source: BOOK/final-system/common/coreutils.xml@ 19717ad

clfs-1.2 clfs-2.1 clfs-3.0.0-systemd clfs-3.0.0-sysvinit systemd sysvinit
Last change on this file since 19717ad was e94048f, checked in by Chris Staub <chris@…>, 18 years ago

Changed coreutils instructions to better differentiate between FHS requirements and CLFS needs
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 35.1 KB
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
14 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
15 </indexterm>
16
17 <sect2 role="package">
18 <title/>
19
20 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
21 basic system characteristics.</para>
22
23 </sect2>
24
25 <sect2 role="installation">
26 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
27
28 <para os="a">Prevent Coreutils from installing binaries that will be
29 installed by other packages:</para>
30
31<screen os="b"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-suppress-patch;</userinput></screen>
32
33 <para os="c">Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
34
35<screen os="d"><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput></screen>
36
37 <para os="e">Compile the package:</para>
38
39<screen os="f"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
40
41 <para os="g">The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the
42 presence of system users and groups that are not valid within the minimal
43 environment that exists at the moment. Therefore, additional items need
44 to be set up before running the tests. Skip down to <quote>Install the
45 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
46
47 <para os="h">Create two <systemitem class="groupname">dummy</systemitem> groups
48 and a <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
49
50<screen os="i"><userinput>echo "dummy1:x:1000:" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
51echo "dummy2:x:1001:dummy" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
52echo "dummy:x:1000:1000::/root:/bin/bash" &gt;&gt; /etc/passwd</userinput></screen>
53
54 <para os="j">Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run
55 the tests that are meant to be run as user
56 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
57
58<screen os="k"><userinput>make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=dummy check-root</userinput></screen>
59
60 <para os="l">Then run the remainder of the tests as the
61 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
62
63<screen os="m"><userinput>src/su dummy -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
64
65 <para os="n">When testing is complete, remove the
66 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user and groups:</para>
67
68<screen os="o"><userinput>sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/passwd /etc/group</userinput></screen>
69
70 <para os="p">Install the package:</para>
71
72<screen os="q"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
73
74 <para os="r">Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
75
76<screen os="s"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date} /bin
77mv -v /usr/bin/{dd,df,echo,false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod} /bin
78mv -v /usr/bin/{mv,pwd,rm,rmdir,stty,true,uname} /bin
79mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
80
81 <para os="t">Other Coreutils programs are used by some of the scripts
82 in the CLFS-Bootscripts package. As <filename
83 class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the early
84 stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition:</para>
85
86<screen os="u"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{[,basename,head,install,nice} /bin
87mv -v /usr/bin/{readlink,sleep,sync,test,touch} /bin
88ln -svf ../../bin/install /usr/bin</userinput></screen>
89
90 </sect2>
91
92 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
93 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
94
95 <segmentedlist>
96 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
97
98 <seglistitem>
99 <seg>[, basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
100 comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du,
101 echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head,
102 hostid, hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum,
103 mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk, pinky,
104 pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq, sha1sum,
105 shred, sleep, sort, split, stat, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee,
106 test, touch, tr, true, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink,
107 users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
108 </seglistitem>
109 </segmentedlist>
110
111 <variablelist>
112 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
113 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
114 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
115
116 <varlistentry id="basename">
117 <term><command>basename</command></term>
118 <listitem>
119 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
120 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
121 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
122 </indexterm>
123 </listitem>
124 </varlistentry>
125
126 <varlistentry id="cat">
127 <term><command>cat</command></term>
128 <listitem>
129 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
130 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
131 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
132 </indexterm>
133 </listitem>
134 </varlistentry>
135
136 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
137 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
138 <listitem>
139 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
140 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
141 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
142 </indexterm>
143 </listitem>
144 </varlistentry>
145
146 <varlistentry id="chmod">
147 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
148 <listitem>
149 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
150 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
151 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
152 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
153 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
154 </indexterm>
155 </listitem>
156 </varlistentry>
157
158 <varlistentry id="chown">
159 <term><command>chown</command></term>
160 <listitem>
161 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
162 directories</para>
163 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
164 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
165 </indexterm>
166 </listitem>
167 </varlistentry>
168
169 <varlistentry id="chroot">
170 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
171 <listitem>
172 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
173 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
174 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
175 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
176 </indexterm>
177 </listitem>
178 </varlistentry>
179
180 <varlistentry id="cksum">
181 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
182 <listitem>
183 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
184 counts of each specified file</para>
185 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
186 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
187 </indexterm>
188 </listitem>
189 </varlistentry>
190
191 <varlistentry id="comm">
192 <term><command>comm</command></term>
193 <listitem>
194 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
195 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
196 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
197 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
198 </indexterm>
199 </listitem>
200 </varlistentry>
201
202 <varlistentry id="cp">
203 <term><command>cp</command></term>
204 <listitem>
205 <para>Copies files</para>
206 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
207 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
208 </indexterm>
209 </listitem>
210 </varlistentry>
211
212 <varlistentry id="csplit">
213 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
214 <listitem>
215 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
216 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
217 count of each new file</para>
218 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
219 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
220 </indexterm>
221 </listitem>
222 </varlistentry>
223
224 <varlistentry id="cut">
225 <term><command>cut</command></term>
226 <listitem>
227 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
228 fields or positions</para>
229 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
230 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
231 </indexterm>
232 </listitem>
233 </varlistentry>
234
235 <varlistentry id="date">
236 <term><command>date</command></term>
237 <listitem>
238 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
239 system date</para>
240 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
241 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
242 </indexterm>
243 </listitem>
244 </varlistentry>
245
246 <varlistentry id="dd">
247 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
248 <listitem>
249 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
250 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
251 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
252 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
253 </indexterm>
254 </listitem>
255 </varlistentry>
256
257 <varlistentry id="df">
258 <term><command>df</command></term>
259 <listitem>
260 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
261 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
262 files</para>
263 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
264 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
265 </indexterm>
266 </listitem>
267 </varlistentry>
268
269 <varlistentry id="dir">
270 <term><command>dir</command></term>
271 <listitem>
272 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
273 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
274 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
275 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
276 </indexterm>
277 </listitem>
278 </varlistentry>
279
280 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
281 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
282 <listitem>
283 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
284 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
285 <command>ls</command></para>
286 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
287 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
288 </indexterm>
289 </listitem>
290 </varlistentry>
291
292 <varlistentry id="dirname">
293 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
294 <listitem>
295 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
296 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
297 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
298 </indexterm>
299 </listitem>
300 </varlistentry>
301
302 <varlistentry id="du">
303 <term><command>du</command></term>
304 <listitem>
305 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
306 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
307 each of the given files</para>
308 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
309 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
310 </indexterm>
311 </listitem>
312 </varlistentry>
313
314 <varlistentry id="echo">
315 <term><command>echo</command></term>
316 <listitem>
317 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
318 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
319 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
320 </indexterm>
321 </listitem>
322 </varlistentry>
323
324 <varlistentry id="env">
325 <term><command>env</command></term>
326 <listitem>
327 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
328 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
329 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
330 </indexterm>
331 </listitem>
332 </varlistentry>
333
334 <varlistentry id="expand">
335 <term><command>expand</command></term>
336 <listitem>
337 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
338 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
339 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
340 </indexterm>
341 </listitem>
342 </varlistentry>
343
344 <varlistentry id="expr">
345 <term><command>expr</command></term>
346 <listitem>
347 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
348 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
349 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
350 </indexterm>
351 </listitem>
352 </varlistentry>
353
354 <varlistentry id="factor">
355 <term><command>factor</command></term>
356 <listitem>
357 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
358 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
359 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
360 </indexterm>
361 </listitem>
362 </varlistentry>
363
364 <varlistentry id="false">
365 <term><command>false</command></term>
366 <listitem>
367 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
368 indicating failure</para>
369 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
370 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
371 </indexterm>
372 </listitem>
373 </varlistentry>
374
375 <varlistentry id="fmt">
376 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
377 <listitem>
378 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
379 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
380 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
381 </indexterm>
382 </listitem>
383 </varlistentry>
384
385 <varlistentry id="fold">
386 <term><command>fold</command></term>
387 <listitem>
388 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
389 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
390 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
391 </indexterm>
392 </listitem>
393 </varlistentry>
394
395 <varlistentry id="groups">
396 <term><command>groups</command></term>
397 <listitem>
398 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
399 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
400 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
401 </indexterm>
402 </listitem>
403 </varlistentry>
404
405 <varlistentry id="head">
406 <term><command>head</command></term>
407 <listitem>
408 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
409 of each given file</para>
410 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
411 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
412 </indexterm>
413 </listitem>
414 </varlistentry>
415
416 <varlistentry id="hostid">
417 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
418 <listitem>
419 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
420 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
421 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
422 </indexterm>
423 </listitem>
424 </varlistentry>
425
426 <varlistentry id="hostname">
427 <term><command>hostname</command></term>
428 <listitem>
429 <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
430 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
431 <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
432 </indexterm>
433 </listitem>
434 </varlistentry>
435
436 <varlistentry id="id">
437 <term><command>id</command></term>
438 <listitem>
439 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
440 of the current user or specified user</para>
441 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
442 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
443 </indexterm>
444 </listitem>
445 </varlistentry>
446
447 <varlistentry id="install">
448 <term><command>install</command> </term>
449 <listitem>
450 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
451 possible, their owner and group</para>
452 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
453 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
454 </indexterm>
455 </listitem>
456 </varlistentry>
457
458 <varlistentry id="join">
459 <term><command>join</command></term>
460 <listitem>
461 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
462 separate files</para>
463 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
464 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
465 </indexterm>
466 </listitem>
467 </varlistentry>
468
469 <varlistentry id="link">
470 <term><command>link</command></term>
471 <listitem>
472 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
473 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
474 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
475 </indexterm>
476 </listitem>
477 </varlistentry>
478
479 <varlistentry id="ln">
480 <term><command>ln</command></term>
481 <listitem>
482 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
483 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
484 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
485 </indexterm>
486 </listitem>
487 </varlistentry>
488
489 <varlistentry id="logname">
490 <term><command>logname</command></term>
491 <listitem>
492 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
493 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
494 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
495 </indexterm>
496 </listitem>
497 </varlistentry>
498
499 <varlistentry id="ls">
500 <term><command>ls</command></term>
501 <listitem>
502 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
503 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
504 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
505 </indexterm>
506 </listitem>
507 </varlistentry>
508
509 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
510 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
511 <listitem>
512 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
513 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
514 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
515 </indexterm>
516 </listitem>
517 </varlistentry>
518
519 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
520 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
521 <listitem>
522 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
523 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
524 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
525 </indexterm>
526 </listitem>
527 </varlistentry>
528
529 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
530 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
531 <listitem>
532 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
533 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
534 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
535 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
536 </indexterm>
537 </listitem>
538 </varlistentry>
539
540 <varlistentry id="mknod">
541 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
542 <listitem>
543 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
544 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
545 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
546 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
547 </indexterm>
548 </listitem>
549 </varlistentry>
550
551 <varlistentry id="mv">
552 <term><command>mv</command></term>
553 <listitem>
554 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
555 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
556 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
557 </indexterm>
558 </listitem>
559 </varlistentry>
560
561 <varlistentry id="nice">
562 <term><command>nice</command></term>
563 <listitem>
564 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
565 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
566 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
567 </indexterm>
568 </listitem>
569 </varlistentry>
570
571 <varlistentry id="nl">
572 <term><command>nl</command></term>
573 <listitem>
574 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
575 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
576 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
577 </indexterm>
578 </listitem>
579 </varlistentry>
580
581 <varlistentry id="nohup">
582 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
583 <listitem>
584 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
585 a log file</para>
586 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
587 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
588 </indexterm>
589 </listitem>
590 </varlistentry>
591
592 <varlistentry id="od">
593 <term><command>od</command></term>
594 <listitem>
595 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
596 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
597 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
598 </indexterm>
599 </listitem>
600 </varlistentry>
601
602 <varlistentry id="paste">
603 <term><command>paste</command></term>
604 <listitem>
605 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
606 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
607 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
608 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
609 </indexterm>
610 </listitem>
611 </varlistentry>
612
613 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
614 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
615 <listitem>
616 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
617 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
618 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
619 </indexterm>
620 </listitem>
621 </varlistentry>
622
623 <varlistentry id="pinky">
624 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
625 <listitem>
626 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
627 about the given users</para>
628 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
629 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
630 </indexterm>
631 </listitem>
632 </varlistentry>
633
634 <varlistentry id="pr">
635 <term><command>pr</command></term>
636 <listitem>
637 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
638 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
639 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
640 </indexterm>
641 </listitem>
642 </varlistentry>
643
644 <varlistentry id="printenv">
645 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
646 <listitem>
647 <para>Prints the environment</para>
648 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
649 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
650 </indexterm>
651 </listitem>
652 </varlistentry>
653
654 <varlistentry id="printf">
655 <term><command>printf</command></term>
656 <listitem>
657 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
658 like the C printf function</para>
659 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
660 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
661 </indexterm>
662 </listitem>
663 </varlistentry>
664
665 <varlistentry id="ptx">
666 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
667 <listitem>
668 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
669 with each keyword in its context</para>
670 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
671 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
672 </indexterm>
673 </listitem>
674 </varlistentry>
675
676 <varlistentry id="pwd">
677 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
678 <listitem>
679 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
680 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
681 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
682 </indexterm>
683 </listitem>
684 </varlistentry>
685
686 <varlistentry id="readlink">
687 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
688 <listitem>
689 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
690 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
691 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
692 </indexterm>
693 </listitem>
694 </varlistentry>
695
696 <varlistentry id="rm">
697 <term><command>rm</command></term>
698 <listitem>
699 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
700 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
701 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
702 </indexterm>
703 </listitem>
704 </varlistentry>
705
706 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
707 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
708 <listitem>
709 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
710 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
711 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
712 </indexterm>
713 </listitem>
714 </varlistentry>
715
716 <varlistentry id="seq">
717 <term><command>seq</command></term>
718 <listitem>
719 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
720 given increment</para>
721 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
722 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
723 </indexterm>
724 </listitem>
725 </varlistentry>
726
727 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
728 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
729 <listitem>
730 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
731 checksums</para>
732 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
733 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
734 </indexterm>
735 </listitem>
736 </varlistentry>
737
738 <varlistentry id="shred">
739 <term><command>shred</command></term>
740 <listitem>
741 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
742 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
743 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
744 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
745 </indexterm>
746 </listitem>
747 </varlistentry>
748
749 <varlistentry id="sleep">
750 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
751 <listitem>
752 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
753 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
754 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
755 </indexterm>
756 </listitem>
757 </varlistentry>
758
759 <varlistentry id="sort">
760 <term><command>sort</command></term>
761 <listitem>
762 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
763 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
764 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
765 </indexterm>
766 </listitem>
767 </varlistentry>
768
769 <varlistentry id="split">
770 <term><command>split</command></term>
771 <listitem>
772 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
773 lines</para>
774 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
775 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
776 </indexterm>
777 </listitem>
778 </varlistentry>
779
780 <varlistentry id="stat">
781 <term><command>stat</command></term>
782 <listitem>
783 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
784 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
785 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
786 </indexterm>
787 </listitem>
788 </varlistentry>
789
790 <varlistentry id="stty">
791 <term><command>stty</command></term>
792 <listitem>
793 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
794 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
795 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
796 </indexterm>
797 </listitem>
798 </varlistentry>
799
800 <varlistentry id="sum">
801 <term><command>sum</command></term>
802 <listitem>
803 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
804 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
805 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
806 </indexterm>
807 </listitem>
808 </varlistentry>
809
810 <varlistentry id="sync">
811 <term><command>sync</command></term>
812 <listitem>
813 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
814 and updates the super block</para>
815 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
816 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
817 </indexterm>
818 </listitem>
819 </varlistentry>
820
821 <varlistentry id="tac">
822 <term><command>tac</command></term>
823 <listitem>
824 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
825 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
826 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
827 </indexterm>
828 </listitem>
829 </varlistentry>
830
831 <varlistentry id="tail">
832 <term><command>tail</command></term>
833 <listitem>
834 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
835 given file</para>
836 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
837 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
838 </indexterm>
839 </listitem>
840 </varlistentry>
841
842 <varlistentry id="tee">
843 <term><command>tee</command></term>
844 <listitem>
845 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
846 and to the given files</para>
847 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
848 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
849 </indexterm>
850 </listitem>
851 </varlistentry>
852
853 <varlistentry id="test">
854 <term><command>test</command> or <command>[</command></term>
855 <listitem>
856 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
857 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
858 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
859 </indexterm>
860 </listitem>
861 </varlistentry>
862
863 <varlistentry id="touch">
864 <term><command>touch</command></term>
865 <listitem>
866 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
867 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
868 are created with zero length</para>
869 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
870 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
871 </indexterm>
872 </listitem>
873 </varlistentry>
874
875 <varlistentry id="tr">
876 <term><command>tr</command></term>
877 <listitem>
878 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
879 standard input</para>
880 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
881 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
882 </indexterm>
883 </listitem>
884 </varlistentry>
885
886 <varlistentry id="true">
887 <term><command>true</command></term>
888 <listitem>
889 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
890 indicating success</para>
891 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
892 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
893 </indexterm>
894 </listitem>
895 </varlistentry>
896
897 <varlistentry id="tsort">
898 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
899 <listitem>
900 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
901 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
902 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
903 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
904 </indexterm>
905 </listitem>
906 </varlistentry>
907
908 <varlistentry id="tty">
909 <term><command>tty</command></term>
910 <listitem>
911 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
912 input</para>
913 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
914 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
915 </indexterm>
916 </listitem>
917 </varlistentry>
918
919 <varlistentry id="uname">
920 <term><command>uname</command></term>
921 <listitem>
922 <para>Reports system information</para>
923 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
924 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
925 </indexterm>
926 </listitem>
927 </varlistentry>
928
929 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
930 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
931 <listitem>
932 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
933 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
934 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
935 </indexterm>
936 </listitem>
937 </varlistentry>
938
939 <varlistentry id="uniq">
940 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
941 <listitem>
942 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
943 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
944 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
945 </indexterm>
946 </listitem>
947 </varlistentry>
948
949 <varlistentry id="unlink">
950 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
951 <listitem>
952 <para>Removes the given file</para>
953 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
954 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
955 </indexterm>
956 </listitem>
957 </varlistentry>
958
959 <varlistentry id="users">
960 <term><command>users</command></term>
961 <listitem>
962 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
963 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
964 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
965 </indexterm>
966 </listitem>
967 </varlistentry>
968
969 <varlistentry id="vdir">
970 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
971 <listitem>
972 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
973 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
974 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
975 </indexterm>
976 </listitem>
977 </varlistentry>
978
979 <varlistentry id="wc">
980 <term><command>wc</command></term>
981 <listitem>
982 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
983 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
984 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
985 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
986 </indexterm>
987 </listitem>
988 </varlistentry>
989
990 <varlistentry id="who">
991 <term><command>who</command></term>
992 <listitem>
993 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
994 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
995 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
996 </indexterm>
997 </listitem>
998 </varlistentry>
999
1000 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1001 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1002 <listitem>
1003 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1004 user ID</para>
1005 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1006 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1007 </indexterm>
1008 </listitem>
1009 </varlistentry>
1010
1011 <varlistentry id="yes">
1012 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1013 <listitem>
1014 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1015 killed</para>
1016 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1017 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1018 </indexterm>
1019 </listitem>
1020 </varlistentry>
1021
1022 </variablelist>
1023
1024 </sect2>
1025
1026</sect1>
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