source: BOOK/final-system/common/coreutils.xml @ 44426cf

clfs-1.2clfs-2.1clfs-3.0.0-systemdclfs-3.0.0-sysvinitsystemdsysvinit
Last change on this file since 44426cf was 44426cf, checked in by Joe Ciccone <jciccone@…>, 17 years ago

Updated to Glibc 2.6. This includes adding a sed to Coreutils and Gzip to rename their internal implementations of futimens which are incompatible with the implementation provided by Glibc. Added a target tripplet based optimization to glibc on x86 and 32bit build on x86_64 so that glibc will build properly now that i386 is no longer supported. Also added a note to the build variables page the i386-pc-linux-gnu is not supported by glibc.
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5  %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9  <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11  <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
12
13  <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
14    <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
15  </indexterm>
16
17  <sect2 role="package">
18    <title/>
19
20    <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
21    basic system characteristics.</para>
22
23  </sect2>
24
25  <sect2 role="installation">
26    <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
27
28    <para os="a">Prevent Coreutils from installing binaries that will be
29    installed by other packages:</para>
30
31<screen os="b"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-suppress-patch;</userinput></screen>
32
33    <para os="p1">A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
34    this package is that the <option>-p</option> switch always
35    returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
36    fixes this behavior for all architectures:</para>
37
38<screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
39
40    <para os="s1">The following command renames the internal implementation of
41    futimens to gl_futimens as newer versions of Glibc provide an incompatible
42    version:</para>
43
44<screen os="s2"><userinput>sed -i "s/futimens/gl_&amp;/" $(grep -lr futimens *)</userinput></screen>
45
46    <para os="c">Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
47
48<screen os="d"><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput></screen>
49
50    <para os="e">Compile the package:</para>
51
52<screen os="f"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
53
54    <para os="g">The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the
55    presence of system users and groups that are not valid within the minimal
56    environment that exists at the moment. Therefore, additional items need
57    to be set up before running the tests. Skip down to <quote>Install the
58    package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
59
60    <para os="h">Create two <systemitem class="groupname">dummy</systemitem> groups
61    and a <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
62
63<screen os="i"><userinput>echo "dummy1:x:1000:" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
64echo "dummy2:x:1001:dummy" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
65echo "dummy:x:1000:1000::/root:/bin/bash" &gt;&gt; /etc/passwd</userinput></screen>
66
67    <para os="j">Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run
68    the tests that are meant to be run as user
69    <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
70
71<screen os="k"><userinput>make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=dummy check-root</userinput></screen>
72
73    <para os="l">Then run the remainder of the tests as the
74    <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
75
76<screen os="m"><userinput>src/su dummy -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
77
78    <para os="n">When testing is complete, remove the
79    <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user and groups:</para>
80
81<screen os="o"><userinput>sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/passwd /etc/group</userinput></screen>
82
83    <para os="p">Install the package:</para>
84
85<screen os="q"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
86
87    <para os="r">Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
88
89<screen os="s"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date} /bin
90mv -v /usr/bin/{dd,df,echo,false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod} /bin
91mv -v /usr/bin/{mv,pwd,rm,rmdir,stty,true,uname} /bin
92mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
93
94    <para os="t">Other Coreutils programs are used by some of the scripts
95    in the CLFS-Bootscripts package. As <filename
96    class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the early
97    stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition:</para>
98
99<screen os="u"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{[,basename,head,install,nice} /bin
100mv -v /usr/bin/{readlink,sleep,sync,test,touch} /bin
101ln -svf ../../bin/install /usr/bin</userinput></screen>
102
103  </sect2>
104
105  <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
106    <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
107
108    <segmentedlist>
109      <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
110
111      <seglistitem>
112        <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
113        comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du,
114        echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head,
115        hostid, hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum,
116        mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk, pinky,
117        pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq, sha1sum,
118        sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort,
119        split, stat, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test, touch, tr, true,
120        tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who,
121        whoami, and yes</seg>
122      </seglistitem>
123    </segmentedlist>
124
125    <variablelist>
126      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
127      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
128      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
129
130      <varlistentry id="base64">
131        <term><command>base64</command></term>
132        <listitem>
133          <para>Base64 encode/decode data and print to standard output</para>
134          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
135            <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
136          </indexterm>
137        </listitem>
138      </varlistentry>
139
140      <varlistentry id="basename">
141        <term><command>basename</command></term>
142        <listitem>
143          <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
144          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
145            <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
146          </indexterm>
147        </listitem>
148      </varlistentry>
149
150      <varlistentry id="cat">
151        <term><command>cat</command></term>
152        <listitem>
153          <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
154          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
155            <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
156          </indexterm>
157        </listitem>
158      </varlistentry>
159
160      <varlistentry id="chgrp">
161        <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
162        <listitem>
163          <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
164          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
165            <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
166          </indexterm>
167        </listitem>
168      </varlistentry>
169
170      <varlistentry id="chmod">
171        <term><command>chmod</command></term>
172        <listitem>
173          <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
174          can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
175          octal number representing the new permissions</para>
176          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
177            <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
178          </indexterm>
179        </listitem>
180      </varlistentry>
181
182      <varlistentry id="chown">
183        <term><command>chown</command></term>
184        <listitem>
185          <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
186          directories</para>
187          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
188            <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
189          </indexterm>
190        </listitem>
191      </varlistentry>
192
193      <varlistentry id="chroot">
194        <term><command>chroot</command></term>
195        <listitem>
196          <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
197          <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
198          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
199            <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
200          </indexterm>
201        </listitem>
202      </varlistentry>
203
204      <varlistentry id="cksum">
205        <term><command>cksum</command></term>
206        <listitem>
207          <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
208          counts of each specified file</para>
209          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
210            <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
211          </indexterm>
212        </listitem>
213      </varlistentry>
214
215      <varlistentry id="comm">
216        <term><command>comm</command></term>
217        <listitem>
218          <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
219          that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
220          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
221            <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
222          </indexterm>
223        </listitem>
224      </varlistentry>
225
226      <varlistentry id="cp">
227        <term><command>cp</command></term>
228        <listitem>
229          <para>Copies files</para>
230          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
231            <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
232          </indexterm>
233        </listitem>
234      </varlistentry>
235
236      <varlistentry id="csplit">
237        <term><command>csplit</command></term>
238        <listitem>
239          <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
240          according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
241          count of each new file</para>
242          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
243            <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
244          </indexterm>
245        </listitem>
246      </varlistentry>
247
248      <varlistentry id="cut">
249        <term><command>cut</command></term>
250        <listitem>
251          <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
252          fields or positions</para>
253          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
254            <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
255          </indexterm>
256        </listitem>
257      </varlistentry>
258
259      <varlistentry id="date">
260        <term><command>date</command></term>
261        <listitem>
262          <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
263          system date</para>
264          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
265            <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
266          </indexterm>
267        </listitem>
268      </varlistentry>
269
270      <varlistentry id="dd">
271        <term><command>dd</command> </term>
272        <listitem>
273          <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
274          optionally performing conversions on it</para>
275          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
276            <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
277          </indexterm>
278        </listitem>
279      </varlistentry>
280
281      <varlistentry id="df">
282        <term><command>df</command></term>
283        <listitem>
284          <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
285          mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
286          files</para>
287          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
288            <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
289          </indexterm>
290        </listitem>
291      </varlistentry>
292
293      <varlistentry id="dir">
294        <term><command>dir</command></term>
295        <listitem>
296          <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
297          the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
298          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
299            <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
300          </indexterm>
301        </listitem>
302      </varlistentry>
303
304      <varlistentry id="dircolors">
305        <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
306        <listitem>
307          <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
308          environment variable to change the color scheme used by
309          <command>ls</command></para>
310          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
311            <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
312          </indexterm>
313        </listitem>
314      </varlistentry>
315
316      <varlistentry id="dirname">
317        <term><command>dirname</command></term>
318        <listitem>
319          <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
320          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
321            <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
322          </indexterm>
323        </listitem>
324      </varlistentry>
325
326      <varlistentry id="du">
327        <term><command>du</command></term>
328        <listitem>
329          <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
330          by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
331          each of the given files</para>
332          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
333            <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
334          </indexterm>
335        </listitem>
336      </varlistentry>
337
338      <varlistentry id="echo">
339        <term><command>echo</command></term>
340        <listitem>
341          <para>Displays the given strings</para>
342          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
343            <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
344          </indexterm>
345        </listitem>
346      </varlistentry>
347
348      <varlistentry id="env">
349        <term><command>env</command></term>
350        <listitem>
351          <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
352          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
353            <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
354          </indexterm>
355        </listitem>
356      </varlistentry>
357
358      <varlistentry id="expand">
359        <term><command>expand</command></term>
360        <listitem>
361          <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
362          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
363            <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
364          </indexterm>
365        </listitem>
366      </varlistentry>
367
368      <varlistentry id="expr">
369        <term><command>expr</command></term>
370        <listitem>
371          <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
372          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
373            <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
374          </indexterm>
375        </listitem>
376      </varlistentry>
377
378      <varlistentry id="factor">
379        <term><command>factor</command></term>
380        <listitem>
381          <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
382          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
383            <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
384          </indexterm>
385        </listitem>
386      </varlistentry>
387
388      <varlistentry id="false">
389        <term><command>false</command></term>
390        <listitem>
391          <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
392          indicating failure</para>
393          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
394            <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
395          </indexterm>
396        </listitem>
397      </varlistentry>
398
399      <varlistentry id="fmt">
400        <term><command>fmt</command></term>
401        <listitem>
402          <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
403          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
404            <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
405          </indexterm>
406        </listitem>
407      </varlistentry>
408
409      <varlistentry id="fold">
410        <term><command>fold</command></term>
411        <listitem>
412          <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
413          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
414            <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
415          </indexterm>
416        </listitem>
417      </varlistentry>
418
419      <varlistentry id="groups">
420        <term><command>groups</command></term>
421        <listitem>
422          <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
423          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
424            <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
425          </indexterm>
426        </listitem>
427      </varlistentry>
428
429      <varlistentry id="head">
430        <term><command>head</command></term>
431        <listitem>
432          <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
433          of each given file</para>
434          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
435            <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
436          </indexterm>
437        </listitem>
438      </varlistentry>
439
440      <varlistentry id="hostid">
441        <term><command>hostid</command></term>
442        <listitem>
443          <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
444          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
445            <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
446          </indexterm>
447        </listitem>
448      </varlistentry>
449
450      <varlistentry id="hostname">
451        <term><command>hostname</command></term>
452        <listitem>
453          <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
454          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
455            <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
456          </indexterm>
457        </listitem>
458      </varlistentry>
459
460      <varlistentry id="id">
461        <term><command>id</command></term>
462        <listitem>
463          <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
464          of the current user or specified user</para>
465          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
466            <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
467          </indexterm>
468        </listitem>
469      </varlistentry>
470
471      <varlistentry id="install">
472        <term><command>install</command> </term>
473        <listitem>
474          <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
475          possible, their owner and group</para>
476          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
477            <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
478          </indexterm>
479        </listitem>
480      </varlistentry>
481
482      <varlistentry id="join">
483        <term><command>join</command></term>
484        <listitem>
485          <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
486          separate files</para>
487          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
488            <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
489          </indexterm>
490        </listitem>
491      </varlistentry>
492
493      <varlistentry id="link">
494        <term><command>link</command></term>
495        <listitem>
496          <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
497          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
498            <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
499          </indexterm>
500        </listitem>
501      </varlistentry>
502
503      <varlistentry id="ln">
504        <term><command>ln</command></term>
505        <listitem>
506          <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
507          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
508            <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
509          </indexterm>
510        </listitem>
511      </varlistentry>
512
513      <varlistentry id="logname">
514        <term><command>logname</command></term>
515        <listitem>
516          <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
517          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
518            <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
519          </indexterm>
520        </listitem>
521      </varlistentry>
522
523      <varlistentry id="ls">
524        <term><command>ls</command></term>
525        <listitem>
526          <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
527          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
528            <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
529          </indexterm>
530        </listitem>
531      </varlistentry>
532
533      <varlistentry id="md5sum">
534        <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
535        <listitem>
536          <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
537          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
538            <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
539          </indexterm>
540        </listitem>
541      </varlistentry>
542
543      <varlistentry id="mkdir">
544        <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
545        <listitem>
546          <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
547          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
548            <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
549          </indexterm>
550        </listitem>
551      </varlistentry>
552
553      <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
554        <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
555        <listitem>
556          <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
557          pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
558          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
559            <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
560          </indexterm>
561        </listitem>
562      </varlistentry>
563
564      <varlistentry id="mknod">
565        <term><command>mknod</command></term>
566        <listitem>
567          <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
568          character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
569          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
570            <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
571          </indexterm>
572        </listitem>
573      </varlistentry>
574
575      <varlistentry id="mv">
576        <term><command>mv</command></term>
577        <listitem>
578          <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
579          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
580            <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
581          </indexterm>
582        </listitem>
583      </varlistentry>
584
585      <varlistentry id="nice">
586        <term><command>nice</command></term>
587        <listitem>
588          <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
589          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
590            <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
591          </indexterm>
592        </listitem>
593      </varlistentry>
594
595      <varlistentry id="nl">
596        <term><command>nl</command></term>
597        <listitem>
598          <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
599          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
600            <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
601          </indexterm>
602        </listitem>
603      </varlistentry>
604
605      <varlistentry id="nohup">
606        <term><command>nohup</command></term>
607        <listitem>
608          <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
609          a log file</para>
610          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
611            <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
612          </indexterm>
613        </listitem>
614      </varlistentry>
615
616      <varlistentry id="od">
617        <term><command>od</command></term>
618        <listitem>
619          <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
620          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
621            <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
622          </indexterm>
623        </listitem>
624      </varlistentry>
625
626      <varlistentry id="paste">
627        <term><command>paste</command></term>
628        <listitem>
629          <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
630          side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
631          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
632            <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
633          </indexterm>
634        </listitem>
635      </varlistentry>
636
637      <varlistentry id="pathchk">
638        <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
639        <listitem>
640          <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
641          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
642            <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
643          </indexterm>
644        </listitem>
645      </varlistentry>
646
647      <varlistentry id="pinky">
648        <term><command>pinky</command></term>
649        <listitem>
650          <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
651          about the given users</para>
652          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
653            <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
654          </indexterm>
655        </listitem>
656      </varlistentry>
657
658      <varlistentry id="pr">
659        <term><command>pr</command></term>
660        <listitem>
661          <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
662          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
663            <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
664          </indexterm>
665        </listitem>
666      </varlistentry>
667
668      <varlistentry id="printenv">
669        <term><command>printenv</command></term>
670        <listitem>
671          <para>Prints the environment</para>
672          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
673            <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
674          </indexterm>
675        </listitem>
676      </varlistentry>
677
678      <varlistentry id="printf">
679        <term><command>printf</command></term>
680        <listitem>
681          <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
682          like the C printf function</para>
683          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
684            <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
685          </indexterm>
686        </listitem>
687      </varlistentry>
688
689      <varlistentry id="ptx">
690        <term><command>ptx</command></term>
691        <listitem>
692          <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
693          with each keyword in its context</para>
694          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
695            <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
696          </indexterm>
697        </listitem>
698      </varlistentry>
699
700      <varlistentry id="pwd">
701        <term><command>pwd</command></term>
702        <listitem>
703          <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
704          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
705            <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
706          </indexterm>
707        </listitem>
708      </varlistentry>
709
710      <varlistentry id="readlink">
711        <term><command>readlink</command></term>
712        <listitem>
713          <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
714          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
715            <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
716          </indexterm>
717        </listitem>
718      </varlistentry>
719
720      <varlistentry id="rm">
721        <term><command>rm</command></term>
722        <listitem>
723          <para>Removes files or directories</para>
724          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
725            <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
726          </indexterm>
727        </listitem>
728      </varlistentry>
729
730      <varlistentry id="rmdir">
731        <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
732        <listitem>
733          <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
734          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
735            <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
736          </indexterm>
737        </listitem>
738      </varlistentry>
739
740      <varlistentry id="seq">
741        <term><command>seq</command></term>
742        <listitem>
743          <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
744          given increment</para>
745          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
746            <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
747          </indexterm>
748        </listitem>
749      </varlistentry>
750
751      <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
752        <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
753        <listitem>
754          <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
755          checksums</para>
756          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
757            <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
758          </indexterm>
759        </listitem>
760      </varlistentry>
761
762      <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
763        <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
764        <listitem>
765          <para>Prints or checks SHA224 checksums</para>
766          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
767            <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
768          </indexterm>
769        </listitem>
770      </varlistentry>
771
772      <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
773        <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
774        <listitem>
775          <para>Prints or checks SHA256 checksums</para>
776          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
777            <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
778          </indexterm>
779        </listitem>
780      </varlistentry>
781
782      <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
783        <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
784        <listitem>
785          <para>Prints or checks SHA384 checksums</para>
786          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
787            <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
788          </indexterm>
789        </listitem>
790      </varlistentry>
791
792      <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
793        <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
794        <listitem>
795          <para>Prints or checks SHA512 checksums</para>
796          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
797            <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
798          </indexterm>
799        </listitem>
800      </varlistentry>
801
802      <varlistentry id="shred">
803        <term><command>shred</command></term>
804        <listitem>
805          <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
806          making it difficult to recover the data</para>
807          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
808            <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
809          </indexterm>
810        </listitem>
811      </varlistentry>
812
813      <varlistentry id="shuf">
814        <term><command>shuf</command></term>
815        <listitem>
816          <para>Write a random permutation of the input lines to standard output or a file</para>
817          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
818            <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
819          </indexterm>
820        </listitem>
821      </varlistentry>
822
823      <varlistentry id="sleep">
824        <term><command>sleep</command></term>
825        <listitem>
826          <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
827          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
828            <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
829          </indexterm>
830        </listitem>
831      </varlistentry>
832
833      <varlistentry id="sort">
834        <term><command>sort</command></term>
835        <listitem>
836          <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
837          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
838            <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
839          </indexterm>
840        </listitem>
841      </varlistentry>
842
843      <varlistentry id="split">
844        <term><command>split</command></term>
845        <listitem>
846          <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
847          lines</para>
848          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
849            <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
850          </indexterm>
851        </listitem>
852      </varlistentry>
853
854      <varlistentry id="stat">
855        <term><command>stat</command></term>
856        <listitem>
857          <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
858          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
859            <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
860          </indexterm>
861        </listitem>
862      </varlistentry>
863
864      <varlistentry id="stty">
865        <term><command>stty</command></term>
866        <listitem>
867          <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
868          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
869            <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
870          </indexterm>
871        </listitem>
872      </varlistentry>
873
874      <varlistentry id="sum">
875        <term><command>sum</command></term>
876        <listitem>
877          <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
878          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
879            <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
880          </indexterm>
881        </listitem>
882      </varlistentry>
883
884      <varlistentry id="sync">
885        <term><command>sync</command></term>
886        <listitem>
887          <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
888          and updates the super block</para>
889          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
890            <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
891          </indexterm>
892        </listitem>
893      </varlistentry>
894
895      <varlistentry id="tac">
896        <term><command>tac</command></term>
897        <listitem>
898          <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
899          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
900            <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
901          </indexterm>
902        </listitem>
903      </varlistentry>
904
905      <varlistentry id="tail">
906        <term><command>tail</command></term>
907        <listitem>
908          <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
909          given file</para>
910          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
911            <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
912          </indexterm>
913        </listitem>
914      </varlistentry>
915
916      <varlistentry id="tee">
917        <term><command>tee</command></term>
918        <listitem>
919          <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
920          and to the given files</para>
921          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
922            <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
923          </indexterm>
924        </listitem>
925      </varlistentry>
926
927      <varlistentry id="test">
928        <term><command>test</command> or <command>[</command></term>
929        <listitem>
930          <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
931          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
932            <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
933          </indexterm>
934        </listitem>
935      </varlistentry>
936
937      <varlistentry id="touch">
938        <term><command>touch</command></term>
939        <listitem>
940          <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
941          times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
942          are created with zero length</para>
943          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
944            <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
945          </indexterm>
946        </listitem>
947      </varlistentry>
948
949      <varlistentry id="tr">
950        <term><command>tr</command></term>
951        <listitem>
952          <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
953          standard input</para>
954          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
955            <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
956          </indexterm>
957        </listitem>
958      </varlistentry>
959
960      <varlistentry id="true">
961        <term><command>true</command></term>
962        <listitem>
963          <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
964          indicating success</para>
965          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
966            <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
967          </indexterm>
968        </listitem>
969      </varlistentry>
970
971      <varlistentry id="tsort">
972        <term><command>tsort</command></term>
973        <listitem>
974          <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
975          according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
976          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
977            <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
978          </indexterm>
979        </listitem>
980      </varlistentry>
981
982      <varlistentry id="tty">
983        <term><command>tty</command></term>
984        <listitem>
985          <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
986          input</para>
987          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
988            <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
989          </indexterm>
990        </listitem>
991      </varlistentry>
992
993      <varlistentry id="uname">
994        <term><command>uname</command></term>
995        <listitem>
996          <para>Reports system information</para>
997          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
998            <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
999          </indexterm>
1000        </listitem>
1001      </varlistentry>
1002
1003      <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1004        <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1005        <listitem>
1006          <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1007          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1008            <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1009          </indexterm>
1010        </listitem>
1011      </varlistentry>
1012
1013      <varlistentry id="uniq">
1014        <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1015        <listitem>
1016          <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1017          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1018            <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1019          </indexterm>
1020        </listitem>
1021      </varlistentry>
1022
1023      <varlistentry id="unlink">
1024        <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1025        <listitem>
1026          <para>Removes the given file</para>
1027          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1028            <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1029          </indexterm>
1030        </listitem>
1031      </varlistentry>
1032
1033      <varlistentry id="users">
1034        <term><command>users</command></term>
1035        <listitem>
1036          <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1037          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1038            <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1039          </indexterm>
1040        </listitem>
1041      </varlistentry>
1042
1043      <varlistentry id="vdir">
1044        <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1045        <listitem>
1046          <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1047          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1048            <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1049          </indexterm>
1050        </listitem>
1051      </varlistentry>
1052
1053      <varlistentry id="wc">
1054        <term><command>wc</command></term>
1055        <listitem>
1056          <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1057          file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1058          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1059            <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1060          </indexterm>
1061        </listitem>
1062      </varlistentry>
1063
1064      <varlistentry id="who">
1065        <term><command>who</command></term>
1066        <listitem>
1067          <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1068          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1069            <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1070          </indexterm>
1071        </listitem>
1072      </varlistentry>
1073
1074      <varlistentry id="whoami">
1075        <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1076        <listitem>
1077          <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1078          user ID</para>
1079          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1080            <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1081          </indexterm>
1082        </listitem>
1083      </varlistentry>
1084
1085      <varlistentry id="yes">
1086        <term><command>yes</command></term>
1087        <listitem>
1088          <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1089          killed</para>
1090          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1091            <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1092          </indexterm>
1093        </listitem>
1094      </varlistentry>
1095
1096    </variablelist>
1097
1098  </sect2>
1099
1100</sect1>
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