source: BOOK/final-system/common/coreutils.xml@ eca651f

clfs-1.2 clfs-2.1 clfs-3.0.0-systemd clfs-3.0.0-sysvinit systemd sysvinit
Last change on this file since eca651f was 8349b861, checked in by Chris Staub <chris@…>, 16 years ago

arch and su in Coreutils not installed by default
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
14 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
15 </indexterm>
16
17 <sect2 role="package">
18 <title/>
19
20 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
21 basic system characteristics.</para>
22
23 </sect2>
24
25 <sect2 role="installation">
26 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
27
28 <para os="p1">A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
29 this package is that the <option>-p</option> switch always
30 returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
31 fixes this behavior for all architectures:</para>
32
33<screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
34
35 <para os="c">Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
36
37<screen os="d"><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr \
38 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime \
39 --enable-install-program=hostname</userinput></screen>
40
41 <para os="e">Compile the package:</para>
42
43<screen os="f"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
44
45 <para os="g">The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the
46 presence of system users and groups that are not valid within the minimal
47 environment that exists at the moment. Therefore, additional items need
48 to be set up before running the tests. Skip down to <quote>Install the
49 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
50
51 <para os="h">Create two <systemitem class="groupname">dummy</systemitem> groups
52 and a <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
53
54<screen os="i"><userinput>echo "dummy1:x:1000:" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
55echo "dummy2:x:1001:dummy" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
56echo "dummy:x:1000:1000::/root:/bin/bash" &gt;&gt; /etc/passwd</userinput></screen>
57
58 <para os="j">Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run
59 the tests that are meant to be run as user
60 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
61
62<screen os="k"><userinput>make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=dummy check-root</userinput></screen>
63
64 <para os="l">Then run the remainder of the tests as the
65 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
66
67<screen os="m"><userinput>src/su dummy -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
68
69 <para os="n">When testing is complete, remove the
70 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user and groups:</para>
71
72<screen os="o"><userinput>sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/passwd /etc/group</userinput></screen>
73
74 <para os="p">Install the package:</para>
75
76<screen os="q"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
77
78 <para os="r">Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
79
80<screen os="s"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date} /bin
81mv -v /usr/bin/{dd,df,echo,false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod} /bin
82mv -v /usr/bin/{mv,pwd,rm,rmdir,stty,true,uname} /bin
83mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
84
85 <para os="t">Other Coreutils programs are used by some of the scripts
86 in the CLFS-Bootscripts package. As <filename
87 class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the early
88 stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition:</para>
89
90<screen os="u"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{[,basename,head,install,nice} /bin
91mv -v /usr/bin/{readlink,sleep,sync,test,touch} /bin
92ln -svf ../../bin/install /usr/bin</userinput></screen>
93
94 </sect2>
95
96 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
97 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
98
99 <segmentedlist>
100 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
101
102 <seglistitem>
103 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
104 comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du,
105 echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head,
106 hostid, hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum,
107 mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk,
108 pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq,
109 sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf,
110 sleep, sort, split, stat, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test, touch,
111 tr, true, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc,
112 who, whoami, and yes</seg>
113 </seglistitem>
114 </segmentedlist>
115
116 <variablelist>
117 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
118 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
119 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
120
121 <varlistentry id="base64">
122 <term><command>base64</command></term>
123 <listitem>
124 <para>Base64 encode/decode data and print to standard output</para>
125 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
126 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
127 </indexterm>
128 </listitem>
129 </varlistentry>
130
131 <varlistentry id="basename">
132 <term><command>basename</command></term>
133 <listitem>
134 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
135 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
136 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
137 </indexterm>
138 </listitem>
139 </varlistentry>
140
141 <varlistentry id="cat">
142 <term><command>cat</command></term>
143 <listitem>
144 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
145 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
146 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
147 </indexterm>
148 </listitem>
149 </varlistentry>
150
151 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
152 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
153 <listitem>
154 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
155 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
156 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
157 </indexterm>
158 </listitem>
159 </varlistentry>
160
161 <varlistentry id="chmod">
162 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
163 <listitem>
164 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
165 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
166 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
167 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
168 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
169 </indexterm>
170 </listitem>
171 </varlistentry>
172
173 <varlistentry id="chown">
174 <term><command>chown</command></term>
175 <listitem>
176 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
177 directories</para>
178 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
179 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
180 </indexterm>
181 </listitem>
182 </varlistentry>
183
184 <varlistentry id="chroot">
185 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
186 <listitem>
187 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
188 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
189 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
190 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
191 </indexterm>
192 </listitem>
193 </varlistentry>
194
195 <varlistentry id="cksum">
196 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
197 <listitem>
198 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
199 counts of each specified file</para>
200 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
201 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
202 </indexterm>
203 </listitem>
204 </varlistentry>
205
206 <varlistentry id="comm">
207 <term><command>comm</command></term>
208 <listitem>
209 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
210 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
211 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
212 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
213 </indexterm>
214 </listitem>
215 </varlistentry>
216
217 <varlistentry id="cp">
218 <term><command>cp</command></term>
219 <listitem>
220 <para>Copies files</para>
221 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
222 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
223 </indexterm>
224 </listitem>
225 </varlistentry>
226
227 <varlistentry id="csplit">
228 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
229 <listitem>
230 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
231 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
232 count of each new file</para>
233 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
234 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
235 </indexterm>
236 </listitem>
237 </varlistentry>
238
239 <varlistentry id="cut">
240 <term><command>cut</command></term>
241 <listitem>
242 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
243 fields or positions</para>
244 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
245 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
246 </indexterm>
247 </listitem>
248 </varlistentry>
249
250 <varlistentry id="date">
251 <term><command>date</command></term>
252 <listitem>
253 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
254 system date</para>
255 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
256 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
257 </indexterm>
258 </listitem>
259 </varlistentry>
260
261 <varlistentry id="dd">
262 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
263 <listitem>
264 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
265 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
266 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
267 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
268 </indexterm>
269 </listitem>
270 </varlistentry>
271
272 <varlistentry id="df">
273 <term><command>df</command></term>
274 <listitem>
275 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
276 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
277 files</para>
278 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
279 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
280 </indexterm>
281 </listitem>
282 </varlistentry>
283
284 <varlistentry id="dir">
285 <term><command>dir</command></term>
286 <listitem>
287 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
288 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
289 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
290 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
291 </indexterm>
292 </listitem>
293 </varlistentry>
294
295 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
296 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
297 <listitem>
298 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
299 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
300 <command>ls</command></para>
301 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
302 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
303 </indexterm>
304 </listitem>
305 </varlistentry>
306
307 <varlistentry id="dirname">
308 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
309 <listitem>
310 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
311 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
312 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
313 </indexterm>
314 </listitem>
315 </varlistentry>
316
317 <varlistentry id="du">
318 <term><command>du</command></term>
319 <listitem>
320 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
321 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
322 each of the given files</para>
323 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
324 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
325 </indexterm>
326 </listitem>
327 </varlistentry>
328
329 <varlistentry id="echo">
330 <term><command>echo</command></term>
331 <listitem>
332 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
333 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
334 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
335 </indexterm>
336 </listitem>
337 </varlistentry>
338
339 <varlistentry id="env">
340 <term><command>env</command></term>
341 <listitem>
342 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
343 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
344 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
345 </indexterm>
346 </listitem>
347 </varlistentry>
348
349 <varlistentry id="expand">
350 <term><command>expand</command></term>
351 <listitem>
352 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
353 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
354 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
355 </indexterm>
356 </listitem>
357 </varlistentry>
358
359 <varlistentry id="expr">
360 <term><command>expr</command></term>
361 <listitem>
362 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
363 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
364 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
365 </indexterm>
366 </listitem>
367 </varlistentry>
368
369 <varlistentry id="factor">
370 <term><command>factor</command></term>
371 <listitem>
372 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
373 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
374 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
375 </indexterm>
376 </listitem>
377 </varlistentry>
378
379 <varlistentry id="false">
380 <term><command>false</command></term>
381 <listitem>
382 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
383 indicating failure</para>
384 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
385 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
386 </indexterm>
387 </listitem>
388 </varlistentry>
389
390 <varlistentry id="fmt">
391 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
392 <listitem>
393 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
394 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
395 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
396 </indexterm>
397 </listitem>
398 </varlistentry>
399
400 <varlistentry id="fold">
401 <term><command>fold</command></term>
402 <listitem>
403 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
404 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
405 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
406 </indexterm>
407 </listitem>
408 </varlistentry>
409
410 <varlistentry id="groups">
411 <term><command>groups</command></term>
412 <listitem>
413 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
414 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
415 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
416 </indexterm>
417 </listitem>
418 </varlistentry>
419
420 <varlistentry id="head">
421 <term><command>head</command></term>
422 <listitem>
423 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
424 of each given file</para>
425 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
426 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
427 </indexterm>
428 </listitem>
429 </varlistentry>
430
431 <varlistentry id="hostid">
432 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
433 <listitem>
434 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
435 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
436 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
437 </indexterm>
438 </listitem>
439 </varlistentry>
440
441 <varlistentry id="hostname">
442 <term><command>hostname</command></term>
443 <listitem>
444 <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
445 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
446 <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
447 </indexterm>
448 </listitem>
449 </varlistentry>
450
451 <varlistentry id="id">
452 <term><command>id</command></term>
453 <listitem>
454 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
455 of the current user or specified user</para>
456 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
457 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
458 </indexterm>
459 </listitem>
460 </varlistentry>
461
462 <varlistentry id="install">
463 <term><command>install</command> </term>
464 <listitem>
465 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
466 possible, their owner and group</para>
467 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
468 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
469 </indexterm>
470 </listitem>
471 </varlistentry>
472
473 <varlistentry id="join">
474 <term><command>join</command></term>
475 <listitem>
476 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
477 separate files</para>
478 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
479 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
480 </indexterm>
481 </listitem>
482 </varlistentry>
483
484 <varlistentry id="link">
485 <term><command>link</command></term>
486 <listitem>
487 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
488 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
489 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
490 </indexterm>
491 </listitem>
492 </varlistentry>
493
494 <varlistentry id="ln">
495 <term><command>ln</command></term>
496 <listitem>
497 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
498 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
499 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
500 </indexterm>
501 </listitem>
502 </varlistentry>
503
504 <varlistentry id="logname">
505 <term><command>logname</command></term>
506 <listitem>
507 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
508 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
509 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
510 </indexterm>
511 </listitem>
512 </varlistentry>
513
514 <varlistentry id="ls">
515 <term><command>ls</command></term>
516 <listitem>
517 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
518 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
519 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
520 </indexterm>
521 </listitem>
522 </varlistentry>
523
524 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
525 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
526 <listitem>
527 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
528 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
529 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
530 </indexterm>
531 </listitem>
532 </varlistentry>
533
534 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
535 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
536 <listitem>
537 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
538 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
539 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
540 </indexterm>
541 </listitem>
542 </varlistentry>
543
544 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
545 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
546 <listitem>
547 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
548 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
549 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
550 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
551 </indexterm>
552 </listitem>
553 </varlistentry>
554
555 <varlistentry id="mknod">
556 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
557 <listitem>
558 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
559 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
560 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
561 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
562 </indexterm>
563 </listitem>
564 </varlistentry>
565
566 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
567 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
568 <listitem>
569 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in
570 scripts</para>
571 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
572 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
573 </indexterm>
574 </listitem>
575 </varlistentry>
576
577 <varlistentry id="mv">
578 <term><command>mv</command></term>
579 <listitem>
580 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
581 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
582 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
583 </indexterm>
584 </listitem>
585 </varlistentry>
586
587 <varlistentry id="nice">
588 <term><command>nice</command></term>
589 <listitem>
590 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
591 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
592 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
593 </indexterm>
594 </listitem>
595 </varlistentry>
596
597 <varlistentry id="nl">
598 <term><command>nl</command></term>
599 <listitem>
600 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
601 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
602 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
603 </indexterm>
604 </listitem>
605 </varlistentry>
606
607 <varlistentry id="nohup">
608 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
609 <listitem>
610 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
611 a log file</para>
612 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
613 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
614 </indexterm>
615 </listitem>
616 </varlistentry>
617
618 <varlistentry id="od">
619 <term><command>od</command></term>
620 <listitem>
621 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
622 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
623 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
624 </indexterm>
625 </listitem>
626 </varlistentry>
627
628 <varlistentry id="paste">
629 <term><command>paste</command></term>
630 <listitem>
631 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
632 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
633 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
634 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
635 </indexterm>
636 </listitem>
637 </varlistentry>
638
639 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
640 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
641 <listitem>
642 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
643 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
644 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
645 </indexterm>
646 </listitem>
647 </varlistentry>
648
649 <varlistentry id="pinky">
650 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
651 <listitem>
652 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
653 about the given users</para>
654 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
655 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
656 </indexterm>
657 </listitem>
658 </varlistentry>
659
660 <varlistentry id="pr">
661 <term><command>pr</command></term>
662 <listitem>
663 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
664 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
665 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
666 </indexterm>
667 </listitem>
668 </varlistentry>
669
670 <varlistentry id="printenv">
671 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
672 <listitem>
673 <para>Prints the environment</para>
674 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
675 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
676 </indexterm>
677 </listitem>
678 </varlistentry>
679
680 <varlistentry id="printf">
681 <term><command>printf</command></term>
682 <listitem>
683 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
684 like the C printf function</para>
685 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
686 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
687 </indexterm>
688 </listitem>
689 </varlistentry>
690
691 <varlistentry id="ptx">
692 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
693 <listitem>
694 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
695 with each keyword in its context</para>
696 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
697 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
698 </indexterm>
699 </listitem>
700 </varlistentry>
701
702 <varlistentry id="pwd">
703 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
704 <listitem>
705 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
706 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
707 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
708 </indexterm>
709 </listitem>
710 </varlistentry>
711
712 <varlistentry id="readlink">
713 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
714 <listitem>
715 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
716 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
717 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
718 </indexterm>
719 </listitem>
720 </varlistentry>
721
722 <varlistentry id="rm">
723 <term><command>rm</command></term>
724 <listitem>
725 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
726 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
727 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
728 </indexterm>
729 </listitem>
730 </varlistentry>
731
732 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
733 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
734 <listitem>
735 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
736 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
737 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
738 </indexterm>
739 </listitem>
740 </varlistentry>
741
742 <varlistentry id="seq">
743 <term><command>seq</command></term>
744 <listitem>
745 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
746 given increment</para>
747 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
748 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
749 </indexterm>
750 </listitem>
751 </varlistentry>
752
753 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
754 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
755 <listitem>
756 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
757 checksums</para>
758 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
759 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
760 </indexterm>
761 </listitem>
762 </varlistentry>
763
764 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
765 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
766 <listitem>
767 <para>Prints or checks SHA224 checksums</para>
768 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
769 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
770 </indexterm>
771 </listitem>
772 </varlistentry>
773
774 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
775 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
776 <listitem>
777 <para>Prints or checks SHA256 checksums</para>
778 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
779 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
780 </indexterm>
781 </listitem>
782 </varlistentry>
783
784 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
785 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
786 <listitem>
787 <para>Prints or checks SHA384 checksums</para>
788 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
789 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
790 </indexterm>
791 </listitem>
792 </varlistentry>
793
794 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
795 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
796 <listitem>
797 <para>Prints or checks SHA512 checksums</para>
798 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
799 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
800 </indexterm>
801 </listitem>
802 </varlistentry>
803
804 <varlistentry id="shred">
805 <term><command>shred</command></term>
806 <listitem>
807 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
808 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
809 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
810 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
811 </indexterm>
812 </listitem>
813 </varlistentry>
814
815 <varlistentry id="shuf">
816 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
817 <listitem>
818 <para>Write a random permutation of the input lines to standard output or a file</para>
819 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
820 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
821 </indexterm>
822 </listitem>
823 </varlistentry>
824
825 <varlistentry id="sleep">
826 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
827 <listitem>
828 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
829 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
830 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
831 </indexterm>
832 </listitem>
833 </varlistentry>
834
835 <varlistentry id="sort">
836 <term><command>sort</command></term>
837 <listitem>
838 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
839 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
840 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
841 </indexterm>
842 </listitem>
843 </varlistentry>
844
845 <varlistentry id="split">
846 <term><command>split</command></term>
847 <listitem>
848 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
849 lines</para>
850 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
851 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
852 </indexterm>
853 </listitem>
854 </varlistentry>
855
856 <varlistentry id="stat">
857 <term><command>stat</command></term>
858 <listitem>
859 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
860 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
861 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
862 </indexterm>
863 </listitem>
864 </varlistentry>
865
866 <varlistentry id="stty">
867 <term><command>stty</command></term>
868 <listitem>
869 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
870 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
871 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
872 </indexterm>
873 </listitem>
874 </varlistentry>
875
876 <varlistentry id="sum">
877 <term><command>sum</command></term>
878 <listitem>
879 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
880 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
881 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
882 </indexterm>
883 </listitem>
884 </varlistentry>
885
886 <varlistentry id="sync">
887 <term><command>sync</command></term>
888 <listitem>
889 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
890 and updates the super block</para>
891 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
892 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
893 </indexterm>
894 </listitem>
895 </varlistentry>
896
897 <varlistentry id="tac">
898 <term><command>tac</command></term>
899 <listitem>
900 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
901 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
902 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
903 </indexterm>
904 </listitem>
905 </varlistentry>
906
907 <varlistentry id="tail">
908 <term><command>tail</command></term>
909 <listitem>
910 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
911 given file</para>
912 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
913 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
914 </indexterm>
915 </listitem>
916 </varlistentry>
917
918 <varlistentry id="tee">
919 <term><command>tee</command></term>
920 <listitem>
921 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
922 and to the given files</para>
923 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
924 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
925 </indexterm>
926 </listitem>
927 </varlistentry>
928
929 <varlistentry id="test">
930 <term><command>test</command> or <command>[</command></term>
931 <listitem>
932 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
933 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
934 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
935 </indexterm>
936 </listitem>
937 </varlistentry>
938
939 <varlistentry id="touch">
940 <term><command>touch</command></term>
941 <listitem>
942 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
943 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
944 are created with zero length</para>
945 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
946 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
947 </indexterm>
948 </listitem>
949 </varlistentry>
950
951 <varlistentry id="tr">
952 <term><command>tr</command></term>
953 <listitem>
954 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
955 standard input</para>
956 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
957 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
958 </indexterm>
959 </listitem>
960 </varlistentry>
961
962 <varlistentry id="true">
963 <term><command>true</command></term>
964 <listitem>
965 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
966 indicating success</para>
967 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
968 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
969 </indexterm>
970 </listitem>
971 </varlistentry>
972
973 <varlistentry id="tsort">
974 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
975 <listitem>
976 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
977 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
978 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
979 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
980 </indexterm>
981 </listitem>
982 </varlistentry>
983
984 <varlistentry id="tty">
985 <term><command>tty</command></term>
986 <listitem>
987 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
988 input</para>
989 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
990 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
991 </indexterm>
992 </listitem>
993 </varlistentry>
994
995 <varlistentry id="uname">
996 <term><command>uname</command></term>
997 <listitem>
998 <para>Reports system information</para>
999 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1000 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1001 </indexterm>
1002 </listitem>
1003 </varlistentry>
1004
1005 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1006 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1007 <listitem>
1008 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1009 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1010 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1011 </indexterm>
1012 </listitem>
1013 </varlistentry>
1014
1015 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1016 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1017 <listitem>
1018 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1019 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1020 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1021 </indexterm>
1022 </listitem>
1023 </varlistentry>
1024
1025 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1026 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1027 <listitem>
1028 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1029 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1030 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1031 </indexterm>
1032 </listitem>
1033 </varlistentry>
1034
1035 <varlistentry id="users">
1036 <term><command>users</command></term>
1037 <listitem>
1038 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1039 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1040 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1041 </indexterm>
1042 </listitem>
1043 </varlistentry>
1044
1045 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1046 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1047 <listitem>
1048 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1049 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1050 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1051 </indexterm>
1052 </listitem>
1053 </varlistentry>
1054
1055 <varlistentry id="wc">
1056 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1057 <listitem>
1058 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1059 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1060 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1061 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1062 </indexterm>
1063 </listitem>
1064 </varlistentry>
1065
1066 <varlistentry id="who">
1067 <term><command>who</command></term>
1068 <listitem>
1069 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1070 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1071 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1072 </indexterm>
1073 </listitem>
1074 </varlistentry>
1075
1076 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1077 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1078 <listitem>
1079 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1080 user ID</para>
1081 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1082 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1083 </indexterm>
1084 </listitem>
1085 </varlistentry>
1086
1087 <varlistentry id="yes">
1088 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1089 <listitem>
1090 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1091 killed</para>
1092 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1093 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1094 </indexterm>
1095 </listitem>
1096 </varlistentry>
1097
1098 </variablelist>
1099
1100 </sect2>
1101
1102</sect1>
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