source: BOOK/final-system/common/coreutils.xml@ b9dddef

clfs-1.2 clfs-2.1 clfs-3.0.0-systemd clfs-3.0.0-sysvinit systemd sysvinit
Last change on this file since b9dddef was b9b9e14, checked in by Chris Staub <chris@…>, 16 years ago

Two new programs with latest Coreutils version
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
14 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
15 </indexterm>
16
17 <sect2 role="package">
18 <title/>
19
20 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
21 basic system characteristics.</para>
22
23 </sect2>
24
25 <sect2 role="installation">
26 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
27
28 <para os="p1">A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
29 this package is that the <option>-p</option> switch always
30 returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
31 fixes this behavior for all architectures:</para>
32
33<screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
34
35 <para os="c">Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
36
37<screen os="d"><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr \
38 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime \
39 --enable-install-program=hostname</userinput></screen>
40
41 <para os="e">Compile the package:</para>
42
43<screen os="f"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
44
45 <para os="g">The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the
46 presence of system users and groups that are not valid within the minimal
47 environment that exists at the moment. Therefore, additional items need
48 to be set up before running the tests. Skip down to <quote>Install the
49 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
50
51 <para os="h">Create two <systemitem class="groupname">dummy</systemitem> groups
52 and a <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
53
54<screen os="i"><userinput>echo "dummy1:x:1000:" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
55echo "dummy2:x:1001:dummy" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
56echo "dummy:x:1000:1000::/root:/bin/bash" &gt;&gt; /etc/passwd</userinput></screen>
57
58 <para os="j">Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run
59 the tests that are meant to be run as user
60 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
61
62<screen os="k"><userinput>make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=dummy check-root</userinput></screen>
63
64 <para os="l">Then run the remainder of the tests as the
65 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
66
67<screen os="m"><userinput>src/su dummy -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
68
69 <para os="n">When testing is complete, remove the
70 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user and groups:</para>
71
72<screen os="o"><userinput>sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/passwd /etc/group</userinput></screen>
73
74 <para os="p">Install the package:</para>
75
76<screen os="q"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
77
78 <para os="r">Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
79
80<screen os="s"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date} /bin
81mv -v /usr/bin/{dd,df,echo,false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod} /bin
82mv -v /usr/bin/{mv,pwd,rm,rmdir,stty,true,uname} /bin
83mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
84
85 <para os="t">Other Coreutils programs are used by some of the scripts
86 in the CLFS-Bootscripts package. As <filename
87 class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the early
88 stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition:</para>
89
90<screen os="u"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{[,basename,head,install,nice} /bin
91mv -v /usr/bin/{readlink,sleep,sync,test,touch} /bin
92ln -svf ../../bin/install /usr/bin</userinput></screen>
93
94 </sect2>
95
96 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
97 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
98
99 <segmentedlist>
100 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
101
102 <seglistitem>
103 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot,
104 cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du,
105 echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head,
106 hostid, hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum,
107 mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk,
108 pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq,
109 sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf,
110 sleep, sort, split, stat, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test,
111 timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq,
112 unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
113 </seglistitem>
114 </segmentedlist>
115
116 <variablelist>
117 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
118 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
119 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
120
121 <varlistentry id="base64">
122 <term><command>base64</command></term>
123 <listitem>
124 <para>Base64 encode/decode data and print to standard output</para>
125 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
126 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
127 </indexterm>
128 </listitem>
129 </varlistentry>
130
131 <varlistentry id="basename">
132 <term><command>basename</command></term>
133 <listitem>
134 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
135 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
136 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
137 </indexterm>
138 </listitem>
139 </varlistentry>
140
141 <varlistentry id="cat">
142 <term><command>cat</command></term>
143 <listitem>
144 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
145 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
146 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
147 </indexterm>
148 </listitem>
149 </varlistentry>
150
151 <varlistentry id="chcon">
152 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
153 <listitem>
154 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
155 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
156 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
157 </indexterm>
158 </listitem>
159 </varlistentry>
160
161 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
162 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
163 <listitem>
164 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
165 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
166 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
167 </indexterm>
168 </listitem>
169 </varlistentry>
170
171 <varlistentry id="chmod">
172 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
173 <listitem>
174 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
175 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
176 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
177 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
178 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
179 </indexterm>
180 </listitem>
181 </varlistentry>
182
183 <varlistentry id="chown">
184 <term><command>chown</command></term>
185 <listitem>
186 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
187 directories</para>
188 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
189 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
190 </indexterm>
191 </listitem>
192 </varlistentry>
193
194 <varlistentry id="chroot">
195 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
196 <listitem>
197 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
198 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
199 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
200 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
201 </indexterm>
202 </listitem>
203 </varlistentry>
204
205 <varlistentry id="cksum">
206 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
207 <listitem>
208 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
209 counts of each specified file</para>
210 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
211 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
212 </indexterm>
213 </listitem>
214 </varlistentry>
215
216 <varlistentry id="comm">
217 <term><command>comm</command></term>
218 <listitem>
219 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
220 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
221 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
222 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
223 </indexterm>
224 </listitem>
225 </varlistentry>
226
227 <varlistentry id="cp">
228 <term><command>cp</command></term>
229 <listitem>
230 <para>Copies files</para>
231 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
232 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
233 </indexterm>
234 </listitem>
235 </varlistentry>
236
237 <varlistentry id="csplit">
238 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
239 <listitem>
240 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
241 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
242 count of each new file</para>
243 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
244 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
245 </indexterm>
246 </listitem>
247 </varlistentry>
248
249 <varlistentry id="cut">
250 <term><command>cut</command></term>
251 <listitem>
252 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
253 fields or positions</para>
254 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
255 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
256 </indexterm>
257 </listitem>
258 </varlistentry>
259
260 <varlistentry id="date">
261 <term><command>date</command></term>
262 <listitem>
263 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
264 system date</para>
265 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
266 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
267 </indexterm>
268 </listitem>
269 </varlistentry>
270
271 <varlistentry id="dd">
272 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
273 <listitem>
274 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
275 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
276 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
277 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
278 </indexterm>
279 </listitem>
280 </varlistentry>
281
282 <varlistentry id="df">
283 <term><command>df</command></term>
284 <listitem>
285 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
286 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
287 files</para>
288 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
289 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
290 </indexterm>
291 </listitem>
292 </varlistentry>
293
294 <varlistentry id="dir">
295 <term><command>dir</command></term>
296 <listitem>
297 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
298 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
299 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
300 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
301 </indexterm>
302 </listitem>
303 </varlistentry>
304
305 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
306 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
307 <listitem>
308 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
309 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
310 <command>ls</command></para>
311 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
312 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
313 </indexterm>
314 </listitem>
315 </varlistentry>
316
317 <varlistentry id="dirname">
318 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
319 <listitem>
320 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
321 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
322 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
323 </indexterm>
324 </listitem>
325 </varlistentry>
326
327 <varlistentry id="du">
328 <term><command>du</command></term>
329 <listitem>
330 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
331 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
332 each of the given files</para>
333 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
334 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
335 </indexterm>
336 </listitem>
337 </varlistentry>
338
339 <varlistentry id="echo">
340 <term><command>echo</command></term>
341 <listitem>
342 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
343 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
344 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
345 </indexterm>
346 </listitem>
347 </varlistentry>
348
349 <varlistentry id="env">
350 <term><command>env</command></term>
351 <listitem>
352 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
353 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
354 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
355 </indexterm>
356 </listitem>
357 </varlistentry>
358
359 <varlistentry id="expand">
360 <term><command>expand</command></term>
361 <listitem>
362 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
363 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
364 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
365 </indexterm>
366 </listitem>
367 </varlistentry>
368
369 <varlistentry id="expr">
370 <term><command>expr</command></term>
371 <listitem>
372 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
373 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
374 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
375 </indexterm>
376 </listitem>
377 </varlistentry>
378
379 <varlistentry id="factor">
380 <term><command>factor</command></term>
381 <listitem>
382 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
383 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
384 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
385 </indexterm>
386 </listitem>
387 </varlistentry>
388
389 <varlistentry id="false">
390 <term><command>false</command></term>
391 <listitem>
392 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
393 indicating failure</para>
394 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
395 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
396 </indexterm>
397 </listitem>
398 </varlistentry>
399
400 <varlistentry id="fmt">
401 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
402 <listitem>
403 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
404 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
405 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
406 </indexterm>
407 </listitem>
408 </varlistentry>
409
410 <varlistentry id="fold">
411 <term><command>fold</command></term>
412 <listitem>
413 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
414 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
415 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
416 </indexterm>
417 </listitem>
418 </varlistentry>
419
420 <varlistentry id="groups">
421 <term><command>groups</command></term>
422 <listitem>
423 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
424 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
425 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
426 </indexterm>
427 </listitem>
428 </varlistentry>
429
430 <varlistentry id="head">
431 <term><command>head</command></term>
432 <listitem>
433 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
434 of each given file</para>
435 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
436 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
437 </indexterm>
438 </listitem>
439 </varlistentry>
440
441 <varlistentry id="hostid">
442 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
443 <listitem>
444 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
445 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
446 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
447 </indexterm>
448 </listitem>
449 </varlistentry>
450
451 <varlistentry id="hostname">
452 <term><command>hostname</command></term>
453 <listitem>
454 <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
455 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
456 <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
457 </indexterm>
458 </listitem>
459 </varlistentry>
460
461 <varlistentry id="id">
462 <term><command>id</command></term>
463 <listitem>
464 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
465 of the current user or specified user</para>
466 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
467 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
468 </indexterm>
469 </listitem>
470 </varlistentry>
471
472 <varlistentry id="install">
473 <term><command>install</command> </term>
474 <listitem>
475 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
476 possible, their owner and group</para>
477 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
478 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
479 </indexterm>
480 </listitem>
481 </varlistentry>
482
483 <varlistentry id="join">
484 <term><command>join</command></term>
485 <listitem>
486 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
487 separate files</para>
488 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
489 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
490 </indexterm>
491 </listitem>
492 </varlistentry>
493
494 <varlistentry id="link">
495 <term><command>link</command></term>
496 <listitem>
497 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
498 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
499 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
500 </indexterm>
501 </listitem>
502 </varlistentry>
503
504 <varlistentry id="ln">
505 <term><command>ln</command></term>
506 <listitem>
507 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
508 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
509 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
510 </indexterm>
511 </listitem>
512 </varlistentry>
513
514 <varlistentry id="logname">
515 <term><command>logname</command></term>
516 <listitem>
517 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
518 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
519 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
520 </indexterm>
521 </listitem>
522 </varlistentry>
523
524 <varlistentry id="ls">
525 <term><command>ls</command></term>
526 <listitem>
527 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
528 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
529 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
530 </indexterm>
531 </listitem>
532 </varlistentry>
533
534 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
535 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
536 <listitem>
537 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
538 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
539 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
540 </indexterm>
541 </listitem>
542 </varlistentry>
543
544 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
545 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
546 <listitem>
547 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
548 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
549 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
550 </indexterm>
551 </listitem>
552 </varlistentry>
553
554 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
555 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
556 <listitem>
557 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
558 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
559 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
560 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
561 </indexterm>
562 </listitem>
563 </varlistentry>
564
565 <varlistentry id="mknod">
566 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
567 <listitem>
568 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
569 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
570 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
571 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
572 </indexterm>
573 </listitem>
574 </varlistentry>
575
576 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
577 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
578 <listitem>
579 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in
580 scripts</para>
581 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
582 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
583 </indexterm>
584 </listitem>
585 </varlistentry>
586
587 <varlistentry id="mv">
588 <term><command>mv</command></term>
589 <listitem>
590 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
591 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
592 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
593 </indexterm>
594 </listitem>
595 </varlistentry>
596
597 <varlistentry id="nice">
598 <term><command>nice</command></term>
599 <listitem>
600 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
601 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
602 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
603 </indexterm>
604 </listitem>
605 </varlistentry>
606
607 <varlistentry id="nl">
608 <term><command>nl</command></term>
609 <listitem>
610 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
611 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
612 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
613 </indexterm>
614 </listitem>
615 </varlistentry>
616
617 <varlistentry id="nohup">
618 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
619 <listitem>
620 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
621 a log file</para>
622 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
623 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
624 </indexterm>
625 </listitem>
626 </varlistentry>
627
628 <varlistentry id="od">
629 <term><command>od</command></term>
630 <listitem>
631 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
632 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
633 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
634 </indexterm>
635 </listitem>
636 </varlistentry>
637
638 <varlistentry id="paste">
639 <term><command>paste</command></term>
640 <listitem>
641 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
642 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
643 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
644 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
645 </indexterm>
646 </listitem>
647 </varlistentry>
648
649 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
650 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
651 <listitem>
652 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
653 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
654 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
655 </indexterm>
656 </listitem>
657 </varlistentry>
658
659 <varlistentry id="pinky">
660 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
661 <listitem>
662 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
663 about the given users</para>
664 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
665 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
666 </indexterm>
667 </listitem>
668 </varlistentry>
669
670 <varlistentry id="pr">
671 <term><command>pr</command></term>
672 <listitem>
673 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
674 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
675 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
676 </indexterm>
677 </listitem>
678 </varlistentry>
679
680 <varlistentry id="printenv">
681 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
682 <listitem>
683 <para>Prints the environment</para>
684 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
685 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
686 </indexterm>
687 </listitem>
688 </varlistentry>
689
690 <varlistentry id="printf">
691 <term><command>printf</command></term>
692 <listitem>
693 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
694 like the C printf function</para>
695 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
696 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
697 </indexterm>
698 </listitem>
699 </varlistentry>
700
701 <varlistentry id="ptx">
702 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
703 <listitem>
704 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
705 with each keyword in its context</para>
706 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
707 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
708 </indexterm>
709 </listitem>
710 </varlistentry>
711
712 <varlistentry id="pwd">
713 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
714 <listitem>
715 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
716 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
717 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
718 </indexterm>
719 </listitem>
720 </varlistentry>
721
722 <varlistentry id="readlink">
723 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
724 <listitem>
725 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
726 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
727 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
728 </indexterm>
729 </listitem>
730 </varlistentry>
731
732 <varlistentry id="rm">
733 <term><command>rm</command></term>
734 <listitem>
735 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
736 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
737 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
738 </indexterm>
739 </listitem>
740 </varlistentry>
741
742 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
743 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
744 <listitem>
745 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
746 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
747 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
748 </indexterm>
749 </listitem>
750 </varlistentry>
751
752 <varlistentry id="runcon">
753 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
754 <listitem>
755 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
756 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
757 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
758 </indexterm>
759 </listitem>
760 </varlistentry>
761
762 <varlistentry id="seq">
763 <term><command>seq</command></term>
764 <listitem>
765 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
766 given increment</para>
767 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
768 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
769 </indexterm>
770 </listitem>
771 </varlistentry>
772
773 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
774 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
775 <listitem>
776 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
777 checksums</para>
778 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
779 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
780 </indexterm>
781 </listitem>
782 </varlistentry>
783
784 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
785 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
786 <listitem>
787 <para>Prints or checks SHA224 checksums</para>
788 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
789 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
790 </indexterm>
791 </listitem>
792 </varlistentry>
793
794 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
795 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
796 <listitem>
797 <para>Prints or checks SHA256 checksums</para>
798 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
799 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
800 </indexterm>
801 </listitem>
802 </varlistentry>
803
804 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
805 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
806 <listitem>
807 <para>Prints or checks SHA384 checksums</para>
808 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
809 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
810 </indexterm>
811 </listitem>
812 </varlistentry>
813
814 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
815 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
816 <listitem>
817 <para>Prints or checks SHA512 checksums</para>
818 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
819 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
820 </indexterm>
821 </listitem>
822 </varlistentry>
823
824 <varlistentry id="shred">
825 <term><command>shred</command></term>
826 <listitem>
827 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
828 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
829 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
830 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
831 </indexterm>
832 </listitem>
833 </varlistentry>
834
835 <varlistentry id="shuf">
836 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
837 <listitem>
838 <para>Write a random permutation of the input lines to standard output or a file</para>
839 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
840 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
841 </indexterm>
842 </listitem>
843 </varlistentry>
844
845 <varlistentry id="sleep">
846 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
847 <listitem>
848 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
849 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
850 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
851 </indexterm>
852 </listitem>
853 </varlistentry>
854
855 <varlistentry id="sort">
856 <term><command>sort</command></term>
857 <listitem>
858 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
859 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
860 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
861 </indexterm>
862 </listitem>
863 </varlistentry>
864
865 <varlistentry id="split">
866 <term><command>split</command></term>
867 <listitem>
868 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
869 lines</para>
870 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
871 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
872 </indexterm>
873 </listitem>
874 </varlistentry>
875
876 <varlistentry id="stat">
877 <term><command>stat</command></term>
878 <listitem>
879 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
880 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
881 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
882 </indexterm>
883 </listitem>
884 </varlistentry>
885
886 <varlistentry id="stty">
887 <term><command>stty</command></term>
888 <listitem>
889 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
890 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
891 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
892 </indexterm>
893 </listitem>
894 </varlistentry>
895
896 <varlistentry id="sum">
897 <term><command>sum</command></term>
898 <listitem>
899 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
900 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
901 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
902 </indexterm>
903 </listitem>
904 </varlistentry>
905
906 <varlistentry id="sync">
907 <term><command>sync</command></term>
908 <listitem>
909 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
910 and updates the super block</para>
911 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
912 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
913 </indexterm>
914 </listitem>
915 </varlistentry>
916
917 <varlistentry id="tac">
918 <term><command>tac</command></term>
919 <listitem>
920 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
921 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
922 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
923 </indexterm>
924 </listitem>
925 </varlistentry>
926
927 <varlistentry id="tail">
928 <term><command>tail</command></term>
929 <listitem>
930 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
931 given file</para>
932 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
933 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
934 </indexterm>
935 </listitem>
936 </varlistentry>
937
938 <varlistentry id="tee">
939 <term><command>tee</command></term>
940 <listitem>
941 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
942 and to the given files</para>
943 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
944 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
945 </indexterm>
946 </listitem>
947 </varlistentry>
948
949 <varlistentry id="test">
950 <term><command>test</command> or <command>[</command></term>
951 <listitem>
952 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
953 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
954 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
955 </indexterm>
956 </listitem>
957 </varlistentry>
958
959 <varlistentry id="timeout">
960 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
961 <listitem>
962 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
963 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
964 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
965 </indexterm>
966 </listitem>
967 </varlistentry>
968
969 <varlistentry id="touch">
970 <term><command>touch</command></term>
971 <listitem>
972 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
973 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
974 are created with zero length</para>
975 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
976 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
977 </indexterm>
978 </listitem>
979 </varlistentry>
980
981 <varlistentry id="tr">
982 <term><command>tr</command></term>
983 <listitem>
984 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
985 standard input</para>
986 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
987 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
988 </indexterm>
989 </listitem>
990 </varlistentry>
991
992 <varlistentry id="true">
993 <term><command>true</command></term>
994 <listitem>
995 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
996 indicating success</para>
997 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
998 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
999 </indexterm>
1000 </listitem>
1001 </varlistentry>
1002
1003 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1004 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1005 <listitem>
1006 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1007 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1008 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1009 </indexterm>
1010 </listitem>
1011 </varlistentry>
1012
1013 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1014 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1015 <listitem>
1016 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1017 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1018 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1019 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1020 </indexterm>
1021 </listitem>
1022 </varlistentry>
1023
1024 <varlistentry id="tty">
1025 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1026 <listitem>
1027 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1028 input</para>
1029 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1030 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1031 </indexterm>
1032 </listitem>
1033 </varlistentry>
1034
1035 <varlistentry id="uname">
1036 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1037 <listitem>
1038 <para>Reports system information</para>
1039 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1040 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1041 </indexterm>
1042 </listitem>
1043 </varlistentry>
1044
1045 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1046 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1047 <listitem>
1048 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1049 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1050 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1051 </indexterm>
1052 </listitem>
1053 </varlistentry>
1054
1055 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1056 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1057 <listitem>
1058 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1059 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1060 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1061 </indexterm>
1062 </listitem>
1063 </varlistentry>
1064
1065 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1066 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1067 <listitem>
1068 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1069 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1070 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1071 </indexterm>
1072 </listitem>
1073 </varlistentry>
1074
1075 <varlistentry id="users">
1076 <term><command>users</command></term>
1077 <listitem>
1078 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1079 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1080 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1081 </indexterm>
1082 </listitem>
1083 </varlistentry>
1084
1085 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1086 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1087 <listitem>
1088 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1089 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1090 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1091 </indexterm>
1092 </listitem>
1093 </varlistentry>
1094
1095 <varlistentry id="wc">
1096 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1097 <listitem>
1098 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1099 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1100 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1101 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1102 </indexterm>
1103 </listitem>
1104 </varlistentry>
1105
1106 <varlistentry id="who">
1107 <term><command>who</command></term>
1108 <listitem>
1109 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1110 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1111 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1112 </indexterm>
1113 </listitem>
1114 </varlistentry>
1115
1116 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1117 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1118 <listitem>
1119 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1120 user ID</para>
1121 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1122 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1123 </indexterm>
1124 </listitem>
1125 </varlistentry>
1126
1127 <varlistentry id="yes">
1128 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1129 <listitem>
1130 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1131 killed</para>
1132 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1133 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1134 </indexterm>
1135 </listitem>
1136 </varlistentry>
1137
1138 </variablelist>
1139
1140 </sect2>
1141
1142</sect1>
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