source: BOOK/final-system/common/coreutils.xml@ 00c6032

clfs-2.1 clfs-3.0.0-systemd clfs-3.0.0-sysvinit systemd sysvinit
Last change on this file since 00c6032 was 85b873a, checked in by William Harrington <kb0iic@…>, 12 years ago

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
14 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
15 </indexterm>
16
17 <sect2 role="package">
18 <title/>
19
20 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
21 basic system characteristics.</para>
22
23 </sect2>
24
25 <sect2 role="installation">
26 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
27
28 <para os="p1">A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
29 this package is that the <option>-p</option> switch always
30 returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
31 fixes this behavior for all architectures:</para>
32
33<screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
34
35 <para os="c">Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
36
37<screen os="d"><userinput>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 \
38 ./configure --prefix=/usr \
39 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime \
40 --enable-install-program=hostname</userinput></screen>
41
42 <variablelist os="d1">
43 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
44
45 <varlistentry os="d2">
46 <term><parameter>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</parameter></term>
47 <listitem>
48 <para>Forces Coreutils to compile when using the root user.</para>
49 </listitem>
50 </varlistentry>
51
52 </variablelist>
53
54 <para os="e">Compile the package:</para>
55
56<screen os="f"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
57
58 <para os="g">The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the
59 presence of system users and groups that are not valid within the minimal
60 environment that exists at the moment. Therefore, additional items need
61 to be set up before running the tests. Skip down to <quote>Install the
62 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
63
64 <para os="h">Create two <systemitem class="groupname">dummy</systemitem> groups
65 and a <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
66
67<screen os="i"><userinput>echo "dummy1:x:1000:" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
68echo "dummy2:x:1001:dummy" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
69echo "dummy:x:1000:1000::/root:/bin/bash" &gt;&gt; /etc/passwd</userinput></screen>
70
71 <para os="j">Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run
72 the tests that are meant to be run as user
73 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
74
75<screen os="k"><userinput>make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=dummy check-root</userinput></screen>
76
77 <para os="l">The testsuite will now be run as the
78 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user. Fix the permissions
79 for a few files to allow this:</para>
80
81<screen os="m"><userinput>chown -Rv dummy .</userinput></screen>
82
83 <para os="n">Then run the remainder of the tests as the
84 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
85
86<screen os="o"><userinput>su dummy -s /bin/bash \
87 -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes -k check || true"</userinput></screen>
88
89 <para os="p">When testing is complete, remove the
90 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user and groups:</para>
91
92<screen os="q"><userinput>sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/passwd /etc/group</userinput></screen>
93
94 <para os="r">Install the package:</para>
95
96<screen os="s"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
97
98 <para os="t">Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
99
100<screen os="u"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date} /bin
101mv -v /usr/bin/{dd,df,echo,false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod} /bin
102mv -v /usr/bin/{mv,pwd,rm,rmdir,stty,true,uname} /bin
103mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
104
105 <para os="v">Other Coreutils programs are used by some of the scripts
106 in the CLFS-Bootscripts package. As <filename
107 class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the early
108 stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition:</para>
109
110<screen os="w"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{[,basename,head,install,nice} /bin
111mv -v /usr/bin/{readlink,sleep,sync,test,touch} /bin
112ln -svf ../../bin/install /usr/bin</userinput></screen>
113
114 </sect2>
115
116 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
117 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
118
119 <segmentedlist>
120 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
121 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
122 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
123
124 <seglistitem>
125 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot,
126 cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du,
127 echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head,
128 hostid, hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum,
129 mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk,
130 pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq,
131 sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf,
132 sleep, sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test,
133 timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq,
134 unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
135 <seg>libstdbuf.so</seg>
136 <seg>/usr/lib/coreutils</seg>
137 </seglistitem>
138 </segmentedlist>
139
140 <variablelist>
141 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
142 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
143 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
144
145 <varlistentry id="base64">
146 <term><command>base64</command></term>
147 <listitem>
148 <para>Base64 encode/decode data and print to standard output</para>
149 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
150 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
151 </indexterm>
152 </listitem>
153 </varlistentry>
154
155 <varlistentry id="basename">
156 <term><command>basename</command></term>
157 <listitem>
158 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
159 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
160 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
161 </indexterm>
162 </listitem>
163 </varlistentry>
164
165 <varlistentry id="cat">
166 <term><command>cat</command></term>
167 <listitem>
168 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
169 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
170 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
171 </indexterm>
172 </listitem>
173 </varlistentry>
174
175 <varlistentry id="chcon">
176 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
177 <listitem>
178 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
179 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
180 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
181 </indexterm>
182 </listitem>
183 </varlistentry>
184
185 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
186 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
187 <listitem>
188 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
189 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
190 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
191 </indexterm>
192 </listitem>
193 </varlistentry>
194
195 <varlistentry id="chmod">
196 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
197 <listitem>
198 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
199 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
200 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
201 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
202 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
203 </indexterm>
204 </listitem>
205 </varlistentry>
206
207 <varlistentry id="chown">
208 <term><command>chown</command></term>
209 <listitem>
210 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
211 directories</para>
212 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
213 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
214 </indexterm>
215 </listitem>
216 </varlistentry>
217
218 <varlistentry id="chroot">
219 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
220 <listitem>
221 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
222 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
223 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
224 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
225 </indexterm>
226 </listitem>
227 </varlistentry>
228
229 <varlistentry id="cksum">
230 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
231 <listitem>
232 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
233 counts of each specified file</para>
234 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
235 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
236 </indexterm>
237 </listitem>
238 </varlistentry>
239
240 <varlistentry id="comm">
241 <term><command>comm</command></term>
242 <listitem>
243 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
244 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
245 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
246 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
247 </indexterm>
248 </listitem>
249 </varlistentry>
250
251 <varlistentry id="cp">
252 <term><command>cp</command></term>
253 <listitem>
254 <para>Copies files</para>
255 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
256 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
257 </indexterm>
258 </listitem>
259 </varlistentry>
260
261 <varlistentry id="csplit">
262 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
263 <listitem>
264 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
265 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
266 count of each new file</para>
267 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
268 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
269 </indexterm>
270 </listitem>
271 </varlistentry>
272
273 <varlistentry id="cut">
274 <term><command>cut</command></term>
275 <listitem>
276 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
277 fields or positions</para>
278 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
279 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
280 </indexterm>
281 </listitem>
282 </varlistentry>
283
284 <varlistentry id="date">
285 <term><command>date</command></term>
286 <listitem>
287 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
288 system date</para>
289 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
290 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
291 </indexterm>
292 </listitem>
293 </varlistentry>
294
295 <varlistentry id="dd">
296 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
297 <listitem>
298 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
299 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
300 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
301 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
302 </indexterm>
303 </listitem>
304 </varlistentry>
305
306 <varlistentry id="df">
307 <term><command>df</command></term>
308 <listitem>
309 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
310 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
311 files</para>
312 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
313 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
314 </indexterm>
315 </listitem>
316 </varlistentry>
317
318 <varlistentry id="dir">
319 <term><command>dir</command></term>
320 <listitem>
321 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
322 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
323 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
324 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
325 </indexterm>
326 </listitem>
327 </varlistentry>
328
329 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
330 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
331 <listitem>
332 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
333 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
334 <command>ls</command></para>
335 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
336 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
337 </indexterm>
338 </listitem>
339 </varlistentry>
340
341 <varlistentry id="dirname">
342 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
343 <listitem>
344 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
345 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
346 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
347 </indexterm>
348 </listitem>
349 </varlistentry>
350
351 <varlistentry id="du">
352 <term><command>du</command></term>
353 <listitem>
354 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
355 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
356 each of the given files</para>
357 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
358 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
359 </indexterm>
360 </listitem>
361 </varlistentry>
362
363 <varlistentry id="echo">
364 <term><command>echo</command></term>
365 <listitem>
366 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
367 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
368 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
369 </indexterm>
370 </listitem>
371 </varlistentry>
372
373 <varlistentry id="env">
374 <term><command>env</command></term>
375 <listitem>
376 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
377 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
378 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
379 </indexterm>
380 </listitem>
381 </varlistentry>
382
383 <varlistentry id="expand">
384 <term><command>expand</command></term>
385 <listitem>
386 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
387 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
388 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
389 </indexterm>
390 </listitem>
391 </varlistentry>
392
393 <varlistentry id="expr">
394 <term><command>expr</command></term>
395 <listitem>
396 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
397 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
398 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
399 </indexterm>
400 </listitem>
401 </varlistentry>
402
403 <varlistentry id="factor">
404 <term><command>factor</command></term>
405 <listitem>
406 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
407 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
408 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
409 </indexterm>
410 </listitem>
411 </varlistentry>
412
413 <varlistentry id="false">
414 <term><command>false</command></term>
415 <listitem>
416 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
417 indicating failure</para>
418 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
419 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
420 </indexterm>
421 </listitem>
422 </varlistentry>
423
424 <varlistentry id="fmt">
425 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
426 <listitem>
427 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
428 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
429 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
430 </indexterm>
431 </listitem>
432 </varlistentry>
433
434 <varlistentry id="fold">
435 <term><command>fold</command></term>
436 <listitem>
437 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
438 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
439 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
440 </indexterm>
441 </listitem>
442 </varlistentry>
443
444 <varlistentry id="groups">
445 <term><command>groups</command></term>
446 <listitem>
447 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
448 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
449 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
450 </indexterm>
451 </listitem>
452 </varlistentry>
453
454 <varlistentry id="head">
455 <term><command>head</command></term>
456 <listitem>
457 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
458 of each given file</para>
459 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
460 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
461 </indexterm>
462 </listitem>
463 </varlistentry>
464
465 <varlistentry id="hostid">
466 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
467 <listitem>
468 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
469 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
470 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
471 </indexterm>
472 </listitem>
473 </varlistentry>
474
475 <varlistentry id="hostname">
476 <term><command>hostname</command></term>
477 <listitem>
478 <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
479 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
480 <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
481 </indexterm>
482 </listitem>
483 </varlistentry>
484
485 <varlistentry id="id">
486 <term><command>id</command></term>
487 <listitem>
488 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
489 of the current user or specified user</para>
490 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
491 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
492 </indexterm>
493 </listitem>
494 </varlistentry>
495
496 <varlistentry id="install">
497 <term><command>install</command> </term>
498 <listitem>
499 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
500 possible, their owner and group</para>
501 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
502 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
503 </indexterm>
504 </listitem>
505 </varlistentry>
506
507 <varlistentry id="join">
508 <term><command>join</command></term>
509 <listitem>
510 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
511 separate files</para>
512 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
513 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
514 </indexterm>
515 </listitem>
516 </varlistentry>
517
518 <varlistentry id="link">
519 <term><command>link</command></term>
520 <listitem>
521 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
522 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
523 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
524 </indexterm>
525 </listitem>
526 </varlistentry>
527
528 <varlistentry id="ln">
529 <term><command>ln</command></term>
530 <listitem>
531 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
532 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
533 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
534 </indexterm>
535 </listitem>
536 </varlistentry>
537
538 <varlistentry id="logname">
539 <term><command>logname</command></term>
540 <listitem>
541 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
542 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
543 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
544 </indexterm>
545 </listitem>
546 </varlistentry>
547
548 <varlistentry id="ls">
549 <term><command>ls</command></term>
550 <listitem>
551 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
552 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
553 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
554 </indexterm>
555 </listitem>
556 </varlistentry>
557
558 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
559 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
560 <listitem>
561 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
562 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
563 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
564 </indexterm>
565 </listitem>
566 </varlistentry>
567
568 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
569 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
570 <listitem>
571 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
572 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
573 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
574 </indexterm>
575 </listitem>
576 </varlistentry>
577
578 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
579 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
580 <listitem>
581 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
582 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
583 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
584 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
585 </indexterm>
586 </listitem>
587 </varlistentry>
588
589 <varlistentry id="mknod">
590 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
591 <listitem>
592 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
593 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
594 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
595 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
596 </indexterm>
597 </listitem>
598 </varlistentry>
599
600 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
601 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
602 <listitem>
603 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in
604 scripts</para>
605 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
606 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
607 </indexterm>
608 </listitem>
609 </varlistentry>
610
611 <varlistentry id="mv">
612 <term><command>mv</command></term>
613 <listitem>
614 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
615 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
616 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
617 </indexterm>
618 </listitem>
619 </varlistentry>
620
621 <varlistentry id="nice">
622 <term><command>nice</command></term>
623 <listitem>
624 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
625 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
626 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
627 </indexterm>
628 </listitem>
629 </varlistentry>
630
631 <varlistentry id="nl">
632 <term><command>nl</command></term>
633 <listitem>
634 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
635 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
636 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
637 </indexterm>
638 </listitem>
639 </varlistentry>
640
641 <varlistentry id="nohup">
642 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
643 <listitem>
644 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
645 a log file</para>
646 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
647 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
648 </indexterm>
649 </listitem>
650 </varlistentry>
651
652 <varlistentry id="od">
653 <term><command>od</command></term>
654 <listitem>
655 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
656 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
657 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
658 </indexterm>
659 </listitem>
660 </varlistentry>
661
662 <varlistentry id="paste">
663 <term><command>paste</command></term>
664 <listitem>
665 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
666 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
667 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
668 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
669 </indexterm>
670 </listitem>
671 </varlistentry>
672
673 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
674 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
675 <listitem>
676 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
677 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
678 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
679 </indexterm>
680 </listitem>
681 </varlistentry>
682
683 <varlistentry id="pinky">
684 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
685 <listitem>
686 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
687 about the given users</para>
688 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
689 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
690 </indexterm>
691 </listitem>
692 </varlistentry>
693
694 <varlistentry id="pr">
695 <term><command>pr</command></term>
696 <listitem>
697 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
698 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
699 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
700 </indexterm>
701 </listitem>
702 </varlistentry>
703
704 <varlistentry id="printenv">
705 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
706 <listitem>
707 <para>Prints the environment</para>
708 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
709 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
710 </indexterm>
711 </listitem>
712 </varlistentry>
713
714 <varlistentry id="printf">
715 <term><command>printf</command></term>
716 <listitem>
717 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
718 like the C printf function</para>
719 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
720 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
721 </indexterm>
722 </listitem>
723 </varlistentry>
724
725 <varlistentry id="ptx">
726 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
727 <listitem>
728 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
729 with each keyword in its context</para>
730 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
731 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
732 </indexterm>
733 </listitem>
734 </varlistentry>
735
736 <varlistentry id="pwd">
737 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
738 <listitem>
739 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
740 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
741 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
742 </indexterm>
743 </listitem>
744 </varlistentry>
745
746 <varlistentry id="readlink">
747 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
748 <listitem>
749 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
750 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
751 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
752 </indexterm>
753 </listitem>
754 </varlistentry>
755
756 <varlistentry id="rm">
757 <term><command>rm</command></term>
758 <listitem>
759 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
760 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
761 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
762 </indexterm>
763 </listitem>
764 </varlistentry>
765
766 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
767 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
768 <listitem>
769 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
770 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
771 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
772 </indexterm>
773 </listitem>
774 </varlistentry>
775
776 <varlistentry id="runcon">
777 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
778 <listitem>
779 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
780 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
781 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
782 </indexterm>
783 </listitem>
784 </varlistentry>
785
786 <varlistentry id="seq">
787 <term><command>seq</command></term>
788 <listitem>
789 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
790 given increment</para>
791 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
792 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
793 </indexterm>
794 </listitem>
795 </varlistentry>
796
797 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
798 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
799 <listitem>
800 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
801 checksums</para>
802 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
803 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
804 </indexterm>
805 </listitem>
806 </varlistentry>
807
808 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
809 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
810 <listitem>
811 <para>Prints or checks SHA224 checksums</para>
812 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
813 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
814 </indexterm>
815 </listitem>
816 </varlistentry>
817
818 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
819 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
820 <listitem>
821 <para>Prints or checks SHA256 checksums</para>
822 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
823 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
824 </indexterm>
825 </listitem>
826 </varlistentry>
827
828 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
829 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
830 <listitem>
831 <para>Prints or checks SHA384 checksums</para>
832 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
833 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
834 </indexterm>
835 </listitem>
836 </varlistentry>
837
838 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
839 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
840 <listitem>
841 <para>Prints or checks SHA512 checksums</para>
842 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
843 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
844 </indexterm>
845 </listitem>
846 </varlistentry>
847
848 <varlistentry id="shred">
849 <term><command>shred</command></term>
850 <listitem>
851 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
852 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
853 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
854 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
855 </indexterm>
856 </listitem>
857 </varlistentry>
858
859 <varlistentry id="shuf">
860 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
861 <listitem>
862 <para>Write a random permutation of the input lines to standard output or a file</para>
863 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
864 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
865 </indexterm>
866 </listitem>
867 </varlistentry>
868
869 <varlistentry id="sleep">
870 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
871 <listitem>
872 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
873 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
874 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
875 </indexterm>
876 </listitem>
877 </varlistentry>
878
879 <varlistentry id="sort">
880 <term><command>sort</command></term>
881 <listitem>
882 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
883 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
884 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
885 </indexterm>
886 </listitem>
887 </varlistentry>
888
889 <varlistentry id="split">
890 <term><command>split</command></term>
891 <listitem>
892 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
893 lines</para>
894 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
895 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
896 </indexterm>
897 </listitem>
898 </varlistentry>
899
900 <varlistentry id="stat">
901 <term><command>stat</command></term>
902 <listitem>
903 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
904 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
905 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
906 </indexterm>
907 </listitem>
908 </varlistentry>
909
910 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
911 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
912 <listitem>
913 <para>Runs a command with modified buffering operations for its
914 standard streams</para>
915 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
916 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
917 </indexterm>
918 </listitem>
919 </varlistentry>
920
921 <varlistentry id="stty">
922 <term><command>stty</command></term>
923 <listitem>
924 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
925 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
926 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
927 </indexterm>
928 </listitem>
929 </varlistentry>
930
931 <varlistentry id="sum">
932 <term><command>sum</command></term>
933 <listitem>
934 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
935 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
936 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
937 </indexterm>
938 </listitem>
939 </varlistentry>
940
941 <varlistentry id="sync">
942 <term><command>sync</command></term>
943 <listitem>
944 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
945 and updates the super block</para>
946 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
947 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
948 </indexterm>
949 </listitem>
950 </varlistentry>
951
952 <varlistentry id="tac">
953 <term><command>tac</command></term>
954 <listitem>
955 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
956 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
957 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
958 </indexterm>
959 </listitem>
960 </varlistentry>
961
962 <varlistentry id="tail">
963 <term><command>tail</command></term>
964 <listitem>
965 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
966 given file</para>
967 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
968 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
969 </indexterm>
970 </listitem>
971 </varlistentry>
972
973 <varlistentry id="tee">
974 <term><command>tee</command></term>
975 <listitem>
976 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
977 and to the given files</para>
978 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
979 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
980 </indexterm>
981 </listitem>
982 </varlistentry>
983
984 <varlistentry id="test">
985 <term><command>test</command> or <command>[</command></term>
986 <listitem>
987 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
988 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
989 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
990 </indexterm>
991 </listitem>
992 </varlistentry>
993
994 <varlistentry id="timeout">
995 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
996 <listitem>
997 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
998 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
999 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1000 </indexterm>
1001 </listitem>
1002 </varlistentry>
1003
1004 <varlistentry id="touch">
1005 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1006 <listitem>
1007 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1008 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1009 are created with zero length</para>
1010 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1011 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1012 </indexterm>
1013 </listitem>
1014 </varlistentry>
1015
1016 <varlistentry id="tr">
1017 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1018 <listitem>
1019 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1020 standard input</para>
1021 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1022 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1023 </indexterm>
1024 </listitem>
1025 </varlistentry>
1026
1027 <varlistentry id="true">
1028 <term><command>true</command></term>
1029 <listitem>
1030 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1031 indicating success</para>
1032 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1033 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1034 </indexterm>
1035 </listitem>
1036 </varlistentry>
1037
1038 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1039 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1040 <listitem>
1041 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1042 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1043 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1044 </indexterm>
1045 </listitem>
1046 </varlistentry>
1047
1048 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1049 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1050 <listitem>
1051 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1052 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1053 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1054 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1055 </indexterm>
1056 </listitem>
1057 </varlistentry>
1058
1059 <varlistentry id="tty">
1060 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1061 <listitem>
1062 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1063 input</para>
1064 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1065 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1066 </indexterm>
1067 </listitem>
1068 </varlistentry>
1069
1070 <varlistentry id="uname">
1071 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1072 <listitem>
1073 <para>Reports system information</para>
1074 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1075 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1076 </indexterm>
1077 </listitem>
1078 </varlistentry>
1079
1080 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1081 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1082 <listitem>
1083 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1084 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1085 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1086 </indexterm>
1087 </listitem>
1088 </varlistentry>
1089
1090 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1091 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1092 <listitem>
1093 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1094 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1095 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1096 </indexterm>
1097 </listitem>
1098 </varlistentry>
1099
1100 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1101 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1102 <listitem>
1103 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1104 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1105 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1106 </indexterm>
1107 </listitem>
1108 </varlistentry>
1109
1110 <varlistentry id="users">
1111 <term><command>users</command></term>
1112 <listitem>
1113 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1114 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1115 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1116 </indexterm>
1117 </listitem>
1118 </varlistentry>
1119
1120 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1121 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1122 <listitem>
1123 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1124 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1125 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1126 </indexterm>
1127 </listitem>
1128 </varlistentry>
1129
1130 <varlistentry id="wc">
1131 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1132 <listitem>
1133 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1134 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1135 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1136 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1137 </indexterm>
1138 </listitem>
1139 </varlistentry>
1140
1141 <varlistentry id="who">
1142 <term><command>who</command></term>
1143 <listitem>
1144 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1145 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1146 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1147 </indexterm>
1148 </listitem>
1149 </varlistentry>
1150
1151 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1152 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1153 <listitem>
1154 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1155 user ID</para>
1156 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1157 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1158 </indexterm>
1159 </listitem>
1160 </varlistentry>
1161
1162 <varlistentry id="yes">
1163 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1164 <listitem>
1165 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1166 killed</para>
1167 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1168 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1169 </indexterm>
1170 </listitem>
1171 </varlistentry>
1172
1173 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
1174 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term>
1175 <listitem>
1176 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1177 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
1178 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary>
1179 </indexterm>
1180 </listitem>
1181 </varlistentry>
1182
1183 </variablelist>
1184
1185 </sect2>
1186
1187</sect1>
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