source: BOOK/final-system/common/coreutils.xml@ 5e0e6ec

clfs-1.2 clfs-2.1 clfs-3.0.0-systemd clfs-3.0.0-sysvinit systemd sysvinit
Last change on this file since 5e0e6ec was 9d32016, checked in by Joe Ciccone <jciccone@…>, 16 years ago

We need hostname from coreutils
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 38.1 KB
Line 
1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
14 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
15 </indexterm>
16
17 <sect2 role="package">
18 <title/>
19
20 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
21 basic system characteristics.</para>
22
23 </sect2>
24
25 <sect2 role="installation">
26 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
27
28 <para os="p1">A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
29 this package is that the <option>-p</option> switch always
30 returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
31 fixes this behavior for all architectures:</para>
32
33<screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
34
35 <para os="s1">The following command renames the internal implementation of
36 futimens to gl_futimens as newer versions of Glibc provide an incompatible
37 version:</para>
38
39<screen os="s2"><userinput>sed -i "s/futimens/gl_&amp;/" $(grep -lr futimens *)</userinput></screen>
40
41 <para os="c">Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
42
43<screen os="d"><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr \
44 --enable-no-install-program=arch,kill,su,uptime \
45 --enable-install-program=hostname</userinput></screen>
46
47 <para os="e">Compile the package:</para>
48
49<screen os="f"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
50
51 <para os="g">The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the
52 presence of system users and groups that are not valid within the minimal
53 environment that exists at the moment. Therefore, additional items need
54 to be set up before running the tests. Skip down to <quote>Install the
55 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
56
57 <para os="h">Create two <systemitem class="groupname">dummy</systemitem> groups
58 and a <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
59
60<screen os="i"><userinput>echo "dummy1:x:1000:" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
61echo "dummy2:x:1001:dummy" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
62echo "dummy:x:1000:1000::/root:/bin/bash" &gt;&gt; /etc/passwd</userinput></screen>
63
64 <para os="j">Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run
65 the tests that are meant to be run as user
66 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
67
68<screen os="k"><userinput>make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=dummy check-root</userinput></screen>
69
70 <para os="l">Then run the remainder of the tests as the
71 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
72
73<screen os="m"><userinput>src/su dummy -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
74
75 <para os="n">When testing is complete, remove the
76 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user and groups:</para>
77
78<screen os="o"><userinput>sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/passwd /etc/group</userinput></screen>
79
80 <para os="p">Install the package:</para>
81
82<screen os="q"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
83
84 <para os="r">Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
85
86<screen os="s"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date} /bin
87mv -v /usr/bin/{dd,df,echo,false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod} /bin
88mv -v /usr/bin/{mv,pwd,rm,rmdir,stty,true,uname} /bin
89mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
90
91 <para os="t">Other Coreutils programs are used by some of the scripts
92 in the CLFS-Bootscripts package. As <filename
93 class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the early
94 stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition:</para>
95
96<screen os="u"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{[,basename,head,install,nice} /bin
97mv -v /usr/bin/{readlink,sleep,sync,test,touch} /bin
98ln -svf ../../bin/install /usr/bin</userinput></screen>
99
100 </sect2>
101
102 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
103 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
104
105 <segmentedlist>
106 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
107
108 <seglistitem>
109 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
110 comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du,
111 echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head,
112 hostid, hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum,
113 mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk,
114 pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq,
115 sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf,
116 sleep, sort, split, stat, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test, touch,
117 tr, true, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc,
118 who, whoami, and yes</seg>
119 </seglistitem>
120 </segmentedlist>
121
122 <variablelist>
123 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
124 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
125 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
126
127 <varlistentry id="base64">
128 <term><command>base64</command></term>
129 <listitem>
130 <para>Base64 encode/decode data and print to standard output</para>
131 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
132 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
133 </indexterm>
134 </listitem>
135 </varlistentry>
136
137 <varlistentry id="basename">
138 <term><command>basename</command></term>
139 <listitem>
140 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
141 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
142 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
143 </indexterm>
144 </listitem>
145 </varlistentry>
146
147 <varlistentry id="cat">
148 <term><command>cat</command></term>
149 <listitem>
150 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
151 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
152 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
153 </indexterm>
154 </listitem>
155 </varlistentry>
156
157 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
158 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
159 <listitem>
160 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
161 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
162 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
163 </indexterm>
164 </listitem>
165 </varlistentry>
166
167 <varlistentry id="chmod">
168 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
169 <listitem>
170 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
171 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
172 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
173 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
174 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
175 </indexterm>
176 </listitem>
177 </varlistentry>
178
179 <varlistentry id="chown">
180 <term><command>chown</command></term>
181 <listitem>
182 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
183 directories</para>
184 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
185 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
186 </indexterm>
187 </listitem>
188 </varlistentry>
189
190 <varlistentry id="chroot">
191 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
192 <listitem>
193 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
194 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
195 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
196 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
197 </indexterm>
198 </listitem>
199 </varlistentry>
200
201 <varlistentry id="cksum">
202 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
203 <listitem>
204 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
205 counts of each specified file</para>
206 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
207 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
208 </indexterm>
209 </listitem>
210 </varlistentry>
211
212 <varlistentry id="comm">
213 <term><command>comm</command></term>
214 <listitem>
215 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
216 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
217 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
218 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
219 </indexterm>
220 </listitem>
221 </varlistentry>
222
223 <varlistentry id="cp">
224 <term><command>cp</command></term>
225 <listitem>
226 <para>Copies files</para>
227 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
228 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
229 </indexterm>
230 </listitem>
231 </varlistentry>
232
233 <varlistentry id="csplit">
234 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
235 <listitem>
236 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
237 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
238 count of each new file</para>
239 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
240 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
241 </indexterm>
242 </listitem>
243 </varlistentry>
244
245 <varlistentry id="cut">
246 <term><command>cut</command></term>
247 <listitem>
248 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
249 fields or positions</para>
250 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
251 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
252 </indexterm>
253 </listitem>
254 </varlistentry>
255
256 <varlistentry id="date">
257 <term><command>date</command></term>
258 <listitem>
259 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
260 system date</para>
261 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
262 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
263 </indexterm>
264 </listitem>
265 </varlistentry>
266
267 <varlistentry id="dd">
268 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
269 <listitem>
270 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
271 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
272 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
273 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
274 </indexterm>
275 </listitem>
276 </varlistentry>
277
278 <varlistentry id="df">
279 <term><command>df</command></term>
280 <listitem>
281 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
282 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
283 files</para>
284 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
285 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
286 </indexterm>
287 </listitem>
288 </varlistentry>
289
290 <varlistentry id="dir">
291 <term><command>dir</command></term>
292 <listitem>
293 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
294 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
295 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
296 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
297 </indexterm>
298 </listitem>
299 </varlistentry>
300
301 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
302 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
303 <listitem>
304 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
305 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
306 <command>ls</command></para>
307 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
308 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
309 </indexterm>
310 </listitem>
311 </varlistentry>
312
313 <varlistentry id="dirname">
314 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
315 <listitem>
316 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
317 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
318 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
319 </indexterm>
320 </listitem>
321 </varlistentry>
322
323 <varlistentry id="du">
324 <term><command>du</command></term>
325 <listitem>
326 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
327 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
328 each of the given files</para>
329 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
330 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
331 </indexterm>
332 </listitem>
333 </varlistentry>
334
335 <varlistentry id="echo">
336 <term><command>echo</command></term>
337 <listitem>
338 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
339 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
340 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
341 </indexterm>
342 </listitem>
343 </varlistentry>
344
345 <varlistentry id="env">
346 <term><command>env</command></term>
347 <listitem>
348 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
349 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
350 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
351 </indexterm>
352 </listitem>
353 </varlistentry>
354
355 <varlistentry id="expand">
356 <term><command>expand</command></term>
357 <listitem>
358 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
359 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
360 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
361 </indexterm>
362 </listitem>
363 </varlistentry>
364
365 <varlistentry id="expr">
366 <term><command>expr</command></term>
367 <listitem>
368 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
369 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
370 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
371 </indexterm>
372 </listitem>
373 </varlistentry>
374
375 <varlistentry id="factor">
376 <term><command>factor</command></term>
377 <listitem>
378 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
379 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
380 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
381 </indexterm>
382 </listitem>
383 </varlistentry>
384
385 <varlistentry id="false">
386 <term><command>false</command></term>
387 <listitem>
388 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
389 indicating failure</para>
390 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
391 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
392 </indexterm>
393 </listitem>
394 </varlistentry>
395
396 <varlistentry id="fmt">
397 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
398 <listitem>
399 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
400 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
401 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
402 </indexterm>
403 </listitem>
404 </varlistentry>
405
406 <varlistentry id="fold">
407 <term><command>fold</command></term>
408 <listitem>
409 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
410 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
411 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
412 </indexterm>
413 </listitem>
414 </varlistentry>
415
416 <varlistentry id="groups">
417 <term><command>groups</command></term>
418 <listitem>
419 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
420 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
421 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
422 </indexterm>
423 </listitem>
424 </varlistentry>
425
426 <varlistentry id="head">
427 <term><command>head</command></term>
428 <listitem>
429 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
430 of each given file</para>
431 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
432 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
433 </indexterm>
434 </listitem>
435 </varlistentry>
436
437 <varlistentry id="hostid">
438 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
439 <listitem>
440 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
441 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
442 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
443 </indexterm>
444 </listitem>
445 </varlistentry>
446
447 <varlistentry id="hostname">
448 <term><command>hostname</command></term>
449 <listitem>
450 <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
451 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
452 <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
453 </indexterm>
454 </listitem>
455 </varlistentry>
456
457 <varlistentry id="id">
458 <term><command>id</command></term>
459 <listitem>
460 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
461 of the current user or specified user</para>
462 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
463 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
464 </indexterm>
465 </listitem>
466 </varlistentry>
467
468 <varlistentry id="install">
469 <term><command>install</command> </term>
470 <listitem>
471 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
472 possible, their owner and group</para>
473 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
474 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
475 </indexterm>
476 </listitem>
477 </varlistentry>
478
479 <varlistentry id="join">
480 <term><command>join</command></term>
481 <listitem>
482 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
483 separate files</para>
484 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
485 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
486 </indexterm>
487 </listitem>
488 </varlistentry>
489
490 <varlistentry id="link">
491 <term><command>link</command></term>
492 <listitem>
493 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
494 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
495 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
496 </indexterm>
497 </listitem>
498 </varlistentry>
499
500 <varlistentry id="ln">
501 <term><command>ln</command></term>
502 <listitem>
503 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
504 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
505 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
506 </indexterm>
507 </listitem>
508 </varlistentry>
509
510 <varlistentry id="logname">
511 <term><command>logname</command></term>
512 <listitem>
513 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
514 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
515 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
516 </indexterm>
517 </listitem>
518 </varlistentry>
519
520 <varlistentry id="ls">
521 <term><command>ls</command></term>
522 <listitem>
523 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
524 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
525 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
526 </indexterm>
527 </listitem>
528 </varlistentry>
529
530 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
531 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
532 <listitem>
533 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
534 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
535 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
536 </indexterm>
537 </listitem>
538 </varlistentry>
539
540 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
541 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
542 <listitem>
543 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
544 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
545 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
546 </indexterm>
547 </listitem>
548 </varlistentry>
549
550 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
551 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
552 <listitem>
553 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
554 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
555 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
556 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
557 </indexterm>
558 </listitem>
559 </varlistentry>
560
561 <varlistentry id="mknod">
562 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
563 <listitem>
564 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
565 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
566 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
567 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
568 </indexterm>
569 </listitem>
570 </varlistentry>
571
572 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
573 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
574 <listitem>
575 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in
576 scripts</para>
577 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
578 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
579 </indexterm>
580 </listitem>
581 </varlistentry>
582
583 <varlistentry id="mv">
584 <term><command>mv</command></term>
585 <listitem>
586 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
587 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
588 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
589 </indexterm>
590 </listitem>
591 </varlistentry>
592
593 <varlistentry id="nice">
594 <term><command>nice</command></term>
595 <listitem>
596 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
597 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
598 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
599 </indexterm>
600 </listitem>
601 </varlistentry>
602
603 <varlistentry id="nl">
604 <term><command>nl</command></term>
605 <listitem>
606 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
607 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
608 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
609 </indexterm>
610 </listitem>
611 </varlistentry>
612
613 <varlistentry id="nohup">
614 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
615 <listitem>
616 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
617 a log file</para>
618 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
619 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
620 </indexterm>
621 </listitem>
622 </varlistentry>
623
624 <varlistentry id="od">
625 <term><command>od</command></term>
626 <listitem>
627 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
628 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
629 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
630 </indexterm>
631 </listitem>
632 </varlistentry>
633
634 <varlistentry id="paste">
635 <term><command>paste</command></term>
636 <listitem>
637 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
638 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
639 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
640 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
641 </indexterm>
642 </listitem>
643 </varlistentry>
644
645 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
646 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
647 <listitem>
648 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
649 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
650 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
651 </indexterm>
652 </listitem>
653 </varlistentry>
654
655 <varlistentry id="pinky">
656 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
657 <listitem>
658 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
659 about the given users</para>
660 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
661 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
662 </indexterm>
663 </listitem>
664 </varlistentry>
665
666 <varlistentry id="pr">
667 <term><command>pr</command></term>
668 <listitem>
669 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
670 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
671 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
672 </indexterm>
673 </listitem>
674 </varlistentry>
675
676 <varlistentry id="printenv">
677 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
678 <listitem>
679 <para>Prints the environment</para>
680 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
681 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
682 </indexterm>
683 </listitem>
684 </varlistentry>
685
686 <varlistentry id="printf">
687 <term><command>printf</command></term>
688 <listitem>
689 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
690 like the C printf function</para>
691 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
692 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
693 </indexterm>
694 </listitem>
695 </varlistentry>
696
697 <varlistentry id="ptx">
698 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
699 <listitem>
700 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
701 with each keyword in its context</para>
702 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
703 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
704 </indexterm>
705 </listitem>
706 </varlistentry>
707
708 <varlistentry id="pwd">
709 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
710 <listitem>
711 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
712 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
713 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
714 </indexterm>
715 </listitem>
716 </varlistentry>
717
718 <varlistentry id="readlink">
719 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
720 <listitem>
721 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
722 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
723 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
724 </indexterm>
725 </listitem>
726 </varlistentry>
727
728 <varlistentry id="rm">
729 <term><command>rm</command></term>
730 <listitem>
731 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
732 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
733 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
734 </indexterm>
735 </listitem>
736 </varlistentry>
737
738 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
739 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
740 <listitem>
741 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
742 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
743 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
744 </indexterm>
745 </listitem>
746 </varlistentry>
747
748 <varlistentry id="seq">
749 <term><command>seq</command></term>
750 <listitem>
751 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
752 given increment</para>
753 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
754 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
755 </indexterm>
756 </listitem>
757 </varlistentry>
758
759 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
760 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
761 <listitem>
762 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
763 checksums</para>
764 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
765 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
766 </indexterm>
767 </listitem>
768 </varlistentry>
769
770 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
771 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
772 <listitem>
773 <para>Prints or checks SHA224 checksums</para>
774 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
775 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
776 </indexterm>
777 </listitem>
778 </varlistentry>
779
780 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
781 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
782 <listitem>
783 <para>Prints or checks SHA256 checksums</para>
784 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
785 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
786 </indexterm>
787 </listitem>
788 </varlistentry>
789
790 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
791 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
792 <listitem>
793 <para>Prints or checks SHA384 checksums</para>
794 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
795 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
796 </indexterm>
797 </listitem>
798 </varlistentry>
799
800 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
801 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
802 <listitem>
803 <para>Prints or checks SHA512 checksums</para>
804 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
805 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
806 </indexterm>
807 </listitem>
808 </varlistentry>
809
810 <varlistentry id="shred">
811 <term><command>shred</command></term>
812 <listitem>
813 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
814 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
815 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
816 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
817 </indexterm>
818 </listitem>
819 </varlistentry>
820
821 <varlistentry id="shuf">
822 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
823 <listitem>
824 <para>Write a random permutation of the input lines to standard output or a file</para>
825 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
826 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
827 </indexterm>
828 </listitem>
829 </varlistentry>
830
831 <varlistentry id="sleep">
832 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
833 <listitem>
834 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
835 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
836 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
837 </indexterm>
838 </listitem>
839 </varlistentry>
840
841 <varlistentry id="sort">
842 <term><command>sort</command></term>
843 <listitem>
844 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
845 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
846 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
847 </indexterm>
848 </listitem>
849 </varlistentry>
850
851 <varlistentry id="split">
852 <term><command>split</command></term>
853 <listitem>
854 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
855 lines</para>
856 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
857 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
858 </indexterm>
859 </listitem>
860 </varlistentry>
861
862 <varlistentry id="stat">
863 <term><command>stat</command></term>
864 <listitem>
865 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
866 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
867 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
868 </indexterm>
869 </listitem>
870 </varlistentry>
871
872 <varlistentry id="stty">
873 <term><command>stty</command></term>
874 <listitem>
875 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
876 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
877 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
878 </indexterm>
879 </listitem>
880 </varlistentry>
881
882 <varlistentry id="sum">
883 <term><command>sum</command></term>
884 <listitem>
885 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
886 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
887 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
888 </indexterm>
889 </listitem>
890 </varlistentry>
891
892 <varlistentry id="sync">
893 <term><command>sync</command></term>
894 <listitem>
895 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
896 and updates the super block</para>
897 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
898 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
899 </indexterm>
900 </listitem>
901 </varlistentry>
902
903 <varlistentry id="tac">
904 <term><command>tac</command></term>
905 <listitem>
906 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
907 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
908 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
909 </indexterm>
910 </listitem>
911 </varlistentry>
912
913 <varlistentry id="tail">
914 <term><command>tail</command></term>
915 <listitem>
916 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
917 given file</para>
918 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
919 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
920 </indexterm>
921 </listitem>
922 </varlistentry>
923
924 <varlistentry id="tee">
925 <term><command>tee</command></term>
926 <listitem>
927 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
928 and to the given files</para>
929 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
930 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
931 </indexterm>
932 </listitem>
933 </varlistentry>
934
935 <varlistentry id="test">
936 <term><command>test</command> or <command>[</command></term>
937 <listitem>
938 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
939 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
940 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
941 </indexterm>
942 </listitem>
943 </varlistentry>
944
945 <varlistentry id="touch">
946 <term><command>touch</command></term>
947 <listitem>
948 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
949 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
950 are created with zero length</para>
951 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
952 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
953 </indexterm>
954 </listitem>
955 </varlistentry>
956
957 <varlistentry id="tr">
958 <term><command>tr</command></term>
959 <listitem>
960 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
961 standard input</para>
962 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
963 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
964 </indexterm>
965 </listitem>
966 </varlistentry>
967
968 <varlistentry id="true">
969 <term><command>true</command></term>
970 <listitem>
971 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
972 indicating success</para>
973 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
974 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
975 </indexterm>
976 </listitem>
977 </varlistentry>
978
979 <varlistentry id="tsort">
980 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
981 <listitem>
982 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
983 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
984 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
985 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
986 </indexterm>
987 </listitem>
988 </varlistentry>
989
990 <varlistentry id="tty">
991 <term><command>tty</command></term>
992 <listitem>
993 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
994 input</para>
995 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
996 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
997 </indexterm>
998 </listitem>
999 </varlistentry>
1000
1001 <varlistentry id="uname">
1002 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1003 <listitem>
1004 <para>Reports system information</para>
1005 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1006 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1007 </indexterm>
1008 </listitem>
1009 </varlistentry>
1010
1011 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1012 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1013 <listitem>
1014 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1015 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1016 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1017 </indexterm>
1018 </listitem>
1019 </varlistentry>
1020
1021 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1022 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1023 <listitem>
1024 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1025 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1026 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1027 </indexterm>
1028 </listitem>
1029 </varlistentry>
1030
1031 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1032 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1033 <listitem>
1034 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1035 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1036 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1037 </indexterm>
1038 </listitem>
1039 </varlistentry>
1040
1041 <varlistentry id="users">
1042 <term><command>users</command></term>
1043 <listitem>
1044 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1045 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1046 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1047 </indexterm>
1048 </listitem>
1049 </varlistentry>
1050
1051 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1052 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1053 <listitem>
1054 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1055 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1056 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1057 </indexterm>
1058 </listitem>
1059 </varlistentry>
1060
1061 <varlistentry id="wc">
1062 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1063 <listitem>
1064 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1065 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1066 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1067 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1068 </indexterm>
1069 </listitem>
1070 </varlistentry>
1071
1072 <varlistentry id="who">
1073 <term><command>who</command></term>
1074 <listitem>
1075 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1076 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1077 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1078 </indexterm>
1079 </listitem>
1080 </varlistentry>
1081
1082 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1083 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1084 <listitem>
1085 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1086 user ID</para>
1087 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1088 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1089 </indexterm>
1090 </listitem>
1091 </varlistentry>
1092
1093 <varlistentry id="yes">
1094 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1095 <listitem>
1096 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1097 killed</para>
1098 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1099 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1100 </indexterm>
1101 </listitem>
1102 </varlistentry>
1103
1104 </variablelist>
1105
1106 </sect2>
1107
1108</sect1>
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