source: BOOK/final-system/common/coreutils.xml@ 6a81f7a

clfs-1.2 clfs-2.1 clfs-3.0.0-systemd clfs-3.0.0-sysvinit systemd sysvinit
Last change on this file since 6a81f7a was a85d737, checked in by Jim Gifford <clfs@…>, 16 years ago

Didn't like the naming changed Unicode to Internationalization.
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 38.0 KB
Line 
1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
14 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
15 </indexterm>
16
17 <sect2 role="package">
18 <title/>
19
20 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
21 basic system characteristics.</para>
22
23 </sect2>
24
25 <sect2 role="installation">
26 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
27
28 <para os="p1">A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
29 this package is that the <option>-p</option> switch always
30 returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
31 fixes this behavior for all architectures:</para>
32
33<screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
34
35 <para os="p3">This patch adds support for Internationalization:</para>
36
37<screen os="p4"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
38
39 <para os="c">Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
40
41<screen os="d"><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr \
42 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime \
43 --enable-install-program=hostname</userinput></screen>
44
45 <para os="e">Compile the package:</para>
46
47<screen os="f"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
48
49 <para os="g">The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the
50 presence of system users and groups that are not valid within the minimal
51 environment that exists at the moment. Therefore, additional items need
52 to be set up before running the tests. Skip down to <quote>Install the
53 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
54
55 <para os="h">Create two <systemitem class="groupname">dummy</systemitem> groups
56 and a <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
57
58<screen os="i"><userinput>echo "dummy1:x:1000:" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
59echo "dummy2:x:1001:dummy" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
60echo "dummy:x:1000:1000::/root:/bin/bash" &gt;&gt; /etc/passwd</userinput></screen>
61
62 <para os="j">Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run
63 the tests that are meant to be run as user
64 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
65
66<screen os="k"><userinput>make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=dummy check-root</userinput></screen>
67
68 <para os="l">Then run the remainder of the tests as the
69 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
70
71<screen os="m"><userinput>src/su dummy -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
72
73 <para os="n">When testing is complete, remove the
74 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user and groups:</para>
75
76<screen os="o"><userinput>sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/passwd /etc/group</userinput></screen>
77
78 <para os="p">Install the package:</para>
79
80<screen os="q"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
81
82 <para os="r">Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
83
84<screen os="s"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date} /bin
85mv -v /usr/bin/{dd,df,echo,false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod} /bin
86mv -v /usr/bin/{mv,pwd,rm,rmdir,stty,true,uname} /bin
87mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
88
89 <para os="t">Other Coreutils programs are used by some of the scripts
90 in the CLFS-Bootscripts package. As <filename
91 class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the early
92 stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition:</para>
93
94<screen os="u"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{[,basename,head,install,nice} /bin
95mv -v /usr/bin/{readlink,sleep,sync,test,touch} /bin
96ln -svf ../../bin/install /usr/bin</userinput></screen>
97
98 </sect2>
99
100 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
101 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
102
103 <segmentedlist>
104 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
105
106 <seglistitem>
107 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
108 comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du,
109 echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head,
110 hostid, hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum,
111 mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk,
112 pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq,
113 sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf,
114 sleep, sort, split, stat, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test, touch,
115 tr, true, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc,
116 who, whoami, and yes</seg>
117 </seglistitem>
118 </segmentedlist>
119
120 <variablelist>
121 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
122 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
123 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
124
125 <varlistentry id="base64">
126 <term><command>base64</command></term>
127 <listitem>
128 <para>Base64 encode/decode data and print to standard output</para>
129 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
130 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
131 </indexterm>
132 </listitem>
133 </varlistentry>
134
135 <varlistentry id="basename">
136 <term><command>basename</command></term>
137 <listitem>
138 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
139 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
140 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
141 </indexterm>
142 </listitem>
143 </varlistentry>
144
145 <varlistentry id="cat">
146 <term><command>cat</command></term>
147 <listitem>
148 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
149 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
150 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
151 </indexterm>
152 </listitem>
153 </varlistentry>
154
155 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
156 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
157 <listitem>
158 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
159 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
160 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
161 </indexterm>
162 </listitem>
163 </varlistentry>
164
165 <varlistentry id="chmod">
166 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
167 <listitem>
168 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
169 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
170 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
171 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
172 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
173 </indexterm>
174 </listitem>
175 </varlistentry>
176
177 <varlistentry id="chown">
178 <term><command>chown</command></term>
179 <listitem>
180 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
181 directories</para>
182 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
183 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
184 </indexterm>
185 </listitem>
186 </varlistentry>
187
188 <varlistentry id="chroot">
189 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
190 <listitem>
191 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
192 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
193 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
194 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
195 </indexterm>
196 </listitem>
197 </varlistentry>
198
199 <varlistentry id="cksum">
200 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
201 <listitem>
202 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
203 counts of each specified file</para>
204 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
205 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
206 </indexterm>
207 </listitem>
208 </varlistentry>
209
210 <varlistentry id="comm">
211 <term><command>comm</command></term>
212 <listitem>
213 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
214 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
215 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
216 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
217 </indexterm>
218 </listitem>
219 </varlistentry>
220
221 <varlistentry id="cp">
222 <term><command>cp</command></term>
223 <listitem>
224 <para>Copies files</para>
225 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
226 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
227 </indexterm>
228 </listitem>
229 </varlistentry>
230
231 <varlistentry id="csplit">
232 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
233 <listitem>
234 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
235 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
236 count of each new file</para>
237 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
238 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
239 </indexterm>
240 </listitem>
241 </varlistentry>
242
243 <varlistentry id="cut">
244 <term><command>cut</command></term>
245 <listitem>
246 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
247 fields or positions</para>
248 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
249 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
250 </indexterm>
251 </listitem>
252 </varlistentry>
253
254 <varlistentry id="date">
255 <term><command>date</command></term>
256 <listitem>
257 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
258 system date</para>
259 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
260 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
261 </indexterm>
262 </listitem>
263 </varlistentry>
264
265 <varlistentry id="dd">
266 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
267 <listitem>
268 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
269 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
270 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
271 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
272 </indexterm>
273 </listitem>
274 </varlistentry>
275
276 <varlistentry id="df">
277 <term><command>df</command></term>
278 <listitem>
279 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
280 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
281 files</para>
282 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
283 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
284 </indexterm>
285 </listitem>
286 </varlistentry>
287
288 <varlistentry id="dir">
289 <term><command>dir</command></term>
290 <listitem>
291 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
292 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
293 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
294 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
295 </indexterm>
296 </listitem>
297 </varlistentry>
298
299 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
300 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
301 <listitem>
302 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
303 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
304 <command>ls</command></para>
305 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
306 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
307 </indexterm>
308 </listitem>
309 </varlistentry>
310
311 <varlistentry id="dirname">
312 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
313 <listitem>
314 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
315 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
316 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
317 </indexterm>
318 </listitem>
319 </varlistentry>
320
321 <varlistentry id="du">
322 <term><command>du</command></term>
323 <listitem>
324 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
325 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
326 each of the given files</para>
327 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
328 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
329 </indexterm>
330 </listitem>
331 </varlistentry>
332
333 <varlistentry id="echo">
334 <term><command>echo</command></term>
335 <listitem>
336 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
337 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
338 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
339 </indexterm>
340 </listitem>
341 </varlistentry>
342
343 <varlistentry id="env">
344 <term><command>env</command></term>
345 <listitem>
346 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
347 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
348 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
349 </indexterm>
350 </listitem>
351 </varlistentry>
352
353 <varlistentry id="expand">
354 <term><command>expand</command></term>
355 <listitem>
356 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
357 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
358 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
359 </indexterm>
360 </listitem>
361 </varlistentry>
362
363 <varlistentry id="expr">
364 <term><command>expr</command></term>
365 <listitem>
366 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
367 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
368 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
369 </indexterm>
370 </listitem>
371 </varlistentry>
372
373 <varlistentry id="factor">
374 <term><command>factor</command></term>
375 <listitem>
376 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
377 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
378 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
379 </indexterm>
380 </listitem>
381 </varlistentry>
382
383 <varlistentry id="false">
384 <term><command>false</command></term>
385 <listitem>
386 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
387 indicating failure</para>
388 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
389 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
390 </indexterm>
391 </listitem>
392 </varlistentry>
393
394 <varlistentry id="fmt">
395 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
396 <listitem>
397 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
398 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
399 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
400 </indexterm>
401 </listitem>
402 </varlistentry>
403
404 <varlistentry id="fold">
405 <term><command>fold</command></term>
406 <listitem>
407 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
408 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
409 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
410 </indexterm>
411 </listitem>
412 </varlistentry>
413
414 <varlistentry id="groups">
415 <term><command>groups</command></term>
416 <listitem>
417 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
418 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
419 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
420 </indexterm>
421 </listitem>
422 </varlistentry>
423
424 <varlistentry id="head">
425 <term><command>head</command></term>
426 <listitem>
427 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
428 of each given file</para>
429 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
430 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
431 </indexterm>
432 </listitem>
433 </varlistentry>
434
435 <varlistentry id="hostid">
436 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
437 <listitem>
438 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
439 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
440 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
441 </indexterm>
442 </listitem>
443 </varlistentry>
444
445 <varlistentry id="hostname">
446 <term><command>hostname</command></term>
447 <listitem>
448 <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
449 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
450 <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
451 </indexterm>
452 </listitem>
453 </varlistentry>
454
455 <varlistentry id="id">
456 <term><command>id</command></term>
457 <listitem>
458 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
459 of the current user or specified user</para>
460 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
461 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
462 </indexterm>
463 </listitem>
464 </varlistentry>
465
466 <varlistentry id="install">
467 <term><command>install</command> </term>
468 <listitem>
469 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
470 possible, their owner and group</para>
471 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
472 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
473 </indexterm>
474 </listitem>
475 </varlistentry>
476
477 <varlistentry id="join">
478 <term><command>join</command></term>
479 <listitem>
480 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
481 separate files</para>
482 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
483 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
484 </indexterm>
485 </listitem>
486 </varlistentry>
487
488 <varlistentry id="link">
489 <term><command>link</command></term>
490 <listitem>
491 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
492 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
493 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
494 </indexterm>
495 </listitem>
496 </varlistentry>
497
498 <varlistentry id="ln">
499 <term><command>ln</command></term>
500 <listitem>
501 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
502 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
503 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
504 </indexterm>
505 </listitem>
506 </varlistentry>
507
508 <varlistentry id="logname">
509 <term><command>logname</command></term>
510 <listitem>
511 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
512 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
513 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
514 </indexterm>
515 </listitem>
516 </varlistentry>
517
518 <varlistentry id="ls">
519 <term><command>ls</command></term>
520 <listitem>
521 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
522 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
523 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
524 </indexterm>
525 </listitem>
526 </varlistentry>
527
528 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
529 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
530 <listitem>
531 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
532 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
533 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
534 </indexterm>
535 </listitem>
536 </varlistentry>
537
538 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
539 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
540 <listitem>
541 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
542 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
543 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
544 </indexterm>
545 </listitem>
546 </varlistentry>
547
548 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
549 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
550 <listitem>
551 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
552 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
553 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
554 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
555 </indexterm>
556 </listitem>
557 </varlistentry>
558
559 <varlistentry id="mknod">
560 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
561 <listitem>
562 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
563 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
564 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
565 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
566 </indexterm>
567 </listitem>
568 </varlistentry>
569
570 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
571 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
572 <listitem>
573 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in
574 scripts</para>
575 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
576 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
577 </indexterm>
578 </listitem>
579 </varlistentry>
580
581 <varlistentry id="mv">
582 <term><command>mv</command></term>
583 <listitem>
584 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
585 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
586 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
587 </indexterm>
588 </listitem>
589 </varlistentry>
590
591 <varlistentry id="nice">
592 <term><command>nice</command></term>
593 <listitem>
594 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
595 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
596 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
597 </indexterm>
598 </listitem>
599 </varlistentry>
600
601 <varlistentry id="nl">
602 <term><command>nl</command></term>
603 <listitem>
604 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
605 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
606 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
607 </indexterm>
608 </listitem>
609 </varlistentry>
610
611 <varlistentry id="nohup">
612 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
613 <listitem>
614 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
615 a log file</para>
616 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
617 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
618 </indexterm>
619 </listitem>
620 </varlistentry>
621
622 <varlistentry id="od">
623 <term><command>od</command></term>
624 <listitem>
625 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
626 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
627 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
628 </indexterm>
629 </listitem>
630 </varlistentry>
631
632 <varlistentry id="paste">
633 <term><command>paste</command></term>
634 <listitem>
635 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
636 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
637 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
638 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
639 </indexterm>
640 </listitem>
641 </varlistentry>
642
643 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
644 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
645 <listitem>
646 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
647 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
648 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
649 </indexterm>
650 </listitem>
651 </varlistentry>
652
653 <varlistentry id="pinky">
654 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
655 <listitem>
656 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
657 about the given users</para>
658 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
659 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
660 </indexterm>
661 </listitem>
662 </varlistentry>
663
664 <varlistentry id="pr">
665 <term><command>pr</command></term>
666 <listitem>
667 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
668 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
669 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
670 </indexterm>
671 </listitem>
672 </varlistentry>
673
674 <varlistentry id="printenv">
675 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
676 <listitem>
677 <para>Prints the environment</para>
678 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
679 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
680 </indexterm>
681 </listitem>
682 </varlistentry>
683
684 <varlistentry id="printf">
685 <term><command>printf</command></term>
686 <listitem>
687 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
688 like the C printf function</para>
689 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
690 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
691 </indexterm>
692 </listitem>
693 </varlistentry>
694
695 <varlistentry id="ptx">
696 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
697 <listitem>
698 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
699 with each keyword in its context</para>
700 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
701 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
702 </indexterm>
703 </listitem>
704 </varlistentry>
705
706 <varlistentry id="pwd">
707 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
708 <listitem>
709 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
710 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
711 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
712 </indexterm>
713 </listitem>
714 </varlistentry>
715
716 <varlistentry id="readlink">
717 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
718 <listitem>
719 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
720 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
721 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
722 </indexterm>
723 </listitem>
724 </varlistentry>
725
726 <varlistentry id="rm">
727 <term><command>rm</command></term>
728 <listitem>
729 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
730 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
731 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
732 </indexterm>
733 </listitem>
734 </varlistentry>
735
736 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
737 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
738 <listitem>
739 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
740 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
741 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
742 </indexterm>
743 </listitem>
744 </varlistentry>
745
746 <varlistentry id="seq">
747 <term><command>seq</command></term>
748 <listitem>
749 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
750 given increment</para>
751 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
752 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
753 </indexterm>
754 </listitem>
755 </varlistentry>
756
757 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
758 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
759 <listitem>
760 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
761 checksums</para>
762 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
763 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
764 </indexterm>
765 </listitem>
766 </varlistentry>
767
768 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
769 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
770 <listitem>
771 <para>Prints or checks SHA224 checksums</para>
772 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
773 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
774 </indexterm>
775 </listitem>
776 </varlistentry>
777
778 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
779 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
780 <listitem>
781 <para>Prints or checks SHA256 checksums</para>
782 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
783 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
784 </indexterm>
785 </listitem>
786 </varlistentry>
787
788 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
789 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
790 <listitem>
791 <para>Prints or checks SHA384 checksums</para>
792 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
793 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
794 </indexterm>
795 </listitem>
796 </varlistentry>
797
798 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
799 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
800 <listitem>
801 <para>Prints or checks SHA512 checksums</para>
802 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
803 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
804 </indexterm>
805 </listitem>
806 </varlistentry>
807
808 <varlistentry id="shred">
809 <term><command>shred</command></term>
810 <listitem>
811 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
812 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
813 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
814 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
815 </indexterm>
816 </listitem>
817 </varlistentry>
818
819 <varlistentry id="shuf">
820 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
821 <listitem>
822 <para>Write a random permutation of the input lines to standard output or a file</para>
823 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
824 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
825 </indexterm>
826 </listitem>
827 </varlistentry>
828
829 <varlistentry id="sleep">
830 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
831 <listitem>
832 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
833 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
834 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
835 </indexterm>
836 </listitem>
837 </varlistentry>
838
839 <varlistentry id="sort">
840 <term><command>sort</command></term>
841 <listitem>
842 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
843 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
844 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
845 </indexterm>
846 </listitem>
847 </varlistentry>
848
849 <varlistentry id="split">
850 <term><command>split</command></term>
851 <listitem>
852 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
853 lines</para>
854 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
855 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
856 </indexterm>
857 </listitem>
858 </varlistentry>
859
860 <varlistentry id="stat">
861 <term><command>stat</command></term>
862 <listitem>
863 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
864 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
865 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
866 </indexterm>
867 </listitem>
868 </varlistentry>
869
870 <varlistentry id="stty">
871 <term><command>stty</command></term>
872 <listitem>
873 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
874 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
875 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
876 </indexterm>
877 </listitem>
878 </varlistentry>
879
880 <varlistentry id="sum">
881 <term><command>sum</command></term>
882 <listitem>
883 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
884 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
885 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
886 </indexterm>
887 </listitem>
888 </varlistentry>
889
890 <varlistentry id="sync">
891 <term><command>sync</command></term>
892 <listitem>
893 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
894 and updates the super block</para>
895 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
896 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
897 </indexterm>
898 </listitem>
899 </varlistentry>
900
901 <varlistentry id="tac">
902 <term><command>tac</command></term>
903 <listitem>
904 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
905 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
906 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
907 </indexterm>
908 </listitem>
909 </varlistentry>
910
911 <varlistentry id="tail">
912 <term><command>tail</command></term>
913 <listitem>
914 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
915 given file</para>
916 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
917 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
918 </indexterm>
919 </listitem>
920 </varlistentry>
921
922 <varlistentry id="tee">
923 <term><command>tee</command></term>
924 <listitem>
925 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
926 and to the given files</para>
927 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
928 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
929 </indexterm>
930 </listitem>
931 </varlistentry>
932
933 <varlistentry id="test">
934 <term><command>test</command> or <command>[</command></term>
935 <listitem>
936 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
937 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
938 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
939 </indexterm>
940 </listitem>
941 </varlistentry>
942
943 <varlistentry id="touch">
944 <term><command>touch</command></term>
945 <listitem>
946 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
947 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
948 are created with zero length</para>
949 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
950 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
951 </indexterm>
952 </listitem>
953 </varlistentry>
954
955 <varlistentry id="tr">
956 <term><command>tr</command></term>
957 <listitem>
958 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
959 standard input</para>
960 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
961 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
962 </indexterm>
963 </listitem>
964 </varlistentry>
965
966 <varlistentry id="true">
967 <term><command>true</command></term>
968 <listitem>
969 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
970 indicating success</para>
971 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
972 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
973 </indexterm>
974 </listitem>
975 </varlistentry>
976
977 <varlistentry id="tsort">
978 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
979 <listitem>
980 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
981 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
982 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
983 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
984 </indexterm>
985 </listitem>
986 </varlistentry>
987
988 <varlistentry id="tty">
989 <term><command>tty</command></term>
990 <listitem>
991 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
992 input</para>
993 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
994 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
995 </indexterm>
996 </listitem>
997 </varlistentry>
998
999 <varlistentry id="uname">
1000 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1001 <listitem>
1002 <para>Reports system information</para>
1003 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1004 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1005 </indexterm>
1006 </listitem>
1007 </varlistentry>
1008
1009 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1010 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1011 <listitem>
1012 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1013 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1014 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1015 </indexterm>
1016 </listitem>
1017 </varlistentry>
1018
1019 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1020 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1021 <listitem>
1022 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1023 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1024 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1025 </indexterm>
1026 </listitem>
1027 </varlistentry>
1028
1029 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1030 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1031 <listitem>
1032 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1033 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1034 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1035 </indexterm>
1036 </listitem>
1037 </varlistentry>
1038
1039 <varlistentry id="users">
1040 <term><command>users</command></term>
1041 <listitem>
1042 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1043 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1044 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1045 </indexterm>
1046 </listitem>
1047 </varlistentry>
1048
1049 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1050 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1051 <listitem>
1052 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1053 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1054 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1055 </indexterm>
1056 </listitem>
1057 </varlistentry>
1058
1059 <varlistentry id="wc">
1060 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1061 <listitem>
1062 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1063 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1064 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1065 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1066 </indexterm>
1067 </listitem>
1068 </varlistentry>
1069
1070 <varlistentry id="who">
1071 <term><command>who</command></term>
1072 <listitem>
1073 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1074 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1075 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1076 </indexterm>
1077 </listitem>
1078 </varlistentry>
1079
1080 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1081 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1082 <listitem>
1083 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1084 user ID</para>
1085 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1086 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1087 </indexterm>
1088 </listitem>
1089 </varlistentry>
1090
1091 <varlistentry id="yes">
1092 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1093 <listitem>
1094 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1095 killed</para>
1096 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1097 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1098 </indexterm>
1099 </listitem>
1100 </varlistentry>
1101
1102 </variablelist>
1103
1104 </sect2>
1105
1106</sect1>
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