source: BOOK/final-system/common/coreutils.xml@ 3a9adc5c

clfs-1.2 clfs-2.1 clfs-3.0.0-systemd clfs-3.0.0-sysvinit systemd sysvinit
Last change on this file since 3a9adc5c was 7b31c44, checked in by Joe Ciccone <jciccone@…>, 16 years ago

Updated Coreutils to 6.12.
Drop Mktemp in favor of the version included in Coreutils.
Updated Perl to 5.10.0.
Updated File to 4.25.
Updated File to 4.26.
Updated GCC to 4.3.2.
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 38.1 KB
Line 
1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
14 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
15 </indexterm>
16
17 <sect2 role="package">
18 <title/>
19
20 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
21 basic system characteristics.</para>
22
23 </sect2>
24
25 <sect2 role="installation">
26 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
27
28 <para os="p1">A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
29 this package is that the <option>-p</option> switch always
30 returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
31 fixes this behavior for all architectures:</para>
32
33<screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
34
35 <para os="s1">The following command renames the internal implementation of
36 futimens to gl_futimens as newer versions of Glibc provide an incompatible
37 version:</para>
38
39<screen os="s2"><userinput>sed -i "s/futimens/gl_&amp;/" $(grep -lr futimens *)</userinput></screen>
40
41 <para os="c">Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
42
43<screen os="d"><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr \
44 --enable-no-install-program=arch,hostname,kill,su,uptime</userinput></screen>
45
46 <para os="e">Compile the package:</para>
47
48<screen os="f"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
49
50 <para os="g">The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the
51 presence of system users and groups that are not valid within the minimal
52 environment that exists at the moment. Therefore, additional items need
53 to be set up before running the tests. Skip down to <quote>Install the
54 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
55
56 <para os="h">Create two <systemitem class="groupname">dummy</systemitem> groups
57 and a <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
58
59<screen os="i"><userinput>echo "dummy1:x:1000:" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
60echo "dummy2:x:1001:dummy" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
61echo "dummy:x:1000:1000::/root:/bin/bash" &gt;&gt; /etc/passwd</userinput></screen>
62
63 <para os="j">Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run
64 the tests that are meant to be run as user
65 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
66
67<screen os="k"><userinput>make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=dummy check-root</userinput></screen>
68
69 <para os="l">Then run the remainder of the tests as the
70 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
71
72<screen os="m"><userinput>src/su dummy -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
73
74 <para os="n">When testing is complete, remove the
75 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user and groups:</para>
76
77<screen os="o"><userinput>sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/passwd /etc/group</userinput></screen>
78
79 <para os="p">Install the package:</para>
80
81<screen os="q"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
82
83 <para os="r">Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
84
85<screen os="s"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date} /bin
86mv -v /usr/bin/{dd,df,echo,false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod} /bin
87mv -v /usr/bin/{mv,pwd,rm,rmdir,stty,true,uname} /bin
88mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
89
90 <para os="t">Other Coreutils programs are used by some of the scripts
91 in the CLFS-Bootscripts package. As <filename
92 class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the early
93 stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition:</para>
94
95<screen os="u"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{[,basename,head,install,nice} /bin
96mv -v /usr/bin/{readlink,sleep,sync,test,touch} /bin
97ln -svf ../../bin/install /usr/bin</userinput></screen>
98
99 </sect2>
100
101 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
102 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
103
104 <segmentedlist>
105 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
106
107 <seglistitem>
108 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
109 comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du,
110 echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head,
111 hostid, hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum,
112 mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk,
113 pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq,
114 sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf,
115 sleep, sort, split, stat, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test, touch,
116 tr, true, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc,
117 who, whoami, and yes</seg>
118 </seglistitem>
119 </segmentedlist>
120
121 <variablelist>
122 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
123 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
124 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
125
126 <varlistentry id="base64">
127 <term><command>base64</command></term>
128 <listitem>
129 <para>Base64 encode/decode data and print to standard output</para>
130 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
131 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
132 </indexterm>
133 </listitem>
134 </varlistentry>
135
136 <varlistentry id="basename">
137 <term><command>basename</command></term>
138 <listitem>
139 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
140 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
141 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
142 </indexterm>
143 </listitem>
144 </varlistentry>
145
146 <varlistentry id="cat">
147 <term><command>cat</command></term>
148 <listitem>
149 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
150 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
151 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
152 </indexterm>
153 </listitem>
154 </varlistentry>
155
156 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
157 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
158 <listitem>
159 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
160 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
161 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
162 </indexterm>
163 </listitem>
164 </varlistentry>
165
166 <varlistentry id="chmod">
167 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
168 <listitem>
169 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
170 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
171 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
172 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
173 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
174 </indexterm>
175 </listitem>
176 </varlistentry>
177
178 <varlistentry id="chown">
179 <term><command>chown</command></term>
180 <listitem>
181 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
182 directories</para>
183 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
184 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
185 </indexterm>
186 </listitem>
187 </varlistentry>
188
189 <varlistentry id="chroot">
190 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
191 <listitem>
192 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
193 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
194 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
195 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
196 </indexterm>
197 </listitem>
198 </varlistentry>
199
200 <varlistentry id="cksum">
201 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
202 <listitem>
203 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
204 counts of each specified file</para>
205 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
206 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
207 </indexterm>
208 </listitem>
209 </varlistentry>
210
211 <varlistentry id="comm">
212 <term><command>comm</command></term>
213 <listitem>
214 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
215 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
216 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
217 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
218 </indexterm>
219 </listitem>
220 </varlistentry>
221
222 <varlistentry id="cp">
223 <term><command>cp</command></term>
224 <listitem>
225 <para>Copies files</para>
226 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
227 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
228 </indexterm>
229 </listitem>
230 </varlistentry>
231
232 <varlistentry id="csplit">
233 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
234 <listitem>
235 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
236 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
237 count of each new file</para>
238 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
239 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
240 </indexterm>
241 </listitem>
242 </varlistentry>
243
244 <varlistentry id="cut">
245 <term><command>cut</command></term>
246 <listitem>
247 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
248 fields or positions</para>
249 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
250 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
251 </indexterm>
252 </listitem>
253 </varlistentry>
254
255 <varlistentry id="date">
256 <term><command>date</command></term>
257 <listitem>
258 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
259 system date</para>
260 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
261 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
262 </indexterm>
263 </listitem>
264 </varlistentry>
265
266 <varlistentry id="dd">
267 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
268 <listitem>
269 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
270 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
271 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
272 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
273 </indexterm>
274 </listitem>
275 </varlistentry>
276
277 <varlistentry id="df">
278 <term><command>df</command></term>
279 <listitem>
280 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
281 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
282 files</para>
283 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
284 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
285 </indexterm>
286 </listitem>
287 </varlistentry>
288
289 <varlistentry id="dir">
290 <term><command>dir</command></term>
291 <listitem>
292 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
293 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
294 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
295 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
296 </indexterm>
297 </listitem>
298 </varlistentry>
299
300 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
301 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
302 <listitem>
303 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
304 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
305 <command>ls</command></para>
306 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
307 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
308 </indexterm>
309 </listitem>
310 </varlistentry>
311
312 <varlistentry id="dirname">
313 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
314 <listitem>
315 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
316 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
317 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
318 </indexterm>
319 </listitem>
320 </varlistentry>
321
322 <varlistentry id="du">
323 <term><command>du</command></term>
324 <listitem>
325 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
326 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
327 each of the given files</para>
328 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
329 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
330 </indexterm>
331 </listitem>
332 </varlistentry>
333
334 <varlistentry id="echo">
335 <term><command>echo</command></term>
336 <listitem>
337 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
338 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
339 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
340 </indexterm>
341 </listitem>
342 </varlistentry>
343
344 <varlistentry id="env">
345 <term><command>env</command></term>
346 <listitem>
347 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
348 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
349 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
350 </indexterm>
351 </listitem>
352 </varlistentry>
353
354 <varlistentry id="expand">
355 <term><command>expand</command></term>
356 <listitem>
357 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
358 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
359 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
360 </indexterm>
361 </listitem>
362 </varlistentry>
363
364 <varlistentry id="expr">
365 <term><command>expr</command></term>
366 <listitem>
367 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
368 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
369 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
370 </indexterm>
371 </listitem>
372 </varlistentry>
373
374 <varlistentry id="factor">
375 <term><command>factor</command></term>
376 <listitem>
377 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
378 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
379 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
380 </indexterm>
381 </listitem>
382 </varlistentry>
383
384 <varlistentry id="false">
385 <term><command>false</command></term>
386 <listitem>
387 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
388 indicating failure</para>
389 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
390 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
391 </indexterm>
392 </listitem>
393 </varlistentry>
394
395 <varlistentry id="fmt">
396 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
397 <listitem>
398 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
399 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
400 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
401 </indexterm>
402 </listitem>
403 </varlistentry>
404
405 <varlistentry id="fold">
406 <term><command>fold</command></term>
407 <listitem>
408 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
409 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
410 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
411 </indexterm>
412 </listitem>
413 </varlistentry>
414
415 <varlistentry id="groups">
416 <term><command>groups</command></term>
417 <listitem>
418 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
419 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
420 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
421 </indexterm>
422 </listitem>
423 </varlistentry>
424
425 <varlistentry id="head">
426 <term><command>head</command></term>
427 <listitem>
428 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
429 of each given file</para>
430 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
431 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
432 </indexterm>
433 </listitem>
434 </varlistentry>
435
436 <varlistentry id="hostid">
437 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
438 <listitem>
439 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
440 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
441 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
442 </indexterm>
443 </listitem>
444 </varlistentry>
445
446 <varlistentry id="hostname">
447 <term><command>hostname</command></term>
448 <listitem>
449 <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
450 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
451 <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
452 </indexterm>
453 </listitem>
454 </varlistentry>
455
456 <varlistentry id="id">
457 <term><command>id</command></term>
458 <listitem>
459 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
460 of the current user or specified user</para>
461 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
462 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
463 </indexterm>
464 </listitem>
465 </varlistentry>
466
467 <varlistentry id="install">
468 <term><command>install</command> </term>
469 <listitem>
470 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
471 possible, their owner and group</para>
472 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
473 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
474 </indexterm>
475 </listitem>
476 </varlistentry>
477
478 <varlistentry id="join">
479 <term><command>join</command></term>
480 <listitem>
481 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
482 separate files</para>
483 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
484 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
485 </indexterm>
486 </listitem>
487 </varlistentry>
488
489 <varlistentry id="link">
490 <term><command>link</command></term>
491 <listitem>
492 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
493 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
494 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
495 </indexterm>
496 </listitem>
497 </varlistentry>
498
499 <varlistentry id="ln">
500 <term><command>ln</command></term>
501 <listitem>
502 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
503 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
504 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
505 </indexterm>
506 </listitem>
507 </varlistentry>
508
509 <varlistentry id="logname">
510 <term><command>logname</command></term>
511 <listitem>
512 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
513 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
514 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
515 </indexterm>
516 </listitem>
517 </varlistentry>
518
519 <varlistentry id="ls">
520 <term><command>ls</command></term>
521 <listitem>
522 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
523 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
524 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
525 </indexterm>
526 </listitem>
527 </varlistentry>
528
529 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
530 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
531 <listitem>
532 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
533 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
534 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
535 </indexterm>
536 </listitem>
537 </varlistentry>
538
539 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
540 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
541 <listitem>
542 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
543 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
544 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
545 </indexterm>
546 </listitem>
547 </varlistentry>
548
549 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
550 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
551 <listitem>
552 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
553 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
554 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
555 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
556 </indexterm>
557 </listitem>
558 </varlistentry>
559
560 <varlistentry id="mknod">
561 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
562 <listitem>
563 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
564 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
565 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
566 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
567 </indexterm>
568 </listitem>
569 </varlistentry>
570
571 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
572 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
573 <listitem>
574 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in
575 scripts</para>
576 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
577 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
578 </indexterm>
579 </listitem>
580 </varlistentry>
581
582 <varlistentry id="mv">
583 <term><command>mv</command></term>
584 <listitem>
585 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
586 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
587 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
588 </indexterm>
589 </listitem>
590 </varlistentry>
591
592 <varlistentry id="nice">
593 <term><command>nice</command></term>
594 <listitem>
595 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
596 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
597 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
598 </indexterm>
599 </listitem>
600 </varlistentry>
601
602 <varlistentry id="nl">
603 <term><command>nl</command></term>
604 <listitem>
605 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
606 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
607 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
608 </indexterm>
609 </listitem>
610 </varlistentry>
611
612 <varlistentry id="nohup">
613 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
614 <listitem>
615 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
616 a log file</para>
617 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
618 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
619 </indexterm>
620 </listitem>
621 </varlistentry>
622
623 <varlistentry id="od">
624 <term><command>od</command></term>
625 <listitem>
626 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
627 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
628 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
629 </indexterm>
630 </listitem>
631 </varlistentry>
632
633 <varlistentry id="paste">
634 <term><command>paste</command></term>
635 <listitem>
636 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
637 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
638 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
639 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
640 </indexterm>
641 </listitem>
642 </varlistentry>
643
644 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
645 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
646 <listitem>
647 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
648 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
649 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
650 </indexterm>
651 </listitem>
652 </varlistentry>
653
654 <varlistentry id="pinky">
655 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
656 <listitem>
657 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
658 about the given users</para>
659 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
660 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
661 </indexterm>
662 </listitem>
663 </varlistentry>
664
665 <varlistentry id="pr">
666 <term><command>pr</command></term>
667 <listitem>
668 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
669 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
670 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
671 </indexterm>
672 </listitem>
673 </varlistentry>
674
675 <varlistentry id="printenv">
676 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
677 <listitem>
678 <para>Prints the environment</para>
679 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
680 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
681 </indexterm>
682 </listitem>
683 </varlistentry>
684
685 <varlistentry id="printf">
686 <term><command>printf</command></term>
687 <listitem>
688 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
689 like the C printf function</para>
690 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
691 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
692 </indexterm>
693 </listitem>
694 </varlistentry>
695
696 <varlistentry id="ptx">
697 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
698 <listitem>
699 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
700 with each keyword in its context</para>
701 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
702 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
703 </indexterm>
704 </listitem>
705 </varlistentry>
706
707 <varlistentry id="pwd">
708 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
709 <listitem>
710 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
711 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
712 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
713 </indexterm>
714 </listitem>
715 </varlistentry>
716
717 <varlistentry id="readlink">
718 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
719 <listitem>
720 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
721 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
722 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
723 </indexterm>
724 </listitem>
725 </varlistentry>
726
727 <varlistentry id="rm">
728 <term><command>rm</command></term>
729 <listitem>
730 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
731 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
732 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
733 </indexterm>
734 </listitem>
735 </varlistentry>
736
737 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
738 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
739 <listitem>
740 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
741 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
742 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
743 </indexterm>
744 </listitem>
745 </varlistentry>
746
747 <varlistentry id="seq">
748 <term><command>seq</command></term>
749 <listitem>
750 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
751 given increment</para>
752 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
753 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
754 </indexterm>
755 </listitem>
756 </varlistentry>
757
758 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
759 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
760 <listitem>
761 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
762 checksums</para>
763 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
764 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
765 </indexterm>
766 </listitem>
767 </varlistentry>
768
769 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
770 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
771 <listitem>
772 <para>Prints or checks SHA224 checksums</para>
773 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
774 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
775 </indexterm>
776 </listitem>
777 </varlistentry>
778
779 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
780 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
781 <listitem>
782 <para>Prints or checks SHA256 checksums</para>
783 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
784 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
785 </indexterm>
786 </listitem>
787 </varlistentry>
788
789 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
790 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
791 <listitem>
792 <para>Prints or checks SHA384 checksums</para>
793 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
794 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
795 </indexterm>
796 </listitem>
797 </varlistentry>
798
799 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
800 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
801 <listitem>
802 <para>Prints or checks SHA512 checksums</para>
803 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
804 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
805 </indexterm>
806 </listitem>
807 </varlistentry>
808
809 <varlistentry id="shred">
810 <term><command>shred</command></term>
811 <listitem>
812 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
813 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
814 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
815 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
816 </indexterm>
817 </listitem>
818 </varlistentry>
819
820 <varlistentry id="shuf">
821 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
822 <listitem>
823 <para>Write a random permutation of the input lines to standard output or a file</para>
824 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
825 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
826 </indexterm>
827 </listitem>
828 </varlistentry>
829
830 <varlistentry id="sleep">
831 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
832 <listitem>
833 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
834 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
835 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
836 </indexterm>
837 </listitem>
838 </varlistentry>
839
840 <varlistentry id="sort">
841 <term><command>sort</command></term>
842 <listitem>
843 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
844 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
845 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
846 </indexterm>
847 </listitem>
848 </varlistentry>
849
850 <varlistentry id="split">
851 <term><command>split</command></term>
852 <listitem>
853 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
854 lines</para>
855 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
856 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
857 </indexterm>
858 </listitem>
859 </varlistentry>
860
861 <varlistentry id="stat">
862 <term><command>stat</command></term>
863 <listitem>
864 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
865 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
866 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
867 </indexterm>
868 </listitem>
869 </varlistentry>
870
871 <varlistentry id="stty">
872 <term><command>stty</command></term>
873 <listitem>
874 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
875 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
876 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
877 </indexterm>
878 </listitem>
879 </varlistentry>
880
881 <varlistentry id="sum">
882 <term><command>sum</command></term>
883 <listitem>
884 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
885 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
886 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
887 </indexterm>
888 </listitem>
889 </varlistentry>
890
891 <varlistentry id="sync">
892 <term><command>sync</command></term>
893 <listitem>
894 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
895 and updates the super block</para>
896 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
897 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
898 </indexterm>
899 </listitem>
900 </varlistentry>
901
902 <varlistentry id="tac">
903 <term><command>tac</command></term>
904 <listitem>
905 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
906 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
907 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
908 </indexterm>
909 </listitem>
910 </varlistentry>
911
912 <varlistentry id="tail">
913 <term><command>tail</command></term>
914 <listitem>
915 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
916 given file</para>
917 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
918 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
919 </indexterm>
920 </listitem>
921 </varlistentry>
922
923 <varlistentry id="tee">
924 <term><command>tee</command></term>
925 <listitem>
926 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
927 and to the given files</para>
928 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
929 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
930 </indexterm>
931 </listitem>
932 </varlistentry>
933
934 <varlistentry id="test">
935 <term><command>test</command> or <command>[</command></term>
936 <listitem>
937 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
938 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
939 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
940 </indexterm>
941 </listitem>
942 </varlistentry>
943
944 <varlistentry id="touch">
945 <term><command>touch</command></term>
946 <listitem>
947 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
948 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
949 are created with zero length</para>
950 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
951 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
952 </indexterm>
953 </listitem>
954 </varlistentry>
955
956 <varlistentry id="tr">
957 <term><command>tr</command></term>
958 <listitem>
959 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
960 standard input</para>
961 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
962 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
963 </indexterm>
964 </listitem>
965 </varlistentry>
966
967 <varlistentry id="true">
968 <term><command>true</command></term>
969 <listitem>
970 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
971 indicating success</para>
972 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
973 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
974 </indexterm>
975 </listitem>
976 </varlistentry>
977
978 <varlistentry id="tsort">
979 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
980 <listitem>
981 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
982 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
983 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
984 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
985 </indexterm>
986 </listitem>
987 </varlistentry>
988
989 <varlistentry id="tty">
990 <term><command>tty</command></term>
991 <listitem>
992 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
993 input</para>
994 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
995 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
996 </indexterm>
997 </listitem>
998 </varlistentry>
999
1000 <varlistentry id="uname">
1001 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1002 <listitem>
1003 <para>Reports system information</para>
1004 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1005 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1006 </indexterm>
1007 </listitem>
1008 </varlistentry>
1009
1010 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1011 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1012 <listitem>
1013 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1014 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1015 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1016 </indexterm>
1017 </listitem>
1018 </varlistentry>
1019
1020 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1021 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1022 <listitem>
1023 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1024 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1025 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1026 </indexterm>
1027 </listitem>
1028 </varlistentry>
1029
1030 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1031 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1032 <listitem>
1033 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1034 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1035 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1036 </indexterm>
1037 </listitem>
1038 </varlistentry>
1039
1040 <varlistentry id="users">
1041 <term><command>users</command></term>
1042 <listitem>
1043 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1044 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1045 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1046 </indexterm>
1047 </listitem>
1048 </varlistentry>
1049
1050 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1051 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1052 <listitem>
1053 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1054 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1055 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1056 </indexterm>
1057 </listitem>
1058 </varlistentry>
1059
1060 <varlistentry id="wc">
1061 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1062 <listitem>
1063 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1064 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1065 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1066 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1067 </indexterm>
1068 </listitem>
1069 </varlistentry>
1070
1071 <varlistentry id="who">
1072 <term><command>who</command></term>
1073 <listitem>
1074 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1075 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1076 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1077 </indexterm>
1078 </listitem>
1079 </varlistentry>
1080
1081 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1082 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1083 <listitem>
1084 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1085 user ID</para>
1086 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1087 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1088 </indexterm>
1089 </listitem>
1090 </varlistentry>
1091
1092 <varlistentry id="yes">
1093 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1094 <listitem>
1095 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1096 killed</para>
1097 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1098 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1099 </indexterm>
1100 </listitem>
1101 </varlistentry>
1102
1103 </variablelist>
1104
1105 </sect2>
1106
1107</sect1>
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