source: BOOK/final-system/common/coreutils.xml@ c27f76e

clfs-2.1 clfs-3.0.0-systemd clfs-3.0.0-sysvinit systemd sysvinit
Last change on this file since c27f76e was e926784b, checked in by Jonathan Norman <jon@…>, 13 years ago

Fixed the coreutils permissions for the dummy user tests
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 40.4 KB
Line 
1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
14 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
15 </indexterm>
16
17 <sect2 role="package">
18 <title/>
19
20 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
21 basic system characteristics.</para>
22
23 </sect2>
24
25 <sect2 role="installation">
26 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
27
28 <para os="p1">A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
29 this package is that the <option>-p</option> switch always
30 returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
31 fixes this behavior for all architectures:</para>
32
33<screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
34
35 <para os="c">Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
36
37<screen os="d"><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr \
38 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime \
39 --enable-install-program=hostname</userinput></screen>
40
41 <para os="e">Compile the package:</para>
42
43<screen os="f"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
44
45 <para os="g">The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the
46 presence of system users and groups that are not valid within the minimal
47 environment that exists at the moment. Therefore, additional items need
48 to be set up before running the tests. Skip down to <quote>Install the
49 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
50
51 <para os="h">Create two <systemitem class="groupname">dummy</systemitem> groups
52 and a <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
53
54<screen os="i"><userinput>echo "dummy1:x:1000:" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
55echo "dummy2:x:1001:dummy" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
56echo "dummy:x:1000:1000::/root:/bin/bash" &gt;&gt; /etc/passwd</userinput></screen>
57
58 <para os="j">Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run
59 the tests that are meant to be run as user
60 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
61
62<screen os="k"><userinput>make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=dummy check-root</userinput></screen>
63
64 <para os="l">The testsuite will now be run as the
65 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user. Fix the permissions
66 for a few files to allow this:</para>
67
68<screen os="m"><userinput>chown -Rv dummy config.log {gnulib-tests,lib,src,tests}</userinput></screen>
69
70 <para os="n">Then run the remainder of the tests as the
71 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
72
73<screen os="o"><userinput>src/su dummy -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
74
75 <para os="p">When testing is complete, remove the
76 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user and groups:</para>
77
78<screen os="q"><userinput>sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/passwd /etc/group</userinput></screen>
79
80 <para os="r">Install the package:</para>
81
82<screen os="s"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
83
84 <para os="t">Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
85
86<screen os="u"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date} /bin
87mv -v /usr/bin/{dd,df,echo,false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod} /bin
88mv -v /usr/bin/{mv,pwd,rm,rmdir,stty,true,uname} /bin
89mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
90
91 <para os="v">Other Coreutils programs are used by some of the scripts
92 in the CLFS-Bootscripts package. As <filename
93 class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the early
94 stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition:</para>
95
96<screen os="w"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{[,basename,head,install,nice} /bin
97mv -v /usr/bin/{readlink,sleep,sync,test,touch} /bin
98ln -svf ../../bin/install /usr/bin</userinput></screen>
99
100 </sect2>
101
102 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
103 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
104
105 <segmentedlist>
106 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
107 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
108 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
109
110 <seglistitem>
111 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot,
112 cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du,
113 echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head,
114 hostid, hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum,
115 mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk,
116 pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq,
117 sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf,
118 sleep, sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test,
119 timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq,
120 unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
121 <seg>libstdbuf.so</seg>
122 <seg>/usr/lib/coreutils</seg>
123 </seglistitem>
124 </segmentedlist>
125
126 <variablelist>
127 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
128 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
129 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
130
131 <varlistentry id="base64">
132 <term><command>base64</command></term>
133 <listitem>
134 <para>Base64 encode/decode data and print to standard output</para>
135 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
136 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
137 </indexterm>
138 </listitem>
139 </varlistentry>
140
141 <varlistentry id="basename">
142 <term><command>basename</command></term>
143 <listitem>
144 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
145 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
146 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
147 </indexterm>
148 </listitem>
149 </varlistentry>
150
151 <varlistentry id="cat">
152 <term><command>cat</command></term>
153 <listitem>
154 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
155 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
156 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
157 </indexterm>
158 </listitem>
159 </varlistentry>
160
161 <varlistentry id="chcon">
162 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
163 <listitem>
164 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
165 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
166 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
167 </indexterm>
168 </listitem>
169 </varlistentry>
170
171 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
172 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
173 <listitem>
174 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
175 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
176 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
177 </indexterm>
178 </listitem>
179 </varlistentry>
180
181 <varlistentry id="chmod">
182 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
183 <listitem>
184 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
185 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
186 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
187 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
188 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
189 </indexterm>
190 </listitem>
191 </varlistentry>
192
193 <varlistentry id="chown">
194 <term><command>chown</command></term>
195 <listitem>
196 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
197 directories</para>
198 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
199 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
200 </indexterm>
201 </listitem>
202 </varlistentry>
203
204 <varlistentry id="chroot">
205 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
206 <listitem>
207 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
208 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
209 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
210 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
211 </indexterm>
212 </listitem>
213 </varlistentry>
214
215 <varlistentry id="cksum">
216 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
217 <listitem>
218 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
219 counts of each specified file</para>
220 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
221 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
222 </indexterm>
223 </listitem>
224 </varlistentry>
225
226 <varlistentry id="comm">
227 <term><command>comm</command></term>
228 <listitem>
229 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
230 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
231 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
232 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
233 </indexterm>
234 </listitem>
235 </varlistentry>
236
237 <varlistentry id="cp">
238 <term><command>cp</command></term>
239 <listitem>
240 <para>Copies files</para>
241 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
242 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
243 </indexterm>
244 </listitem>
245 </varlistentry>
246
247 <varlistentry id="csplit">
248 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
249 <listitem>
250 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
251 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
252 count of each new file</para>
253 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
254 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
255 </indexterm>
256 </listitem>
257 </varlistentry>
258
259 <varlistentry id="cut">
260 <term><command>cut</command></term>
261 <listitem>
262 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
263 fields or positions</para>
264 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
265 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
266 </indexterm>
267 </listitem>
268 </varlistentry>
269
270 <varlistentry id="date">
271 <term><command>date</command></term>
272 <listitem>
273 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
274 system date</para>
275 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
276 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
277 </indexterm>
278 </listitem>
279 </varlistentry>
280
281 <varlistentry id="dd">
282 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
283 <listitem>
284 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
285 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
286 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
287 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
288 </indexterm>
289 </listitem>
290 </varlistentry>
291
292 <varlistentry id="df">
293 <term><command>df</command></term>
294 <listitem>
295 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
296 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
297 files</para>
298 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
299 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
300 </indexterm>
301 </listitem>
302 </varlistentry>
303
304 <varlistentry id="dir">
305 <term><command>dir</command></term>
306 <listitem>
307 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
308 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
309 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
310 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
311 </indexterm>
312 </listitem>
313 </varlistentry>
314
315 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
316 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
317 <listitem>
318 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
319 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
320 <command>ls</command></para>
321 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
322 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
323 </indexterm>
324 </listitem>
325 </varlistentry>
326
327 <varlistentry id="dirname">
328 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
329 <listitem>
330 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
331 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
332 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
333 </indexterm>
334 </listitem>
335 </varlistentry>
336
337 <varlistentry id="du">
338 <term><command>du</command></term>
339 <listitem>
340 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
341 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
342 each of the given files</para>
343 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
344 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
345 </indexterm>
346 </listitem>
347 </varlistentry>
348
349 <varlistentry id="echo">
350 <term><command>echo</command></term>
351 <listitem>
352 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
353 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
354 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
355 </indexterm>
356 </listitem>
357 </varlistentry>
358
359 <varlistentry id="env">
360 <term><command>env</command></term>
361 <listitem>
362 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
363 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
364 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
365 </indexterm>
366 </listitem>
367 </varlistentry>
368
369 <varlistentry id="expand">
370 <term><command>expand</command></term>
371 <listitem>
372 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
373 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
374 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
375 </indexterm>
376 </listitem>
377 </varlistentry>
378
379 <varlistentry id="expr">
380 <term><command>expr</command></term>
381 <listitem>
382 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
383 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
384 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
385 </indexterm>
386 </listitem>
387 </varlistentry>
388
389 <varlistentry id="factor">
390 <term><command>factor</command></term>
391 <listitem>
392 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
393 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
394 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
395 </indexterm>
396 </listitem>
397 </varlistentry>
398
399 <varlistentry id="false">
400 <term><command>false</command></term>
401 <listitem>
402 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
403 indicating failure</para>
404 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
405 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
406 </indexterm>
407 </listitem>
408 </varlistentry>
409
410 <varlistentry id="fmt">
411 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
412 <listitem>
413 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
414 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
415 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
416 </indexterm>
417 </listitem>
418 </varlistentry>
419
420 <varlistentry id="fold">
421 <term><command>fold</command></term>
422 <listitem>
423 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
424 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
425 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
426 </indexterm>
427 </listitem>
428 </varlistentry>
429
430 <varlistentry id="groups">
431 <term><command>groups</command></term>
432 <listitem>
433 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
434 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
435 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
436 </indexterm>
437 </listitem>
438 </varlistentry>
439
440 <varlistentry id="head">
441 <term><command>head</command></term>
442 <listitem>
443 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
444 of each given file</para>
445 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
446 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
447 </indexterm>
448 </listitem>
449 </varlistentry>
450
451 <varlistentry id="hostid">
452 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
453 <listitem>
454 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
455 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
456 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
457 </indexterm>
458 </listitem>
459 </varlistentry>
460
461 <varlistentry id="hostname">
462 <term><command>hostname</command></term>
463 <listitem>
464 <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
465 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
466 <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
467 </indexterm>
468 </listitem>
469 </varlistentry>
470
471 <varlistentry id="id">
472 <term><command>id</command></term>
473 <listitem>
474 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
475 of the current user or specified user</para>
476 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
477 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
478 </indexterm>
479 </listitem>
480 </varlistentry>
481
482 <varlistentry id="install">
483 <term><command>install</command> </term>
484 <listitem>
485 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
486 possible, their owner and group</para>
487 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
488 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
489 </indexterm>
490 </listitem>
491 </varlistentry>
492
493 <varlistentry id="join">
494 <term><command>join</command></term>
495 <listitem>
496 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
497 separate files</para>
498 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
499 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
500 </indexterm>
501 </listitem>
502 </varlistentry>
503
504 <varlistentry id="link">
505 <term><command>link</command></term>
506 <listitem>
507 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
508 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
509 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
510 </indexterm>
511 </listitem>
512 </varlistentry>
513
514 <varlistentry id="ln">
515 <term><command>ln</command></term>
516 <listitem>
517 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
518 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
519 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
520 </indexterm>
521 </listitem>
522 </varlistentry>
523
524 <varlistentry id="logname">
525 <term><command>logname</command></term>
526 <listitem>
527 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
528 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
529 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
530 </indexterm>
531 </listitem>
532 </varlistentry>
533
534 <varlistentry id="ls">
535 <term><command>ls</command></term>
536 <listitem>
537 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
538 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
539 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
540 </indexterm>
541 </listitem>
542 </varlistentry>
543
544 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
545 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
546 <listitem>
547 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
548 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
549 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
550 </indexterm>
551 </listitem>
552 </varlistentry>
553
554 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
555 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
556 <listitem>
557 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
558 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
559 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
560 </indexterm>
561 </listitem>
562 </varlistentry>
563
564 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
565 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
566 <listitem>
567 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
568 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
569 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
570 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
571 </indexterm>
572 </listitem>
573 </varlistentry>
574
575 <varlistentry id="mknod">
576 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
577 <listitem>
578 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
579 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
580 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
581 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
582 </indexterm>
583 </listitem>
584 </varlistentry>
585
586 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
587 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
588 <listitem>
589 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in
590 scripts</para>
591 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
592 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
593 </indexterm>
594 </listitem>
595 </varlistentry>
596
597 <varlistentry id="mv">
598 <term><command>mv</command></term>
599 <listitem>
600 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
601 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
602 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
603 </indexterm>
604 </listitem>
605 </varlistentry>
606
607 <varlistentry id="nice">
608 <term><command>nice</command></term>
609 <listitem>
610 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
611 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
612 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
613 </indexterm>
614 </listitem>
615 </varlistentry>
616
617 <varlistentry id="nl">
618 <term><command>nl</command></term>
619 <listitem>
620 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
621 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
622 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
623 </indexterm>
624 </listitem>
625 </varlistentry>
626
627 <varlistentry id="nohup">
628 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
629 <listitem>
630 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
631 a log file</para>
632 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
633 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
634 </indexterm>
635 </listitem>
636 </varlistentry>
637
638 <varlistentry id="od">
639 <term><command>od</command></term>
640 <listitem>
641 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
642 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
643 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
644 </indexterm>
645 </listitem>
646 </varlistentry>
647
648 <varlistentry id="paste">
649 <term><command>paste</command></term>
650 <listitem>
651 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
652 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
653 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
654 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
655 </indexterm>
656 </listitem>
657 </varlistentry>
658
659 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
660 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
661 <listitem>
662 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
663 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
664 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
665 </indexterm>
666 </listitem>
667 </varlistentry>
668
669 <varlistentry id="pinky">
670 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
671 <listitem>
672 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
673 about the given users</para>
674 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
675 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
676 </indexterm>
677 </listitem>
678 </varlistentry>
679
680 <varlistentry id="pr">
681 <term><command>pr</command></term>
682 <listitem>
683 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
684 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
685 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
686 </indexterm>
687 </listitem>
688 </varlistentry>
689
690 <varlistentry id="printenv">
691 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
692 <listitem>
693 <para>Prints the environment</para>
694 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
695 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
696 </indexterm>
697 </listitem>
698 </varlistentry>
699
700 <varlistentry id="printf">
701 <term><command>printf</command></term>
702 <listitem>
703 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
704 like the C printf function</para>
705 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
706 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
707 </indexterm>
708 </listitem>
709 </varlistentry>
710
711 <varlistentry id="ptx">
712 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
713 <listitem>
714 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
715 with each keyword in its context</para>
716 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
717 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
718 </indexterm>
719 </listitem>
720 </varlistentry>
721
722 <varlistentry id="pwd">
723 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
724 <listitem>
725 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
726 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
727 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
728 </indexterm>
729 </listitem>
730 </varlistentry>
731
732 <varlistentry id="readlink">
733 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
734 <listitem>
735 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
736 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
737 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
738 </indexterm>
739 </listitem>
740 </varlistentry>
741
742 <varlistentry id="rm">
743 <term><command>rm</command></term>
744 <listitem>
745 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
746 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
747 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
748 </indexterm>
749 </listitem>
750 </varlistentry>
751
752 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
753 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
754 <listitem>
755 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
756 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
757 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
758 </indexterm>
759 </listitem>
760 </varlistentry>
761
762 <varlistentry id="runcon">
763 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
764 <listitem>
765 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
766 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
767 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
768 </indexterm>
769 </listitem>
770 </varlistentry>
771
772 <varlistentry id="seq">
773 <term><command>seq</command></term>
774 <listitem>
775 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
776 given increment</para>
777 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
778 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
779 </indexterm>
780 </listitem>
781 </varlistentry>
782
783 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
784 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
785 <listitem>
786 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
787 checksums</para>
788 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
789 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
790 </indexterm>
791 </listitem>
792 </varlistentry>
793
794 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
795 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
796 <listitem>
797 <para>Prints or checks SHA224 checksums</para>
798 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
799 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
800 </indexterm>
801 </listitem>
802 </varlistentry>
803
804 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
805 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
806 <listitem>
807 <para>Prints or checks SHA256 checksums</para>
808 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
809 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
810 </indexterm>
811 </listitem>
812 </varlistentry>
813
814 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
815 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
816 <listitem>
817 <para>Prints or checks SHA384 checksums</para>
818 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
819 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
820 </indexterm>
821 </listitem>
822 </varlistentry>
823
824 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
825 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
826 <listitem>
827 <para>Prints or checks SHA512 checksums</para>
828 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
829 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
830 </indexterm>
831 </listitem>
832 </varlistentry>
833
834 <varlistentry id="shred">
835 <term><command>shred</command></term>
836 <listitem>
837 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
838 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
839 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
840 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
841 </indexterm>
842 </listitem>
843 </varlistentry>
844
845 <varlistentry id="shuf">
846 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
847 <listitem>
848 <para>Write a random permutation of the input lines to standard output or a file</para>
849 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
850 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
851 </indexterm>
852 </listitem>
853 </varlistentry>
854
855 <varlistentry id="sleep">
856 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
857 <listitem>
858 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
859 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
860 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
861 </indexterm>
862 </listitem>
863 </varlistentry>
864
865 <varlistentry id="sort">
866 <term><command>sort</command></term>
867 <listitem>
868 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
869 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
870 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
871 </indexterm>
872 </listitem>
873 </varlistentry>
874
875 <varlistentry id="split">
876 <term><command>split</command></term>
877 <listitem>
878 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
879 lines</para>
880 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
881 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
882 </indexterm>
883 </listitem>
884 </varlistentry>
885
886 <varlistentry id="stat">
887 <term><command>stat</command></term>
888 <listitem>
889 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
890 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
891 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
892 </indexterm>
893 </listitem>
894 </varlistentry>
895
896 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
897 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
898 <listitem>
899 <para>Runs a command with modified buffering operations for its
900 standard streams</para>
901 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
902 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
903 </indexterm>
904 </listitem>
905 </varlistentry>
906
907 <varlistentry id="stty">
908 <term><command>stty</command></term>
909 <listitem>
910 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
911 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
912 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
913 </indexterm>
914 </listitem>
915 </varlistentry>
916
917 <varlistentry id="sum">
918 <term><command>sum</command></term>
919 <listitem>
920 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
921 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
922 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
923 </indexterm>
924 </listitem>
925 </varlistentry>
926
927 <varlistentry id="sync">
928 <term><command>sync</command></term>
929 <listitem>
930 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
931 and updates the super block</para>
932 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
933 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
934 </indexterm>
935 </listitem>
936 </varlistentry>
937
938 <varlistentry id="tac">
939 <term><command>tac</command></term>
940 <listitem>
941 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
942 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
943 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
944 </indexterm>
945 </listitem>
946 </varlistentry>
947
948 <varlistentry id="tail">
949 <term><command>tail</command></term>
950 <listitem>
951 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
952 given file</para>
953 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
954 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
955 </indexterm>
956 </listitem>
957 </varlistentry>
958
959 <varlistentry id="tee">
960 <term><command>tee</command></term>
961 <listitem>
962 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
963 and to the given files</para>
964 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
965 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
966 </indexterm>
967 </listitem>
968 </varlistentry>
969
970 <varlistentry id="test">
971 <term><command>test</command> or <command>[</command></term>
972 <listitem>
973 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
974 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
975 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
976 </indexterm>
977 </listitem>
978 </varlistentry>
979
980 <varlistentry id="timeout">
981 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
982 <listitem>
983 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
984 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
985 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
986 </indexterm>
987 </listitem>
988 </varlistentry>
989
990 <varlistentry id="touch">
991 <term><command>touch</command></term>
992 <listitem>
993 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
994 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
995 are created with zero length</para>
996 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
997 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
998 </indexterm>
999 </listitem>
1000 </varlistentry>
1001
1002 <varlistentry id="tr">
1003 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1004 <listitem>
1005 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1006 standard input</para>
1007 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1008 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1009 </indexterm>
1010 </listitem>
1011 </varlistentry>
1012
1013 <varlistentry id="true">
1014 <term><command>true</command></term>
1015 <listitem>
1016 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1017 indicating success</para>
1018 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1019 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1020 </indexterm>
1021 </listitem>
1022 </varlistentry>
1023
1024 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1025 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1026 <listitem>
1027 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1028 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1029 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1030 </indexterm>
1031 </listitem>
1032 </varlistentry>
1033
1034 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1035 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1036 <listitem>
1037 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1038 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1039 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1040 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1041 </indexterm>
1042 </listitem>
1043 </varlistentry>
1044
1045 <varlistentry id="tty">
1046 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1047 <listitem>
1048 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1049 input</para>
1050 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1051 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1052 </indexterm>
1053 </listitem>
1054 </varlistentry>
1055
1056 <varlistentry id="uname">
1057 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1058 <listitem>
1059 <para>Reports system information</para>
1060 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1061 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1062 </indexterm>
1063 </listitem>
1064 </varlistentry>
1065
1066 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1067 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1068 <listitem>
1069 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1070 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1071 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1072 </indexterm>
1073 </listitem>
1074 </varlistentry>
1075
1076 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1077 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1078 <listitem>
1079 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1080 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1081 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1082 </indexterm>
1083 </listitem>
1084 </varlistentry>
1085
1086 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1087 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1088 <listitem>
1089 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1090 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1091 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1092 </indexterm>
1093 </listitem>
1094 </varlistentry>
1095
1096 <varlistentry id="users">
1097 <term><command>users</command></term>
1098 <listitem>
1099 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1100 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1101 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1102 </indexterm>
1103 </listitem>
1104 </varlistentry>
1105
1106 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1107 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1108 <listitem>
1109 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1110 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1111 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1112 </indexterm>
1113 </listitem>
1114 </varlistentry>
1115
1116 <varlistentry id="wc">
1117 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1118 <listitem>
1119 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1120 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1121 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1122 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1123 </indexterm>
1124 </listitem>
1125 </varlistentry>
1126
1127 <varlistentry id="who">
1128 <term><command>who</command></term>
1129 <listitem>
1130 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1131 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1132 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1133 </indexterm>
1134 </listitem>
1135 </varlistentry>
1136
1137 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1138 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1139 <listitem>
1140 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1141 user ID</para>
1142 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1143 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1144 </indexterm>
1145 </listitem>
1146 </varlistentry>
1147
1148 <varlistentry id="yes">
1149 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1150 <listitem>
1151 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1152 killed</para>
1153 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1154 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1155 </indexterm>
1156 </listitem>
1157 </varlistentry>
1158
1159 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
1160 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term>
1161 <listitem>
1162 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1163 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
1164 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary>
1165 </indexterm>
1166 </listitem>
1167 </varlistentry>
1168
1169 </variablelist>
1170
1171 </sect2>
1172
1173</sect1>
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