source: BOOK/final-system/common/coreutils.xml@ d316e1e

clfs-1.2 clfs-2.1 clfs-3.0.0-systemd clfs-3.0.0-sysvinit systemd sysvinit
Last change on this file since d316e1e was 5e6f8f2, checked in by Chris Staub <chris@…>, 15 years ago

Fixed permissions problem in Coreutils testsuite
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 39.5 KB
Line 
1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
14 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
15 </indexterm>
16
17 <sect2 role="package">
18 <title/>
19
20 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
21 basic system characteristics.</para>
22
23 </sect2>
24
25 <sect2 role="installation">
26 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
27
28 <para os="p1">A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
29 this package is that the <option>-p</option> switch always
30 returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
31 fixes this behavior for all architectures:</para>
32
33<screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
34
35 <para os="c">Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
36
37<screen os="d"><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr \
38 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime \
39 --enable-install-program=hostname</userinput></screen>
40
41 <para os="e">Compile the package:</para>
42
43<screen os="f"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
44
45 <para os="g">The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the
46 presence of system users and groups that are not valid within the minimal
47 environment that exists at the moment. Therefore, additional items need
48 to be set up before running the tests. Skip down to <quote>Install the
49 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
50
51 <para os="h">Create two <systemitem class="groupname">dummy</systemitem> groups
52 and a <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
53
54<screen os="i"><userinput>echo "dummy1:x:1000:" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
55echo "dummy2:x:1001:dummy" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
56echo "dummy:x:1000:1000::/root:/bin/bash" &gt;&gt; /etc/passwd</userinput></screen>
57
58 <para os="j">Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run
59 the tests that are meant to be run as user
60 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
61
62<screen os="k"><userinput>make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=dummy check-root</userinput></screen>
63
64 <para os="l">The testsuite will now be run as the
65 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user. Fix the permissions
66 for a few files to allow this:</para>
67
68<screen os="m"><userinput>chown -Rv dummy config.log {gnulib-tests,lib,src}/.deps</userinput></screen>
69
70 <para os="n">Then run the remainder of the tests as the
71 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
72
73<screen os="o"><userinput>src/su dummy -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
74
75 <para os="p">When testing is complete, remove the
76 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user and groups:</para>
77
78<screen os="q"><userinput>sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/passwd /etc/group</userinput></screen>
79
80 <para os="r">Install the package:</para>
81
82<screen os="s"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
83
84 <para os="t">Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
85
86<screen os="u"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date} /bin
87mv -v /usr/bin/{dd,df,echo,false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod} /bin
88mv -v /usr/bin/{mv,pwd,rm,rmdir,stty,true,uname} /bin
89mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
90
91 <para os="v">Other Coreutils programs are used by some of the scripts
92 in the CLFS-Bootscripts package. As <filename
93 class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the early
94 stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition:</para>
95
96<screen os="w"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{[,basename,head,install,nice} /bin
97mv -v /usr/bin/{readlink,sleep,sync,test,touch} /bin
98ln -svf ../../bin/install /usr/bin</userinput></screen>
99
100 </sect2>
101
102 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
103 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
104
105 <segmentedlist>
106 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
107
108 <seglistitem>
109 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot,
110 cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du,
111 echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head,
112 hostid, hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum,
113 mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk,
114 pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq,
115 sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf,
116 sleep, sort, split, stat, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test,
117 timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq,
118 unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
119 </seglistitem>
120 </segmentedlist>
121
122 <variablelist>
123 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
124 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
125 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
126
127 <varlistentry id="base64">
128 <term><command>base64</command></term>
129 <listitem>
130 <para>Base64 encode/decode data and print to standard output</para>
131 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
132 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
133 </indexterm>
134 </listitem>
135 </varlistentry>
136
137 <varlistentry id="basename">
138 <term><command>basename</command></term>
139 <listitem>
140 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
141 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
142 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
143 </indexterm>
144 </listitem>
145 </varlistentry>
146
147 <varlistentry id="cat">
148 <term><command>cat</command></term>
149 <listitem>
150 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
151 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
152 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
153 </indexterm>
154 </listitem>
155 </varlistentry>
156
157 <varlistentry id="chcon">
158 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
159 <listitem>
160 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
161 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
162 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
163 </indexterm>
164 </listitem>
165 </varlistentry>
166
167 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
168 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
169 <listitem>
170 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
171 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
172 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
173 </indexterm>
174 </listitem>
175 </varlistentry>
176
177 <varlistentry id="chmod">
178 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
179 <listitem>
180 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
181 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
182 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
183 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
184 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
185 </indexterm>
186 </listitem>
187 </varlistentry>
188
189 <varlistentry id="chown">
190 <term><command>chown</command></term>
191 <listitem>
192 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
193 directories</para>
194 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
195 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
196 </indexterm>
197 </listitem>
198 </varlistentry>
199
200 <varlistentry id="chroot">
201 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
202 <listitem>
203 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
204 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
205 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
206 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
207 </indexterm>
208 </listitem>
209 </varlistentry>
210
211 <varlistentry id="cksum">
212 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
213 <listitem>
214 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
215 counts of each specified file</para>
216 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
217 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
218 </indexterm>
219 </listitem>
220 </varlistentry>
221
222 <varlistentry id="comm">
223 <term><command>comm</command></term>
224 <listitem>
225 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
226 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
227 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
228 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
229 </indexterm>
230 </listitem>
231 </varlistentry>
232
233 <varlistentry id="cp">
234 <term><command>cp</command></term>
235 <listitem>
236 <para>Copies files</para>
237 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
238 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
239 </indexterm>
240 </listitem>
241 </varlistentry>
242
243 <varlistentry id="csplit">
244 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
245 <listitem>
246 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
247 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
248 count of each new file</para>
249 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
250 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
251 </indexterm>
252 </listitem>
253 </varlistentry>
254
255 <varlistentry id="cut">
256 <term><command>cut</command></term>
257 <listitem>
258 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
259 fields or positions</para>
260 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
261 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
262 </indexterm>
263 </listitem>
264 </varlistentry>
265
266 <varlistentry id="date">
267 <term><command>date</command></term>
268 <listitem>
269 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
270 system date</para>
271 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
272 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
273 </indexterm>
274 </listitem>
275 </varlistentry>
276
277 <varlistentry id="dd">
278 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
279 <listitem>
280 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
281 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
282 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
283 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
284 </indexterm>
285 </listitem>
286 </varlistentry>
287
288 <varlistentry id="df">
289 <term><command>df</command></term>
290 <listitem>
291 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
292 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
293 files</para>
294 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
295 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
296 </indexterm>
297 </listitem>
298 </varlistentry>
299
300 <varlistentry id="dir">
301 <term><command>dir</command></term>
302 <listitem>
303 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
304 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
305 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
306 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
307 </indexterm>
308 </listitem>
309 </varlistentry>
310
311 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
312 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
313 <listitem>
314 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
315 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
316 <command>ls</command></para>
317 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
318 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
319 </indexterm>
320 </listitem>
321 </varlistentry>
322
323 <varlistentry id="dirname">
324 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
325 <listitem>
326 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
327 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
328 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
329 </indexterm>
330 </listitem>
331 </varlistentry>
332
333 <varlistentry id="du">
334 <term><command>du</command></term>
335 <listitem>
336 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
337 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
338 each of the given files</para>
339 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
340 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
341 </indexterm>
342 </listitem>
343 </varlistentry>
344
345 <varlistentry id="echo">
346 <term><command>echo</command></term>
347 <listitem>
348 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
349 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
350 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
351 </indexterm>
352 </listitem>
353 </varlistentry>
354
355 <varlistentry id="env">
356 <term><command>env</command></term>
357 <listitem>
358 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
359 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
360 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
361 </indexterm>
362 </listitem>
363 </varlistentry>
364
365 <varlistentry id="expand">
366 <term><command>expand</command></term>
367 <listitem>
368 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
369 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
370 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
371 </indexterm>
372 </listitem>
373 </varlistentry>
374
375 <varlistentry id="expr">
376 <term><command>expr</command></term>
377 <listitem>
378 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
379 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
380 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
381 </indexterm>
382 </listitem>
383 </varlistentry>
384
385 <varlistentry id="factor">
386 <term><command>factor</command></term>
387 <listitem>
388 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
389 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
390 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
391 </indexterm>
392 </listitem>
393 </varlistentry>
394
395 <varlistentry id="false">
396 <term><command>false</command></term>
397 <listitem>
398 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
399 indicating failure</para>
400 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
401 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
402 </indexterm>
403 </listitem>
404 </varlistentry>
405
406 <varlistentry id="fmt">
407 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
408 <listitem>
409 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
410 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
411 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
412 </indexterm>
413 </listitem>
414 </varlistentry>
415
416 <varlistentry id="fold">
417 <term><command>fold</command></term>
418 <listitem>
419 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
420 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
421 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
422 </indexterm>
423 </listitem>
424 </varlistentry>
425
426 <varlistentry id="groups">
427 <term><command>groups</command></term>
428 <listitem>
429 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
430 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
431 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
432 </indexterm>
433 </listitem>
434 </varlistentry>
435
436 <varlistentry id="head">
437 <term><command>head</command></term>
438 <listitem>
439 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
440 of each given file</para>
441 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
442 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
443 </indexterm>
444 </listitem>
445 </varlistentry>
446
447 <varlistentry id="hostid">
448 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
449 <listitem>
450 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
451 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
452 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
453 </indexterm>
454 </listitem>
455 </varlistentry>
456
457 <varlistentry id="hostname">
458 <term><command>hostname</command></term>
459 <listitem>
460 <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
461 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
462 <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
463 </indexterm>
464 </listitem>
465 </varlistentry>
466
467 <varlistentry id="id">
468 <term><command>id</command></term>
469 <listitem>
470 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
471 of the current user or specified user</para>
472 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
473 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
474 </indexterm>
475 </listitem>
476 </varlistentry>
477
478 <varlistentry id="install">
479 <term><command>install</command> </term>
480 <listitem>
481 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
482 possible, their owner and group</para>
483 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
484 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
485 </indexterm>
486 </listitem>
487 </varlistentry>
488
489 <varlistentry id="join">
490 <term><command>join</command></term>
491 <listitem>
492 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
493 separate files</para>
494 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
495 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
496 </indexterm>
497 </listitem>
498 </varlistentry>
499
500 <varlistentry id="link">
501 <term><command>link</command></term>
502 <listitem>
503 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
504 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
505 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
506 </indexterm>
507 </listitem>
508 </varlistentry>
509
510 <varlistentry id="ln">
511 <term><command>ln</command></term>
512 <listitem>
513 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
514 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
515 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
516 </indexterm>
517 </listitem>
518 </varlistentry>
519
520 <varlistentry id="logname">
521 <term><command>logname</command></term>
522 <listitem>
523 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
524 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
525 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
526 </indexterm>
527 </listitem>
528 </varlistentry>
529
530 <varlistentry id="ls">
531 <term><command>ls</command></term>
532 <listitem>
533 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
534 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
535 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
536 </indexterm>
537 </listitem>
538 </varlistentry>
539
540 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
541 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
542 <listitem>
543 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
544 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
545 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
546 </indexterm>
547 </listitem>
548 </varlistentry>
549
550 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
551 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
552 <listitem>
553 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
554 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
555 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
556 </indexterm>
557 </listitem>
558 </varlistentry>
559
560 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
561 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
562 <listitem>
563 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
564 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
565 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
566 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
567 </indexterm>
568 </listitem>
569 </varlistentry>
570
571 <varlistentry id="mknod">
572 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
573 <listitem>
574 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
575 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
576 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
577 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
578 </indexterm>
579 </listitem>
580 </varlistentry>
581
582 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
583 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
584 <listitem>
585 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in
586 scripts</para>
587 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
588 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
589 </indexterm>
590 </listitem>
591 </varlistentry>
592
593 <varlistentry id="mv">
594 <term><command>mv</command></term>
595 <listitem>
596 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
597 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
598 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
599 </indexterm>
600 </listitem>
601 </varlistentry>
602
603 <varlistentry id="nice">
604 <term><command>nice</command></term>
605 <listitem>
606 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
607 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
608 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
609 </indexterm>
610 </listitem>
611 </varlistentry>
612
613 <varlistentry id="nl">
614 <term><command>nl</command></term>
615 <listitem>
616 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
617 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
618 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
619 </indexterm>
620 </listitem>
621 </varlistentry>
622
623 <varlistentry id="nohup">
624 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
625 <listitem>
626 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
627 a log file</para>
628 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
629 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
630 </indexterm>
631 </listitem>
632 </varlistentry>
633
634 <varlistentry id="od">
635 <term><command>od</command></term>
636 <listitem>
637 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
638 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
639 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
640 </indexterm>
641 </listitem>
642 </varlistentry>
643
644 <varlistentry id="paste">
645 <term><command>paste</command></term>
646 <listitem>
647 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
648 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
649 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
650 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
651 </indexterm>
652 </listitem>
653 </varlistentry>
654
655 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
656 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
657 <listitem>
658 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
659 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
660 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
661 </indexterm>
662 </listitem>
663 </varlistentry>
664
665 <varlistentry id="pinky">
666 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
667 <listitem>
668 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
669 about the given users</para>
670 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
671 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
672 </indexterm>
673 </listitem>
674 </varlistentry>
675
676 <varlistentry id="pr">
677 <term><command>pr</command></term>
678 <listitem>
679 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
680 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
681 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
682 </indexterm>
683 </listitem>
684 </varlistentry>
685
686 <varlistentry id="printenv">
687 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
688 <listitem>
689 <para>Prints the environment</para>
690 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
691 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
692 </indexterm>
693 </listitem>
694 </varlistentry>
695
696 <varlistentry id="printf">
697 <term><command>printf</command></term>
698 <listitem>
699 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
700 like the C printf function</para>
701 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
702 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
703 </indexterm>
704 </listitem>
705 </varlistentry>
706
707 <varlistentry id="ptx">
708 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
709 <listitem>
710 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
711 with each keyword in its context</para>
712 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
713 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
714 </indexterm>
715 </listitem>
716 </varlistentry>
717
718 <varlistentry id="pwd">
719 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
720 <listitem>
721 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
722 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
723 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
724 </indexterm>
725 </listitem>
726 </varlistentry>
727
728 <varlistentry id="readlink">
729 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
730 <listitem>
731 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
732 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
733 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
734 </indexterm>
735 </listitem>
736 </varlistentry>
737
738 <varlistentry id="rm">
739 <term><command>rm</command></term>
740 <listitem>
741 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
742 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
743 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
744 </indexterm>
745 </listitem>
746 </varlistentry>
747
748 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
749 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
750 <listitem>
751 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
752 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
753 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
754 </indexterm>
755 </listitem>
756 </varlistentry>
757
758 <varlistentry id="runcon">
759 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
760 <listitem>
761 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
762 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
763 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
764 </indexterm>
765 </listitem>
766 </varlistentry>
767
768 <varlistentry id="seq">
769 <term><command>seq</command></term>
770 <listitem>
771 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
772 given increment</para>
773 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
774 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
775 </indexterm>
776 </listitem>
777 </varlistentry>
778
779 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
780 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
781 <listitem>
782 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
783 checksums</para>
784 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
785 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
786 </indexterm>
787 </listitem>
788 </varlistentry>
789
790 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
791 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
792 <listitem>
793 <para>Prints or checks SHA224 checksums</para>
794 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
795 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
796 </indexterm>
797 </listitem>
798 </varlistentry>
799
800 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
801 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
802 <listitem>
803 <para>Prints or checks SHA256 checksums</para>
804 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
805 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
806 </indexterm>
807 </listitem>
808 </varlistentry>
809
810 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
811 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
812 <listitem>
813 <para>Prints or checks SHA384 checksums</para>
814 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
815 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
816 </indexterm>
817 </listitem>
818 </varlistentry>
819
820 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
821 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
822 <listitem>
823 <para>Prints or checks SHA512 checksums</para>
824 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
825 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
826 </indexterm>
827 </listitem>
828 </varlistentry>
829
830 <varlistentry id="shred">
831 <term><command>shred</command></term>
832 <listitem>
833 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
834 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
835 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
836 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
837 </indexterm>
838 </listitem>
839 </varlistentry>
840
841 <varlistentry id="shuf">
842 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
843 <listitem>
844 <para>Write a random permutation of the input lines to standard output or a file</para>
845 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
846 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
847 </indexterm>
848 </listitem>
849 </varlistentry>
850
851 <varlistentry id="sleep">
852 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
853 <listitem>
854 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
855 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
856 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
857 </indexterm>
858 </listitem>
859 </varlistentry>
860
861 <varlistentry id="sort">
862 <term><command>sort</command></term>
863 <listitem>
864 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
865 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
866 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
867 </indexterm>
868 </listitem>
869 </varlistentry>
870
871 <varlistentry id="split">
872 <term><command>split</command></term>
873 <listitem>
874 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
875 lines</para>
876 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
877 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
878 </indexterm>
879 </listitem>
880 </varlistentry>
881
882 <varlistentry id="stat">
883 <term><command>stat</command></term>
884 <listitem>
885 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
886 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
887 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
888 </indexterm>
889 </listitem>
890 </varlistentry>
891
892 <varlistentry id="stty">
893 <term><command>stty</command></term>
894 <listitem>
895 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
896 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
897 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
898 </indexterm>
899 </listitem>
900 </varlistentry>
901
902 <varlistentry id="sum">
903 <term><command>sum</command></term>
904 <listitem>
905 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
906 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
907 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
908 </indexterm>
909 </listitem>
910 </varlistentry>
911
912 <varlistentry id="sync">
913 <term><command>sync</command></term>
914 <listitem>
915 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
916 and updates the super block</para>
917 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
918 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
919 </indexterm>
920 </listitem>
921 </varlistentry>
922
923 <varlistentry id="tac">
924 <term><command>tac</command></term>
925 <listitem>
926 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
927 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
928 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
929 </indexterm>
930 </listitem>
931 </varlistentry>
932
933 <varlistentry id="tail">
934 <term><command>tail</command></term>
935 <listitem>
936 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
937 given file</para>
938 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
939 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
940 </indexterm>
941 </listitem>
942 </varlistentry>
943
944 <varlistentry id="tee">
945 <term><command>tee</command></term>
946 <listitem>
947 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
948 and to the given files</para>
949 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
950 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
951 </indexterm>
952 </listitem>
953 </varlistentry>
954
955 <varlistentry id="test">
956 <term><command>test</command> or <command>[</command></term>
957 <listitem>
958 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
959 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
960 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
961 </indexterm>
962 </listitem>
963 </varlistentry>
964
965 <varlistentry id="timeout">
966 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
967 <listitem>
968 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
969 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
970 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
971 </indexterm>
972 </listitem>
973 </varlistentry>
974
975 <varlistentry id="touch">
976 <term><command>touch</command></term>
977 <listitem>
978 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
979 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
980 are created with zero length</para>
981 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
982 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
983 </indexterm>
984 </listitem>
985 </varlistentry>
986
987 <varlistentry id="tr">
988 <term><command>tr</command></term>
989 <listitem>
990 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
991 standard input</para>
992 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
993 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
994 </indexterm>
995 </listitem>
996 </varlistentry>
997
998 <varlistentry id="true">
999 <term><command>true</command></term>
1000 <listitem>
1001 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1002 indicating success</para>
1003 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1004 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1005 </indexterm>
1006 </listitem>
1007 </varlistentry>
1008
1009 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1010 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1011 <listitem>
1012 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1013 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1014 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1015 </indexterm>
1016 </listitem>
1017 </varlistentry>
1018
1019 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1020 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1021 <listitem>
1022 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1023 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1024 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1025 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1026 </indexterm>
1027 </listitem>
1028 </varlistentry>
1029
1030 <varlistentry id="tty">
1031 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1032 <listitem>
1033 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1034 input</para>
1035 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1036 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1037 </indexterm>
1038 </listitem>
1039 </varlistentry>
1040
1041 <varlistentry id="uname">
1042 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1043 <listitem>
1044 <para>Reports system information</para>
1045 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1046 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1047 </indexterm>
1048 </listitem>
1049 </varlistentry>
1050
1051 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1052 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1053 <listitem>
1054 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1055 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1056 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1057 </indexterm>
1058 </listitem>
1059 </varlistentry>
1060
1061 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1062 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1063 <listitem>
1064 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1065 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1066 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1067 </indexterm>
1068 </listitem>
1069 </varlistentry>
1070
1071 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1072 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1073 <listitem>
1074 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1075 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1076 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1077 </indexterm>
1078 </listitem>
1079 </varlistentry>
1080
1081 <varlistentry id="users">
1082 <term><command>users</command></term>
1083 <listitem>
1084 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1085 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1086 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1087 </indexterm>
1088 </listitem>
1089 </varlistentry>
1090
1091 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1092 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1093 <listitem>
1094 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1095 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1096 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1097 </indexterm>
1098 </listitem>
1099 </varlistentry>
1100
1101 <varlistentry id="wc">
1102 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1103 <listitem>
1104 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1105 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1106 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1107 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1108 </indexterm>
1109 </listitem>
1110 </varlistentry>
1111
1112 <varlistentry id="who">
1113 <term><command>who</command></term>
1114 <listitem>
1115 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1116 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1117 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1118 </indexterm>
1119 </listitem>
1120 </varlistentry>
1121
1122 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1123 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1124 <listitem>
1125 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1126 user ID</para>
1127 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1128 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1129 </indexterm>
1130 </listitem>
1131 </varlistentry>
1132
1133 <varlistentry id="yes">
1134 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1135 <listitem>
1136 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1137 killed</para>
1138 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1139 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1140 </indexterm>
1141 </listitem>
1142 </varlistentry>
1143
1144 </variablelist>
1145
1146 </sect2>
1147
1148</sect1>
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