source: BOOK/final-system/common/coreutils.xml @ 7ee340e4

clfs-1.2clfs-2.1clfs-3.0.0-systemdclfs-3.0.0-sysvinitsystemdsysvinit
Last change on this file since 7ee340e4 was 7ee340e4, checked in by Jim Gifford <clfs@…>, 17 years ago

Added Patch to Prevent Segfault in ls for Coreutils 6.5
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 35.6 KB
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
3  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
4  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5  %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9  <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11  <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
12
13  <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
14    <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
15  </indexterm>
16
17  <sect2 role="package">
18    <title/>
19
20    <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
21    basic system characteristics.</para>
22
23  </sect2>
24
25  <sect2 role="installation">
26    <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
27
28    <para os="a">Prevent Coreutils from installing binaries that will be
29    installed by other packages:</para>
30
31<screen os="b"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-suppress-patch;</userinput></screen>
32
33    <para os="p1">A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
34    this package is that the <option>-p</option> switch always
35    returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
36    fixes this behavior for all architectures:</para>
37
38<screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
39
40    <para os="p3">Fixes a Segfault issue with the <command>ls</command>:</para>
41
42<screen os="p4"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-id_cache-patch;</userinput></screen>
43
44    <para os="c">Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
45
46<screen os="d"><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput></screen>
47
48    <para os="e">Compile the package:</para>
49
50<screen os="f"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
51
52    <para os="g">The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the
53    presence of system users and groups that are not valid within the minimal
54    environment that exists at the moment. Therefore, additional items need
55    to be set up before running the tests. Skip down to <quote>Install the
56    package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
57
58    <para os="h">Create two <systemitem class="groupname">dummy</systemitem> groups
59    and a <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
60
61<screen os="i"><userinput>echo "dummy1:x:1000:" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
62echo "dummy2:x:1001:dummy" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
63echo "dummy:x:1000:1000::/root:/bin/bash" &gt;&gt; /etc/passwd</userinput></screen>
64
65    <para os="j">Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run
66    the tests that are meant to be run as user
67    <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
68
69<screen os="k"><userinput>make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=dummy check-root</userinput></screen>
70
71    <para os="l">Then run the remainder of the tests as the
72    <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
73
74<screen os="m"><userinput>src/su dummy -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
75
76    <para os="n">When testing is complete, remove the
77    <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user and groups:</para>
78
79<screen os="o"><userinput>sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/passwd /etc/group</userinput></screen>
80
81    <para os="p">Install the package:</para>
82
83<screen os="q"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
84
85    <para os="r">Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
86
87<screen os="s"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date} /bin
88mv -v /usr/bin/{dd,df,echo,false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod} /bin
89mv -v /usr/bin/{mv,pwd,rm,rmdir,stty,true,uname} /bin
90mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
91
92    <para os="t">Other Coreutils programs are used by some of the scripts
93    in the CLFS-Bootscripts package. As <filename
94    class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the early
95    stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition:</para>
96
97<screen os="u"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{[,basename,head,install,nice} /bin
98mv -v /usr/bin/{readlink,sleep,sync,test,touch} /bin
99ln -svf ../../bin/install /usr/bin</userinput></screen>
100
101  </sect2>
102
103  <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
104    <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
105
106    <segmentedlist>
107      <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
108
109      <seglistitem>
110        <seg>[, basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
111        comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du,
112        echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head,
113        hostid, hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum,
114        mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk, pinky,
115        pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq, sha1sum,
116        shred, sleep, sort, split, stat, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee,
117        test, touch, tr, true, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink,
118        users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
119      </seglistitem>
120    </segmentedlist>
121
122    <variablelist>
123      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
124      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
125      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
126
127      <varlistentry id="basename">
128        <term><command>basename</command></term>
129        <listitem>
130          <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
131          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
132            <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
133          </indexterm>
134        </listitem>
135      </varlistentry>
136
137      <varlistentry id="cat">
138        <term><command>cat</command></term>
139        <listitem>
140          <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
141          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
142            <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
143          </indexterm>
144        </listitem>
145      </varlistentry>
146
147      <varlistentry id="chgrp">
148        <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
149        <listitem>
150          <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
151          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
152            <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
153          </indexterm>
154        </listitem>
155      </varlistentry>
156
157      <varlistentry id="chmod">
158        <term><command>chmod</command></term>
159        <listitem>
160          <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
161          can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
162          octal number representing the new permissions</para>
163          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
164            <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
165          </indexterm>
166        </listitem>
167      </varlistentry>
168
169      <varlistentry id="chown">
170        <term><command>chown</command></term>
171        <listitem>
172          <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
173          directories</para>
174          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
175            <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
176          </indexterm>
177        </listitem>
178      </varlistentry>
179
180      <varlistentry id="chroot">
181        <term><command>chroot</command></term>
182        <listitem>
183          <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
184          <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
185          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
186            <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
187          </indexterm>
188        </listitem>
189      </varlistentry>
190
191      <varlistentry id="cksum">
192        <term><command>cksum</command></term>
193        <listitem>
194          <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
195          counts of each specified file</para>
196          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
197            <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
198          </indexterm>
199        </listitem>
200      </varlistentry>
201
202      <varlistentry id="comm">
203        <term><command>comm</command></term>
204        <listitem>
205          <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
206          that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
207          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
208            <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
209          </indexterm>
210        </listitem>
211      </varlistentry>
212
213      <varlistentry id="cp">
214        <term><command>cp</command></term>
215        <listitem>
216          <para>Copies files</para>
217          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
218            <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
219          </indexterm>
220        </listitem>
221      </varlistentry>
222
223      <varlistentry id="csplit">
224        <term><command>csplit</command></term>
225        <listitem>
226          <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
227          according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
228          count of each new file</para>
229          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
230            <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
231          </indexterm>
232        </listitem>
233      </varlistentry>
234
235      <varlistentry id="cut">
236        <term><command>cut</command></term>
237        <listitem>
238          <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
239          fields or positions</para>
240          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
241            <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
242          </indexterm>
243        </listitem>
244      </varlistentry>
245
246      <varlistentry id="date">
247        <term><command>date</command></term>
248        <listitem>
249          <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
250          system date</para>
251          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
252            <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
253          </indexterm>
254        </listitem>
255      </varlistentry>
256
257      <varlistentry id="dd">
258        <term><command>dd</command> </term>
259        <listitem>
260          <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
261          optionally performing conversions on it</para>
262          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
263            <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
264          </indexterm>
265        </listitem>
266      </varlistentry>
267
268      <varlistentry id="df">
269        <term><command>df</command></term>
270        <listitem>
271          <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
272          mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
273          files</para>
274          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
275            <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
276          </indexterm>
277        </listitem>
278      </varlistentry>
279
280      <varlistentry id="dir">
281        <term><command>dir</command></term>
282        <listitem>
283          <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
284          the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
285          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
286            <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
287          </indexterm>
288        </listitem>
289      </varlistentry>
290
291      <varlistentry id="dircolors">
292        <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
293        <listitem>
294          <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
295          environment variable to change the color scheme used by
296          <command>ls</command></para>
297          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
298            <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
299          </indexterm>
300        </listitem>
301      </varlistentry>
302
303      <varlistentry id="dirname">
304        <term><command>dirname</command></term>
305        <listitem>
306          <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
307          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
308            <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
309          </indexterm>
310        </listitem>
311      </varlistentry>
312
313      <varlistentry id="du">
314        <term><command>du</command></term>
315        <listitem>
316          <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
317          by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
318          each of the given files</para>
319          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
320            <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
321          </indexterm>
322        </listitem>
323      </varlistentry>
324
325      <varlistentry id="echo">
326        <term><command>echo</command></term>
327        <listitem>
328          <para>Displays the given strings</para>
329          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
330            <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
331          </indexterm>
332        </listitem>
333      </varlistentry>
334
335      <varlistentry id="env">
336        <term><command>env</command></term>
337        <listitem>
338          <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
339          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
340            <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
341          </indexterm>
342        </listitem>
343      </varlistentry>
344
345      <varlistentry id="expand">
346        <term><command>expand</command></term>
347        <listitem>
348          <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
349          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
350            <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
351          </indexterm>
352        </listitem>
353      </varlistentry>
354
355      <varlistentry id="expr">
356        <term><command>expr</command></term>
357        <listitem>
358          <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
359          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
360            <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
361          </indexterm>
362        </listitem>
363      </varlistentry>
364
365      <varlistentry id="factor">
366        <term><command>factor</command></term>
367        <listitem>
368          <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
369          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
370            <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
371          </indexterm>
372        </listitem>
373      </varlistentry>
374
375      <varlistentry id="false">
376        <term><command>false</command></term>
377        <listitem>
378          <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
379          indicating failure</para>
380          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
381            <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
382          </indexterm>
383        </listitem>
384      </varlistentry>
385
386      <varlistentry id="fmt">
387        <term><command>fmt</command></term>
388        <listitem>
389          <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
390          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
391            <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
392          </indexterm>
393        </listitem>
394      </varlistentry>
395
396      <varlistentry id="fold">
397        <term><command>fold</command></term>
398        <listitem>
399          <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
400          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
401            <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
402          </indexterm>
403        </listitem>
404      </varlistentry>
405
406      <varlistentry id="groups">
407        <term><command>groups</command></term>
408        <listitem>
409          <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
410          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
411            <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
412          </indexterm>
413        </listitem>
414      </varlistentry>
415
416      <varlistentry id="head">
417        <term><command>head</command></term>
418        <listitem>
419          <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
420          of each given file</para>
421          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
422            <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
423          </indexterm>
424        </listitem>
425      </varlistentry>
426
427      <varlistentry id="hostid">
428        <term><command>hostid</command></term>
429        <listitem>
430          <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
431          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
432            <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
433          </indexterm>
434        </listitem>
435      </varlistentry>
436
437      <varlistentry id="hostname">
438        <term><command>hostname</command></term>
439        <listitem>
440          <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
441          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
442            <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
443          </indexterm>
444        </listitem>
445      </varlistentry>
446
447      <varlistentry id="id">
448        <term><command>id</command></term>
449        <listitem>
450          <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
451          of the current user or specified user</para>
452          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
453            <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
454          </indexterm>
455        </listitem>
456      </varlistentry>
457
458      <varlistentry id="install">
459        <term><command>install</command> </term>
460        <listitem>
461          <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
462          possible, their owner and group</para>
463          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
464            <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
465          </indexterm>
466        </listitem>
467      </varlistentry>
468
469      <varlistentry id="join">
470        <term><command>join</command></term>
471        <listitem>
472          <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
473          separate files</para>
474          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
475            <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
476          </indexterm>
477        </listitem>
478      </varlistentry>
479
480      <varlistentry id="link">
481        <term><command>link</command></term>
482        <listitem>
483          <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
484          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
485            <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
486          </indexterm>
487        </listitem>
488      </varlistentry>
489
490      <varlistentry id="ln">
491        <term><command>ln</command></term>
492        <listitem>
493          <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
494          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
495            <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
496          </indexterm>
497        </listitem>
498      </varlistentry>
499
500      <varlistentry id="logname">
501        <term><command>logname</command></term>
502        <listitem>
503          <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
504          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
505            <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
506          </indexterm>
507        </listitem>
508      </varlistentry>
509
510      <varlistentry id="ls">
511        <term><command>ls</command></term>
512        <listitem>
513          <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
514          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
515            <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
516          </indexterm>
517        </listitem>
518      </varlistentry>
519
520      <varlistentry id="md5sum">
521        <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
522        <listitem>
523          <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
524          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
525            <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
526          </indexterm>
527        </listitem>
528      </varlistentry>
529
530      <varlistentry id="mkdir">
531        <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
532        <listitem>
533          <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
534          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
535            <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
536          </indexterm>
537        </listitem>
538      </varlistentry>
539
540      <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
541        <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
542        <listitem>
543          <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
544          pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
545          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
546            <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
547          </indexterm>
548        </listitem>
549      </varlistentry>
550
551      <varlistentry id="mknod">
552        <term><command>mknod</command></term>
553        <listitem>
554          <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
555          character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
556          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
557            <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
558          </indexterm>
559        </listitem>
560      </varlistentry>
561
562      <varlistentry id="mv">
563        <term><command>mv</command></term>
564        <listitem>
565          <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
566          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
567            <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
568          </indexterm>
569        </listitem>
570      </varlistentry>
571
572      <varlistentry id="nice">
573        <term><command>nice</command></term>
574        <listitem>
575          <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
576          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
577            <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
578          </indexterm>
579        </listitem>
580      </varlistentry>
581
582      <varlistentry id="nl">
583        <term><command>nl</command></term>
584        <listitem>
585          <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
586          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
587            <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
588          </indexterm>
589        </listitem>
590      </varlistentry>
591
592      <varlistentry id="nohup">
593        <term><command>nohup</command></term>
594        <listitem>
595          <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
596          a log file</para>
597          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
598            <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
599          </indexterm>
600        </listitem>
601      </varlistentry>
602
603      <varlistentry id="od">
604        <term><command>od</command></term>
605        <listitem>
606          <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
607          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
608            <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
609          </indexterm>
610        </listitem>
611      </varlistentry>
612
613      <varlistentry id="paste">
614        <term><command>paste</command></term>
615        <listitem>
616          <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
617          side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
618          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
619            <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
620          </indexterm>
621        </listitem>
622      </varlistentry>
623
624      <varlistentry id="pathchk">
625        <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
626        <listitem>
627          <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
628          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
629            <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
630          </indexterm>
631        </listitem>
632      </varlistentry>
633
634      <varlistentry id="pinky">
635        <term><command>pinky</command></term>
636        <listitem>
637          <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
638          about the given users</para>
639          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
640            <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
641          </indexterm>
642        </listitem>
643      </varlistentry>
644
645      <varlistentry id="pr">
646        <term><command>pr</command></term>
647        <listitem>
648          <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
649          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
650            <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
651          </indexterm>
652        </listitem>
653      </varlistentry>
654
655      <varlistentry id="printenv">
656        <term><command>printenv</command></term>
657        <listitem>
658          <para>Prints the environment</para>
659          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
660            <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
661          </indexterm>
662        </listitem>
663      </varlistentry>
664
665      <varlistentry id="printf">
666        <term><command>printf</command></term>
667        <listitem>
668          <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
669          like the C printf function</para>
670          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
671            <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
672          </indexterm>
673        </listitem>
674      </varlistentry>
675
676      <varlistentry id="ptx">
677        <term><command>ptx</command></term>
678        <listitem>
679          <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
680          with each keyword in its context</para>
681          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
682            <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
683          </indexterm>
684        </listitem>
685      </varlistentry>
686
687      <varlistentry id="pwd">
688        <term><command>pwd</command></term>
689        <listitem>
690          <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
691          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
692            <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
693          </indexterm>
694        </listitem>
695      </varlistentry>
696
697      <varlistentry id="readlink">
698        <term><command>readlink</command></term>
699        <listitem>
700          <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
701          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
702            <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
703          </indexterm>
704        </listitem>
705      </varlistentry>
706
707      <varlistentry id="rm">
708        <term><command>rm</command></term>
709        <listitem>
710          <para>Removes files or directories</para>
711          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
712            <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
713          </indexterm>
714        </listitem>
715      </varlistentry>
716
717      <varlistentry id="rmdir">
718        <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
719        <listitem>
720          <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
721          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
722            <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
723          </indexterm>
724        </listitem>
725      </varlistentry>
726
727      <varlistentry id="seq">
728        <term><command>seq</command></term>
729        <listitem>
730          <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
731          given increment</para>
732          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
733            <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
734          </indexterm>
735        </listitem>
736      </varlistentry>
737
738      <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
739        <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
740        <listitem>
741          <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
742          checksums</para>
743          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
744            <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
745          </indexterm>
746        </listitem>
747      </varlistentry>
748
749      <varlistentry id="shred">
750        <term><command>shred</command></term>
751        <listitem>
752          <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
753          making it difficult to recover the data</para>
754          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
755            <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
756          </indexterm>
757        </listitem>
758      </varlistentry>
759
760      <varlistentry id="sleep">
761        <term><command>sleep</command></term>
762        <listitem>
763          <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
764          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
765            <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
766          </indexterm>
767        </listitem>
768      </varlistentry>
769
770      <varlistentry id="sort">
771        <term><command>sort</command></term>
772        <listitem>
773          <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
774          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
775            <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
776          </indexterm>
777        </listitem>
778      </varlistentry>
779
780      <varlistentry id="split">
781        <term><command>split</command></term>
782        <listitem>
783          <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
784          lines</para>
785          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
786            <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
787          </indexterm>
788        </listitem>
789      </varlistentry>
790
791      <varlistentry id="stat">
792        <term><command>stat</command></term>
793        <listitem>
794          <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
795          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
796            <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
797          </indexterm>
798        </listitem>
799      </varlistentry>
800
801      <varlistentry id="stty">
802        <term><command>stty</command></term>
803        <listitem>
804          <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
805          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
806            <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
807          </indexterm>
808        </listitem>
809      </varlistentry>
810
811      <varlistentry id="sum">
812        <term><command>sum</command></term>
813        <listitem>
814          <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
815          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
816            <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
817          </indexterm>
818        </listitem>
819      </varlistentry>
820
821      <varlistentry id="sync">
822        <term><command>sync</command></term>
823        <listitem>
824          <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
825          and updates the super block</para>
826          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
827            <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
828          </indexterm>
829        </listitem>
830      </varlistentry>
831
832      <varlistentry id="tac">
833        <term><command>tac</command></term>
834        <listitem>
835          <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
836          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
837            <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
838          </indexterm>
839        </listitem>
840      </varlistentry>
841
842      <varlistentry id="tail">
843        <term><command>tail</command></term>
844        <listitem>
845          <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
846          given file</para>
847          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
848            <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
849          </indexterm>
850        </listitem>
851      </varlistentry>
852
853      <varlistentry id="tee">
854        <term><command>tee</command></term>
855        <listitem>
856          <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
857          and to the given files</para>
858          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
859            <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
860          </indexterm>
861        </listitem>
862      </varlistentry>
863
864      <varlistentry id="test">
865        <term><command>test</command> or <command>[</command></term>
866        <listitem>
867          <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
868          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
869            <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
870          </indexterm>
871        </listitem>
872      </varlistentry>
873
874      <varlistentry id="touch">
875        <term><command>touch</command></term>
876        <listitem>
877          <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
878          times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
879          are created with zero length</para>
880          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
881            <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
882          </indexterm>
883        </listitem>
884      </varlistentry>
885
886      <varlistentry id="tr">
887        <term><command>tr</command></term>
888        <listitem>
889          <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
890          standard input</para>
891          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
892            <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
893          </indexterm>
894        </listitem>
895      </varlistentry>
896
897      <varlistentry id="true">
898        <term><command>true</command></term>
899        <listitem>
900          <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
901          indicating success</para>
902          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
903            <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
904          </indexterm>
905        </listitem>
906      </varlistentry>
907
908      <varlistentry id="tsort">
909        <term><command>tsort</command></term>
910        <listitem>
911          <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
912          according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
913          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
914            <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
915          </indexterm>
916        </listitem>
917      </varlistentry>
918
919      <varlistentry id="tty">
920        <term><command>tty</command></term>
921        <listitem>
922          <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
923          input</para>
924          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
925            <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
926          </indexterm>
927        </listitem>
928      </varlistentry>
929
930      <varlistentry id="uname">
931        <term><command>uname</command></term>
932        <listitem>
933          <para>Reports system information</para>
934          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
935            <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
936          </indexterm>
937        </listitem>
938      </varlistentry>
939
940      <varlistentry id="unexpand">
941        <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
942        <listitem>
943          <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
944          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
945            <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
946          </indexterm>
947        </listitem>
948      </varlistentry>
949
950      <varlistentry id="uniq">
951        <term><command>uniq</command></term>
952        <listitem>
953          <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
954          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
955            <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
956          </indexterm>
957        </listitem>
958      </varlistentry>
959
960      <varlistentry id="unlink">
961        <term><command>unlink</command></term>
962        <listitem>
963          <para>Removes the given file</para>
964          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
965            <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
966          </indexterm>
967        </listitem>
968      </varlistentry>
969
970      <varlistentry id="users">
971        <term><command>users</command></term>
972        <listitem>
973          <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
974          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
975            <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
976          </indexterm>
977        </listitem>
978      </varlistentry>
979
980      <varlistentry id="vdir">
981        <term><command>vdir</command></term>
982        <listitem>
983          <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
984          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
985            <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
986          </indexterm>
987        </listitem>
988      </varlistentry>
989
990      <varlistentry id="wc">
991        <term><command>wc</command></term>
992        <listitem>
993          <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
994          file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
995          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
996            <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
997          </indexterm>
998        </listitem>
999      </varlistentry>
1000
1001      <varlistentry id="who">
1002        <term><command>who</command></term>
1003        <listitem>
1004          <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1005          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1006            <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1007          </indexterm>
1008        </listitem>
1009      </varlistentry>
1010
1011      <varlistentry id="whoami">
1012        <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1013        <listitem>
1014          <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1015          user ID</para>
1016          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1017            <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1018          </indexterm>
1019        </listitem>
1020      </varlistentry>
1021
1022      <varlistentry id="yes">
1023        <term><command>yes</command></term>
1024        <listitem>
1025          <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1026          killed</para>
1027          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1028            <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1029          </indexterm>
1030        </listitem>
1031      </varlistentry>
1032
1033    </variablelist>
1034
1035  </sect2>
1036
1037</sect1>
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