source: BOOK/final-system/common/coreutils.xml@ 8150908

clfs-2.1 clfs-3.0.0-systemd clfs-3.0.0-sysvinit systemd sysvinit
Last change on this file since 8150908 was 3793d78d, checked in by Jonathan Norman <jon@…>, 12 years ago

Added configuration option to final coreutils to allow building as root user
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 40.8 KB
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
14 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
15 </indexterm>
16
17 <sect2 role="package">
18 <title/>
19
20 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
21 basic system characteristics.</para>
22
23 </sect2>
24
25 <sect2 role="installation">
26 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
27
28 <para os="p1">A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
29 this package is that the <option>-p</option> switch always
30 returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
31 fixes this behavior for all architectures:</para>
32
33<screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
34
35 <para os="c">Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
36
37<screen os="d"><userinput>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 \
38 ./configure --prefix=/usr \
39 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime \
40 --enable-install-program=hostname</userinput></screen>
41
42 <variablelist os="d1">
43 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
44
45 <varlistentry os="d2">
46 <term><parameter>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</parameter></term>
47 <listitem>
48 <para>Forces Coreutils to compile when using the root user.</para>
49 </listitem>
50 </varlistentry>
51
52 </variablelist>
53
54 <para os="e">Compile the package:</para>
55
56<screen os="f"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
57
58 <para os="g">The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the
59 presence of system users and groups that are not valid within the minimal
60 environment that exists at the moment. Therefore, additional items need
61 to be set up before running the tests. Skip down to <quote>Install the
62 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
63
64 <para os="h">Create two <systemitem class="groupname">dummy</systemitem> groups
65 and a <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
66
67<screen os="i"><userinput>echo "dummy1:x:1000:" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
68echo "dummy2:x:1001:dummy" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
69echo "dummy:x:1000:1000::/root:/bin/bash" &gt;&gt; /etc/passwd</userinput></screen>
70
71 <para os="j">Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run
72 the tests that are meant to be run as user
73 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
74
75<screen os="k"><userinput>make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=dummy check-root</userinput></screen>
76
77 <para os="l">The testsuite will now be run as the
78 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user. Fix the permissions
79 for a few files to allow this:</para>
80
81<screen os="m"><userinput>chown -Rv dummy config.log {gnulib-tests,lib,src,tests}</userinput></screen>
82
83 <para os="n">Then run the remainder of the tests as the
84 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
85
86<screen os="o"><userinput>src/su dummy -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
87
88 <para os="p">When testing is complete, remove the
89 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user and groups:</para>
90
91<screen os="q"><userinput>sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/passwd /etc/group</userinput></screen>
92
93 <para os="r">Install the package:</para>
94
95<screen os="s"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
96
97 <para os="t">Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
98
99<screen os="u"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date} /bin
100mv -v /usr/bin/{dd,df,echo,false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod} /bin
101mv -v /usr/bin/{mv,pwd,rm,rmdir,stty,true,uname} /bin
102mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
103
104 <para os="v">Other Coreutils programs are used by some of the scripts
105 in the CLFS-Bootscripts package. As <filename
106 class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the early
107 stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition:</para>
108
109<screen os="w"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{[,basename,head,install,nice} /bin
110mv -v /usr/bin/{readlink,sleep,sync,test,touch} /bin
111ln -svf ../../bin/install /usr/bin</userinput></screen>
112
113 </sect2>
114
115 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
116 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
117
118 <segmentedlist>
119 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
120 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
121 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
122
123 <seglistitem>
124 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot,
125 cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du,
126 echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head,
127 hostid, hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum,
128 mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk,
129 pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq,
130 sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf,
131 sleep, sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test,
132 timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq,
133 unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
134 <seg>libstdbuf.so</seg>
135 <seg>/usr/lib/coreutils</seg>
136 </seglistitem>
137 </segmentedlist>
138
139 <variablelist>
140 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
141 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
142 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
143
144 <varlistentry id="base64">
145 <term><command>base64</command></term>
146 <listitem>
147 <para>Base64 encode/decode data and print to standard output</para>
148 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
149 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
150 </indexterm>
151 </listitem>
152 </varlistentry>
153
154 <varlistentry id="basename">
155 <term><command>basename</command></term>
156 <listitem>
157 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
158 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
159 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
160 </indexterm>
161 </listitem>
162 </varlistentry>
163
164 <varlistentry id="cat">
165 <term><command>cat</command></term>
166 <listitem>
167 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
168 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
169 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
170 </indexterm>
171 </listitem>
172 </varlistentry>
173
174 <varlistentry id="chcon">
175 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
176 <listitem>
177 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
178 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
179 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
180 </indexterm>
181 </listitem>
182 </varlistentry>
183
184 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
185 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
186 <listitem>
187 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
188 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
189 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
190 </indexterm>
191 </listitem>
192 </varlistentry>
193
194 <varlistentry id="chmod">
195 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
196 <listitem>
197 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
198 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
199 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
200 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
201 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
202 </indexterm>
203 </listitem>
204 </varlistentry>
205
206 <varlistentry id="chown">
207 <term><command>chown</command></term>
208 <listitem>
209 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
210 directories</para>
211 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
212 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
213 </indexterm>
214 </listitem>
215 </varlistentry>
216
217 <varlistentry id="chroot">
218 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
219 <listitem>
220 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
221 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
222 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
223 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
224 </indexterm>
225 </listitem>
226 </varlistentry>
227
228 <varlistentry id="cksum">
229 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
230 <listitem>
231 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
232 counts of each specified file</para>
233 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
234 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
235 </indexterm>
236 </listitem>
237 </varlistentry>
238
239 <varlistentry id="comm">
240 <term><command>comm</command></term>
241 <listitem>
242 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
243 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
244 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
245 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
246 </indexterm>
247 </listitem>
248 </varlistentry>
249
250 <varlistentry id="cp">
251 <term><command>cp</command></term>
252 <listitem>
253 <para>Copies files</para>
254 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
255 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
256 </indexterm>
257 </listitem>
258 </varlistentry>
259
260 <varlistentry id="csplit">
261 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
262 <listitem>
263 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
264 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
265 count of each new file</para>
266 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
267 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
268 </indexterm>
269 </listitem>
270 </varlistentry>
271
272 <varlistentry id="cut">
273 <term><command>cut</command></term>
274 <listitem>
275 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
276 fields or positions</para>
277 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
278 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
279 </indexterm>
280 </listitem>
281 </varlistentry>
282
283 <varlistentry id="date">
284 <term><command>date</command></term>
285 <listitem>
286 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
287 system date</para>
288 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
289 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
290 </indexterm>
291 </listitem>
292 </varlistentry>
293
294 <varlistentry id="dd">
295 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
296 <listitem>
297 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
298 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
299 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
300 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
301 </indexterm>
302 </listitem>
303 </varlistentry>
304
305 <varlistentry id="df">
306 <term><command>df</command></term>
307 <listitem>
308 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
309 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
310 files</para>
311 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
312 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
313 </indexterm>
314 </listitem>
315 </varlistentry>
316
317 <varlistentry id="dir">
318 <term><command>dir</command></term>
319 <listitem>
320 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
321 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
322 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
323 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
324 </indexterm>
325 </listitem>
326 </varlistentry>
327
328 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
329 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
330 <listitem>
331 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
332 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
333 <command>ls</command></para>
334 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
335 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
336 </indexterm>
337 </listitem>
338 </varlistentry>
339
340 <varlistentry id="dirname">
341 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
342 <listitem>
343 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
344 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
345 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
346 </indexterm>
347 </listitem>
348 </varlistentry>
349
350 <varlistentry id="du">
351 <term><command>du</command></term>
352 <listitem>
353 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
354 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
355 each of the given files</para>
356 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
357 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
358 </indexterm>
359 </listitem>
360 </varlistentry>
361
362 <varlistentry id="echo">
363 <term><command>echo</command></term>
364 <listitem>
365 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
366 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
367 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
368 </indexterm>
369 </listitem>
370 </varlistentry>
371
372 <varlistentry id="env">
373 <term><command>env</command></term>
374 <listitem>
375 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
376 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
377 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
378 </indexterm>
379 </listitem>
380 </varlistentry>
381
382 <varlistentry id="expand">
383 <term><command>expand</command></term>
384 <listitem>
385 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
386 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
387 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
388 </indexterm>
389 </listitem>
390 </varlistentry>
391
392 <varlistentry id="expr">
393 <term><command>expr</command></term>
394 <listitem>
395 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
396 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
397 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
398 </indexterm>
399 </listitem>
400 </varlistentry>
401
402 <varlistentry id="factor">
403 <term><command>factor</command></term>
404 <listitem>
405 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
406 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
407 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
408 </indexterm>
409 </listitem>
410 </varlistentry>
411
412 <varlistentry id="false">
413 <term><command>false</command></term>
414 <listitem>
415 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
416 indicating failure</para>
417 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
418 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
419 </indexterm>
420 </listitem>
421 </varlistentry>
422
423 <varlistentry id="fmt">
424 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
425 <listitem>
426 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
427 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
428 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
429 </indexterm>
430 </listitem>
431 </varlistentry>
432
433 <varlistentry id="fold">
434 <term><command>fold</command></term>
435 <listitem>
436 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
437 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
438 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
439 </indexterm>
440 </listitem>
441 </varlistentry>
442
443 <varlistentry id="groups">
444 <term><command>groups</command></term>
445 <listitem>
446 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
447 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
448 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
449 </indexterm>
450 </listitem>
451 </varlistentry>
452
453 <varlistentry id="head">
454 <term><command>head</command></term>
455 <listitem>
456 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
457 of each given file</para>
458 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
459 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
460 </indexterm>
461 </listitem>
462 </varlistentry>
463
464 <varlistentry id="hostid">
465 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
466 <listitem>
467 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
468 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
469 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
470 </indexterm>
471 </listitem>
472 </varlistentry>
473
474 <varlistentry id="hostname">
475 <term><command>hostname</command></term>
476 <listitem>
477 <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
478 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
479 <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
480 </indexterm>
481 </listitem>
482 </varlistentry>
483
484 <varlistentry id="id">
485 <term><command>id</command></term>
486 <listitem>
487 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
488 of the current user or specified user</para>
489 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
490 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
491 </indexterm>
492 </listitem>
493 </varlistentry>
494
495 <varlistentry id="install">
496 <term><command>install</command> </term>
497 <listitem>
498 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
499 possible, their owner and group</para>
500 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
501 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
502 </indexterm>
503 </listitem>
504 </varlistentry>
505
506 <varlistentry id="join">
507 <term><command>join</command></term>
508 <listitem>
509 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
510 separate files</para>
511 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
512 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
513 </indexterm>
514 </listitem>
515 </varlistentry>
516
517 <varlistentry id="link">
518 <term><command>link</command></term>
519 <listitem>
520 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
521 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
522 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
523 </indexterm>
524 </listitem>
525 </varlistentry>
526
527 <varlistentry id="ln">
528 <term><command>ln</command></term>
529 <listitem>
530 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
531 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
532 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
533 </indexterm>
534 </listitem>
535 </varlistentry>
536
537 <varlistentry id="logname">
538 <term><command>logname</command></term>
539 <listitem>
540 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
541 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
542 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
543 </indexterm>
544 </listitem>
545 </varlistentry>
546
547 <varlistentry id="ls">
548 <term><command>ls</command></term>
549 <listitem>
550 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
551 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
552 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
553 </indexterm>
554 </listitem>
555 </varlistentry>
556
557 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
558 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
559 <listitem>
560 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
561 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
562 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
563 </indexterm>
564 </listitem>
565 </varlistentry>
566
567 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
568 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
569 <listitem>
570 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
571 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
572 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
573 </indexterm>
574 </listitem>
575 </varlistentry>
576
577 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
578 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
579 <listitem>
580 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
581 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
582 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
583 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
584 </indexterm>
585 </listitem>
586 </varlistentry>
587
588 <varlistentry id="mknod">
589 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
590 <listitem>
591 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
592 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
593 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
594 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
595 </indexterm>
596 </listitem>
597 </varlistentry>
598
599 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
600 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
601 <listitem>
602 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in
603 scripts</para>
604 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
605 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
606 </indexterm>
607 </listitem>
608 </varlistentry>
609
610 <varlistentry id="mv">
611 <term><command>mv</command></term>
612 <listitem>
613 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
614 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
615 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
616 </indexterm>
617 </listitem>
618 </varlistentry>
619
620 <varlistentry id="nice">
621 <term><command>nice</command></term>
622 <listitem>
623 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
624 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
625 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
626 </indexterm>
627 </listitem>
628 </varlistentry>
629
630 <varlistentry id="nl">
631 <term><command>nl</command></term>
632 <listitem>
633 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
634 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
635 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
636 </indexterm>
637 </listitem>
638 </varlistentry>
639
640 <varlistentry id="nohup">
641 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
642 <listitem>
643 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
644 a log file</para>
645 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
646 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
647 </indexterm>
648 </listitem>
649 </varlistentry>
650
651 <varlistentry id="od">
652 <term><command>od</command></term>
653 <listitem>
654 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
655 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
656 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
657 </indexterm>
658 </listitem>
659 </varlistentry>
660
661 <varlistentry id="paste">
662 <term><command>paste</command></term>
663 <listitem>
664 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
665 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
666 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
667 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
668 </indexterm>
669 </listitem>
670 </varlistentry>
671
672 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
673 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
674 <listitem>
675 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
676 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
677 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
678 </indexterm>
679 </listitem>
680 </varlistentry>
681
682 <varlistentry id="pinky">
683 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
684 <listitem>
685 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
686 about the given users</para>
687 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
688 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
689 </indexterm>
690 </listitem>
691 </varlistentry>
692
693 <varlistentry id="pr">
694 <term><command>pr</command></term>
695 <listitem>
696 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
697 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
698 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
699 </indexterm>
700 </listitem>
701 </varlistentry>
702
703 <varlistentry id="printenv">
704 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
705 <listitem>
706 <para>Prints the environment</para>
707 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
708 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
709 </indexterm>
710 </listitem>
711 </varlistentry>
712
713 <varlistentry id="printf">
714 <term><command>printf</command></term>
715 <listitem>
716 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
717 like the C printf function</para>
718 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
719 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
720 </indexterm>
721 </listitem>
722 </varlistentry>
723
724 <varlistentry id="ptx">
725 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
726 <listitem>
727 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
728 with each keyword in its context</para>
729 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
730 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
731 </indexterm>
732 </listitem>
733 </varlistentry>
734
735 <varlistentry id="pwd">
736 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
737 <listitem>
738 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
739 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
740 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
741 </indexterm>
742 </listitem>
743 </varlistentry>
744
745 <varlistentry id="readlink">
746 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
747 <listitem>
748 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
749 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
750 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
751 </indexterm>
752 </listitem>
753 </varlistentry>
754
755 <varlistentry id="rm">
756 <term><command>rm</command></term>
757 <listitem>
758 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
759 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
760 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
761 </indexterm>
762 </listitem>
763 </varlistentry>
764
765 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
766 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
767 <listitem>
768 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
769 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
770 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
771 </indexterm>
772 </listitem>
773 </varlistentry>
774
775 <varlistentry id="runcon">
776 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
777 <listitem>
778 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
779 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
780 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
781 </indexterm>
782 </listitem>
783 </varlistentry>
784
785 <varlistentry id="seq">
786 <term><command>seq</command></term>
787 <listitem>
788 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
789 given increment</para>
790 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
791 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
792 </indexterm>
793 </listitem>
794 </varlistentry>
795
796 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
797 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
798 <listitem>
799 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
800 checksums</para>
801 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
802 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
803 </indexterm>
804 </listitem>
805 </varlistentry>
806
807 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
808 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
809 <listitem>
810 <para>Prints or checks SHA224 checksums</para>
811 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
812 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
813 </indexterm>
814 </listitem>
815 </varlistentry>
816
817 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
818 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
819 <listitem>
820 <para>Prints or checks SHA256 checksums</para>
821 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
822 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
823 </indexterm>
824 </listitem>
825 </varlistentry>
826
827 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
828 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
829 <listitem>
830 <para>Prints or checks SHA384 checksums</para>
831 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
832 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
833 </indexterm>
834 </listitem>
835 </varlistentry>
836
837 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
838 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
839 <listitem>
840 <para>Prints or checks SHA512 checksums</para>
841 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
842 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
843 </indexterm>
844 </listitem>
845 </varlistentry>
846
847 <varlistentry id="shred">
848 <term><command>shred</command></term>
849 <listitem>
850 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
851 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
852 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
853 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
854 </indexterm>
855 </listitem>
856 </varlistentry>
857
858 <varlistentry id="shuf">
859 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
860 <listitem>
861 <para>Write a random permutation of the input lines to standard output or a file</para>
862 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
863 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
864 </indexterm>
865 </listitem>
866 </varlistentry>
867
868 <varlistentry id="sleep">
869 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
870 <listitem>
871 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
872 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
873 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
874 </indexterm>
875 </listitem>
876 </varlistentry>
877
878 <varlistentry id="sort">
879 <term><command>sort</command></term>
880 <listitem>
881 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
882 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
883 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
884 </indexterm>
885 </listitem>
886 </varlistentry>
887
888 <varlistentry id="split">
889 <term><command>split</command></term>
890 <listitem>
891 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
892 lines</para>
893 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
894 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
895 </indexterm>
896 </listitem>
897 </varlistentry>
898
899 <varlistentry id="stat">
900 <term><command>stat</command></term>
901 <listitem>
902 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
903 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
904 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
905 </indexterm>
906 </listitem>
907 </varlistentry>
908
909 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
910 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
911 <listitem>
912 <para>Runs a command with modified buffering operations for its
913 standard streams</para>
914 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
915 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
916 </indexterm>
917 </listitem>
918 </varlistentry>
919
920 <varlistentry id="stty">
921 <term><command>stty</command></term>
922 <listitem>
923 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
924 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
925 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
926 </indexterm>
927 </listitem>
928 </varlistentry>
929
930 <varlistentry id="sum">
931 <term><command>sum</command></term>
932 <listitem>
933 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
934 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
935 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
936 </indexterm>
937 </listitem>
938 </varlistentry>
939
940 <varlistentry id="sync">
941 <term><command>sync</command></term>
942 <listitem>
943 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
944 and updates the super block</para>
945 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
946 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
947 </indexterm>
948 </listitem>
949 </varlistentry>
950
951 <varlistentry id="tac">
952 <term><command>tac</command></term>
953 <listitem>
954 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
955 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
956 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
957 </indexterm>
958 </listitem>
959 </varlistentry>
960
961 <varlistentry id="tail">
962 <term><command>tail</command></term>
963 <listitem>
964 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
965 given file</para>
966 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
967 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
968 </indexterm>
969 </listitem>
970 </varlistentry>
971
972 <varlistentry id="tee">
973 <term><command>tee</command></term>
974 <listitem>
975 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
976 and to the given files</para>
977 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
978 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
979 </indexterm>
980 </listitem>
981 </varlistentry>
982
983 <varlistentry id="test">
984 <term><command>test</command> or <command>[</command></term>
985 <listitem>
986 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
987 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
988 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
989 </indexterm>
990 </listitem>
991 </varlistentry>
992
993 <varlistentry id="timeout">
994 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
995 <listitem>
996 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
997 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
998 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
999 </indexterm>
1000 </listitem>
1001 </varlistentry>
1002
1003 <varlistentry id="touch">
1004 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1005 <listitem>
1006 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1007 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1008 are created with zero length</para>
1009 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1010 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1011 </indexterm>
1012 </listitem>
1013 </varlistentry>
1014
1015 <varlistentry id="tr">
1016 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1017 <listitem>
1018 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1019 standard input</para>
1020 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1021 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1022 </indexterm>
1023 </listitem>
1024 </varlistentry>
1025
1026 <varlistentry id="true">
1027 <term><command>true</command></term>
1028 <listitem>
1029 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1030 indicating success</para>
1031 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1032 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1033 </indexterm>
1034 </listitem>
1035 </varlistentry>
1036
1037 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1038 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1039 <listitem>
1040 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1041 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1042 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1043 </indexterm>
1044 </listitem>
1045 </varlistentry>
1046
1047 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1048 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1049 <listitem>
1050 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1051 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1052 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1053 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1054 </indexterm>
1055 </listitem>
1056 </varlistentry>
1057
1058 <varlistentry id="tty">
1059 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1060 <listitem>
1061 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1062 input</para>
1063 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1064 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1065 </indexterm>
1066 </listitem>
1067 </varlistentry>
1068
1069 <varlistentry id="uname">
1070 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1071 <listitem>
1072 <para>Reports system information</para>
1073 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1074 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1075 </indexterm>
1076 </listitem>
1077 </varlistentry>
1078
1079 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1080 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1081 <listitem>
1082 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1083 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1084 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1085 </indexterm>
1086 </listitem>
1087 </varlistentry>
1088
1089 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1090 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1091 <listitem>
1092 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1093 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1094 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1095 </indexterm>
1096 </listitem>
1097 </varlistentry>
1098
1099 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1100 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1101 <listitem>
1102 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1103 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1104 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1105 </indexterm>
1106 </listitem>
1107 </varlistentry>
1108
1109 <varlistentry id="users">
1110 <term><command>users</command></term>
1111 <listitem>
1112 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1113 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1114 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1115 </indexterm>
1116 </listitem>
1117 </varlistentry>
1118
1119 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1120 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1121 <listitem>
1122 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1123 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1124 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1125 </indexterm>
1126 </listitem>
1127 </varlistentry>
1128
1129 <varlistentry id="wc">
1130 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1131 <listitem>
1132 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1133 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1134 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1135 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1136 </indexterm>
1137 </listitem>
1138 </varlistentry>
1139
1140 <varlistentry id="who">
1141 <term><command>who</command></term>
1142 <listitem>
1143 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1144 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1145 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1146 </indexterm>
1147 </listitem>
1148 </varlistentry>
1149
1150 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1151 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1152 <listitem>
1153 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1154 user ID</para>
1155 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1156 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1157 </indexterm>
1158 </listitem>
1159 </varlistentry>
1160
1161 <varlistentry id="yes">
1162 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1163 <listitem>
1164 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1165 killed</para>
1166 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1167 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1168 </indexterm>
1169 </listitem>
1170 </varlistentry>
1171
1172 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
1173 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term>
1174 <listitem>
1175 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1176 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
1177 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary>
1178 </indexterm>
1179 </listitem>
1180 </varlistentry>
1181
1182 </variablelist>
1183
1184 </sect2>
1185
1186</sect1>
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