>
1023 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1024 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1025 are created with zero length</para>
1026 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1027 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1028 </indexterm>
1029 </listitem>
1030 </varlistentry>
1031
1032 <varlistentry id="tr">
1033 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1034 <listitem>
1035 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1036 standard input</para>
1037 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1038 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1039 </indexterm>
1040 </listitem>
1041 </varlistentry>
1042
1043 <varlistentry id="true">
1044 <term><command>true</command></term>
1045 <listitem>
1046 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1047 indicating success</para>
1048 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1049 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1050 </indexterm>
1051 </listitem>
1052 </varlistentry>
1053
1054 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1055 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1056 <listitem>
1057 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1058 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1059 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1060 </indexterm>
1061 </listitem>
1062 </varlistentry>
1063
1064 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1065 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1066 <listitem>
1067 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1068 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1069 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1070 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1071 </indexterm>
1072 </listitem>
1073 </varlistentry>
1074
1075 <varlistentry id="tty">
1076 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1077 <listitem>
1078 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1079 input</para>
1080 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1081 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1082 </indexterm>
1083 </listitem>
1084 </varlistentry>
1085
1086 <varlistentry id="uname">
1087 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1088 <listitem>
1089 <para>Reports system information</para>
1090 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1091 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1092 </indexterm>
1093 </listitem>
1094 </varlistentry>
1095
1096 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1097 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1098 <listitem>
1099 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1100 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1101 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1102 </indexterm>
1103 </listitem>
1104 </varlistentry>
1105
1106 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1107 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1108 <listitem>
1109 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1110 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1111 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1112 </indexterm>
1113 </listitem>
1114 </varlistentry>
1115
1116 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1117 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1118 <listitem>
1119 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1120 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1121 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1122 </indexterm>
1123 </listitem>
1124 </varlistentry>
1125
1126 <varlistentry id="users">
1127 <term><command>users</command></term>
1128 <listitem>
1129 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1130 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1131 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1132 </indexterm>
1133 </listitem>
1134 </varlistentry>
1135
1136 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1137 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1138 <listitem>
1139 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1140 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1141 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1142 </indexterm>
1143 </listitem>
1144 </varlistentry>
1145
1146 <varlistentry id="wc">
1147 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1148 <listitem>
1149 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1150 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1151 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1152 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1153 </indexterm>
1154 </listitem>
1155 </varlistentry>
1156
1157 <varlistentry id="who">
1158 <term><command>who</command></term>
1159 <listitem>
1160 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1161 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1162 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1163 </indexterm>
1164 </listitem>
1165 </varlistentry>
1166
1167 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1168 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1169 <listitem>
1170 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1171 user ID</para>
1172 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1173 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1174 </indexterm>
1175 </listitem>
1176 </varlistentry>
1177
1178 <varlistentry id="yes">
1179 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1180 <listitem>
1181 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1182 killed</para>
1183 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1184 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1185 </indexterm>
1186 </listitem>
1187 </varlistentry>
1188
1189 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
1190 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term>
1191 <listitem>
1192 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1193 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
1194 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary>
1195 </indexterm>
1196 </listitem>
1197 </varlistentry>
1198
1199 </variablelist>
1200
1201 </sect2>
1202
1203</sect1>
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